world development indicators 2013

Burkina
Faso
Dominican
Republic
Puerto
Rico (US)
U.S. Virgin
Islands (US)
St. Kitts
and Nevis
Antigua and Barbuda
Dominica
St. Lucia
Barbados
Grenada
Trinidad
and Tobago
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
R.B. de Venezuela
Martinique (Fr)
Guadeloupe (Fr)
St. Martin (Fr)
St. Maarten (Neth)
Curaçao (Neth)
Aruba (Neth)
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic

Ukraine
Austria
Germany
San
Marino
Italy
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Serbia
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Albania
Greece
FYR
Macedonia
Samoa
American
Samoa (US)
Tonga
Fiji
Kiribati
French Polynesia (Fr)
N. Mariana Islands (US)
Guam (US)
Palau
Federated States of Micronesia
Marshall Islands

Nauru
Kiribati
Solomon
Islands
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Fiji
New
Caledonia
(Fr)
Haiti
Jamaica
Cuba
Cayman Is.(UK)
The Bahamas
Turks and Caicos Is. (UK)
Bermuda
(UK)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Panama
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Honduras
El Salvador
Guatemala
Belize
Colombia
French Guiana (Fr)

Guyana
Suriname
R.B. de
Venezuela
Ecuador
Peru
Brazil
Bolivia
Paraguay
Chile
Argentina
Uruguay
Greenland
(Den)
Norway
Iceland
Isle of Man (UK)
Ireland
United
Kingdom
Faeroe
Islands
(Den)
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland

Russian
Fed.
Belarus
Ukraine
Moldova
Romania
Bulgaria
Greece
Italy
Germany
Belgium
The Netherlands
Luxembourg
Channel Islands (UK)
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
France
Andorra
Portugal
Spain
Monaco
Gibraltar (UK)
Malta
Morocco
Tunisia
Algeria
Western
Sahara
Mauritania
Mali

Senegal
The Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Cape Verde
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Côte
d’Ivoire
Ghana
Togo
Benin
Niger
Nigeria
Libya
Arab Rep.
of Egypt
Sudan
South
Sudan
Chad
Cameroon
Central
African
Republic
Equatorial Guinea
São Tomé and Príncipe
Gabon
Congo
Angola

Dem.Rep.of
Congo
Eritrea
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Somalia
Kenya
Uganda
Rwanda
Burundi
Tanzania
Zambia
Malawi
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Namibia
Swaziland
Lesotho
South
Africa
Madagascar
Mauritius
Seychelles
Comoros
Mayotte
(Fr)
Réunion (Fr)
Rep. of Yemen
Oman

United Arab
Emirates
Qatar
Bahrain
Saudi
Arabia
Kuwait
Israel
West Bank and Gaza
Jordan
Lebanon
Syrian
Arab
Rep.
Cyprus
Iraq
Islamic Rep.
of Iran
Turkey
Azer-
baijan
Armenia
Georgia
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Afghanistan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyz
Rep.

Pakistan
India
Bhutan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Sri
Lanka
Maldives
Thailand
Lao
P.D.R.
Vietnam
Cambodia
Singapore
Malaysia
Brunei Darussalam
Philippines
Papua New Guinea
Indonesia
Australia
New
Zealand
Japan
Rep.of
Korea
Dem.People’s
Rep.of Korea
Mongolia
China

Russian Federation
Antarctica
Timor-Leste
Vatican
City
IBRD 39817 MARCH 2013
Kosovo
Montenegro
Designed, edited, and produced by
Communications Development Incorporated,
Washington, D.C.,
with Peter Grundy Art & Design, London
Classified according to
World Bank estimates of
2011 GNI per capita
The world by income
Low ($1,025 or less)
Lower middle ($1,026–$4,035)
Upper middle ($4,036–$12,475)
High ($12,476 or more)
No data

2013
World Development
Indicators
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World Development Indicators 2013 iiiEconomy States and markets Global links Back
Preface
Welcome to World Development Indicators 2013, the
World Bank’s premier compilation of relevant, high-
quality, and internationally comparable statistics
about global development.
The rst edition of World Development Indicators
in 1997 included this forecast: “The global economy
is undergoing an information revolution that will be
as signicant in effect as the industrial revolution of
the nineteenth century.” At that time the number of
mobile phones worldwide was estimated to be less
than 2per 100people, with eight times as many
telephone mainlines. World Development Indicators
has tracked the revolution: this edition reports that
mobile phone subscriptions in 2011 grew to 85per
100people—a more than fortyfold increase.
This is just one example of how people were com-
municating and acquiring knowledge and how infor-
mation was changing. But in addition to measuring
the change, World Development Indicators has felt it
directly. Use of the online database and the tools
that access it—particularly the Open Data website
(), the web-based DataBank
query application (),
and applications for mobile devices—has increased

dramatically.
And so we have rened and improved the pre-
sentation of this 17th edition. Our aim is to nd the
best way to put data in the hands of policymakers,
development specialists, students, and the public,
so that they may use the data to reduce poverty and
solve the world’s most pressing development chal-
lenges. The biggest change is that the data tables
previously published in the book are now available
online ( This has
many advantages: The tables will reect the latest
additions and revisions to the data. They will be avail-
able to a far greater audience. And they will be free
for everyone.
World Development Indicators 2013 is organized
around six themes—world view, people, environment,
economy, states and markets, and global links. Each
section includes an introduction, a set of six stories
highlighting regional trends, a table of the most rel-
evant and popular indicators, and an index to the full
set of tables and indicators available online. World
view also reviews progress toward the Millennium
Development Goals.
Other companion products include The Little Data
Book 2013, which provides an at-a-glance view of indi
-
cators for each economy, and a new version of the
DataFinder mobile application, available in Chinese,
English, French, and Spanish and designed to reect
the structure and tables of World Development Indica-

