Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment (Part 7) ppsx

Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements
and Dietary Assessment
(Part 7)

Nutritional Status Assessment
Full nutritional status assessment is reserved for seriously ill patients and
those at very high nutritional risk when the cause of malnutrition is still uncertain
after initial clinical evaluation and dietary assessment. It involves multiple
dimensions, including documentation of dietary intake, anthropometric
measurements, biochemical measurements of blood and urine, clinical
examination, health history, and functional status. For further discussion of
nutritional assessment, see Chap. 72.
Global Considerations
New nutrient-based terminologies with dietary reference intakes have been
developed not only in North America, but in the United Kingdom and Europe, and
by the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations (WHO/FAO). These different standards have many similarities in
their basic concepts, definitions, and levels of nutrients recommended, but there
are some differences, owing to assumptions made, functional criteria chosen, the
timeliness of the evidence reviewed, and expert judgment.

Further Readings

Gibson RS: Principles of Nutritional Assessment
, 2d ed. Oxford University
Press, London, 2005
Murphy SP et al: Multivitamin-
multimineral supplements’ effect on total
nutrient intake. Am J Clin Nutr 85(1): 280S, 2007
Shils ME et al (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease
, 10th ed.

Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005

Bibliography

Standing C
ommittee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference
Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine:
Dietary Reference
Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine,
Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc.
Washington,
National Academy Press, 2001
———: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment.
Washington, National Academy Press, 2000
———:
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium,
Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, National Academy Press, 1997
———:
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin,
Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline.
Washington, National Academy Press, 1999
———: Dietary Reference
Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and
Carotenoids. Washington, National Academy Press, 2000
———:
Dietary Reference Intakes: Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat,
Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids.
Washington, National
Academy Press, 2002
———:

Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride,
and Sulfate. Washington, National Academy Press, 2004
WHO/FAO: Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Rome, FAO, 2002