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Pound, Roscoe, 794
Pribram, Karl, 85, 412
Price, Langford Lovell Frederick, 1089
Price, Richard, 254, 327
Price, W.H., 345
Priestley, Joseph, 131, 132
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 139, 457
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 182, 185, 305, 308

Quesnay, François, and natural law, 138, 228, 229;
and Smith, 192, 236;
income analysis, 213, 235, 287–8;
monetary theory, 216, 234;
and Petty, 218;
and Cantillon, 218, 220, 222–3;
value theory, 220, 234, 302;
tableau économique, 222–3, 239–43, 278, 391;
life sketch, 224–5;
on natural order, 229;
on agriculture, 229–30;
on laissez-faire, 230–31;
single-tax, 230–32;
as scientific economist, 232;
and utilitarianism, 233;
perfect competition in, 233;
harmonism, 234;
population theory, 234, 256n, 257, 266, 274;
wage theory, 234, 266, 569, 664;
interest theory, 234;
capital theory, 235–7, 323–4, 564, 632, 667;
rent theory, 238;


‘produit net,’ 237–9;
on high prices and prosperity, 287;
savings, 287;
as model-builder, 562, 632;
and Marx, 238, 566n;
and Ricardo, 569;
and underconsumption crisis theory, 740n;
macroanalysis and, 997
Quetelet, Adolph, 525, 960

Rae, John (1796–1872), 237, 468–9, 519, 530, 639, 648, 654, 846, 931, 939
Rae, John (1845–1915), 181
Raguet, Condy, 743
Ramsay, Sir George, 486, 488–9, 556
Ratzel, Friedrich, 788
Rau, Karl Heinrich, 503, 740
Raven, Charles Earle, 461
Raymond, Daniel, 199, 519
Read, Samuel, 486, 488, 556, 560, 639
Refuge, see Du Refuge, Eustache
Index of authors 1202
Renan, Ernst, 772
Rhodes, Edmond Cecil, 859
Ribot, Théodule Armand, 799
Ricardo, David, and utilitarianism, 408, 471;
life sketch, 470;
had no philosophy or sociology, 471;
narrowness of theoretical interest, 472–3;
reasons for success, 473, 478;
as builder of theoretical analysis, 474, 478, 480, 598;

analysis as a detour, 474, 560, 568, 673n;
guide to Principles, 475;
Ricardian school, 475–80;
influence outside England, 478–9, 849;
on general gluts and crises, 538–9, 740, 741;
on justice, 547n;
population theory, 581, 653, 682–3;
technological change, 584–5, 646, 682–5;
Say’s Law and, 621, 625
Distribution theory:
as relative share theory, 483, 592;
divorce of production theory from, 543, 568;
class antagonism in, 553–4;
tendencies in long-run shares, 553–4;
model of, 568–70;
identification of economics with, 568–9
Economic development theory:
West and, 476;
tendencies in long-run shares, 553–4;
pessimistic theory of, 570–72;
falling interest rate, 652–4;
and Marx’s, 653n
Filiations with:
Cantillon, 220;
Galiani, 302;
Smith, 188, 189, 191, 194, 310, 472, 482, 484, 668–9;
Bailey, 486–7, 599, 679;
Carey, 517–18;
Cournot, 959;
Malthus, 483, 484, 536n, 538–9, 581, 625n, 653;

Marx, 390, 596–8, 653n, 682n, 685–7;
Mill, 529, 726;
Rossi, 509n;
Say, 621, 654;
Senior, 484, 486, 576, 637;
Sismondi, 493–4;
Thornton, 688n, 733, 735, 736–7, 1107;
Torrens, 490;
Böhm-Bawerk, 846;
Jevons, 902–3;
Keynes, 473n, 1171;
Marshall, 484, 837, 921, 934, 1079;
Menger, 827, 934;
Index of authors 1203
Roscher, 741;
Taussig, 871
Interest theory:
money supply and, 332;
as bulk of profits, 647;
exploitation theory, 649, 653n;
abstinence, 649n, 660;
residual theory, 649n, 652–3;
divergence of real and monetary rates, 1118
International trade theory:
comparative cost, 373–4, 490, 607–8, 612;
free trade, 473, 625n;
immobility of labor in, 606;
and real value, 610;
and value theory, 611–15;
specialization of production in, 614;

