Bài giảng kiến trúc máy tính pot

Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính


KHOA ĐIỆN TỬ
BỘ MÔN KỸ THUẬT MÁY TÍNH
BÀI GIẢNG HỌC PHẦN:KIẾN TRÚC MÁY TÍNH
Theo chương trình đào tạo 150 TC
Số tín chỉ: 03
 !""
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
Tên tác giả biên soạn: Tăng Cẩm Nhung
BÀI GIẢNG HỌC PHẦN:KIẾN TRÚC MÁY TÍNH
Theo chương trình đào tạo 150 TC
Số tín chỉ: 03
Thái Nguyên, ngày 26 tháng 6 năm 2011
Trưởng bộ mônTrưởng khoa
#$%&'()*+,#$%&'()*+,
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính

  !"#$%&
'()*+%,&
-%./. 0 ( 12 

3-% !$ 4!+ ( 1$
5-%67+ ( 1$
-%89:6+ ( 1 ;
3<84=%
-': > ?@A(BC-': !4.D; !E.;F  GH I( 
.(
-':44C-:'D " .J KL; !E-':44>D
L !$ ( 1 =-':A(;D ).H .H$4
-': > ?044C4=-:' !$$$4=%) !I !4.D
M% N4O#$; !E.;FA(.;$4HP#$%IQD
HP M%H 44
$I !4 2 %I"4=%.;FR > ?I;K $S
TU( ?44V1.H$."8$4 ).H4= .H
#$%. 
-':TUC4=-':.;F( =4!$."W( H 4= 42 .ID
;K.!XAL-':.$YKD "Z H ) >#$
% P,![ R P#$H\#$]
-':.$YC4=-':.;F( =4!$."H ZZ 4 >#$
Z 4D "Q;$.;F.>." ( (%2 #$
-':.$YC]
57 > !4 )%^
57<_^
5`HZ !4a
53`HZ43&
55b )4!$@6 cd  : NB3&
5b )3
-*E82#$%3
1 56789 :0
-;<= :0
'*AO4 *A3

eL *A3
-O4T3
`"Tf)3]
:
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
e.(3]
7".g$.(3h
3`"Tf)3^
37M 4)R !483a
3<MH83a
3<M !G85&
33<M885
35<M$85
5`"Tf)T22.H5
5`"Tf) ?T2ij5
5`"Tf) ?T2.H53
 k53
`"Tf ?5
1:->/9?@ 0A
3lZ Lg.=)4&
37g@l$ NB&
3m=)4
33'?4
35:? ;.;#$=3
37=4)5
3-=%F5
3-= gF
337=)Rh

33'g1HZ]&
33eW ]&
33<> Z ]&
333'g1HZ]5
10->B1C DE
571Y4= .H#$H\]a
5m.L"@74 !4_ 07_B]a
5m\ 4R4@n! NA$T4$_ 0n_Bh&
53'$h&
55b )`_:h
57 14= .H#$7<_h
0
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
539( ![h]
53m;KTh]
539o h^
533m K4o ^&
535m !E ?4o ^
14->-;< E:
e*T=^5
 $(HZ^5
 $( $^5
3 $(4!$^5
-*E82HZ^
bE0-*E82HZ^^
72&C'P $p !4H\'$HZ":qn- .H
$ *Ag.m8 >ZD ).H !$4.gT$2  !4
 )ED>n_7_'DDT;Fr^^