tors 2013, for both tablet and handheld devices and
for all major mobile platforms (ldbank
.org/apps).
World Development Indicators is the result of a
collaborative effort of many partners: the United
Nations family, the International Monetary Fund, the
International Telecommunication Union, the Organ-
isation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
the statistical ofces of more than 200 economies,
and countless others. I extend my gratitude to them
all—and especially to government statisticians around
the world. Without their hard work, professionalism,
and dedication, measuring and monitoring trends in
global development would not be possible.
We hope you will nd the new World Development
Indicators a useful resource, and we welcome any sug-
gestions to improve it at
Shaida Badiee
Director
Development Economics Data Group
iv World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
Acknowledgments
This book was prepared by a team led by Soong Sup
Lee under the management of Neil Fantom and com-
prising Azita Amjadi, Liu Cui, Federico Escaler, Mahyar
Eshragh-Tabary, Juan Feng, Masako Hiraga, Wendy
Ven-dee Huang, Bala Bhaskar Naidu Kalimili, Buyant
Khaltarkhuu, Elysee Kiti, Alison Kwong, Ibrahim Lev-
ent, Hiroko Maeda, Johan Mistiaen, Vanessa Moreira

da Silva, Maurice Nsabimana, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas,
William Prince, Evis Rucaj, Rubena Sukaj, Emi Suzuki,
Eric Swanson, Jomo Tariku, Rasiel Victor Vellos, and
Olga Victorovna Vybornaia, working closely with other
teams in the Development Economics Vice Presiden-
cy’s Development Data Group.
World Development Indicators electronic products
were prepared by a team led by Reza Farivari and com-
prising Ying Chi, Jean-Pierre Djomalieu, Ramgopal Era-
belly, Shelley Fu, Gytis Kanchas, Siddhesh Kaushik,
Ugendran Machakkalai, Nacer Megherbi, Shanmugam
Natarajan, Parastoo Oloumi, Manish Rathore, Ash-
ish Shah, Atsushi Shimo, Malarvizhi Veerappan, and
Vera Wen.
All work was carried out under the direction of
Shaida Badiee. Valuable advice was provided by
TitoCordella, Doerte Doemeland, Zia M. Qureshi, and
David Rosenblatt.
The choice of indicators and text content was shaped
through close consultation with and substantial contri-
butions from staff in the World Bank’s four thematic
networks—Sustainable Development, Human Develop-
ment, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management,
and Financial and Private Sector Development—and
staff of the International Finance Corporation and the
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. Most impor-
tant, the team received substantial help, guidance, and
data from external partners. For individual acknowl-
edgments of contributions to the book’s content, see
Credits. For a listing of our key partners, see Partners.

Communications Development Incorporated pro-
vided overall design direction, editing, and layout,
led by Meta de Coquereaumont, Jack Harlow, Bruce
Ross-Larson, and Christopher Trott. Elaine Wilson cre-
ated the cover and graphics and typeset the book.
Peter Grundy, of Peter Grundy Art & Design, and Diane
Broadley, of Broadley Design, designed the report.
Staff from The World Bank’s Ofce of the Publisher
oversaw printing and dissemination of the book.
Acknowledgments
World Development Indicators 2013 vEconomy States and markets Global links Back
Table of contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgments iv
Partners vi
User guide xii
1. World view 1
2. People 35
3. Environment 51
4. Economy 65
5. States and markets 79
6. Global links 93
Primary data documentation 107
Statistical methods 118
Credits 121
Introduction
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty
Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3 Promote gender equality and
empowerwomen

Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
Goal 5 Improve maternal health
Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
otherdiseases
Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for
development
Targets and indicators for each goal
World view indicators
About the data
Online tables and indicators
Poverty indicators
NEW!

About the data
Introduction
Highlights
Table of indicators
About the data
Online tables and indicators
vi World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
Partners
Dening, gathering, and disseminating international
statistics is a collective effort of many people and
organizations. The indicators presented in World Devel-
opment Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at
many levels, from the eld workers who administer
censuses and household surveys to the committees
and working parties of the national and international

statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature,
classications, and standards fundamental to an
international statistical system. Nongovernmental
organizations and the private sector have also made
important contributions, both in gathering primary
data and in organizing and publishing their results.
And academic researchers have played a crucial role
in developing statistical methods and carrying on a
continuing dialogue about the quality and interpreta-
tion of statistical indicators. All these contributors
have a strong belief that available, accurate data will
improve the quality of public and private decisionmak-
ing.
The organizations listed here have made World
Development Indicators possible by sharing their data
and their expertise with us. More important, their col-
laboration contributes to the World Bank’s efforts, and
to those of many others, to improve the quality of life
of the world’s people. We acknowledge our debt and
gratitude to all who have helped to build a base of
comprehensive, quantitative information about the
world and its people.
For easy reference, web addresses are included for
each listed organization. The addresses shown were
active on March 1, 2013.
Partners
World Development Indicators 2013 viiEconomy States and markets Global links Back
International and government agencies
Carbon Dioxide Information
Analysis Center

Centre for Research on the
Epidemiology of Disasters
www.emdat.be
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit
www.giz.de
Food and Agriculture
Organization
www.fao.org
Internal Displacement
Monitoring Centre
www.internal-displacement.org/
International Civil
Aviation Organization
www.icao.int
International
Diabetes Federation
www.idf.org
International
Energy Agency
www.iea.org
International
Labour Organization
www.ilo.org
International
Monetary Fund
www.imf.org
International Telecommunication
Union

www.itu.int
Joint United Programme
on HIV/AIDS
www.unaids.org
viii World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
Partners
National Science
Foundation
www.nsf.gov
The Ofce of U.S. Foreign
DisasterAssistance
www.globalcorps.com/ofda.html
Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development
www.oecd.org
Stockholm International
PeaceResearch Institute
www.sipri.org
Understanding
Children’s Work
www.ucw-project.org
United Nations
www.un.org
United Nations Centre for Human
Settlements, Global Urban Observatory
www.unhabitat.org
United Nations
Children’s Fund
www.unicef.org