international finance, 733, 735–7, 1107
Methodology:
Ricardian Vice, 473, 541, 618, 653n, 668, 1171;
comparative statics, 494–5, 682–3;
failure to specify institutional assumptions, 544;
classes in analysis, 553;
stationary state in, 562–4;
macroanalysis, 997–8
Monetary theory:
policy recommendations, 473;
publications on, 688n;
on war inflation, 688;
gold bullion plan, 693, 712n, 1079;
as a metallist, 699–700;
quantity theory, 703–4, 724, 737;
as a detour in monetary analysis, 703n;
bullionist argument in, 708–12;
on silver standard, 715n;
parachute effect in bimetallism, 717n;
on credit creation, 722, 724;
on gold circulation, 1076;
banking theory, 1112
Production theory:
divorce of distribution theory from, 543, 568;
entrepreneur in, 556;
3-factor schema, 559–60;
model of, 568–70;
competition in, 592;
marginal firm, 673;
capital theory, 634, 635–6, 637, 668, 682, 745n, 902–3

Profits theory:
innovation profits, 646;
interest as bulk of profits, 647;
and Marx’s, 682n;
population and, 682–3;
technological unemployment, 682–5;
Index of authors 1204
theory of compensation, 683;
underrating of mechanization, 684;
real value approach, 684–5;
savings and, 685;
Marx’s acceptance of, 685–7;
marginal profits, 721
Rent theory:
and Smith’s, 191;
extensive margin, 259;
Anderson’s as precursor, 263, 264–6, 676n;
West and, 476;
Torrens and, 490;
Carey’s criticism, 517–18;
Malthus and, 536n, 677;
inability to discuss in isolation, 569, 673, 675–6;
diminishing returns and, 584–5, 653, 673, 822n, 1032;
intensive margin, 587;
rent concept, 671;
elimination of land from value problem, 673, 675–6, 868;
denial of marginal productivity, 674n;
location and differential fertility, 675;
urban rent, 675n;
Mill’s defense of, 676;

Longfield’s criticism, 677;
quasi-rent in, 671n, 678–9;
Bailey’s criticism, 679;
in neo-classical period, 933–4;
Menger’s criticism, 934;
Marshall’s defense, 674n, 934
Value theory:
misunderstood Smith’s, 188, 310;
and Cantillon’s land theory, 220;
use vs. exchange value, 300, 912n;
Galiani as precursor, 302;
overthrow of utility theory, 302, 1054;
labor-quantity theory, 310, 559–60, 590–96, 612, 668–9;
on invariant numéraire, 591;
real value, 591–2, 598, 610, 684–5;
utility and, 592;
scarcity and, 592;
equilibrium in, 592;
on supply-demand theory, 592, 601;
long-run normal vs. market price, 593;
and marginal utility theory, 593;
periods of investment and, 594–5, 597, 636, 638;
cost-of-production theory, 594–5, 600;
Ricardo Effect, 595, 637;
and Marx’s 596–8;
and international trade theory, 611–15;
and rent theory, 673, 675–6, 868
Wage theory:
and Smith’s, 189;
Index of authors 1205

wage-fund, 266, 681–5;
as manual labor theory, 553;
use of market to value types of labor, 593–4;
minimum of existence theorem, 664–5;
effect of capital increase in, 668
Ricca-Salerno, Giuseppe, 205
Ricci, Umberto, 979, 1156
Rickert, Heinrich, 507, 777, 818
Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich, 427
Rietz, H.L., 1093, 1165
Ripley, William Zebina, 873
Rist, C., 320, 689, 718, 843, 1104, 1117
Robbins, L., 863, 890, 989, 1046, 1071
Roberts, Hazel van Dyke, 216
Roberts, John, 156
Roberts, Ĺewes, 156
Robertson, Dennis Holme, 656, 833, 1046–8, 1084, 1116, 1127–8, 1134, 1178, 1183
Robertson, Hector Menteith, 80
Robinson, Joan, 15, 61, 243, 279, 474, 650, 885, 938, 977, 985, 1046, 1048, 1050, 1142, 1149,
1151–2, 1172
Roche-Agussol, Maurice, 1058
Rodbertus, Johann Karl, 478, 504, 506, 705, 740, 750, 933, 1097
Rodriquez Villa, Antonio, 203
Roesler, Carl Friedrich Hermann, 671
Rogers, Arthur George Liddon, 275
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold, 782, 821
Rooke, John, 475, 674
Roos, Charles F., 1160
Roover, Raymond de, 78, 343
Roscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich, 95, 210, 284, 290, 381, 421, 423, 442, 459, 465, 504, 507–8,

