NTC''''s Pocket Dictionary of Words and Phrases part 34 docx

→ have a vested interest in
something
→ in
someone’s
(own) (best)
interests
→ in the interest(s) of
something
→ of interest (to
someone
)
→ pique
someone’s
interest
interesting ["In tr@s tIN] adj. caus-
ing interest or curiosity; worthy of
interest; keeping someone’s inter-
est. (Adv: interestingly.)
interestingly ["In tr@s tIN li] 1. adv.
in a way that causes or keeps
someone’s interest.
2. adv.
strangely; curiously.
interfere [In t# "fIr] iv. to get
involved [with something that is
private or restricted].
interfere with
someone or some-
thing
to create an interruption; to
disturb someone; to disturb the

operation of something.
interference [In t# "fIr @ns] 1. n.
interfering; serving as a problem;
getting involved and making one-
self a bother. (No plural.)
2. n. an
electronic disturbance that pre-
vents the clear reception of a radio
or television signal. (No plural.)
interim n. the time in between
events; the meantime; the mean-
while; an interval.
→
in the interim (between
things
)
interior [In "tIr i #] 1. n. a part or
surface that is within something; a
part or surface that is inside of
something.
2. n. the area within
something; the space that is inside
something.
3. the adj. use of Q or
W.
interj. an abbreviation of interjec-
tion.
interjection [In t# "dZEk S@n] n. a
word, expression, or phrase that is
used to express something with

force or emotion. (Abbreviated
interj. here.)
intermediate [In t# "mid i It] adj.
between two stages, levels, sizes,
weights, etc. (Adv: intermediately.)
intermission [In t# "mI S@n] n. a
pause between the parts of a play,
movie, opera, or other perform-
ance.
international [In t# "nAS @ n@l]
1. adj. of or about two or more
countries; between two countries;
among three or more countries.
(Adv: internationally.)
2. adj.
global; in all nations. (Adv: inter-
nationally.)
Internet ["In t# nEt] n. a digital
system of high-speed global com-
munication and data transfer. (No
plural. Not a proper noun, but
usually capitalized. Can be short-
ened to
Net.)
interrog. an abbreviation of inter-
rogative.
interrogative [In t@ "rag @ tIv] n. a
word or expression used to ask a
question. (
Who, what, when,

where, why,
and how are the most
common
interrogatives. Abbrevi-
ated interrog. here.)
interrupt [In t@ "r^pt] 1. iv. to
break into a conversation; to start
talking while someone else is talk-
ing.
2. tv. to stop the flow or
movement of something; to stop
something temporarily.
interruption [In t@ "r^p S@n] 1. n.
interrupting; stopping and inter-
fering in a conversation or an
activity.
2. n. a break in the flow of
something.
interesting
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intersection [In t# "sEk S@n] 1. n. a
junction of two or more roads,
streets, highways, etc.; a place
where roads or streets come
together or cross.
2. n. the point at
which two or more things join.
interval ["In t# v@l] 1. n. a period

of time between two events.
2. n.
the distance between two points in
a series of points.
3. n. the dis-
tance between two musical tones.
→
at regular intervals
intervene in
something
to get
involved in something.
interview ["In t# vju] 1. n. a meet-
ing between an employer and a job
seeker, where the employer asks
questions of the job seeker.
2. n. a
meeting where a reporter asks
questions of someone.
3. tv. to ask
questions of someone, possibly
about employment; to make direct
inquiries of someone.
4. tv. to ask
questions of someone for a televi-
sion or radio program, a newspa-
per or magazine article, etc.
intestine [In "tEs tIn] n. the tube or
channel between the stomach and
the rectum. (Often plural with the

same meaning.)
into ["In tu] 1. prep. to the inner
part of something; to the interior
of something.
2. prep. up against
someone or something.
3. prep.
interested in something. (Infor-
mal.)
in(to) a jam in(to) a difficult situa-
tion.
into being into existence.
into
someone’s
clutches in(to) the
control of someone who has
power or authority over someone
else.
intransitive verb [In "trAn s@ tIv
"v#b
] n. a verb not taking a direct
object. (Abbreviated iv. here.)
introduce [In tr@ "dus] tv. to estab-
lish something; to bring some-
thing into use; to make something
known or familiar to someone.
introduce
someone
(to
someone

