PRINCIPLES OF TISSUE ENGINEERING 3RD EDITION - PART 1 pot

CONTRIBUTORS
Jon D. Ahlstrom
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology
University of California, Davis
Davis, CA 95616
Julie Albon
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences
Cardiff University
CF10 3NB Cardiff
UK
Richard A. Altschuler
Kresge Hearing Research Institute
University of Michigan
Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Anatomy &
Cell Biology
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506

A. Amendola
Department of Orthopedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52242
David J. Anderson
Kresge Hearing Research Institute
Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences
Department of Biomedical Engineering & Kresge Hearing
Research Institute
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506
Piero Anversa
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Anthony Atala
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, NC 27157
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, TX 77251-1892
François A. Auger
Laboratoire d’Organogénèse Expérimentale
Québec, Qc, G1S 4L8
Canada
Debra T. Auguste
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Claudia Bearzi
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Daniel Becker
International Center for Spinal Cord Injury
Kennedy-Krieger Institute
Baltimore, MD 21205
Francisco J. Bedoya
Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina
Regenerativa (Cabimer)
C/Américo Vespucio, s/n
41092 Isla de la Cartuja, Seville
Spain
Eugene Bell
TEI Biosciences Inc.
Department of Biology
Boston, MA 02127
Timothy Bertram
Tengion Inc.
Winston-Salem, NC 27103
Valérie Besnard
Division of Pulmonary Biology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039
Christopher J. Bettinger
Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02142
Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology/
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Paolo Bianco
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia
Universita “La Sapienza”
324-00161 Rome
Italy
Anne E. Bishop
Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine,
Section on Experimental Medicine & Toxicology
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
Hammersmith Campus
W12 ONN London
UK
FM_P370615.indd xixFM_P370615.indd xix 6/13/2007 11:03:26 AM6/13/2007 11:03:26 AM
C. Clare Blackburn
MRC/JDRF Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology
Institute for Stem Cell Research
University of Edinburgh
EH9 3JQ Edinburgh
UK
Michael P. Bohrer
New Jersey Center for Biomaterials
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Piscataway, NJ 08854
Roberto Bolli
Institute of Molecular Cardiology
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY 40292
Lawrence J. Bonassar
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
Jeffrey T. Borenstein
Biomedical Engineering Center
Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
Cambridge, MA, 02139
Michael E. Boulton
AMD Center
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX 77555-1106
Amy D. Bradshaw
Gazes Cardiac Research Institute
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC 29425
Christopher Breuer
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT 06510
Luke Brewster
Department of Surgery
Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, IL 60153
Eric M. Brey
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, IL 60616
and
Hines VA Hospital
Hines, IL 60141
Mairi Brittan
Institute of Cell & Molecular Science
Queen Mary’s University of London
E1 2AT London
UK
T. Brown
Department of Orthopedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine,
Iowa City, IA 52242
Scott P. Bruder
Johnson & Johnson Regenerative Therapeutics
Raynham, MA 02767
Joseph A. Buckwalter
Department of Orthopedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52242
Christopher Cannizzaro
Harvard-M.I.T. Division for Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Yilin Cao
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine
200011 Shanghai
P.R. China
Lamont Cathey
Department of General Surgery
Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, NC 28232
Thomas M. S. Chang
Department of Physiology
McGill University
Montréal, PQ, H3G 1Y6
Canada
Yunchao Chang
Division of Molecular Oncology
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, CA 92037
Robert G. Chapman
National Research Council
Institute for Nutrisciences and Health
Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3
Canada
Alice A. Chen
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Faye H. Chen
Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch
National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Diseases
National Institutes of Health

Bethesda, MD 20892-8022
xx CONTRIBUTORS
FM_P370615.indd xxFM_P370615.indd xx 6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM
Una Chen
Stem Cell Therapy Program
Medical Microbiology, AG Chen
University of Giessen
D-35394 Giessen
Germany
Richard A.F. Clark
Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Dermatology and
Medicine
Health Sciences Center
State University of New York
Stony Brook, NY 11794-8165
Clark K. Colton
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
George Cotsarelis
Department of Dermatology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Stephen C. Cowin
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The City College
New York, NY 10031
Ronald Crystal
Department of Genetic Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University

New York, NY 10021
Gislin Dagnelie
Lions Vision Center
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD 21205-2020
Jeffrey M. Davidson
Department of Medical Pathology
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37235-1604
and
Research Service
VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System
Nashville, TN 37212-2637
Thomas F. Deuel
Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Cell
Biology
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, CA 92037
Elizabeth Deweerd
Department of Ophthalmology
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
Cambridge, MA 02143
Gregory R. Dressler
Department of Pathology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
George C. Engelmayr, Jr.
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139