519, 535, 540, 543, 546, 699–700, 741, 808–9, 850, 1086, 1176
Rosenstein-Rodan, P.N., 1056
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 793
Rossi, P.L.E., 216, 382, 479, 496–7, 510
Rössig, Karl, 159
Rotteck, Karl von, 424, 432
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 110, 139, 389
Rowe, John Wilkinson Foster, 941
Roy, René, 958
Ruskin, John, 403, 411
Russell, Bertrand, 779
Russell, Henry Benajah, 1076
Ryazanov, D., 387

Sadler, Michael Thomas, 583
Saint-Pierre, Charles Irénée Castel, 204
Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de, 415, 418, 440, 455, 460–62, 528, 542
Salin, Edgar, 55, 413
Samsonoff, B., 939
Samuelson, Paul A., 39, 912, 968, 1009, 1028, 1040–41, 1053, 1063, 1067, 1069, 1073, 1148–9,
1161, 1176, 1179, 1182–3
Index of authors 1206
Saumaise, Claude de (Salmasius), 106
Savary, Jacques, 156
Savary des Bruslons, Jacques, 157
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von, 423–4
Say, Jean Baptiste, equilibrium theory, 189, 511, 623;
Smith and, 189, 491, 492;
Cantillon and, 222, 492, 625;
value theory, 234, 249, 302, 600, 602, 1054;

and Quesnay, 234;
distribution theory, 249, 644;
and Turgot, 249, 492, 625;
and monetary analyses, 282n;
and Ricardo, 474n, 654;
Ricardians on, 491;
Marx on, 491, 628;
economic liberalism, 492;
followers of, 496–7, 841;
and Rossi, 496–7, 509n;
influence in United States, 515;
and Mill, 529–30, 569, 621–2, 654;
definition of political economy, 535;
entrepreneur in, 555, 557, 645–6;
triad of factors, 560, 561;
generalization of land into natural agents, 560n;
economics as experimental science, 576;
Marshall and, 622;
Malthus and, 622–3;
Keynes and, 624;
definition of wealth, 626;
interest theory, 654;
wage theory, 663;
rent theory, 677;
monetary theory, 710n;
on business cycle and crises, 739–40;
and Walras, 828, 1010n
Say, Léon, 248, 841
Sayers, R.S., 690, 711, 716
Scaruffi, Gasparo, 292

Schäffle, Albert, 459, 509, 788
Schams, Ewald, 381
Scheler, Max, 33
Schelle, Gustave, 225–6, 244, 248, 249
Schlesinger, Karl, 979, 1014, 1037, 1082, 1106
Schlettwein, Johann August, 224, 227
Schmidt, Max Georg, 787
Schmoller, Gustav von, 418, 442, 452, 507, 539, 628, 783, 786, 809–14, 816–18, 820, 822, 824,
849, 855
Schneider, Erich, 466, 1028, 1043
Schreiber, Edmund, 83
Schröder, Wilhelm von, 283
Schultz, Henry, 876, 962, 1035, 1040, 1044, 1063
Schulze-Gaevernitz, Gerhart von, 850, 853
Index of authors 1207
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 44, 144n, 347n, 819n, 871n, 929n, 1135n, 1153n, 1154n, 1169n, 1173n
Schweicker, Wolfgang, 156
Scialoja, Antonio, 510–12
Scitovszky, T.de, 1072
Scott, W.R., 128, 181, 183–4, 187
Scrofani, Saverio, 373
Scrope, George Poulett, 486, 489–90, 526, 639, 648, 659, 701, 713
Seckendorff, Veit Ludwig von, 168
Sée, Henri Eugène, 123
Seeley, Sir John Robert, 432
Seligman, Edwin R.A., 198, 311, 343–5, 362, 464, 475, 478, 486, 488, 490, 514, 519, 599, 873,
946, 954, 1055
Sempere y Guarinos, J., 165, 168, 326, 510
Senior, Nassau William, first incumbent of Oxford economics chair, 382;
work on Poor Law Amendment Act, 401;