)
to present someone to someone
else when they meet for the first
time.
introduce
someone
to
something
to show someone something for
the first time.
introduction [In tr@ "d^k S@n] 1. n.
an instance of presenting one per-
son to another person.
2. n. mak-
ing the availability of something
known to people.
3. n. the part of
a book, chapter, or lecture that
comes at the beginning and
explains its purpose.
4. n. the basic
and important information about
a subject.
intrude (up)on
someone or some-
thing
to encroach on someone or
something or on matters that con-
cern only someone or something.
intrusion [In "tru Z@n] 1. n. enter-

ing into a situation where one is
not wanted; a visit that is not wel-
come.
2. n. breaking into a house
or other building.
invasion [In "ve Z@n] 1. n. a mili-
tary attack.
2. n. the attack and
spread of something bad or dan-
gerous. (Figurative on Q.)
an
invasion of privacy an intru-
sion that results in the loss of
someone’s privacy.
invasion of privacy
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invent [In "vEnt] 1. tv. to create
something that has never been
made before.
2. tv. to make up a
story, an excuse, or a lie. (Figura-
tive on Q.)
invention [In "vEn S@n] 1. n. the
creation of a new device; the pro-
duction of a new machine or a
new process. (No plural.)
2. n. a
new device; something that has

been created for the first time.
inventor [In "vEn t#] n. someone
who
invents Q something; some-
one who has invented something.
inventory ["In v@n tor i] 1. n. goods
and supplies on hand or stored in a
warehouse; stock waiting to be
sold. (No plural form.)
2. n. a list
showing the number of each item
that has been packed, received,
shipped, etc.
→
take inventory
invest in
someone or something
to
put resources into someone or
something in hopes of increasing
the value of the person or thing.
invest
someone
with
something
to
endow someone with something,
such as power or privilege.
invest (
someone’s

) time in
some-
thing
to put one’s time, effort, or
energy into a project.
invest (
something
in
someone or
something
to give something such
as money or guidance to someone
or something.
investment [In "vEst m@nt] n.
money that is assigned to a proj-
ect, stocks, a bank account, etc.,
with the hope and expectation of
profit.
investor [In "vEs t#] n. someone
who puts money into an invest-
ment.
invitation [In vI "te S@n] n. a writ-
ten, printed, or spoken statement
asking someone to attend an event
or to do something.
invite
someone
in(to
someplace
)

to bid or request someone to enter
a place.
invite
someone
out to ask someone
out on a date.
invite
someone
over (for
some-
thing
) to bid or request someone
to come to one’s house for some-
thing, such as a meal, party, chat,
cards, etc.
invoice ["In voIs] 1. n. a bill; a doc-
ument showing how much money
is owed for goods or services.
2. tv.
to present someone or a business
firm with Q.
irk ["#k] tv. to annoy, upset, or irri-
tate someone.
iron ["aI#n] 1. n. an element that is
a common metal, used to make
steel. (No plural.)
2. n. a small
device with a flat metal bottom,
heated and used to press the wrin-
kles out of cloth.

3. adj. made
from Q.
4. tv. to smooth the
wrinkles out of clothes with W.
→
have too many irons in the fire
→ strike while the iron is hot
iron
something
out 1. to use an
iron to make cloth flat or smooth.
2. to ease a problem; to smooth
out a problem. (Figurative. Here
problem is synonymous with
wrinkle.)
irony ["aI r@ ni] 1. n. using words in
a funny or sarcastic way to create a
invent
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meaning opposite from their com-
bined literal meaning in a funny or
sarcastic way. (No plural.)
2. n. an
event that has the opposite result
of what was planned or expected.
irradiate [I "red i et] tv. to treat
something with radiation; to treat
food with radiation to keep it

