The grammar of the english verb phrase part 122 pps

840 Index
128Ϫ129, 152Ϫ153, 156Ϫ157, 159,
178, 200, 367, 374, 392, 395, 402Ϫ
404, 420Ϫ421, 423Ϫ424, 438, 444Ϫ
448, 460, 501, 505, 507Ϫ516, 520Ϫ
523, 534, 569, 661Ϫ666, 689, 698,
704, 712Ϫ720, 724, 726Ϫ727, 731Ϫ
736, 744Ϫ748, 755
past represented speech 388, 390Ϫ392,
394, 395Ϫ397, 401, 413, 436, 451,
469, 471, 521, 542, 555, 698, 719
past subdomain 159, 435, 449, 491,
502, 666
past subjunctive 16
past temporal domain see past domain
past tense 16, 22Ϫ25, 27, 64, 96Ϫ101,
109, 127Ϫ129, 148, 152Ϫ156, 163Ϫ
166, 193Ϫ208, 213, 242, 244, 249Ϫ
250, 275, 293Ϫ295, 301Ϫ302, 315Ϫ
333, 365, 372Ϫ374, 383Ϫ428, 437Ϫ
438, 444, 446Ϫ451, 454Ϫ456, 460Ϫ
471, 477, 479Ϫ480, 490Ϫ492, 501Ϫ
503, 505Ϫ506, 514, 520Ϫ521, 523,
533, 568, 573, 578Ϫ584, 586Ϫ587,
589Ϫ633, 655, 661, 665Ϫ670, 677Ϫ
678, 680Ϫ681, 692
Ϫ699, 707, 711Ϫ
716, 718Ϫ719, 722, 724Ϫ726, 730Ϫ
737, 745Ϫ749, 754Ϫ756
past time-sphere 147Ϫ148, 150Ϫ152,
200, 319, 370Ϫ372, 374, 444Ϫ457,

518, 580
past time-sphere domain see past do-
main
past time-sphere tenses 152, 166, 170,
200, 207, 421, 424, 438, 469, 568,
681, 704, 730
past time-zone 169Ϫ170, 178, 213,
295, 371, 382, 484, 525, 573, 598,
652, 721 (see also past time-sphere)
past zone see past time-zone
past zone adverbial 598
perfect see perfect tenses, present per-
fect
perfect aspect 37Ϫ38, 109
perfect gerund 18
perfect infinitive 17, 98
perfect of experience 245Ϫ250, 274Ϫ
275, 303, 463Ϫ464, 614, 713Ϫ714
perfect tense see perfect tenses, pres-
ent perfect
perfect tenses 24, 37Ϫ38, 143, 514
perfective aspect 28, 30Ϫ31, 38, 366
perfective meaning 28, 30, 34
performative sentence 74
performative speech act 174
periphrastic auxiliary 19Ϫ20
permanent habit 35, 52, 175, 227,
271Ϫ273, 277, 290, 477
phrase 12Ϫ13
pluperfect see double pluperfect, past

perfect
point of view 111, 452Ϫ453, 469, 511,
541, 557, 582Ϫ583, 717
possible world 78, 113, 122, 126, 235,
407, 541Ϫ543, 674 (see also inten-
sional domain)
posterior see posteriority
posteriority 25, 124Ϫ126, 369, 450Ϫ
458, 462Ϫ465, 476, 482, 489Ϫ490,
499Ϫ500, 575, 655Ϫ659, 664, 666Ϫ
670, 681, 694, 707, 720, 727Ϫ728,
733, 739Ϫ740, 747Ϫ748, 751Ϫ753,
757 (see also T-posteriority, W-posteri-
ority)
post-present see post-present zone
post-present domain 130, 153, 339,
345, 358, 380, 382, 384Ϫ385, 389,
408, 411, 482, 488Ϫ515, 518Ϫ520,
529Ϫ570, 646, 691, 699Ϫ703, 706,
713, 720, 725, 728, 730, 737, 740,
750, 756
post-present time-zone see post-pres-
ent zone
post-present zone 9Ϫ10, 148Ϫ150,
153, 181Ϫ188, 268Ϫ269, 335Ϫ360,
371Ϫ373, 377, 380Ϫ382, 387Ϫ389,
424, 488Ϫ515, 529Ϫ570, 581, 584Ϫ
585, 681, 700Ϫ702, 725Ϫ728, 739Ϫ
740, 743, 745Ϫ746, 749Ϫ750, 754Ϫ
756