United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development
www.unctad.org
United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division
www.un.org/esa/population
United Nations Department of
Peacekeeping Operations
www.un.org/en/peacekeeping
United Nations Educational,
Scientic, and Cultural Organization,
Institute forStatistics
www.uis.unesco.org
Partners
World Development Indicators 2013 ixEconomy States and markets Global links Back
United Nations
Environment Programme
www.unep.org
United Nations Industrial
DevelopmentOrganization
www.unido.org
United Nations
International Strategy
forDisaster Reduction
www.unisdr.org
United Nations Ofce on
Drugs and Crime
www.unodc.org
United Nations Ofce

of the High Commissioner
for Refugees
www.unhcr.org
United Nations
Population Fund
www.unfpa.org
Upsalla Conict
Data Program
www.pcr.uu.se/research/UCDP
World Bank

World Health Organization
www.who.int
World Intellectual
Property Organization
www.wipo.int
World Tourism
Organization
www.unwto.org
World Trade
Organization
www.wto.org
x World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
PartnersPartners
Private and nongovernmental organizations
Center for International Earth
Science Information Network
www.ciesin.org
Containerisation

International
www.ci-online.co.uk
DHL
www.dhl.com
International Institute for
StrategicStudies
www.iiss.org
International
Road Federation
www.irfnet.org
Netcraft

World Development Indicators 2013 xiEconomy States and markets Global links Back
PwC
www.pwc.com
Standard &
Poor’s
www.standardandpoors.com
World Conservation
Monitoring Centre
www.unep-wcmc.org
World Economic
Forum
www.weforum.org
World Resources
Institute
www.wri.org
xii World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
User guideUser guide to tables

World Development Indicators 2013
47
46
World Development Indicators 2013
Economy States and markets Global links Back
Front Users guide World view People Environment
Environment 3
Deforestation Nationally
protected
areas
Internal
renewable
freshwater
resources
b
Access to
improved
water
source
Access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
Urban
population
Particulate
matter
concentration
Carbon
dioxide

emissions
Energ y use Electricity
production
Terrestrial and
marine areas
% of total
territorial area
urban-population -
weighted PM10
micrograms per
cubic meter
average
annual %
Per capi ta
cubic meters
% of total
population
% of total
population
average
annual
%grow th
million
metric tons
Per capi ta
kilogr ams of
oil equivalent
billion
kilowatt
hours

2000–10 2011 2011 2010 2010 1990–201 1 2010 2009 2010 2010
Afghanistan 0.00 0.4 1,335 50 37 4.0 30 6.3
Albania –0.10 8.4 8,364 95 94 2.4 38 3.0 648 7.6
Algeria 0.57 6.2 313 83 95 2.6 69 121.3 1,138 45.6
American Samoa 0.19 16.7 1.9
Andorra 0.00 6.1 3,663 100 100 0.9 18 0.5
Angola 0.21 12.1 7,5 4 4 51 58 4.1 58 2 6.7 716 5.3
Antigua and Barbuda 0.20 1.0 580 1.0 13 0.5
Argentina 0.81 5.3 6,771 1.0 57 174 .7 1,8 47 125.3
Armenia 1.48 8.0 2,212 98 90 0.3 45 4.5 791 6.5
Aruba 0.00 0.0 100 0.8 2.3
Australia 0.37 12.5 22,039 100 100 1.3 13 40 0.2 5,653 241. 5
Austria –0.13 22.9 6,529 100 100 0.7 27 62.3 4,034 67. 9
Azerbaijan 0.00 7. 1 885 80 82 1.8 27 49.1 1,307 18.7
Bahamas, The 0.00 1.0 58 100 1.5 2.6
Bahrain –3.55 0 .7 3 4.9 44 24.2 7,7 5 4 13.2
Bangladesh 0.18 1.6 698 81 56 3.0 115 51.0 209 42. 3
Barbados 0.00 0.1 292 100 100 1.4 35 1.6
Belarus –0.43 7. 2 3,927 100 93 0.4 6 60.3 2,922 34.9
Belgium – 0.16 13.2 1,089 10 0 100 1.2 21 103.6 5,586 93.8
Belize 0.67 20.6 44,868 98 90 3.0 12 0.4
Benin 1.04 23.3 1,132 75 13 4.2 48 4.9 413 0.2
Bermuda 0.00 5.1 0.7 0.5
Bhutan –0.34 28.3 105,653 96 44 3.9 20 0.4
Bolivia 0.50 18.5 30,085 88 27 2.2 57 14.5 737 6.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.6 9,461 99 95 0.9 21 30.1 1,703 17.1
Botswana 0.99 30.9 1,182 96 62 2.2 64 4.4 1,128 0.5
Brazil 0.50 26.0 27,5 51 98 79 1.2 18 367. 1 1,36 3 515.7
Brunei Darussalam 0.44 29.6 2 0,939 2.2 44 9.3 8,308 3.9
Bulgaria –1.53 8.9 2,858 100 100 –1 .7 40 42.8 2,370 46.0