72C<!$!$N@$N2BCHZD ).H !$4.gT!2 $@r
$BIDT;Fr.;F.s  !4H\I;SD "p4H
\'!4H\AA(IHZ$N ;K.;F @$BZU.,
!\.H  !4\44@.=TNB6$NCT4t$NC
T4T^^
72C:N4T$!$N@$N 12BC7S);<!$!$NI;4=p
4H\DoDD<!$!$N@;F=ID,<!$!$NBt
;F#$:N4T$!$N ;KZ<!$!$NrHZ^^
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.;FH\..$o !?A(W *W$.$o.D-H >#$
; !E.$.;F D "p !4$N@TBp Y ).H
4= .H#$ )t;#$HZ, ;KZ!2 L>T
;FHZ$N;.O( I !4 )%.=$ EHZ
, ;Ktqn-^^
785C:N4T$!N4!@`HZ 12+HZ4BC`HZDT;F!2 Z
; ).H !$4.gTP`HZ."; !; !ETH 
8TI4L;KTU@c.RI2 J.uQ *ABm=T4
HZ4=.D,g.v$1IL7tqd-I7t+wd-I7twqIY GIx^a
3`HZ.@7$NB^a
3'gW$v$#$$N^a
372 ![#$HZ$Na
337;\=$Na
5`HZ !4ah
4
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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;F 4H.z !ETJ.$o.L"p%qn:@q4{nN
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H ,\| !LPT.RIaa
 ;tqn-aa
}<-0tqn-@}$ <$N-4TNtqn-B&&
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ttq:tqn-@t4Nt$ $q$ N:tqn-B&
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:tqn-@:!440tqn-B&
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"!:
]lZ 1.L&3
]`HZ4&5
]98 !$+<$&
]'?8 !$&]
bE]0a9,TUL.$o4&^
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]37o 4c!$43
]37o 4c!$4.)Z~N > ?3
]37o 4c!$4.)Z~N !Pu5
]339.s o 4c!$45
1IFJK

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h9F
hlZ LF]
h*$NE•]
D
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
he*T=o *$N^
h3:4*$N*P$4&
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^7;.L"4!$
^94!$p; !E+4
^94!$p;k ]
^394!$TUt-nh
^3lM) ( 4=a
^57g4!$ *TU3&
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^5)A(@:N!$B3
m*@N\4NA4BCTo.;F !L N4;Z33
`4*@$€0TN\BCT !L N4;ZI;• K."o.;F
!L N4;Z33
:4*@€0TN\BC).;F !L.J K N4;Z33
^537g<70l$N33
^557g,3
I
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên

Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
7L ;CBM

E
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
7L ;5N56

A
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT HỌC PHẦN: KIẾN TRÚC MÁY TÍNH
#*OPQRS+RTO,
1. Tên học phần: TEE Kiến trúc máy tính .
2 . Số tín chỉ: 03;
3. Trình độ cho sinh viên năm thứ: 3 ( KTMT, SPKT Điện, SPKT Tin)
hoặc 4 (Cơ điện tử).
4. Phân bổ thời gian
U /VWPV%+X+Y :#+X+Z+Q,[" #+Q, \:D+X+]
U ^_V`Y D#+X+Z+Q,[:#+Q, \"E+X+]
U aWbcR'+`PVW#b',Yd]
U OY d]
U efg+X++hObiY \40+X++hOj]
U efg+X+OkY \04+X+Ok]
5. Các học phần học trước
6. Học phần thay thế, học phần tương đương
7. Mục tiêu của học phần
?&SlamOOnfo$X+(pOOqrT+j+g+stV%

_i+lTOqrOO+'PQaYnOX+s+_Oqrtr_+XPurOO
+'PQ&'&'_Z(rbuVjteOvO&'Va+(u+d+OqrRTWw
8. Mô tả vắn tắt nội dung học phần
W+jOtnfo$X+(pO+sts+_V`V%teOvO&'
$X+(pORTWtr_+XP&'+(xZ`buVjtOj+gr_+XPOyP+yPt
X+$Xj+g[zV%teOvOOqrRT[zV%+(+{#,tjj
+gtr[zV%]
9. Nhiệm vụ của sinh viên
9.1. Phần lý thuyết
"]7hVWP≥E!|+efg+}VamOqr*OPQ]
]kR~+^_V`]
:]5'+`P5'+`PVW#b',Yd
0]OYr•r+hO'wYd
9.2. Phần thí nghiệm
?&P^_'+'OOR'+sjfrY
10. Tài liệu học tập
U Sách, giáo trình chính:
U Bài giảng “Kiến trúc và tổ chức máy tính”, 5-€+`++s
•"‚] ƒ„Bj+X+(pO+s…5_b†O !!!]
• ‚] gB9y+(pO+sOnR^…5g$ !!"]
•:‚] gB9y+(pO+s{Or_…5g$ !!"]
"!
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
•0‚] (Q‡rBV%PQOv&'$€+`+ˆPg
+s…5_b†O !! ]
•4‚] gB9_'vO^_+(„Oy+(pO+s…5
_b†O !!!]
•D‚] ƒr(Cấu trúc máy vi tính và thiết bị ngoại vi…5