potential full situation 144, 235, 364,
617
Index 841
predicate see predicate constituent
predicate constituent 13, 15, 20, 41Ϫ
43, 47Ϫ49, 55Ϫ56, 66
predicated situation 113Ϫ118, 138,
142, 164, 174, 196, 364Ϫ368
predicational {clause / meaning /
sentence} 260Ϫ262
predictability 103Ϫ105, 342, 350Ϫ351
prediction 103Ϫ105, 182Ϫ183, 337Ϫ
340, 342, 350, 355, 358Ϫ359, 388,
511, 539, 541Ϫ542, 544, 560, 737,
748, 750
preparatory phase 58Ϫ60
pre-present see pre-present zone
pre-present domain 378, 397Ϫ398,
459Ϫ485, 490, 493Ϫ494, 504, 519,
524Ϫ526, 698
pre-present situation 180Ϫ181, 254,
256, 271, 278, 281, 291, 460, 463Ϫ
464, 475, 524Ϫ525, 600, 620, 632
pre-present time-zone see pre-present
zone
pre-present zone 109Ϫ110, 148Ϫ153,
195Ϫ196, 200, 207, 212Ϫ216, 219Ϫ
229, 232Ϫ234, 238Ϫ247, 252Ϫ271,
277Ϫ292, 295, 302Ϫ305, 319, 323Ϫ
326, 370Ϫ372, 397Ϫ398, 424, 435,

459Ϫ485, 491, 493Ϫ494, 501
Ϫ502,
525Ϫ526, 576, 593, 597, 599Ϫ602,
608, 612Ϫ613, 624, 626, 677Ϫ678,
681Ϫ682, 704, 730, 745
pre-present-zone adverbial 593, 599Ϫ
603, 606, 630
present continuous (form) see pro-
gressive form
present domain 130, 173Ϫ175, 380,
485Ϫ486, 519
present gerund 18
present infinitive 17
present participle 17, 98, 162, 497
present perfect (tense) 24Ϫ25, 38, 97,
108Ϫ110, 143Ϫ144, 149Ϫ150, 188Ϫ
191, 200Ϫ201, 204Ϫ206, 209Ϫ332,
417Ϫ418, 444Ϫ445, 459Ϫ462, 464Ϫ
474, 476Ϫ482, 491, 493Ϫ494, 501,
503, 508Ϫ516, 526, 533, 536Ϫ537,
558, 589Ϫ633, 659, 677Ϫ678, 681Ϫ
682, 698, 703Ϫ706, 713, 730, 745,
749Ϫ750
present perfect continuous form see
progressive form
present subjunctive 16
present tense 22Ϫ25, 27Ϫ28, 96, 109Ϫ
112, 128, 130Ϫ131, 138Ϫ139, 147Ϫ
149, 152Ϫ153, 171Ϫ191, 240, 263,
267Ϫ

269, 297Ϫ298, 337, 357, 364,
380, 382, 384Ϫ385, 389, 396, 398,
408, 412Ϫ414, 423Ϫ425, 466Ϫ467,
470Ϫ471, 478, 480Ϫ490, 494Ϫ498,
500Ϫ502, 505Ϫ507, 512Ϫ514, 533,
535, 541, 550Ϫ552, 557Ϫ558, 561,
568Ϫ569, 577Ϫ578, 584, 609Ϫ611,
619, 621, 626, 645Ϫ646, 675Ϫ677,
680Ϫ682, 700Ϫ702, 705Ϫ706, 713,
720, 729Ϫ730, 749Ϫ750
present tenses see present time-sphere
tenses
present time-sphere 147Ϫ148, 150,
152, 159, 190, 195, 214Ϫ216, 250,
370Ϫ372, 423Ϫ425, 555
present time-sphere tenses 101, 152,
157, 176, 178, 190, 424, 555, 704
present time-zone see present zone
present zone 109, 148, 151Ϫ152, 371,
525, 583, 593, 629
presupposition 70Ϫ71, 143, 202, 247,
254, 258Ϫ263, 265, 267, 278, 282,
292, 294, 321Ϫ326, 328Ϫ329, 331Ϫ
332, 344, 352, 473, 543Ϫ546, 560, 673
preterite see past tense
Principle of Unmarked Temporal Inter-
pretation 427Ϫ
433
prior (to) see
anteriority