Burkina Faso 1.01 14.2 737 79 17 6.2 65 1.7

Burundi 1.40 4.8 1, 173 72 46 4.9 24 0.2
Cambodia 1.34 23.4 8,431 64 31 2.1 42 4.6 355 1.0
Cameroon 1.05 9.0 13,629 77 49 3.3 59 6.7 363 5.9
Canada 0.00 6.2 82,647 10 0 100 1.2 15 513.9 7,3 80 6 0 7.8
Cape Verde –0.36 0.2 599 88 61 2.1 0.3
Cayman Islands 0.0 0 1.5 96 96 0.9 0.5
Central African Republic 0.13 17.7 31,425 67 34 2.6 35 0.2
Chad 0.66 9.4 1,301 51 13 3.0 83 0.4
Channel Islands 0.5 0.8
Chile –0.25 13.3 51,188 96 96 1.1 46 66.7 1,807 60.4
China –1.57 16.0 2,093 91 64 3.0 59 7,687.1 1,807 4,208.3
Hong Kong SAR, China 41.8 0.1 3 7.0 1,951 38.3
Macao SAR, China 2.2 1.5
Colombia 0.17 20.5 45,006 92 77 1.7 19 71. 2 696 56.8
Comoros 9.34 1,592 95 36 2.9 30 0.1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.20 10.0 13,283 45 24 4.3 35 2.7 360 7.9
Congo, Rep. 0.07 9.7 53,626 71 18 3.0 57 1.9 363 0.6
Deforestation Nationally
protected
areas
Internal
renewable
freshwater
resources
b
Access to
improved
water

source
Access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
Urban
population
Particulate
matter
concentration
Carbon
dioxide
emissions
Energ y use Electricity
production
Terrestrial and
marine areas
% of total
territorial area
urban-population -
weighted PM10
micrograms per
cubic meter
average
annual %
Per capi ta
cubic meters
% of total
population
% of total

population
average
annual
%grow th
million
metric tons
Per capi ta
kilogr ams of
oil equivalent
billion
kilowatt
hours
2000–10 2011 2011 2010 2010 1990–201 1 2010 2009 2010 2010
Costa Rica – 0.93 17.6 23,78 0 97 95 2.2 27 8.3 998 9.6
Côte d’Ivoire – 0.15 21.8 3,813 80 24 3.5 30 6.6 485 6.0
Croatia –0.19 9.5 8,562 99 99 0.2 22 21.5 1,932 14.0
Cuba –1.66 5.3 3,387 94 91 –0.1 15 31.6 975 1 7.4
Curacao
Cyprus – 0.09 4.5 699 100 100 1.4 27 8.2 2,215 5.4
Czech Republic –0.08 15.1 1,253 10 0 98 –0.3 16 108.1 4,193 85.3
Denmark –1.14 4.1 1,077 10 0 100 0.6 15 45.7 3,470 38.8
Djibouti 0.00 0.0 331 88 50 2.0 28 0.5
Dominica 0.58 3.7 0.1 20 0.1
Dominican Republic 0.00 24.1 2,088 86 83 2.1 14 20.3 840 15.9
Ecuador 1.81 38.0 29,4 56 94 92 2.2 19 30.1 836 1 7.7
Egypt, Arab Rep. –1.73 6.1 22 99 95 2.1 78 216.1 903 146.8
El Salvador 1.45 1.4 2,850 88 87 1.3 28 6.3 677 6.0
Equatorial Guinea 0.69 14.0 36,100 3.2 6 4.8
Eritrea 0.28 3.8 517 61 14 5.2 61 0.5 142 0.3
Estonia 0.12 22.6 9,486 98 95 0.1 9 16.0 4,155 13.0

Ethiopia 1.08 18.4 1,440 44 21 3.7 47 7.9 400 5.0
Faeroe Islands 0.00 0.8 11 0.7
Fiji –0.3 4 0.2 32,876 98 83 1 .7 20 0.8
Finland 0.14 8.5 19,858 100 10 0 0.6 15 53.6 6,787 8 0.7
France –0.39 17.1 3,057 100 100 1.2 12 363.4 4,031 564.3
French Polynesia –3.97 0.1 100 98 1.1 0.9
Gabon 0.00 14.6 10 6,892 87 33 2.3 7 1.6 1,418 1.8
Gambia, The –0.41 1.3 1,689 89 68 3.7 60 0.4
Georgia 0.09 3.4 12,958 98 95 1.0 49 5.8 700 10.1
Germany 0.00 42.3 1,308 10 0 100 0.2 16 734.6 4,003 622.1
Ghana 2.08 14.0 1,214 86 14 3.6 22 7. 4 382 8.4
Greece – 0.81 9.9 5,133 10 0 98 0.3 27 94.9 2,440 57. 4
Greenland 0.00 40.1 100 100 0.2 0.6

Grenada 0.00 0.1 97 1.3 19 0.2
Guam 0.00 3.6 100 99 1.3
Guatemala 1.40 29.5 7,4 0 0 92 78 3.4 51 15.2 713 8.8
Guinea 0.54 6.4 22,110 74 18 3.8 55 1.2
Guinea-Bissau 0.48 26.9 10,342 64 20 3.6 48 0.3
Guyana 0.00 4.8 318 ,766 94 84 0.5 20 1.6
Haiti 0.76 0.1 1,285 69 17 3.8 35 2.3 229 0.6
Honduras 2.06 13.9 12,371 87 77 3.1 34 7.7 601 6.7
Hungary – 0.62 5.1 602 100 100 0.4 15 48 .7 2,567 3 7. 4
Iceland –4.99 13.2 532,892 100 100 0.4 18 2.0 16,882 17.1
India –0.46 4.8 1,165 92 34 2.5 52 1,979.4 566 959.9
Indonesia 0. 51 6.4 8,332 82 54 2.5 60 451.8 867 169.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.00 6.9 1,71 8 96 100 1.3 56 602.1 2,817 23 3.0
Iraq –0.09 0.1 1,068 79 73 2.8 88 109.0 1,180 50.2
Ireland –1.53 1.2 10,707 100 99 2.7 13 41.6 3,218 28.4
Isle of Man 0.00 0.5