from spoiling.
irreg. an abbreviation of irregular
R.
irregular [Ir "rEg j@ l#] 1. adj. not
regular; oddly shaped; uneven.
(Adv: irregularly.)
2. adj. happen-
ing at differing intervals of time;
not happening regularly. (Adv:
irregularly.)
3. adj. different from
what is normal, and therefore
unacceptable. (Euphemistic.)
4. adj. [of the form of a noun,
verb, adjective, or adverb] not
regular in the way it changes form,
such as with the plural, past tense,
comparative, or superlative.
(Abbreviated irreg. here. Adv:
irregularly.)
irritate ["Ir I tet] 1. tv. to cause a
part of the body to become red or
swollen.
2. tv. to bother or annoy
someone or something.
irritation [Ir I "te S@n] 1. n. a
bother; something that irritates.
2. n. the condition of being sore or
itchy; soreness or tenderness of
skin or other body tissues. (Plural

only for types and instances.)
is [Iz] iv. a form of be, used in the
present tense of the third-person
singular, that is, with he, she, it,
and singular nouns. (Reduced to ’s
in contractions.)
island ["aI l@nd] 1. n. a piece of
land surrounded by water and
smaller than a continent.
2. n.
something that is completely sur-
rounded by something else. (Figu-
rative on Q.)
→
desert island
isle ["aIl] n. an island.
isn’t ["Iz @nt] cont. is not.
isolate ["aI s@ let] tv. to keep some-
one or something separate from
other people or things; to separate
someone or something from other
people or things.
isolation [aI s@ "le S@n] n. the state
of being isolated; keeping some-
one or something away from other
people or things. (No plural.)
issue ["I Su] 1. n. one of a set of
publications that are available reg-
ularly.
2. n. the number of stamps

or magazines printed at one time.
3. n. a topic; the topic being dis-
cussed; a concern.
4. tv. to assign
something to someone; to supply
something to someone.
5. tv. to
speak or utter a command; to
deliver or publish a written com-
mand or order.
6. tv. to publish a
magazine, bulletin, newsletter, or
newspaper.
issue a call for
something
to make
an invitation or request for some-
thing.
it [It] 1. pron. a form referring to
something that is not human; a
form referring to a plant, an ani-
mal, or something that is not liv-
ing. (However,
it is sometimes
used to refer to a baby or a small
child. See also
its and itself. The
plural is
they.) 2. pron. a form
used as the subject of a sentence

it
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where there is no real actor or
doer. (Usually with the verb
be,
but with others also.)
3. n. the
player who must find or chase
everyone else in various children’s
games.
itch ["ItS] 1. n. a feeling on the skin
that makes one want to scratch.
2. iv. [for the skin] to have Q.
→
have an itch for
something
→ have an itching palm
→ have an itch to
do something
itchy ["ItS i] adj. with the feeling of
itching; constantly itching.
(Comp: itchier; sup: itchiest.)
→
have an itchy palm
it’d ["It Id] 1. cont. it would. 2. cont.
it had, where
had is an auxiliary.
item ["aI t@m] n. one thing that is

part of a list or a series; a unit; a
piece of information; a piece of
news.
it’ll ["It @l] cont. it will.
it’s ["Its] 1. cont. it is. (Compare
this with
its.) 2. cont. it has. (This
has is an auxiliary. Compare this
with
its.)
its ["Its] pron. the possessive form
of
it; belonging to it. (Compare
this with
it’s.)
itself [It "sElf] 1. pron. the reflexive
form of
it. 2. pron. an emphatic
form of
it. (Follows the nominal
that is being emphasized.)
→
blow itself out
→ burn (itself) out
→ by itself
→ an end in itself
→ lend
oneself or itself
to
something

→ speaks for itself
iv. an abbreviation of intransitive
verb
.
I’ve ["aIv] cont. I have. (This have is
an auxiliary.)
ivory ["aI vri] 1. n. the hard, white
substance of which an elephant’s
tusk is made. (No plural.)
2. n. the
color of Q.
3. the adj. use of Q or
W.
→
live in an ivory tower
ivy ["aIv i] n. a plant that holds onto
walls, trees, etc., and climbs as it
grows. (Plural only for types and
instances.)
itch
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jack ["dZAk] 1. n. a device used to
lift heavy things off the ground,
especially to push up a car wheel
in order to change a tire.
2. n. [in a
deck of playing cards] a card that
has a picture of a young man on it

and is signified by the letter J.
jack
something
up to push some-
thing up with a
jack.
jacket ["dZAk It] 1. n. a light coat;
the light coat that is part of a suit.
2. n. a covering for a book or a
sound recording.
→
life jacket
jack-of-all-trades someone who
can do several different jobs
instead of specializing in one.
jail ["dZel] 1. n. a building where
criminals are locked up or where
people are locked up while waiting
for a trial.
2. tv. to put someone in
Q; to order someone to spend
time in Q.
jam ["dZAm] 1. n. a sweet food
made by boiling fruit and sugar
until it is thick. (Plural only for
types and instances.)
2. tv. to
cause something to become stuck;
to force something to fit some-
place.