process 66Ϫ69, 186
process verb 68
progressive {aspect / form / meaning}
28Ϫ38, 46, 49Ϫ50, 56Ϫ61, 64Ϫ65,
68Ϫ69, 72, 76Ϫ78, 80Ϫ82, 96, 99,
108Ϫ109, 113, 115, 131, 135Ϫ136,
138, 162Ϫ163, 173Ϫ174, 183Ϫ186,
199, 220Ϫ221, 225, 231Ϫ232, 237Ϫ
240, 245, 250, 254, 267Ϫ269, 271Ϫ
842 Index
285, 288, 290, 343Ϫ344, 355Ϫ358,
412Ϫ414, 454, 615, 744
proposition 38Ϫ39, 74, 272, 322, 398,
541, 544Ϫ545, 553Ϫ554, 560
prospective meaning 564, 658Ϫ659,
668, 670, 727
pseudo-absolute-relative tense
form 519, 532
pseudo-absolute subdomain 490, 501
pseudo-absolute tense 26Ϫ27, 408,
411Ϫ412, 490Ϫ491, 493, 495Ϫ496,
498Ϫ499, 501Ϫ502, 519, 533Ϫ534,
750
pseudo-absolute time-zones see
pseudo-absolute zones
pseudo-absolute zones 489, 499
pseudo-cleft 260
pseudo-past subdomain 386, 435, 449,
461, 491Ϫ493, 502, 504, 506Ϫ507,
534

pseudo-past zone 159, 490, 526
pseudo-post-present subdomain 499
pseudo-post-present zone 499
pseudo-pre-present subdomain 490,
493Ϫ494, 507, 526, 534
pseudo-pre-present zone 472Ϫ473,
491, 493, 502, 504, 526
pseudo-present subdomain 534
pseudo-present time 474 (see also
pseudo-t
0
)
pseudo-sloppy simultaneity 648Ϫ649,
667Ϫ672
pseudo-t
0
26, 147, 411Ϫ412, 472,
489Ϫ495, 498Ϫ503, 506Ϫ510, 514,
526, 532Ϫ534, 537Ϫ538, 541 (see
also Pseudo-t
0
-System)
Pseudo-t
0
-System 519, 527, 533Ϫ570,
638, 646, 656, 675Ϫ676, 681, 689,
691Ϫ692, 700Ϫ702, 706, 709, 720,
725Ϫ526, 528, 737, 740, 743, 746,
749, 755Ϫ757
pseudo-zero-point see pseudo-t

0
punctual Adv-time 132, 135, 138,
140Ϫ141, 145, 167, 173, 197, 368,
398, 640 (see also punctual time-
specifying adverbial)
punctual situation 36, 45Ϫ47, 51, 55,
58Ϫ59, 65, 67, 127, 131, 138, 168,
173Ϫ175, 637 (see also punctual situ-
ation type)
punctual situation time 125, 131Ϫ133,
135Ϫ136, 138Ϫ142, 165Ϫ168, 175,
197, 378, 392, 394, 413Ϫ414, 508,
639Ϫ640, 646, 654
punctual situation type 50, 57Ϫ59, 70
punctual situation verb (phrase) 45Ϫ
47, 57Ϫ59, 61, 273
punctual time-specifying adverbial 132,
135Ϫ136, 140, 167, 398Ϫ401, 436,
616
punctual transition 59Ϫ60, 65, 70
punctual verb see punctual situation
verb
pure duration adverbial 133, 142Ϫ144,
167Ϫ168, 612, 614, 616, 618, 620,
631
pure future 103Ϫ105, 107, 337, 339Ϫ
340, 342Ϫ345, 352, 359Ϫ360
Q
quantificational constitution read-
ing 229, 232, 238, 246, 248, 252Ϫ