Israel –0.07 15.1 97 100 100 1.9 21 6 7. 2 3,005 58.6
3 Environment
World Development Indicators is the World Bank’s premier
compilation of cross-country comparable data on develop-
ment. The database contains more than 1,200 time series
indicators for 214 economies and more than 30 country
groups, with data for many indicators going back more
than 50 years.
The 2013 edition of World Development Indicators has
been recongured to offer a more condensed presentation
of the principal indicators, arranged in their traditional sec-
tions, along with regional and topical highlights.
World view People
Environment
Economy States and markets Global links
Tables
The tables include all World Bank member countries (188),
and all other economies with populations of more than
30,000 (214 total). Countries and economies are listed
alphabetically (except for Hong Kong SAR, China, and
Macao SAR, China, which appear after China).
The term country, used interchangeably with economy,
does not imply political independence but refers to any terri-
tory for which authorities report separate social or economic
statistics. When available, aggregate measures for income
and regional groups appear at the end of each table.
Aggregate measures for income groups
Aggregate measures for income groups include the 214
economies listed in the tables, plus Taiwan, China, when-
ever data are available. To maintain consistency in the

aggregate measures over time and between tables, miss-
ing data are imputed where possible.
Aggregate measures for regions
The aggregate measures for regions cover only low- and
middle-income economies.
The country composition of regions is based on the
World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from com-
mon geographic usage. For regional classications, see
the map on the inside back cover and the list on the back
cover ap. For further discussion of aggregation methods,
see Statistical methods.
Data presentation conventions
• A blank means not applicable or, for an aggregate, not
analytically meaningful.
• A billion is 1,000 million.
• A trillion is 1,000 billion.
• Figures in orange italics refer to years or periods other
than those specied or to growth rates calculated for
less than the full period specied.
• Data for years that are more than three years from the
range shown are footnoted.
• The cutoff date for data is February 1, 2013.
World Development Indicators 2013 xiiiEconomy States and markets Global links Back
World Development Indicators 2013
47
46
World Development Indicators 2013
Economy States and markets Global links Back
Front Users guide World view People Environment
Environment 3

Deforestation Nationally
protected
areas
Internal
renewable
freshwater
resources
b
Access to
improved
water
source
Access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
Urban
population
Particulate
matter
concentration
Carbon
dioxide
emissions
Energ y use Electricity
production
Terrestrial and
marine areas
% of total
territorial area

urban-population -
weighted PM10
micrograms per
cubic meter
average
annual %
Per capi ta
cubic meters
% of total
population
% of total
population
average
annual
%grow th
million
metric tons
Per capi ta
kilogr ams of
oil equivalent
billion
kilowatt
hours
2000–10 2011 2011 2010 2010 1990–201 1 2010 2009 2010 2010
Afghanistan 0.00 0.4 1,335 50 37 4.0 30 6.3
Albania –0.10 8.4 8,364 95 94 2.4 38 3.0 648 7.6
Algeria 0.57 6.2 313 83 95 2.6 69 121.3 1,138 45.6
American Samoa 0.19 16.7 1.9
Andorra 0.00 6.1 3,663 100 100 0.9 18 0.5
Angola 0.21 12.1 7,5 4 4 51 58 4.1 58 2 6.7 716 5.3

Antigua and Barbuda 0.20 1.0 580 1.0 13 0.5
Argentina 0.81 5.3 6,771 1.0 57 174 .7 1,8 47 125.3
Armenia 1.48 8.0 2,212 98 90 0.3 45 4.5 791 6.5
Aruba 0.00 0.0 100 0.8 2.3
Australia 0.37 12.5 22,039 100 100 1.3 13 40 0.2 5,653 241. 5
Austria –0.13 22.9 6,529 100 100 0.7 27 62.3 4,034 67. 9
Azerbaijan 0.00 7. 1 885 80 82 1.8 27 49.1 1,307 18.7
Bahamas, The 0.00 1.0 58 100 1.5 2.6
Bahrain –3.55 0.7 3 4.9 44 24.2 7, 75 4 13.2
Bangladesh 0.18 1.6 698 81 56 3.0 115 51.0 209 42. 3
Barbados 0.00 0.1 292 100 100 1.4 35 1.6
Belarus – 0.43 7. 2 3,927 100 93 0.4 6 60.3 2,922 34.9
Belgium – 0.16 13.2 1,089 10 0 100 1.2 21 103.6 5,586 93.8
Belize 0.67 20.6 44,868 98 90 3.0 12 0.4
Benin 1.04 23.3 1,132 75 13 4.2 48 4.9 413 0.2
Bermuda 0.00 5.1 0.7 0.5
Bhutan –0.34 28.3 105,653 96 44 3.9 20 0.4
Bolivia 0.50 18.5 30,085 88 27 2.2 57 14.5 737 6.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.6 9,461 99 95 0.9 21 30.1 1,703 17.1
Botswana 0.99 30.9 1,182 96 62 2.2 64 4.4 1,128 0.5
Brazil 0.50 26.0 27,5 51 98 79 1.2 18 367. 1 1,36 3 515.7
Brunei Darussalam 0.44 29.6 2 0,939 2.2 44 9.3 8,308 3.9
Bulgaria –1.53 8.9 2,858 100 100 –1 .7 40 42.8 2,370 46.0
Burkina Faso 1.01 14.2 737 79 17 6.2 65 1.7

Burundi 1.40 4.8 1, 173 72 46 4.9 24 0.2
Cambodia 1.34 23.4 8,431 64 31 2.1 42 4.6 355 1.0
Cameroon 1.05 9.0 13,629 77 49 3.3 59 6.7 363 5.9
Canada 0.00 6.2 82,647 10 0 100 1.2 15 513.9 7,3 80 6 0 7.8
Cape Verde –0.36 0.2 599 88 61 2.1 0.3