Carol A. Erickson
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
University of California, Davis
Davis, CA 95616
Thomas Eschenhagen
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
D-20246 Hamburg
Germany
Vincent Falanga
Boston University School of Medicine
Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery
Roger Williams Medical Center
Boston, MA 02118
Katie Faria
Organogenesis Inc.
Canton, MA 02021
Denise L. Faustman
Immunobiology Laboratory
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA 02129
Dario O. Fauza
Children’s Hospital Boston
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA 02115
Lino da Silva Ferreira
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139

and
Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology
University of Coimbra
3004-517 Coimbra
Portugal
and
Biocant Centro de Inovação em Biotecnologia
3060-197 Cantanhede
Portugal
Hanson K. Fong
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
College of Engineering
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
CONTRIBUTORS • xxi
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Peter Fong
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Yale University
New Haven, CT 06510
Lisa E. Freed
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
R.I. Freshney
Centre for Oncology and Applied Pharmacology
University of Glasgow
G12 8QQ Glasgow
UK
Mark E. Furth

Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Jeffrey Geesin
Johnson & Johnson Regenerative Therapeutics
Raynham, MA 02767
Sharon Gerecht
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
Lucie Germain
Laboratoire d’Organogénèse Expérimentale
Québec, Qc, G1S 4L8
Canada
Kaustabh Ghosh
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Health Sciences Center
State University of New York
Stony Brook, NY 11794-8165
William V. Giannobile
Michigan Center for Oral Health Research
University of Michigan School of Dentistry
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
Francine Goulet
Laboratoire d’Organogénèse Expérimentale
Québec, Qc, G1S 4L8
Canada
Maria B. Grant
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
University of Florida

Gainesville, FL 32610-0267
Warren Grayson
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Columbia University
New York, NY 10027
Howard P. Greisler
Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology,
Neurobiology and Anatomy
Loyola University Medical Center
Maywood, IL 60153
and
Hines VA Hospital
Hines, IL 60141
Farshid Guilak
Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, and
Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC 27710
Craig Halberstadt
Department of General Surgery
Carolinas Medical Center
Cannon Research Center
Charlotte, NC 28232-2861
Brendan Harley
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Kiki B. Hellman
The Hellman Group, LLC
Clarksburg, MD 20871

Abdelkrim Hmadcha
Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina
Regenerativa (Cabimer)
C/Américo Vespucio, s/n
41092 Isla de la Cartuja, Seville
Spain
Steve J. Hodges
Department of Urology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, NC 27157
Walter D. Holder
The Polyclinic
Seattle, WA 98122
Chantal E. Holy
Johnson & Johnson Regenerative Therapeutics
Raynham, MA 02767-0650
Toru Hosoda
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Pharmacobiology
Institute of Bioengineering
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
CH-1015 Lausanne
Switzerland
xxii CONTRIBUTORS
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H. David Humes

Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Donald E. Ingber
Vascular Biology Program
Departments of Pathology & Surgery
Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA 02115
Ana Jaklenec
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biotechnology
Brown University
Providence, RI 02912
Xingyu Jiang
National Center for NanoScience and Technology
100080 Beijing
China
Hee-Sook Jun
Rosalind Franklin Comprehensive Diabetes Center
Chicago Medical School
North Chicago, IL 60064
Jan Kajstura
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Ravi S. Kane
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, NY 12180

Jeffrey M. Karp
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge MA 02139
John Kay
Isotis, Inc.
Irvine, CA 92618
Ali Khademhosseini
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Cambridge, MA 02139
Salman R. Khetani
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Joachim Kohn
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Rutgers, The State University of New Jerscy
Piscataway, NJ 08854
Shaun M. Kunisaki
Department of Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA 02114
Matthew D. Kwan
Stanford University School of Medicine
Department of Surgery
Stanford, CA 94305-5148
Themis R. Kyriakides
Department of Pathology

Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT 06519
Eric Lagasse
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Department of Pathology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3130
Robert Langer
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02142
Douglas A. Lauffenburger
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Kuen Yong Lee
Department of Bioengineering
Hanyang University
133-791 Seoul
South Korea
Annarosa Leri
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
David W. Levine
Genzyme
Cambridge, MA 02142
Amy S. Lewis
Department of Chemical Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Wan-Ju Li
Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch
National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892-8022
CONTRIBUTORS • xxiii
FM_P370615.indd xxiiiFM_P370615.indd xxiii 6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM
Wei Liu
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine
200011 Shanghai
P.R. China
Michael T. Longaker
Stanford University School of Medicine
Department of Surgery
Stanford, CA 94305-5148
Ying Luo
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
Michael J. Lysaght
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biotechnology
Brown University
Providence, RI 02912
Nancy Ruth Manley
Department of Genetics
University of Georgia