 !!!]
11. Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá sinh viên và thang điểm
11.1. Các học phần lý thuyết
• Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá
"]OQt
]^_V`R'+`Pt
:]5'+`PVW#b',t
0]‰+(rur*OPQt
4]$X++pO*OPQt
D]O]
• Thang điểm
U ‰lRTP`Oy+Š_+rl‰"!&W+(*fgafrY
‹ OQY 4|]
‹ ^_V`R'+`PY "!|]
‹ 5'+`PVW#b',Y "4|]
‹ ‰+(rur*OPQY !|]
U ‰+$X++pO*OPQY 4!|]
U ‰*OPQY/'l‰+(R„OOŒ+(*fgOqrOOl‰l
RTP`&'l‰+$X++pO*OPQV'+(•lXT+Oufg+`P
P{]
11.2. Các học phần thí nghiệm
‰*OPQ+sjRŽ+(R„OOŒ+(*fgl‰OOR'
+sj]
12. Nội dung chi tiết học phần
a}Rf_iY ?]k
13. Lịch trình giảng dạy
U ?g+QbiV%+X+Y " +Q
U ?g+Q+^_V`R'+`PY :+Q
U ?g+Q+hObiY "4+Q
Tuầ

n
thứ
Nội dung
Tài liệu học tập,
tham khảo
Hình thức
học
""
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
1
Chương 1: Mở đầu
"]"u$j&'V%OnR^
"] /~OfzP++(‰Oqr+s]
"]:{V_i+s
"]0O+'PQOnR^+(_j+g+s
"]4-d„P{OyPOqr+s
4]"]"] -vOV_Ofg
4]"] ] -vO&Oan+(„
4]"]:] -vO+s+d+a}
4]"]0] -vOjlx'
4]"]4] -vOdurffŠRV
4]"]D] -vOduR`OOr_
•"‚U• ‚U•:‚ ^
2
Chương 2. Biểu diễn thông tin trong máy tính
]"] d+&'•_+d+
] ] ]5‰bƒfg
] ]"] jjlX

] ] ] ‰leurOOjlX
] ]:] 5‰bƒfg
•"‚U• ‚U•:‚ ^
3
] ]0] 5‰bƒfg+hO
]"] OPˆP+_fg*O+(_j~P{ •"‚U• ‚U•:‚ ^
4
Chương 3. Mức logic số
:]"] W+j&xOOOPV_O
:] ] OiO+emP
:] ]"]5Tb•$&'RTP{$
:] ] 5T•_&'^•
:] ]:]5TOT&'RT+(‘
:]:] 5T+i_[V_O$
:]0] -T+fgiOV_OOnR^
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Chương 4 Mức vi chương trình
0]"] O+vO_i+lTOqr
0] ] vO&'_i+lTOqrRT[zV%
0] ]"] n&~lx$‰
0] ] ] n&~[zV%+_*O&'V_O