3. iv. to become stuck; to be
unable to work properly because
something is stuck; to be unable to
move because something is stuck.
→
in(to) a jam
→ traffic jam
janitor ["dZAn I t#] n. someone
who cleans and takes care of a
building.
January ["dZAn ju Er I] Go to
month.
jar ["dZar] 1. n. a container with a
wide, circular top, usually made of
glass or clay, and usually without
handles.
2. n. the contents of Q.
3. tv. to hit (lightly) or shake
someone or something.
jaw ["dZO] 1. n. the upper or lower
bones that form the mouth and
support the teeth.
2. n. one of the
two parts of a device that holds
something tight, such as a vise or
pliers.
jawbone ["dZO bon] n. the upper or
especially, the lower bones that
form the mouth and support the
teeth.

jazz ["dZAz] 1. n. a style of music
characterized by its rhythms, har-
mony, and the creative ways its
players work together while it is
being played. (No plural.)
2. the
adj. use of Q.
jazz
something
up to make some-
thing more exciting or livelier.
jealous ["dZEl @s] adj. not liking
anyone who, one believes, might
try to take away one’s things or the
people one loves. (Adv: jealously.)
jealousy ["dZEl @ si] n. the condi-
tion of being jealous; not liking
someone who has something one
wants. (No plural.)
jeans ["dZinz] n. a pair of cloth
pants, often dark blue, made of
sturdy material. (Treated as plural.
Number is expressed by pair(s) of
jeans.)
jelly ["dZEl i] 1. n. a soft food that is
made by boiling fruit juice and
sugar together and is often spread
on bread. (Plural only for types
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and instances.) 2. adj. made with
Q.
jeopardy ["dZEp # di] phr. a state of
risk or hazard.
→
in jeopardy
jerk ["dZ#k] 1. n. a sudden push or
pull of the muscles; a movement
made when something starts or
stops quickly.
2. tv. to push or pull
someone or something suddenly.
3. iv. to move with Q; make a
movement like Q.
jerk
something
away (from
some-
one or something
) to grab some-
thing away or pull something back
from someone or some creature.
jerk
something
off ((of)

someone
or something
) to grab something
off someone or something.
jerk
something
out (of
someone or
something
) to pull something out
of someone or something, quickly.
jerk
something
up 1. to pull some-
thing up quickly.
2. to lift up
something, such as ears, quickly.
jet ["dZEt] 1. n. a stream of air,
water, steam, or another fluid that
is shot out from a small opening at
high pressure.
2. n. an airplane
that moves at high speed using
engines similar to a rocket. (Short
for
jet plane.) 3. iv. [for water,
steam, or another fluid] to form a
stream by being forced out of a
small opening under pressure.
4. iv. to travel by W. 5. tv. to cause

water, steam, or another fluid to
form a stream by forcing it out of
a small opening under pressure.
jet engine ["dZEt "En dZ@n] n. an
engine powered by
jet propulsion.
jet plane ["dZEt "plen] n. a high-
speed plane; a plane that has one
or more jet engines. (Can be
shortened to
jet.)
jet propulsion ["dZEt pr@ "p^l S@n]
n. a means of pushing something
forward by forcing a jet out of the
back. (No plural.)
jet-black ["dZEt "blAk] adj. deep,
shiny black in color.
jewel ["dZu @l] n. a gem; a valuable
stone; a piece of jewelry.
jeweler ["dZu (@) l#] n. someone
who deals in watches, valuable
gems, and precious metals.
jewelry ["dZu (@)l ri] n. objects usu-
ally made of valuable metals or
stones, such as rings, earrings,
necklaces, bracelets, and pins. (No
plural. Treated as singular. Num-
ber is expressed with piece(s) of
jewelry.)
jiggle ["dZIg @l] 1. tv. to move