Athens, GA 30602
Jonathan Mansbridge
Tecellact LLC
La Jolla, CA 92037
J.L. Marsh
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52242
David C. Martin
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
J.A. Martin
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52242
Manuela Martins-Green
Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience
University of California at Riverside
Riverside, CA 92521
Koichi Masuda
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry
Rush Medical College
Chicago, IL 60612
Robert L. Mauck
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA 19104
John W. McDonald, III
International Center for Spinal Cord Injury

Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore, MD 21205
Antonios G. Mikos
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, TX 77251-1892
Josef M. Miller
Kresge Hearing Research Institute
Department of Otolaryngology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506
David J. Mooney
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Harvard University
Boston, MA 02138
Malcolm A.S. Moore
Department of Cell Biology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, NY 10021
Matthew B. Murphy
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, TX 77251-1892
Robert M. Nerem
Georgia Institute of Technology
Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
Atlanta, GA 30332-0363
William Nikovits, Jr.
Division of Oncology
Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, CA 94305
Craig Scott Nowell
MRC/JDRF Centre Development in Stem Cell Biology
Institute for Stem Cell Research
University of Edinburgh
EH9 3JQ Edinburgh
UK
Bojana Obradovic
Department of Chemical Engineering
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
University of Belgrade
11000 Belgrade
Serbia
Bjorn R. Olsen
Department of Developmental Biology
Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Boston, MA 02115
xxiv CONTRIBUTORS
FM_P370615.indd xxivFM_P370615.indd xxiv 6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM
James M. Pachence
Veritas Medical Technologies, Inc.
Princeton, NJ 08540-5799
Hyoungshin Park
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Jason Park
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT 06510

M. Petreaca
Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience
University of California at Riverside
Riverside, CA 92521
Julia M. Polak
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine
Imperial College
South Kensington Campus
SW7 2AZ London
UK
A. Robin Poole
Joint Diseases Laboratory
Shiners Hospital for Crippled Children
Montréal, Qc, H3G 1A6
Canada
Christopher S. Potten
EpiStem Ltd.
M13 9XX Manchester
UK
Ales Prokop
Department of Chemical Engineering
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37235-1604
Milica Radisic
Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
University of Toronto
Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5
Canada

Yehoash Raphael
Kresge Hearing Research Institute
Department of Otolaryngology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648
A. Hari Reddi
Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration
University of California, Davis
UC Davis Health System
Sacramento, CA 95817
Herrmann Reichenspurner
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
D-20246 Hamburg
Germany
Ellen Richie
MD Anderson Cancer Center
University of Texas
Smithville, TX 78957
Pamela G. Robey
NIH/NIDCR
Bethesda, MD 20817-4320
Marcello Rota
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Jeffrey W. Ruberti
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Northeastern University

Boston, MA 02115
Alan J. Russell
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
E. Helene Sage
Hope Heart Program
The Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
Seattle, WA 98101
Rajiv Saigal
Medical Engineering
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
W. Mark Saltzman
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Yale University
New Haven, CT 06520-8267
Athanassios Sambanis
Georgia Institute of Technology
School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
Atlanta, GA 30332-0100
Jochen Schacht
Kresge Hearing Research Institute
Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Biochemistry
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506
CONTRIBUTORS • xxv
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Lori A. Setton

Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery
Duke University
Durham, NC 27708-0281
Upma Sharma
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, TX 77251-1892
Paul T. Sharpe
Department of Craniofacial Development
Dental Institute
Kings College London
Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge
SE1 9RT London
UK
Jonathan M.W. Slack
Stem Cell Institute
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Anthony J. Smith
School of Dentistry
University of Birmingham
B4 6NN Birmingham
UK
Martha J. Somerman
School of Dentistry
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Lin Song
Cartilage Biology and Orthopedics Branch
National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Diseases

National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892-8022
and
Stryker Orthopaedics
Mahwah, NJ 07430
Bernat Soria
Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina
Regenerativa (Cabimer)
C/Américo Vespucio, s/n
41092 Isla de la Cartuja, Seville
Spain
Frank E. Stockdale
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford Cancer Center
Department of Medicine
Division of Oncology
Stanford, CA 94305-5826
Lorenz Studer
Developmental Biology Program
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, NY 10021
Shuichi Takayama
Department of Biomedical Engineering
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
Juan R. Tejedo
Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina
Regenerativa (Cabimer)
C/Américo Vespucio, s/n
41092 Isla de la Cartuja, Seville

Spain
Vickery Trinkaus-Randall
Department of Biochemisty
Department of Ophthalmology
Boston University
Boston, MA 02118
Alan Trounson
Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories
Australian Stem Cell Centre
Monash University
Clayton, Victoria 3800
Australia
Rocky S. Tuan
Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch National Institute of
Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892-8022
Gregory H. Underhill
Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Konrad Urbanek
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
New York Medical College
Valhalla, NY 10595
Charles A. Vacanti
Harvard Medical School
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA 02114