Cayman Islands 0.0 0 1.5 96 96 0.9 0.5
Central African Republic 0.13 17.7 31,425 67 34 2.6 35 0.2
Chad 0.66 9.4 1,301 51 13 3.0 83 0.4
Channel Islands 0.5 0.8
Chile –0. 25 13.3 51,188 96 96 1.1 46 66.7 1,807 60.4
China –1.57 16.0 2,093 91 64 3.0 59 7,687.1 1,807 4,208.3
Hong Kong SAR, China 41.8 0.1 3 7.0 1,951 38.3
Macao SAR, China 2.2 1.5
Colombia 0.17 20.5 45,006 92 77 1.7 19 71. 2 696 56.8
Comoros 9.34 1,592 95 36 2.9 30 0.1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.20 10.0 13,283 45 24 4.3 35 2.7 360 7.9
Congo, Rep. 0.07 9.7 53,626 71 18 3.0 57 1.9 363 0.6
Deforestation Nationally
protected
areas
Internal
renewable
freshwater
resources
b
Access to
improved
water
source
Access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
Urban
population

Particulate
matter
concentration
Carbon
dioxide
emissions
Energ y use Electricity
production
Terrestrial and
marine areas
% of total
territorial area
urban-population -
weighted PM10
micrograms per
cubic meter
average
annual %
Per capi ta
cubic meters
% of total
population
% of total
population
average
annual
%grow th
million
metric tons
Per capi ta

kilogr ams of
oil equivalent
billion
kilowatt
hours
2000–10 2011 2011 2010 2010 1990–201 1 2010 2009 2010 2010
Costa Rica – 0.93 17.6 23,78 0 97 95 2.2 27 8.3 998 9.6
Côte d’Ivoire – 0.15 21.8 3,813 80 24 3.5 30 6.6 485 6.0
Croatia –0.19 9.5 8,562 99 99 0.2 22 21.5 1,932 14.0
Cuba –1.66 5.3 3,387 94 91 –0.1 15 31.6 975 1 7.4
Curacao
Cyprus – 0.09 4.5 699 100 100 1.4 27 8.2 2,215 5.4
Czech Republic –0.08 15.1 1,253 10 0 98 –0.3 16 108.1 4,193 85.3
Denmark –1.14 4.1 1,077 10 0 100 0.6 15 45.7 3,470 38.8
Djibouti 0.00 0.0 331 88 50 2.0 28 0.5
Dominica 0.58 3.7 0.1 20 0.1
Dominican Republic 0.00 24.1 2,088 86 83 2.1 14 20.3 840 15.9
Ecuador 1.81 38.0 29,4 56 94 92 2.2 19 30.1 836 1 7.7
Egypt, Arab Rep. –1.73 6.1 22 99 95 2.1 78 216.1 903 146.8
El Salvador 1.45 1.4 2,850 88 87 1.3 28 6.3 677 6.0
Equatorial Guinea 0.69 14.0 36,100 3.2 6 4.8
Eritrea 0.28 3.8 517 61 14 5.2 61 0.5 142 0.3
Estonia 0.12 22.6 9,486 98 95 0.1 9 16.0 4,155 13.0
Ethiopia 1.08 18.4 1,440 44 21 3.7 47 7.9 400 5.0
Faeroe Islands 0.00 0.8 11 0.7
Fiji –0.3 4 0.2 32,876 98 83 1 .7 20 0.8
Finland 0.14 8.5 19,858 100 10 0 0.6 15 53.6 6,787 8 0.7
France –0.39 17.1 3,057 100 100 1.2 12 363.4 4,031 564.3
French Polynesia –3.97 0.1 100 98 1.1 0.9
Gabon 0.00 14.6 10 6,892 87 33 2.3 7 1.6 1,418 1.8

Gambia, The –0.41 1.3 1,689 89 68 3.7 60 0.4
Georgia 0.09 3.4 12,958 98 95 1.0 49 5.8 700 10.1
Germany 0.00 42.3 1,308 10 0 100 0.2 16 734.6 4,003 622.1
Ghana 2.08 14.0 1,214 86 14 3.6 22 7. 4 382 8.4
Greece – 0.81 9.9 5,133 10 0 98 0.3 27 94.9 2,440 57. 4
Greenland 0.00 40.1 100 100 0.2 0.6

Grenada 0.00 0.1 97 1.3 19 0.2
Guam 0.00 3.6 100 99 1.3
Guatemala 1.40 29.5 7,4 0 0 92 78 3.4 51 15.2 713 8.8
Guinea 0.54 6.4 22,110 74 18 3.8 55 1.2
Guinea-Bissau 0.48 26.9 10,342 64 20 3.6 48 0.3
Guyana 0.00 4.8 318 ,766 94 84 0.5 20 1.6
Haiti 0.76 0.1 1,285 69 17 3.8 35 2.3 229 0.6
Honduras 2.06 13.9 12,371 87 77 3.1 34 7.7 601 6.7
Hungary – 0.62 5.1 602 100 100 0.4 15 48 .7 2,567 3 7. 4
Iceland –4.99 13.2 532,892 100 100 0.4 18 2.0 16,882 17.1
India –0.46 4.8 1,165 92 34 2.5 52 1,979.4 566 959.9
Indonesia 0. 51 6.4 8,332 82 54 2.5 60 451.8 867 169.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.00 6.9 1,71 8 96 100 1.3 56 602.1 2,817 23 3.0
Iraq –0.09 0.1 1,068 79 73 2.8 88 109.0 1,180 50.2
Ireland –1.53 1.2 10,707 100 99 2.7 13 41.6 3,218 28.4
Isle of Man 0.00 0.5
Israel –0.07 15.1 97 100 100 1.9 21 6 7. 2 3,005 58.6
3 Environment
Classification of economies
For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s
main criterion for classifying economies is gross national
income (GNI) per capita (calculated using the World Bank
Atlas method). Because GNI per capita changes over time,

the country composition of income groups may change
from one edition of World Development Indicators to the
next. Once the classication is xed for an edition, based
on GNI per capita in the most recent year for which data
are available (2011 in this edition), all historical data pre-
sented are based on the same country grouping.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita
of $1,025 or less in 2011. Middle-income economies are
those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,025 but less
than $12,475. Lower middle-income and upper middle-
income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of
$4,036. High-income economies are those with a GNI per
capita of $12,476 or more. The 17 participating member
countries of the euro area are presented as a subgroup
under high income economies.
Statistics
Additional information about the data is provided in Pri-
mary data documentation, which summarizes national and
international efforts to improve basic data collection and
gives country-level information on primary sources, census
years, scal years, statistical methods and concepts used,
and other background information. Statistical methods pro-
vides technical information on some of the general calcula-
tions and formulas used throughout the book.
Country notes
• Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR,
China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
• Data for Indonesia include Timor-Leste through 1999.
• Data for Mayotte, to which a reference appeared in pre-
vious editions, are included in data for France.