and marginal utility, 463n, 600, 1054;
and Whately, 483–4;
Mill and, 484, 530, 569, 654;
attempt to unify theory, 484, 575–88;
value theory, 484, 600, 602, 1054;
interest theory, 484, 659;
and Ricardo, 484, 485, 576, 637–8;
Marx’s attack on, 486n, 640;
definition of political economy, 535;
on economists’ policy recommendations, 540;
exclusion of entrepreneur, 556;
3-factor schema in, 560;
abstinence theory of capital, 469, 484, 584, 632, 637–40, 659, 846, 926;
four postulates of theory, 575–88, 638, 659;
diminishing returns, 584–8, 672;
on population, 578, 889;
real value of labor power, 596;
supply-demand analysis, 602;
wealth concept, 625n, 626;
productive vs. unproductive consumption, 631n;
rent theory, 672;
monetary theory, 699–701, 702, 722;
and Walras, 758;
wage theory, 939n;
and Böhm-Bawerk, 939n
Sensini, Guido, 938
Serra, Antonio, 194, 258, 353–8, 361, 365
Serres, Oliver de, 158
Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of, 127, 128
Shaftesbury, 7th Earl of, 401

Shaw, William Arthur, 1080
Shirras, G.F., 874
Shove, G.F., 834, 836, 885, 1046, 1048, 1152
Sidgwick, Henry, 408, 433, 533, 540, 671, 772, 805–6, 830, 940
Sigwart, Christoph von, 777
Silberling, Norman John, 690
Silio, Guglielmo, 179
Index of authors 1208
Simiand, François, 820
Simmel, Georg, 776, 785, 793
Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de, 474, 481, 491, 493–6, 535–6, 539, 544, 554, 572,
616, 621, 627, 640, 663, 681, 740–42, 837
Slutsky, Eugen, 1063–4, 1148
Small, Albion Woodbury, 159
Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations, 38, 52, 60, 63, 169, 184, 185–94, 468–9, 511;
and scholasticism, 94, 182;
ethics of, 129–30, 182;
Theory of Moral Sentiments, 129–30, 182;
moral philosophy, 141;
inability to unify social sciences, 142;
on corporations, 150, 545;
on state management, 153n;
as consultant administrator, 161;
on laissez-faire, 172;
public finance, 164n, 186, 205;
and utilitarianism, 180;
life sketch, 181–2;
income concept, 183;
and physiocrats, 184, 236–7, 323–4;
and natural liberty, 184n, 185;

and 18th-century psychologism, 186;
on mercantilism, 186–7, 335, 337n, 361–2;
division of labor, 187–8, 214;
value theory, 188–9, 300, 307–11, 482, 557–8, 590–91, 673n, 912n, 1000n;
labor as numéraire, 188, 310, 482, 1087;
equilibrium theory, 189, 557;
capital, savings, and investment, 191–3, 236–7, 323–4, 324–5, 389, 630, 634, 635, 639, 642,
659, 660, 667, 723;
monetary theory, 191, 193, 290, 312, 315, 720, 731;
neglect of ‘political arithmetick,’ 212;
increasing and diminishing returns, 259, 585;
on population, 257;
banking, 278, 731;
role in defeat of monetary analysis, 282n;
cheapness-and-plenty doctrine, 286, 1129n;
on free coinage, 298;
on luxuries, 324n;
international trade theory, 367, 374, 376, 607, 733;
inadequate acknowledgment of others’ work, 474;
and cameralist tradition, 501;
3-factor schema, 554;
stationary state analysis, 562–3;
wealth as flow concept, 626, 628;
unproductive vs. productive labor, 629–30;
in neo-classical period, 892, 920;
entrepreneur in, 555
Distribution theory: 557–8, 567–8;
interest theory, 193, 331, 333–4, 647, 648–9, 654, 658, 660, 720;
profit theory, 190–91, 268, 331, 333–4;
rent theory, 190–91, 264–5, 268, 671n, 672;

