First certificate language practice part 28 potx

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Question tags • Sometimes a simple statement is too short and does not help the
conversation to develop in a friendly way.
You're French.
The other person does not know what to say. We can add a tag to the end of
the statement so that it becomes a question.
You're French, aren't you?
Now the other person knows that they have to reply and the conversation
can continue.
• Tags are formed using auxiliaries {do, be, have or a modal).
Helen lives here, doesn't she?
You left early, didn't you?
Jack was born in Italy, wasn't he?
You will help me, won't you?
Someone's got to pay, haven't they?
• A positive statement has a negative tag, and expects the answer Yes.
A: You agree with me, don't you?
B: Yes, I do.
A negative statement has a positive tag, and expects the answer No.
A: You don't take sugar, do you?
B: No, I don't.
It is possible for a positive tag to follow a positive statement, to express
interest, or ask for confirmation. This is less common.
So you like working here, do you?
Tags with will and won't can be used after imperatives.
Don't drive too fast, will you?
- Let's has a tag formed with shall.
Let's have a drink, shall we?
GRAMMAR 31 INVERSION AND QUESTION TAGS
Underline the most suitable words in each sentence.
a) Let's go to London next weekend, shall we/won't we?

b) You shouldn't have told me, did you/should you?
c) Jim hasn't been waiting long, was he/has he?
d) You won't tell anyone about this, do you/will you?
e) You're not doing what I told you, do you/are you?
f) Answer the phone for me, will you/do you?
g) George can't have noticed, can he/has he?
h) You've got to leave now, don't you/haven't you?
i) Pam and Tim got married last year, didn't they/haven't they?
j) I don't think John's very friendly, does he/is he?
2 Add suitable question tags. (Do not use positive tags for positive statements.)
a) Don't leave anything behind, will you ?
b) David is bringing some wine, ?
c) You'll be home before midnight, ?
d) Harry was working in Bristol then, ?
e) Nobody knows who invented the wheel, ?
f) You don't need me any more, ?
g) The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot, ?
h) Let's invite the Smiths from next door, ?
i) You aren't too busy to talk, ?
j) Jean owns a restaurant, ?
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FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
3 Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
a) Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
Not only was Tony late, but he had left all his books behind.
b) I had no sooner gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell.
No sooner
c) I have seldom stayed in a worse hotel.
Seldom '.
d) I have never heard such nonsense!

Never
e) I realised only then that I had lost my keys.
Only then
f) The economic situation has rarely been worse.
Rarely
g) The manager not once offered us an apology.
Not once
h) You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances
i) I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
Only after seeing Hamlet
j) The embassy staff little realised that Ted was a secret agent.
Little
4 Rewrite each sentence so that it begins with the word or words in italics.
a) The best time to buy a house is now.
b) The bus came round the comer.
c) The price of petrol went up.
d) The Parthenon stands on the top of the Acropolis.
e) The wheels of the engine went round and round.
f) Winston Churchill lived in this house.
g) The flag went down.
h) The best part of the story comes now.
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GRAMMAR 31 INVERSION AND QUESTION TAGS
1) A are you B is it
C do you
D isn't it
2)
A No sooner B After
C Not only D As soon as

3)
A that
B but
C and
D than
4)
A Not only B Seldom
C Not once
D Only then
5)
A than B but
C so
D and
6)
A can't I B won't I C will I D can I
7) A It goes B Goes it
C Goes there
D There goes
8)
A isn't it B haven't you
C didn't you
D don't you
9)
A do we
B don't it C shall we
D aren't we
10)
A don't you
B isn't it C can't you D won't you
11)