268, 282Ϫ286, 288, 290Ϫ293, 303,
317, 322, 326, 329, 331Ϫ332, 473,
478, 599Ϫ600, 613, 618Ϫ620, 627,
630
R
recency interpretation see recency
reading
recency reading 221, 231, 244, 249Ϫ
250, 265, 276, 297, 463, 467Ϫ469,
475, 477, 484, 524Ϫ525, 632
recent indefinite bygone time 623Ϫ625
recursivity 159, 170, 489, 502Ϫ503
referent 40
referential definite noun phrase 574
regular verb 23
relative-absolute deictic Adv-time 592
relative-absolute deictic time-specifying
adverbial 592
Index 843
relative deictic Adv-time 592
relative deictic time-specifying adver-
bial 591Ϫ592
relative past tense 124, 155Ϫ156,
372Ϫ374, 380, 383Ϫ424, 448Ϫ449,
461Ϫ467, 491Ϫ492, 501Ϫ502, 505Ϫ
506, 520, 523, 534, 579, 596, 655, 661,
677Ϫ678, 681, 689, 692Ϫ698, 722,
732Ϫ733, 735, 748
relative tense 25Ϫ27, 120Ϫ121, 153Ϫ
154, 156Ϫ158, 199, 372, 232, 372Ϫ

374, 377, 380, 383Ϫ424, 428, 432,
446Ϫ499, 467Ϫ468, 485Ϫ486, 490Ϫ
491, 501Ϫ502, 534, 575, 485Ϫ486,
652, 654, 656, 689Ϫ692, 695, 697Ϫ
699, 707Ϫ725, 737, 744, 747 (see also
absolute-relative tense, complex rela-
tive tense, conditional tense, condi-
tional perfect tense, past perfect tense,
pseudo-absolute-relative tense form,
relative past tense)
repetitive 28, 35Ϫ37, 46, 53Ϫ54, 58,
79Ϫ80, 238, 259, 271, 273, 462,
466Ϫ476, 483, 487, 595, 597Ϫ598,
613, 676Ϫ678, 681Ϫ682
replay comment 179
represented speech 388, 390Ϫ392, 394,
395Ϫ397, 401, 413, 436, 451, 469,
471, 521, 542, 555, 698, 719
restrictive when-clause 672
result see direct result, indirect result
resultative reading 248, 305Ϫ306, 510,
713, 724 (
see also direct result, indi-
rect result)
rhetorical question 181
root modality 39
S
scope 187Ϫ188, 244, 294, 616, 695
semantics of a tense 26Ϫ27, 119Ϫ121,
155, 176, 195, 202, 212Ϫ219, 222Ϫ

224, 228, 233, 295, 304, 369Ϫ370,
386, 396, 409, 420, 423, 449, 541
semelfactive aspect 28, 36, 277, 597
sentence 13Ϫ14
shift of domain 381Ϫ382, 393, 396,
574, 427, 432, 446, 464Ϫ465, 467Ϫ
468, 470, 475Ϫ485, 490, 495, 516,
518, 524Ϫ525, 695, 706, 720
shift of temporal domain see shift of
domain
shift of temporal focus 105, 466, 574,
577, 581Ϫ583, 585
shift of temporal perspective 129Ϫ130,
176, 180Ϫ181, 199, 337, 382, 424Ϫ
425, 461, 484, 489, 491, 501Ϫ502,
524Ϫ526, 533, 535, 551
shift the domain see shift of domain
simple situation-template 40Ϫ43, 47,
58
simultaneity 25, 123Ϫ125, 496 (see
also Adv-time-simultaneity, pseudo-
sloppy simultaneity, sloppy simulta-
neity, T-simultaneity, W-simultane-
ity)
since-adverbial 189, 191, 266, 600,
605Ϫ611 (see also since-clause)
since-clause 289, 447Ϫ448, 523, 600,
608Ϫ611
since-cleft 263, 447
single-zone adverbial 593