Joseph Vacanti
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA 02114
F. Jerry Volenec
Johnson & Johnson Regenerative Therapeutics
Raynham, MA 02767
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Columbia University
New York, NY 10027
xxvi CONTRIBUTORS
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Lars U. Wahlberg
NsGene A/S
2750 Ballerup
Denmark
Derrick C. Wan
Stanford University School of Medicine
Department of Surgery
Stanford, CA 94305-5148
George M. Whitesides
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138
Jeffrey A. Whitsett
Division of Pulmonary Biology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039
James W. Wilson

EpiStem Ltd.
M13 9XX Manchester
UK
Stefan Worgall
Department of Pediatrics
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
New York, NY 10021
Mark E.K. Wong
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
University of Texas Health Science Center — Houston
Houston, TX 77030
Nicholas A. Wright
Institute of Cell & Molecular Science
Queen Mary’s University of London
E1 2AT London
UK
Ioannis V. Yannas
Division of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
Ji-Won Yoon
Rosalind Franklin Comprehensive Diabetes Center
Chicago Medical School
North Chicago, IL 60064
Simon Young
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, TX 77251-1892
Hai Zhang
Department of Restorative Dentistry

School of Dentistry
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Wenjie Zhang
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine
200011 Shanghai
P.R. China
Beth A. Zielinski
The Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and
Biotechnology
Brown University
Providence, RI, 02912
and
Biotechnology Manufacturing Program
Biotechnology and Clinical Laboratory Science Programs
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
University of Rhode Island
Feinstein College of Continuing Education
Providence, RI 02903
James D. Zieske
Schepen’s Eye Research Institute
and
Department of Opthalmology
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA 02114
Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
D-20246 Hamburg

Germany
Laurie Zoloth
Center for Bioethics, Science and Society
Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, IL 60611
CONTRIBUTORS • xxvii
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FOREWORD
Robert Langer
Since the mid-1980s, tissue engineering has moved from a concept to a very
signifi cant fi eld. Already we are at the point where numerous tissues, such as skin,
cartilage, bone, liver, blood vessels, and others, are in the clinic or even approved by
regulatory authorities. Many other tissues are being studied. In addition, the advent
of human embryonic stem cells has brought forth new sources of cells that may be
useful in a variety of areas of tissue engineering.
This third edition of Principles of Tissue Engineering examines a variety of impor-
tant areas. In the introductory section, an important overview on the history of tissue
engineering and the movement of engineered tissues into the clinic is examined. This
is followed by an analysis of important areas in cell growth and differentiation,
including aspects of molecular biology, extracellular matrix interactions, cell mor-
phogenesis, and gene expression and differentiation. Next, in vitro and in vivo control
of tissue and organ development is examined. Important aspects of tissue culture
and bioreactor design are covered, as are aspects of cell behavior and control by
growth factors and cell mechanics. Models for tissue engineering are also examined.
This includes mathematical models that can be used to predict important phenom-
ena in tissue engineering and related medical devices. The involvement of bioma-
terials in tissue engineering is also addressed. Important aspects of polymers,
extracellular matrix, materials processing, novel polymers such as biodegradable
polymers as well as micro- and nano-fabricated scaffolds and three-dimensional

scaffolds are discussed. Tissue and cell transplantation, including methods of
im munoisolation, immunomodulation, and even transplantation in the fetus, are
analyzed.
As mentioned earlier, stem cells have become an important part of tissue engi-
neering. As such, important coverage of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and
postnatal stem cells is included. Gene therapy is another important area, and both
general aspects of gene therapy as well as intracellular delivery of genes and drugs
to cells and tissues are discussed. Various important engineered tissues, including
breast-tissue engineering, tissues of the cardiovascular systems, such as myocar-
dium, blood vessels, and heart valves, endocrine organs, such as the pancreas and
the thymus, are discussed, as are tissues of the gastrointestinal system, such as liver
and the alimentary tract. Important aspects of the hematopoietic system are ana-
lyzed, as is the engineering of the kidney and genitourinary system.
Much attention is devoted to the muscular skeletal system, including bone and
cartilage regeneration and tendon and ligament placement. The nervous system is
also discussed, including brain implants and the spinal cord. This is followed by a
discussion of the eye, where corneal replacement and vision enhancement systems
are examined. Oral and dental applications are also discussed, as are the respiratory
system and skin. The concluding sections of the book cover clinical experience in
such areas as cartilage, bone, skin, and cardiovascular systems as well as the bladder.
Finally, regulatory and ethical considerations are examined.
In sum, the 86 chapters of this third edition of Principles of Tissue Engineering
examine the important advances in the burgeoning fi eld of tissue engineering. This
volume will be very useful for scientists, engineers, and clinicians engaging in this
important new area of science and medicine.
FM_P370615.indd xxixFM_P370615.indd xxix 6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM6/13/2007 11:03:27 AM