A on comes B comes on
C it comes on
D comes it on
12) A does it
B should it C shouldn't it D won't it
13) A isn't it B don't you
C can't you
D can't it
14) A Not only B Only then C Never D Under no circumstances
15)
A isn't it B are you C don't you D aren't you
Key points
1 In formal speech and writing it is possible to use inversion after negative
adverbs. The adverb has to be at the beginning of the sentence or clause.
2 Intonation carries important meaning in question tags. Rising tags are
questions, falling tags are checking information.
(question)
(checking)
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5 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
Asking for advice
You don't happen to know how this computer works, (1) C. ?
(2) had I bought it (3) I regretted spending so much
money! I haven't even got an instruction manual. (4) did I
completely fail to understand the instructions, (5) then I
accidentally threw the manual away. Now I'll never understand it,
(6) , I said to myself. (7) my weekend, I thought, but
then I remembered you. You've done a course on computers, (8) ?
Let's look at it together, (9) , and try to understand it. You press
this button first, (10) ? Then (11) this little light,

and a message that says 'Error'. It shouldn't do that, (12) ? You
can fix it, (13) ? Don't do that! This label says: '(14)
should an unqualified person remove this panel'. Well, you are unqualified,
(15) ? What do you mean, do it yourself!
Explanations
• Because, as and since
As and since have the meaning of because and can begin a sentence.
As/since it was late, we decided to go home.
In formal, written language we can use for to mean because, but it cannot
begin a sentence.
Peter has given up sailing, for he doesn't have the time.
• Because of, on account of, due to and owing to
We can use all these words in place of because of.
Everyone was depressed on account of/due to/owing to the bad weather.
Note this difference:
Sue's success was due to her hard work. (noun + be + due to)
Sue succeeded owing to her hard work. (verb + owing to)
Grammar 13 and the first part of this unit cover linking words that join clauses
within a sentence. There are also linking words that join ideas across sentences
and paragraphs. These are sometimes called 'text organizers' because they make
clear the organization of what we say or write. They are more common in
writing or formal speech. They usually come at the start of a sentence and have
a comma afterwards, but can come after a comma in the middle of a sentence.
• Sequencing
We often number or order the points we are making.
First (of all) , Secondly , Next , Then , Finally/lastly/last of all
In narrative, the sequence of events can be introduced by:
First , Then , After that , Finally/in the end
• Adding
We can introduce additional points.

Furthermore , Moreover , In addition to , As well as this ,
Besides this
• Giving opinions
We can introduce personal opinions.
Personally , In my own opinion/view
• Giving examples
We can introduce examples.
For example , For instance
We can also use such as to give an example, but it is not used at the
beginning of a sentence.
The factory produces electrical goods, such as food mixers and other kitchen
appliances.
Text organizers
Reason
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GRAMMAR 32 LINKING WORDS 2
• Showing a result
Grammar 13 gave some informal ways to show a result. Formal ways include:
Consequently , As a result , Thus
• Making a contrast
Grammar 13 gave some informal ways to make a contrast. Formal ways
include:
On the other hand , However , Nevertheless , In contrast ,
In comparison
• Summarizing
We can summarize all the points we have made.
In conclusion , To sum up
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FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence.

a) Many people feel nervous about flying, and worry about the possibility of an
accident. Furthermore/However, according to statistics, flying is actually safer
than walking down the street.
b) Our local supermarket no longer opens every day, as/on account of very few
people live in our village.
c) There are a number of objections to the planned motorway. As well as
this/First of all, the new road will destroy valuable farming land. In contrast/In
addition to this, it will bring thousands of vehicles and tourists. As a result/For
example, our peaceful way of life will be destroyed forever.
d) We conducted a survey of accommodation in the town, and came up with
some interesting results. The hotels we saw were rather expensive, and
consequently/moreover the actual facilities on offer were not always impressive.
Besides this/In contrast, there were many guest houses, offering just bed and
breakfast, which were not only good value but also had much better rooms
than the hotels did. Finally/Personally, I would recommend The Oaks, a
particularly impressive guest house in Long Harbour Road.
e) Owing to/Since the increased demand for parking spaces, the company has
decided to enlarge the car park. Consequently/Nevertheless the exit road on the
west side of the car park will be closed from Monday to allow building work
to begin.
2 Put one suitable word in each space.
a) In conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your help.
b) it's too late to finish the work today, we'll come back
tomorrow.
c) The flight was delayed a result of the high winds.
d) This radio is expensive, but the other hand it has very good
reception.
e) First all, I would like to welcome you to our annual dinner.
f) John is a hard worker. As as this, he is completely reliable.
g) Science has not entirely changed the way we think instance,

we still speak of the 'sunrise' although we know it is the Earth that is
moving.
h) Although this building project seems attractive, in my it would
be a mistake to spend so much money on it.
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