0] ]:] r
0] ]0] j+g5?
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
7
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0]:]"] a}buVj
0]:] ] BO“+~
0]:]:] ~+}O_&O“+~
0]:]0] ~+(„+hO_OO&O“+~
0]0] Bsb†&x$X+(pO+(_vO+d+a}
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9
Chương 5. Mức máy thông thường
4]"] dbiVj
4]"]"] /j+rOXRTW
4]"] ] /j+rOX+r
4]"]:] /j+rOX&'_(r
4] ] OOXlTl~rO“
4]:] 5TWOs
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4]0]"] _i+lTOqrRTWrOŠ
4]0] ] ;[irOŠ
4]0]:] O^+`++r+X
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Chương 6. Mức máy hệ điều hành
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D] ] 5TW^_
D]:] OO“+~&'_Z(r^_
D]0] 5TWrOŠ
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Chương 7. Các thiết bị ngoại vi
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I] ] 5'Ps”ŠR_r(b
I]:] -'„”-_+_(
I]0] •r+‘&'l•r•r
":
Chương 8. Máy tính IBM-PC
• W+j
• -5-+q
• -5-Z…5-ZL
• jlx'79?Oqr5-
"0 ^_V` •"‚U• ‚U•:‚U•0‚U ^_V`
":
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử

Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
•I‚
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14. Ngày phê duyệt:
15. Cấp phê duyệt:
xOanO+X+*OPQl•lamOTl•$g'Điện – Điện tử và
SPKT Điện – Tin họcPbj+]
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
CHƯƠNG 1 MỞ ĐẦU
1.1 Những khái niệm và nguyên lý cơ bản
"]"]" j+s
-+s#O_P+Š(,V'T++X+R~OŒ$^+r_+O#Va+(u[zV%,+(
buVj#+d+,+Š_T+OOPvO+iP&'V`P+(„lamO]BjO+s+_OqrŒ
+hOj+Š_T+Oan+(„UT+b•OOO{Vj]7uVjOŒ+‰lamOR‰
bƒbaW(y+x„+vOOqr+d+aYfg$%+h„^{+rw
(aWO$P+(r+s+`+uO_P+Š(+a}lamOb–l‰O“
T+a}OV'j&†+s+_#rO_P+Š(,
 jOan+(„#P(_(r,Y
an+(„V'b•OOO{VjŽ+(_RTWŽ†OlsOaW
bc+s+hOjT+Od&jOO†+‰'_ly]-+s+hOj+Š_
Oan+(„]
 jPQx#f_—+˜r(Š,Y

5r_•OO+`++_&'OOR‰bƒO_+sOqrOp+rlŒOs
V'OOOan+(„]an+(„OŒ+‰lamOR‰bƒ#Va+(u,+(R„rl†OV™
R+‘l•r+‘wrOOd+(a}$O+OOnR^y+OqrPQ
xOsV'+`PmPOOO{Vj#O“+~,+i_Oan+(„Ov$dP^V'
d+(a}&`+V%lamOfzb†l‰#Va+(u,Oan+(„]
 QOv#r(b˜r(Š,Y
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'+(hO+XPRoOOiOlj'$dOQT++(„+db~O_šO+(„R
b~O+(r'_#O^,]OiOlja&`O–&WRTW&'OO+X+R~
_i&#&'_Z(r,+i_+'PQOvOqr+s#r(b˜r(Š,]QOvRr_g
OOlg+amu„aOO&iO#,OOR^#R_r(b,iOOPg
•ljRTWl*OR„r+Š(rVwOv$dP^V'OO%
+aoOO+`++_rOOO{Vj#O“+~,]
`+d+&'_
…zV%+d++Š_Oan
+(„lamOVa+(_RTW
ar+d+(r
"4
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
 Qb›_#’(˜r(Š,Y
Qf†#rO•*V'PQ•_,V'bi+(rurPQOv&'
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+i_(rOOiOlj+z']’(˜r(ŠlamOfzb†$OOOan+(„X$
_šO$dRr_}OQ+rle]
-T+&sb†+(hO•rO_PQf†'OsV'9-59?OvrOOOan
+(„$olTOOb~O&†&'_Z(rOnfobuVj&xOy„Oqrj+gw'
Opl•+ga_'O“'$dOQP^+rleur#s++rle,]rOO
PQx+(_l•On_šO+(_OOb†O†ŒOlj+_iblTw