situation kind see situation type
situation-template 40Ϫ44, 47Ϫ48, 51,
55Ϫ56, 58, 60Ϫ61, 63Ϫ64, 66, 77Ϫ
78
situation time 95, 116Ϫ117, 365
situation-time adverbial 136Ϫ137,
638Ϫ641, 644, 649, 658, 662Ϫ667,
687Ϫ690, 698Ϫ699, 707, 716Ϫ723,
727, 745Ϫ750, 754
situation time of the after-clause 742Ϫ
751
situation time of the before-clause
687Ϫ692, 694, 696, 706Ϫ709, 713,
715, 718, 722, 725Ϫ728, 731, 733Ϫ
734
situation time of the until-clause 407,
739Ϫ741
situation time of the when-clause 122,
143, 393, 638, 641, 643Ϫ661, 664Ϫ
667, 670Ϫ672, 675, 677Ϫ678, 681
844 Index
situation time of the while-clause 294
situation type 12, 28Ϫ29, 41Ϫ45, 47Ϫ
51, 55Ϫ57, 59Ϫ61, 63Ϫ71, 77Ϫ78,
201, 229, 279
situation-unbounding adverbial constitu-
ent 600 (see also unbounding con-
stituent)
sloppy simultaneity 496Ϫ497, 560Ϫ
561, 647Ϫ648 (see also pseudo-

sloppy simultaneity)
Special Present Time-sphere Sys-
tem 176Ϫ188, 619, 675, 704Ϫ706,
729
specificational {clause / meaning /
sentence} 259Ϫ267, 312, 447, 544
state 45, 51Ϫ53, 66, 68
state verb 51
static situation see state
static situation verb see state verb
stem 23
strict coincidence 123Ϫ124, 369
strong intensional verb 554, 569
strong verb 23Ϫ24
subclause 14
subdomain 158Ϫ159, 383, 502Ϫ503
subject complement 21
subjunctive see present subjunctive,
past subjunctive
subordinate clause see subclause
subordinating conjunction 14
subsituation 34Ϫ36, 258Ϫ259
T
t
0
see temporal zero-point
t
0
-factual see factual at t
0

t
0
-nonfactual see not-yet-factual at t
0
T-anteriority 123Ϫ125, 369
T-binding see temporal binding
T-bygone 196
T-concept 368 (see also T-interpreta-
tion, T-relation)
telic 60Ϫ65, 68, 70Ϫ72, 75Ϫ82, 238,
254, 272Ϫ273, 278Ϫ279
telicizing constituent 63Ϫ64
telos 63
temporal adverbial 132Ϫ134 (see also
bifunctional adverbial, pure duration
adverbial, temporal clause, time-spec-
ifying adverbial)
temporal anchor see Anchor time
temporal binding 157Ϫ158, 374Ϫ375,
380, 516Ϫ522, 660Ϫ666
temporal clause see after-clause, be-
fore-clause, since-clause, until-
clause, when-clause, while-clause
temporal domain 119Ϫ121, 123Ϫ125,
153Ϫ159, 372Ϫ373, 376Ϫ382
temporal focus 511, 546, 571Ϫ573Ϫ
587 (see also actualization focus)
temporal interpretation see temporal
W-interpretation, T-interpretation
temporal subdomain see subdomain

temporal subordination see temporal
binding
temporal W-interpretation 122, 126Ϫ
127, 216Ϫ224, 252, 369
temporal zero-point 97Ϫ98, 110Ϫ112,
117, 138, 148, 173
temporary habit 35, 37, 271
Ϫ273
tense 22, 96
tense auxiliary 24Ϫ25
tense form 96
tense relation 122, 369 (see also T-ante-
riority, T-posteriority, T-simultane-
ity)
tense structure 96, 120, 214, 386
tensed verb form 15
tenseless see untensed
tentative 128Ϫ129, 568, 673Ϫ674
terminative 28, 32, 140Ϫ141, 168,
401, 744
time adverbial see temporal adverbial
time clause see temporal clause
time line 149, 154, 377
time of evaluation see evaluation time
time of orientation see orientation time
time of the full situation 116, 365 (see
also full situation)
time of the predicated situation see sit-
uation time
time of the situation see situation time