Index of authors 1209
wage theory, 111, 189–90, 268–70, 654, 663, 664, 667, 668
Filiations with:
Aristotle, 60, 63;
Hutcheson, 128n, 141, 182, 183;
Campomanes, 173;
Steuart, 176;
Beccaria, 179–80, 248;
Turgot, 248;
Quesnay, 236–7, 323–4;
Gioja, 511;
Marx, 389;
Mill, 545;
Say, 492;
Ricardo, 474n, 673n;
Sismondi, 493n;
Thornton, 706;
Marshall, 833–5, 837;
Menger, 827;
Walras, 1010n;
Wicksell, 723
Smith, Henry, 747, 750, 1132
Smith, Vera C., 695
Smithies, Arthur, 949, 1176, 1183
Snyder, Carl, 1096
Soden, Friedrich, 501, 505
Soetbeer, Adolf Georg, 1080
Somary, Felix, 1111
Sombart, W., 792, 805, 815–18, 820, 1154
Somers, Harold M., 1164, 1179

Somerville, John, 1158
Sommarin, Emil, 863
Sommer, Louise, 159
Sonnenfels, Joseph von, 171, 174, 375
Sorel, Georges, 774
Sorokin, Pitirim, 794
Soto, Domingo de, 95, 101, 110, 272
Souchon, Auguste, 54
Spann, Othmar, 85, 412–14, 785, 793, 855, 1139, 1154
Spearman, Charles, 797
Spencer, Herbert, 415, 444–5, 447, 773, 789
Spengler, Joseph John, 254, 584, 890
Spiethoff, Arthur, 804, 815–17, 1126–7, 1154, 1164
Spinoza, Baruch, 126
Sraffa, Piero, 124, 1046–7, 1150–52
Stackelberg, H.von, 976, 980, 982, 1012, 1044, 1153
Stahl, Friederick Julius, 283, 431
Stangeland, Charles Emil, 254
Steffen, Gustaf Frederik, 793
Stein, Lorenz von, 440, 508, 850
Stephen, Sir Leslie, 116, 123, 132, 407
Stephens, W.Walker, 248
Stern, William, 796
Index of authors 1210
Sternberg, Fritz, 881–2, 1132
Steuart, Sir James, 176, 178, 250, 255, 259, 261, 263, 267, 293–4, 296–7, 346, 349–50, 375, 474,
535, 586, 706
Stevens, S.S., 1058
Stewart, Dugold, 185, 728
Stieda, Wilhelm, 159

Stigler, George J., 590, 849, 869, 886, 910, 913, 916, 941, 1032–3, 1035, 1038, 1040–41, 1046,
1053
Stolper, W.F., 1158
Stone, Richard, 962
Storch, H.von, 502, 519, 535, 627, 641
Stourm, René, 402
Strachey, G.Lytton, 123
Struve, Pierre, 107
Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, Duc de, 169
Sumner, William Graham, 865–7, 1080
Supino, Camillo, 345, 1111
Süssmilch, Johann Peter, 212, 255
Sweezy, A.R., 1064
Sweezy, Paul, 239, 242, 347, 392, 442, 566, 651, 747, 851, 881–2, 884–5, 976, 1132

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius, 67
Tagliacozzo, Giorgio, 136, 177, 194, 205, 293, 300
Taine, H A., 123, 772, 782, 820
Talbot, A., 216
Tarde, Gabriel, 793
Tarello, Camillo, 158
Taussig, Frank William, 471, 479, 636, 668, 732–3, 847, 866–7, 870–71, 904, 940–41, 1107
Tawney, Richard Henry, 80, 166
Taylor, Fred Manville, 874
Taylor, Henry Charles, 874
Taylor, Overton H., 107, 442
Taylor, William George Langworthy, 1116
Tchebycheff, P.L.de, 448
Tchernychevsky, N.G., 633
Teilhac, Ernest, 500, 515, 865

Temple, William, 254
Temple, Sir William, 158, 254
Teutophilus, Christianus, 203
Thesaurus, Caspar Antonius, 100
Thiers, Louis Adolphe, 426
Thomas, Brinley, 862, 1085
Thomas, Elbert Duncan, 53
Thomasius, Christian, 117
Thompson, Herbert Metford, 941
Thompson, James Westfall, 83
Thompson, John M., 907
Thompson, Thomas Perronet, 672, 713
Thompson, William, 479, 506, 583, 596
Thorndike, Edward Lee, 796–7
Thornton, Henry, 689, 696, 698, 700, 702, 704, 707–9, 713, 715, 718–24, 730, 733, 735–6, 1107
Index of authors 1211

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