• Data for Serbia do not include data for Kosovo or
Monte negro.
• Data for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise
noted.
Symbols
means that data are not available or that aggregates
cannot be calculated because of missing data in the
years shown.
0 or
0.0
means zero or small enough that the number would
round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.
/ in dates, as in 2010/11, means that the period of
time, usually 12 months, straddles two calendar years
and refers to a crop year, a survey year, or a scal year.
$ means current U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.
< means less than.
xiv World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
User guideUser guide to WDI online tables
Statistical tables that were previously available in the
World Development Indicators print edition are now avail-
able online. Using an automated query process, these ref-
erence tables will be consistently updated based on the
revisions to the World Development Indicators database.
How to access WDI online tables
To access the WDI online tables, visit ldbank
.org/tables. To access a specic WDI onlinetable directly,
use the URL and the
table number (for example, />table/1.1 to view the rst table in the World view sec-

tion). Each section of this book also lists the indicators
included by table and by code. To view a specic indi-
cator online, use the URL />indicator/ and the indicator code (for example, http://data
.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL to view a page for
total population).
World Development Indicators 2013 xvEconomy States and markets Global links Back
How to use DataBank
DataBank () is an online
web resource that provides simple and quick access to
collections of time series data. It has advanced functions
for selecting and displaying data, performing customized
queries, downloading data, and creating charts and maps.
Users can create dynamic custom reports based on their
selection of countries, indicators, and years. All these
reports can be easily edited, shared, and embedded as
widgets on websites or blogs. For more information, see
/>Actions
Click to edit and revise the table in
DataBank
Click to print the table and corresponding
indicator metadata
Click to export the table to Excel
Click to export the table and corresponding
indicator metadata to PDF
Click to access the WDI Online Tables Help
le
Click the checkbox to highlight cell level
metadata and values from years other
than those specied; click the checkbox
again to reset to the default display

Click on a country
to view metadata
Click on an indicator
to view metadata
Breadcrumbs to show
where you’ve been
xvi World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
User guideUser guide to DataFinder
DataFinder is a free mobile app that accesses the full
set of data from the World Development Indicators data-
base. Data can be displayed and saved in a table, chart,
or map and shared via email, Facebook, and Twitter.
DataFinder works on mobile devices (smartphone or
tablet computer) in both ofine (no Internet connection)
and online (Wi-Fi or 3G/4G connection to the Internet)
modes.
• Select a topic to display all related indicators.
• Compare data for multiple countries.
• Select predened queries.
• Create a new query that can be saved and edited later.
• View reports in table, chart, and map formats.
• Send the data as a CSV le attachment to an email.
• Share comments and screenshots via Facebook,
Twitter, or email.
World Development Indicators 2013 xviiEconomy States and markets Global links Back
Table view provides time series data tables of key devel-
opment indicators by country or topic. A compare option
shows the most recent year’s data for the selected country
and another country.

Chart view illustrates data trends and cross-country com-
parisons as line or bar charts.
Map view colors selected indicators on world and regional
maps. A motion option animates the data changes from
year to year.
xviii World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment
?
WORLD
VIEW
World Development Indicators 2013 1Economy States and markets Global links Back
1
The Millennium Declaration adopted by all the
members of the United Nations General Assem-
bly in 2000 represents a commitment to a more
effective, results-oriented development partner-
ship in the 21st century. Progress documented
here and in the annual reports of the United
Nations Secretary- General has been encourag-
ing: poverty rates have fallen, more children—
especially girls—are enrolled in and completing
school, and they are—on average—living longer
and healthier lives. Fewer mothers die in child
birth, and more women have access to reproduc-
tive health services.
The indicators used to monitor the Millen-
nium Development Goals have traced the path of
the HIV epidemic, the resurgence and retreat of
tuberculosis, and the step-by-step efforts to “roll
back malaria.” More people now have access
to reliable water supplies and basic sanitation

facilities. But forests continue to disappear and
with them the habitat for many species of plants
and animals, and greenhouse gases continue to
accumulate in the atmosphere.
From the start monitoring the Millennium
Development Goals posed three challenges:
selecting appropriate targets and indicators,
constructing an international database for global
monitoring, and signicantly improving the qual-
ity, frequency, and availability of the relevant sta-
tistics. When they were adopted, the target year
of 2015 seemed comfortably far away, and the
baseline year of 1990 for measuring progress
seemed a reasonable starting point with well-
established data. As we near the end of that
25-year span, we have a better appreciation of
how great those challenges were.
Already there is discussion of the post-
2015 development agenda and the monitoring
framework needed to record commitments and
measure progress. The Millennium Development
Goals have contributed to the development of
a statistical infrastructure that is increasingly
capable of producing reliable statistics on vari-
ous topics. The post-2015 agenda and a well-
designed monitoring framework will build on that
infrastructure.
The international database for monitoring
the Millennium Development Goals is a valu-
able resource for analyzing many development

issues. The effort of building and maintaining
such a database should not be underestimated,
and it will take several years to implement a
new framework of goals and targets. To serve
as an analytical resource, the database will need
to include additional indicators, beyond those
directly associated with the targets and the core
data for conducting these indicators. New tech-
nologies and methods for reporting data should
improve the quality and timeliness of the result-
ing database. The quality of data will ultimately
depend on the capacity of national statistical
systems, where most data originate.
When the Millennium Development Goals
were adopted, few developing countries had
the capacity or resources to produce statistics
of the requisite quality or frequency. Despite
much progress, the statistical capacity-building
programs initiated over the last decade should
continue, and other statistical domains need
attention. Planning for post-2015 goals must
include concomitant plans for investments in
statistics—by governments and development
partners alike.
The effort to achieve the Millennium Develop-
ment Goals has been enormous. The next set of
goals will require an even larger effort. Without
good statistics, we will never know if we have
succeeded.
2 World Development Indicators 2013 Front User guide World view People Environment