Index 845
time-specifying adverbial 132Ϫ138,
591Ϫ595, 603Ϫ605, 612, 619, 637,
650Ϫ651, 687, 750
time-sphere 147Ϫ152
time-zone 148Ϫ151, 370Ϫ372
T-interpretation 214Ϫ218, 369
T-posteriority 125, 369, 387Ϫ388,
450Ϫ458, 462Ϫ464, 499
transition reading 58Ϫ59, 68, 70Ϫ71
transitional event verb 45
transitional situation verb 46, 59
transitive verb 21
transparent interpretation 407, 469,
541, 554Ϫ555, 567, 695, 712, 717
T-relation 122, 369 (see also T-anteri-
ority, T-posteriority, T-simultaneity)
T-simultaneity 122Ϫ125, 377Ϫ378,
380, 383, 409, 414Ϫ416, 448Ϫ449,
486, 494Ϫ498
type of situation see situation type
U
unanchored time-specifying adver-
bial 398Ϫ401 (see also nondeictic
time-specifying adverbial)
unbounding constituent 80, 600
unembedded clause see independent
clause
unexpanded domain 155, 158, 373
unidirectional relation 378, 414Ϫ416

universal sentence 130Ϫ131
unmarked interpretation 259, 287, 342,
423, 514, 520, 576, 614Ϫ615, 647,
649Ϫ650, 660Ϫ661, 667, 714
unmarked orientation time 117
unmarked temporal focus 576Ϫ581,
583Ϫ585
unmarked temporal interpretation see
Principle of Unmarked Temporal In-
terpretation
unmarked tense 176, 179Ϫ180, 450,
502, 552, 561, 600, 668
unmarked up-to-now interpretation
see unmarked up-to-now reading
unmarked up-to-now reading 229, 232,
236Ϫ237, 240, 252Ϫ255, 277Ϫ281,
292Ϫ293, 478, 613, 618, 621
unreality see irrealis
unspecified orientation time 118, 368
untensed 15Ϫ17, 98Ϫ99
until-adverbial 80, 616Ϫ618, 740Ϫ741
(see also until-clause)
until-clause 406Ϫ407, 738Ϫ741
up-to-now interpretation see up-to-
now reading
up-to-now perfect 226, 460
up-to-now reading (of clause in the pres-
ent perfect) 216, 219, 222Ϫ223,
228Ϫ233, 251Ϫ270, 277Ϫ286, 289Ϫ
294, 445, 474Ϫ478, 613

utterance-explaining because-
clause 552Ϫ
253
V
value (of specificational sentence)
259Ϫ266 (see also specificational)
value constituent see value
vantage time 29, 33, 285, 344
variable (of specificational sentence)
259Ϫ263
variable constituent see variable
verb complement see complement
verb form 15Ϫ17, 19
verb of creation 298Ϫ300
verb of state see state verb
verb phrase 12Ϫ13, 15, 20, 41Ϫ45,
47Ϫ52, 57Ϫ68, 77Ϫ78, 81
W
W-anteriority 122, 126, 369Ϫ370, 479
W-bounded 73, 198, 224Ϫ226
W-bygone 196
W-concept 368 (see also W-interpreta-
tion, W-relation)
weak intensional verb 555
weak verb 23
wh-question 181, 254, 260Ϫ261, 322,
331Ϫ332
846 Index
when-clause 78, 122, 137, 143, 221,
275, 393, 635Ϫ681

while-clause 293Ϫ294, 477Ϫ478
W-interpretation see temporal W-inter-
pretation
W-nonbounded 235, 238
world relation see W-relation
W-posteriority 126, 385Ϫ389, 482,
517Ϫ518, 669, 720, 751Ϫ752
W-reading see temporal W-interpreta-
tion
W-relation 122, 126, 369Ϫ370, 378
(see also W-anteriority, W-posterior-
ity, W-simultaneity)
W-simultaneity 122, 126Ϫ127, 370,
377Ϫ379, 392Ϫ393, 395Ϫ397, 409,
427, 429Ϫ432, 462, 464Ϫ468, 471Ϫ
472, 480Ϫ481, 517Ϫ522, 579, 648Ϫ
649, 663Ϫ665
W-simultaneous domains 378, 429,
466, 471
Z
zero-conjunction 14
zero-point see temporal zero-point
zero-time see temporal zero-point
zone see time-zone
zone-independent adverbial 593Ϫ594,
596
zone-independent time-specifying adver-
bial see zone-independent adver-
bial