Chapter 004. Screening and Prevention of Disease (Kỳ 3) pot

Chapter 004. Screening and
Prevention of Disease
(Kỳ 3)

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides
recommendations for evidence-based screening (Table 4-3). In addition to these
population-based guidelines, it is reasonable to consider family and social history
to identify individuals with special risk (www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstfix.htm). For
example, when there is a significant family history of breast, colon, or prostate
cancer, it is prudent to initiate screening about 10 years before the age when the
youngest family member developed cancer. Screening should also be considered
for many other common disorders pending the development of further evidence.
Three examples are screening for diabetes (using fasting blood glucose), domestic
violence, and coronary artery disease in intermediate-risk asymptomatic
individuals.
Table 4-3 Clinical Preventive Services for Normal-
Risk Adults
Recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Test or
Disorder
Population,
a

Years
Frequency

Chapter
Reference
Blood pressure,
height and weight

>18 Periodically

74
Cholesterol Men > 35
Women > 45
Every 5
years
Every 5
years
235
Diabetes >45
or earlier,
if there are additional
risk factors
Every 3
years
338
Pap smear
b

Within 3 years
of onset of sexual
Every 1–
3
years
78
activity or 21–65
Chlamydia Women 18–25

Every 1–

2
years
169
Mammography
a


Women > 40 Every 1–
2
years
78, 86
Colorectal
cancer
a


>50 78, 87

fecal occult
blood and/or
Every year
sigmoidoscopy
or

Every 5
years

colonoscopy
Every 10
years

Osteoporosis
Women > 65;
>60 at risk
Periodically

318
Abdominal
aortic aneurysm
(ultrasound)
Men 65–
75
who have e
ver
smoked
Once
Alcohol use >18 Periodically

356
Vision, hearing >65 Periodically

22, 30
Adult
immunization
116, 117

Tetanus-
diptheria (Td)
>18
Every 10

years

Varicella (VZV)

Susceptibles
only, >18
Two doses
Measles,
mumps, rubella (MMR)

Women,
childbearing age
One dose
Pneumococcal >65 One dose
Influenza >50 Yearly
Human
papillomavirus (HPV)
Up to age 26
If not done
prior