’(˜r(ŠOœlamOfzb†$OOOan+(„$dlamOPˆPy+l
$ y+  lj  #•  d,] (_  x   +s  OO  &  Oan  +(„  +TO
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x]
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$Or&x&ylx']
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính

X+•^V'OŒ$aWO‰OO+r_+O[gPQOv#vO!,]
uOd&jO+(aWOl{lamOV`P+(„T+OO()('ovO+d
+a}+„r+ylamOovObaW+(_PQOv]
BWfh(rl}Oqr$¡&Oan+(„&'+sxvOT+
$aWamOViOœ[y+j](_OO+slQ+VjOT
#L77,_šO+(‘#?5,lamO+hOjRŽPQOv#$dr}&xlx
lŒ,](_T++slamOV`P&Oan+(„O“+~L77OqrvO+d
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+(„OiovObaWO–&'lamO+hOjaT+b•OORaWOžn#b•
OO&O“+~##&,Oan+(„,]
 /yVj#—Š+O,]
 …Ol~$‰OqrVj]
 ~&~buVjf¢lamOOT]
 /ybuVj#Vy+_i,]
 hOjOT#Vj,]
 y+$X+•^]
‡rlŒ+r+yŒ£&`O‰¤+Š_$aW+‘baWV+(+‘vO
PQOv+WvO&Oan+(„]
[{bhT++sxvOa}+X+$XP^•X+l~f¢lš+
u„+i™vO]„lš+&'_PQOvO„lamO+hOjRŽPQ
x]
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RŽPQOv_šORŽ&Oan+(„aRrlQ#$o+¡”
&,OplamOV`P+(„(y+()('+ivO+d+a}]
Ví dụ:
 OO“+~O_PˆP{&'Orfg]
 OO“+~lg&WfgbyP^lT]
 OO“+~fg*OOŒlTOsOO$ˆP#OOPˆP+sfg*O+(OOO_fg
OŒfgOufgOŒ•rxyPrR„+a},]
 OO“+~*Oan+(„O_&'+(o&xOan+(„O_+‘Oan+(„

Osfr$+hOj[_Oan+(„O_]
 OO“+~l‰lX#OT"&'_T+RXYO¥\¦Y\‹",]
 OO“+~[zV%[{$%+h]
ŒViOp+r+y(Ž(rWurPQOv&'PQxV'+§%
&'Op$d‘+rle+Š_fhP++(‰OœaOQ+(_+‘V•
"I
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
&hOO†+‰#O•iYlš+'T++sOb†'_lŒ#fh+X+$Xf¢
lamOl~aW+Š_OQOqrV•&hOlŒ,]
OPQx'rOŒ+‰V'PQOv+(_rr_šOamOVi]
n+Xur(rWurOOvO$OrOœbƒ+rle]Š_•rl‰
Oqr+‘V`P+(„&+„&jOO*T+O“+~#Vj,+hO+XlamO+'a+X
'_$d•r+(*#OŒ+‰O“•r+{+W+gOlT+hOjOqrO“+~lŒ,]-T+
a}V`P+(„ovO#+d+a},OŒ+‰fzb†O“+~{OqrvO'
a+‰ŒV'T+O“+~O_PQOv'$dP^•r+{V_VS„O^+`
OsOœ$dOQRX+ŒOŒ+hOfhV'T+O“+~O_PQOvr$d]
QOvOqra}'OŒ+‰*V'PQxOqrŠ}$O]
`+&`T+a}V`P+(„&$dOQ+X+P^‰()vO'r
+rlrfzb†lamO+i_(ra+X'_bclX%+ao&x+X+$X+sOŒ
Oy+(pO]-T+vO+a}lamO*V'^_&„a}V`P+(„•&xŒaT+
O&`+V%+hOfhšOb–Œ$d+hOfh+•+i]
5Ž&jO+i_(rO•T+b•OOvOa}V`P+(„V'&jOo
vO$dOQ+X+P^‰()*O+X+PvO+iPOqrOOvOŽRbaW
}lŒ&jOOv+X+$X&'OX+i_(rOO+sPvO+iP+(oln
^n(y+x]
"]"] V%[{bh+slj+z
ŒrV%OnR^l‰[{bh+slj+zV'YV%fg&'
V%+an+h]