someone or something up and
down or from side to side.
2. iv. to
move up and down or from side to
side.
jingle ["dZIN g@l] 1. n. the ringing
noise of metal objects gently hit-
ting together; the noise of a small
bell being struck.
2. n. a tune or
song used in advertising.
3. tv. to
make ringing noises by hitting
metal objects together.
4. iv. [for
metal objects] to make noises
when struck together; [for a small
bell] to make a noise when shaken.
job ["dZab] 1. n. a career; an occu-
pation; regular employment.
2. n.
a task; a duty; a responsibility; a
piece of work.
3. n. the perform-
ance or result of one’s work.
jeopardy
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→ fall down on the job

job lot a mixed collection of vary-
ing quality. (Informal.)
jockey for position to try to push
or work one’s way into an advanta-
geous position at the expense of
others.
jockey
someone or something
into
position to manage to get some-
one or something into a chosen
position.
jog ["dZOg] 1. n. a slow, gentle run
usually done for exercise; a
[human] trot.
2. n. a bend to the
right or the left; something that
causes a line not to be straight.
3. iv. to exercise by running
slowly.
jog
someone’s
memory to stimu-
late someone’s memory to recall
something.
jogger ["dZOg #] n. someone who
exercises by jogging.
Johnny-come-lately someone
who joins in (something) after it is
already under way.

Johnny-on-the-spot someone
who is in the right place at the
right time.
join ["dZoIn] 1. iv. to come
together; to connect; to unite.
2. tv. to connect someone or
something to someone or some-
thing else; to unite people or
things into a single unit.
3. tv. to
enroll in a club, class, the military,
or some other organization; to
become a member of an organiza-
tion.
join hands [for people] to hold
hands so that each person is hold-
ing the hands of two other people;
[for two people] to hold each
other’s hands.
Join the club! an expression indi-
cating that the person spoken to is
in the same, or a similar, unfortu-
nate state as the speaker. (Infor-
mal.)
join the fray and jump into the
fray to join the fight or argument.
join up to become part of some
organization.
join ((up) with
someone or some-

thing
) to bring oneself into associ-
ation with someone or something.
joint ["dZoInt] 1. n. a place where
two things, especially bones, join.
2. adj. (Adv: jointly.) done or
owned together; joined; united.
→
put
someone’s
nose out of joint
joke ["dZok] 1. n. something said or
done to make people laugh, espe-
cially a short story told to make
people laugh.
2. tv. to say some-
thing in a teasing or playful man-
ner; to say something that is meant
to be funny. (The object is a clause
with
that U.) 3. iv. to tell Q; to
kid or tease [someone]; to say or
do things that are meant to be
funny.
→
all joking aside
→ crack a joke
→ no joke
→ play a joke on
someone

→ a standing joke
jolt
someone
out of
something
to
startle someone out of a period of
relaxation or distraction.
jot
something
down to make a note
of something.
journal ["dZ# nl] 1. n. a diary; a
book where one writes down one’s
feelings, thoughts, or activities.
journal
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2. n. a magazine, periodical, or
scholarly publication.
journey ["dZ#n i] 1. n. a trip; a voy-
age.
2. iv. to travel.
joy ["dZoI] 1. n. extreme pleasure or
happiness. (No plural.)
2. n.
someone or something that causes
extreme pleasure or happiness.
→

burst with joy
→ leap for joy
joyful ["dZoI f@l] 1. adj. [of some-
one] full of joy; extremely happy;
very glad. (Adv: joyfully.)
2. adj.
[for something] causing joy; caus-
ing extreme happiness.
joyous ["dZoI @s] adj. full of joy;
extremely happy; very glad. (Adv:
joyously.)
judge ["dZ^dZ] 1. n. an official who
hears and settles cases in a court of
law and who presides over trials.
2. n. someone who helps decide
the winner of a contest or compe-
tition.
3. tv. to hear and settle a
case in a court of law; to preside
over a trial in a court of law.
4. tv.
to help decide the winner of a con-
test or competition.
5. tv. to state
an opinion about someone or
something; to evaluate someone or
something.
6. tv. to estimate
something; to make a guess that
something will happen. (The

