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Chapter 069. Tissue Engineering
(Part 1)
Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 69. Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering: Introduction
The origins of tissue engineering date to the sixteenth century when
complex skin flaps were used to replace the nose. Modern tissue engineering
combines the disciplines of materials sciences and life sciences to replace a
diseased or damaged organ with a living, functional substitute.
The most common tissue engineering approach combines cells and matrices
to produce a living structure (Fig. 69-1). These strategies also include the use of
scaffolding, cells, and growth factors to shape new tissues. The term regenerative
medicine has emerged as a concept inclusive of tissue engineering and stem cell
therapy (Chap. 67).
Figure 69-1
Schematic of basic principles of tissue engineering.
[From Langer R, Vacanti J: Tissue engineering. Science 260:1993 (Fig. 1),
with permission.]
Cellular Components of Tissue Engineering
The foundation of tissue engineering is the combination of a three-
dimensional scaffold with live and functional cells. Cells used in tissue
engineering should be easily accessible and capable of proliferation while
maintaining their differentiated function. There are three possible sources for cells:
autologous, allogenic, and xenogenic.
Autologous cells are isolated directly from the patient. They have the