¨ Nguyên lý sốYfzb†OO+(i+(}(iOOqrT+liVam&`+V%l‰R‰
bƒfgVjV%'O•lamO*V'V%lX]Bsb†&x+„
+(i(}(iOOqrliVam&`+V%+Š_V%fglamO+‰j+(_
R^"U"]
Bảng 1-1 Trạng thái trong nguyên lý số
¨ Nguyên lý tương tự (ArV_,Yfzb†T+liVam&`+V%RXleV
+†Ol‰R‰bƒfgVjV%'O•OŒ+*V'V%l_]
sb†&xliVam&`+V%RXleV+†O+Š_V%
+an+hlamO+‰j+(_R^"U! ]
Linh kiện Đại lượng vật lý Trạng thái 1 Trạng thái 2
‰iOlj+z 7•lj Œ#giO, d#S+iO,
/)—Š(+ (a}+‘+s •+i ^_+‘#l^_aW,
d+Z+(rff+_( 7•lj 7clj dbclj
"E
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
Bảng 1-2 Đại lượng biến thiên trong nguyên lý tương tự
"]"]: du
Lệnh máyYOiOlj+zOqr+sOŒ+‰‰&'+hOj+(hO+XP
lamOT++`PmPui OOVj(y+ln^+a}lamO*V'O“+~
#f+(O+_,rVjO•iYTrfg&Wrt‰+(r[Š
T+fgOŒRŽ$dr$dtB`O‰T+ŒbuVj+‘&–'Oqr
RTWfrT+&–$O]
Ngôn ngữ máyY`POOO“+~+i_du'l‰r_+XP&W
+slamO*V'du#rOŠVrrŠ,]
QX+OOdu(y+ln^&jOfzb†OpV'$Œ&'+›
i+]SOP†O&ylx'RŽOO+X+$XT++`PO“+~Wbƒfzb†n
+`PO“+~l•lamO[{bhrR+(_]`POOO“+~'Oœ+i_
+'T+du'Op+rf¢*V'duvO#/Š&ŠV, U/ O•+`PO“

+~lamO[{bhrR+(_Op+rf¢*V'du/"]
Chương trìnhY-T+b•OOO“+~d+^&jO+hOjT+j&†O†+‰
a+X'_lamO*V'Oan+(„#P(_(r,]
rOOl‰+s+'lamOOOOan+(„&X+RŽ/ Y
Cách thứ nhấtYlQ++r+X™O“+~+(_Oan+(„'RŽT+
b•+anlan•OOO“+~+(_du/"]X+•^+lamOT+Oan
+(„•+_'OOO“+~+TOdu/"]?rlŒ+s+hOjOan
+(„WRŽdu/"Ov$dP^Oan+(„OœRŽdu/ ]€
+`+'lamO*V'b~OrRb~OU_PVr+_#r+(rfVr+_,O•
Oan+(„+hOj&jO'lamO*V'(„Rb~OU_PVŠ(]
Cách thứ hai:V'&X+T+Oan+(„RŽdu/"OŒj&†V'O_
+s+'Oan+(„RŽdu/ ]ŒVyOan+(„/ V'bu
Vj&'_l*O&'$‰+(r+‘O“+~/ T+&'+hOjT+b•+anlanOO
O“+~/"T+OO+(hO+XP]O'$dl•ž&jO+(aWO+P^f(r
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Thiết bị Đại lượng vật lý
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
1.2 Lịch sử phát triển của máy tính
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
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Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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0
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên
Bài giảng Kiến trúc máy tính
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4
Tăng Cẩm Nhung, BM Kỹ thuật máy tính - Khoa Điện tử
Trường ĐH KTCN Thái Nguyên