object is a clause with
that U.)
→
(as) sober as a judge
judgment ["dZ^dZ m@nt] 1. n. the
ability to make the proper deci-
sions; the ability to judge. (No plu-
ral.)
2. n. the result of judging; the
decision made by a judge or a jury.
3. n. an opinion. (No plural.)
juggle ["dZ^g @l] 1. tv. to keep three
or more objects moving through
the air by catching and throwing
them in a circle.
2. tv. to deal with
several things at the same time.
3. iv. to toss objects in the air as in
Q.
juice ["dZus] n. the liquid part of
fruit, vegetables, or meat. (Plural
only for types and instances.)
→
stew in
one’s
own juice
July [dZ@ "laI] Go to month.
jumbo ["dZ^m bo] adj. extra large;
larger than regular.
jump ["dZ^mp] 1. iv. to leap up; to

spring up; to push off the ground
with one’s legs.
2. iv. to move sud-
denly, as if surprised or scared.
3. iv. to go up sharply; to increase
sharply; to rise sharply. (Figurative
on Q.)
4. tv. to start a car by con-
necting its battery to another car’s
battery.
5. n. a leap off the ground;
a leap off the ground and over,
through, or across something.
6. n. a sudden rise; an increase.
(Figurative on T.)
→
get the jump on
someone
jump in((to)
something
) to leap
into something, such as water, a
bed, a problem, etc.
jump into the fray Go to join the
fray.
jump off ((of)
something
) to leap
off something.
jump off the deep end Go to go

off the deep end.
jump off the deep end (over
someone or something
) to get
deeply involved with someone or
something. (Often refers to
romantic involvement.)
jump on the bandwagon Go to
get on the bandwagon.
journey
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jump out of
one’s
skin to react
strongly to a shock or surprise.
jump out of
something
to leap
from something.
jump over
something
to leap over
or across something.
jump the gun to start before the
starting signal.
jump the track 1. [for something]
to fall or jump off its rails or
guides. (Usually said about a

train.)
2. to change suddenly from
one thing, thought, plan, or activ-
ity to another.
jump to conclusions to move too
quickly to a conclusion; to form a
conclusion from too little evi-
dence. (Idiomatic.)
jump up (on
someone or some-
thing
) to leap upward onto some-
one or something.
jumping-off point a point or place
from which to begin a venture.
junction ["dZ^Nk S@n] n. a place
where two or more things come
together, especially the place
where roads or train tracks come
together or cross.
June ["dZun] Go to month.
jungle ["dZ^N g@l] n. a tropical for-
est of thick, lush plant growth,
usually near the equator.
junior ["dZun j#] 1. n. someone
who is younger or who has a lower
rank or position than someone
else.
2. n. a student in the third
year of high school (11th grade)

or the third year of college.
3. adj.
of or about someone who is
younger or who has a lower rank
or position.
4. adj. of or about the
third year of high school or col-
lege. (Prenominal only.)
junk ["dZ^Nk] 1. n. things that are
worthless; things that should be
thrown away. (No plural.)
2. tv. to
throw something away.
jury ["dZ# i] 1. n. a group of people
who listen to evidence at a trial in
a court of law and make a decision
about the truth of the facts of the
case.
2. the adj. use of Q.
just ["dZ^st] 1. adj. fair; not biased;
honest; right; in accordance with
the law. (Adv: justly.)
2. adj. as
someone deserves; appropriate.
(Adv: justly.)
3. adv. only. 4. adv.
barely; by a small amount.
5. adv.
exactly [the right amount and no
more].

→
get
one’s
just deserts
→ get
one’s
just reward(s)
→ stop (just) short (of
something
)
Just a minute! Wait only a short
time!; Wait a short period of time!
just so
1.
in perfect order; neat and
tidy.
2. Just so! Precisely right!;
Quite right!
just what the doctor ordered
exactly what is required, especially
for health or comfort.
justice ["dZ^s tIs] 1. n. the quality
or condition of being just; fairness,
especially in a court of law. (No
plural.)
2. n. the administration of
law; the practice of law within the
court system. (No plural.)
3. n. a
judge. (Also a title and term of

address.)
→ a
travesty of justice
→ miscarriage of justice
→ poetic justice
justice
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