?
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty
The world will not have eradicated extreme pov-
erty in 2015, but the Millennium Development
Goal target of halving world poverty will have
been met. The proportion of people living on less
than $1.25 a day fell from 43.1 percent in 1990
to 22.7 percent in 2008, reaching new lows in
all six developing country regions. While the
food, fuel, and nancial crises over the past ve
years worsened the situation of vulnerable popu-
lations and slowed poverty reduction in some
countries, global poverty rates continued to fall
in most regions. Preliminary estimates for 2010
conrm that the extreme poverty rate fell fur-
ther, to 20.6percent, reaching the global target
ve years early. Except in South Asia and Sub-
Saharan Africa the target has also been met at
the regional level (gure 1a).
Further progress is possible and likely
before the 2015 target date of the Millen-
nium Development Goals. Developing econo-
mies are expected to maintain GDP growth of
6.6–6.8 percent over the next three years, with
growth of GDP per capita around 5.5 percent.
Growth will be fastest in East Asia and Pacic
and South Asia, which still contain more than
half the world’s poorest people. Growth will
be slower in Sub- Saharan Africa, the poorest
region in the world, but faster than in the pre-

ceding years, quickening the pace of poverty
reduction. According to these forecasts, the
proportion of people living in extreme poverty
will fall to 16percent by 2015. Based on cur-
rent trends, 59 of 112 economies with ade-
quate data are likely to achieve the rst Millen-
nium Development Goal (gure 1b). The number
of people living in extreme poverty will continue
to fall to less than a billion in 2015 (gure 1c).
Of these, 40percent will live in South Asia and
40 percent in Sub- Saharan Africa.
How fast poverty reduction will proceed
depends not just on the growth of GDP but
also on its distribution. Income distribution has
improved in some countries, such as Brazil,while
2005200019951990
People living on less than 2005 PPP $1.25 a day (billions)
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America
& Caribbean
2015
forecast
2010
estimate
0.0
0.5
1.0

1.5
2.0
Forecast
2010–15
Fewer people are living
in extreme poverty
1c
Source: World Bank PovcalNet.
Sub-Saharan
Africa
South
Asia
Middle East
& North
Africa
Latin
America &
Caribbean
Europe
& Central
Asia
East Asia
Share of countries making progress toward reducing poverty (%)
100
50
0
50
100
Reached target On track Off track Seriously off track
Progress in reaching the

poverty target, 1990–2010
1b
Source: World Bank staff calculations.
0
25
50
75
2015
forecast
2010
estimate
2005200019951990
People living on less than 2005 PPP $1.25 a day (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Europe &
Central Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America
& Caribbean
Forecast
2010–15
Poverty rates
continue to fall
1a
Source: World Bank PovcalNet.
World Development Indicators 2013 3Economy States and markets Global links Back
worsening in others, such as China. To speed
progress toward eliminating extreme poverty,
development strategies should attempt to

increase not just the mean rate of growth but
also the share of income going to the poor-
est part of the population. Sub- Saharan Africa,
where average income is low and average income
of those below the poverty line is even lower, will
face great difculties in bringing the poorest peo-
ple to an adequate standard of living (gure1d).
Latin America and the Caribbean, where average
income is higher, must overcome extremely ineq-
uitable income distributions.
Two Millennium Development Goal indicators
address hunger and malnutrition. Child malnu-
trition, measured by comparing a child’s weight
with that of other children of similar age, reects
a shortfall in food energy, poor feeding prac-
tices by mothers, and lack of essential nutri-
ents in the diet. Malnutrition in children often
begins at birth, when poorly nourished mothers
give birth to underweight babies. Malnourished
children develop more slowly, enter school later,
and perform less well. Malnutrition rates have
dropped substantially since 1990, from 28 per-
cent of children under age 5 in developing coun-
tries to 17 percent in 2011. Every developing
region except Sub- Saharan Africa is on track
to cut child malnutrition rates in half by 2015
(gure 1e). However, collecting data on malnutri-
tion through surveys with direct measurement of
children’s weight and height is costly, and many
countries lack the information to calculate time

trends.
Undernourishment, a shortage of food energy
to sustain normal daily activities, is affected by
changes in the average amount of food available
and its distribution. After steady declines in most
regions from 1991 to 2005, further improve-
ments in undernourishment have stalled, leav-
ing 13percent of the world’s population, almost
900million people, without adequate daily food
intake (gure 1f).
0
10
20
30
40
20112006200119961991
Undernourishment prevalence (% of population)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America
& Caribbean
East Asia & Pacic
South Asia
And fewer people lacking
sufficient food energy
1f
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization and World Development
Indicators database.
0

20
40
60
20112005200019951990
Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under age 5)
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
East Asia & Pacic
Europe & Central Asia
Fewer malnourished
children
1e
Source: World Development Indicators database.
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
Sub-Saharan
Africa
South
Asia
Middle East
& North
Africa
Latin
America &

Caribbean
Europe
& Central
Asia
East Asia
& Pacic
Average daily income of people living on less than 2005 PPP
$1.25 a day, 2008 (2005 PPP $)
Poorer
than poor
1d
Source: World Bank PovcalNet.