Sams Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML and CSS in One Hour a Day (5th Edition) P87 potx

Text Properties

vertical-align
Usage Affects the vertical positioning of the boxes generated by an inline-level element.
Values
baseline | sub | super | top | texttop | middle | bottom | text-bottom | sub | <percentage>
CSS2 Values
inherit
Initial
baseline
Applies to Inline-level and table-cell elements.
Inherited No.

white-space
Usage Specifies how white space inside the element is handled.
CSS1 Values
normal | pre | nowrap
CSS2 Values
inherit
Initial
normal
Applies to Block-level elements.
Inherited Yes.

word-spacing
Usage Specifies the spacing behavior between words.
Values
normal | <length>
CSS2 Values
inherit
Initial

normal
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.



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Visual Effects Properties


Visual Effects Properties
The following properties affect visual rendering of an element.
clip
Usage Defines which portion of an element's rendered content is visible.
CSS2 Values
<shape> | auto | inherit
Initial
auto
Applies to Block-level and replaced elements.
Inherited No.

overflow
Usage Specifies whether the contents of a block-level element are clipped when they overflow
the element's box.
CSS2 Values
visible | hidden | scroll | auto | inherit
Initial
visible
Applies to Block-level and replaced elements.
Inherited No.

visibility
Usage Specifies whether the boxes generated by an element are rendered.
CSS2 Values
visible | hidden | collapse | inherit
Initial
inherit
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.



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Aural Style Sheet Properties


Aural Style Sheet Properties
Aural style sheets are provided for the blind and visually impaired communities. Page contents are read
to the user. The aural style sheet "canvas" uses dimensional space to render sounds in specified
sequences as page elements are displayed and selected.
azimuth
Usage Enables you to position a sound. Designed for spatial audio, which requires binaural
headphones or five-speaker home theater systems.
CSS2 Values
<angle> | [[left-side | far-left | left | center-left | center | center-right | right |
far-right | right-side] || behind ]| leftwards | rightwards | inherit
Initial
center
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

cue
Usage Shorthand property for cue-before and cue-after. Plays a sound before or after an
element is rendered.
CSS2 Values
cue-before | cue-after | inherit
Initial Not defined (shorthand property).
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

cue-after, cue-before
Usage Plays a sound after (cue-after) or before (cue-before) an element is rendered.
CSS2 Values
<uri> | none | inherit Initial none
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

elevation
Usage Enables you to position the angle of a sound. For use with spatial audio (binaural
headphones or five-speaker home theater setups required).
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Aural Style Sheet Properties
CSS2 Values <angle> | below | level | above | higher | lower | inherit
Initial
level
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

pause
Usage A shorthand property for setting pause-before and pause-after in the same location in

the style sheet.
CSS2 Values
<time> | <percentage> | inherit Initial Depends on browser.
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

pause-after, pause-before
Usage Specifies a pause to be observed before or after speaking an element's content.
CSS2 Values
<time> | <percentage> | inherit
Initial Depends on browser.
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

pitch
Usage Specifies the average pitch (frequency) of the speaking voice.
CSS2 Values
<frequency> | x-low | low | medium | high | x-high | inherit
Initial
medium
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.
Notes Average pitch for the standard male voice is around 120Hz; for the female voice, it is
around 210Hz.

pitch-range
Usage Specifies variation in average pitch. Used to vary inflection and add animation to the
voice.
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Aural Style Sheet Properties

CSS2 Values <number> | inherit
Initial
50
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

play-during
Usage Specifies a sound to be played as a background while an element's content is spoken.
CSS2 Values
<uri> | mix? | repeat? | auto | none | inherit
Initial
auto
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

richness
Usage Specifies the richness, or brightness, of the speaking voice.
CSS2 Values
<number> | inherit
Initial
50
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

speak
Usage Specifies whether text will be rendered aurally, and in what manner.
CSS2 Values
normal | none | spell-out | inherit
Initial
normal

Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

speak-header
Usage Specifies whether table headers are spoken before every cell, or only before a cell when
it is associated with a different header than a previous cell.
CSS2 Values
once | always | inherit
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Aural Style Sheet Properties
Initial
once
Applies to Elements that have header information.
Inherited Yes.

speak-numeral
Usage Speaks numbers as individual digits (100 is spoken as "one zero zero") or as a
continuous full number (100 is spoken as "one hundred").
CSS2 Values
digits | continuous | inherit
Initial
continuous
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

speak-punctuation
Usage Speaks punctuation literally (period, comma, and so on) or naturally as various pauses.
CSS2 Values
code | none | inherit Initial none
Applies to All elements.

Inherited Yes.

speech-rate
Usage Specifies the speaking rate of the voice.
CSS2 Values
<number> | x-slow | slow | medium | fast | x-fast | faster | slower | inherit
Initial
medium
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

stress
Usage Specifies the height of local peaks in the intonation of a voice. Controls the amount of
inflection within stress markers.
CSS2 Values
<number> | inherit
Initial
50
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Aural Style Sheet Properties
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.
Notes A companion to the
pitch-range property.

voice-family
Usage Specifies a comma-separated list of voice family names.
CSS2 Values
<specific-voice> | <generic-voice> | inherit
Initial Depends on browser.

Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.

volume
Usage Specifies the median volume of a waveform. Ranges from 0 (minimum audible volume
level) to
100 (maximum comfortable level).
CSS2 Values
<number> | <percentage> | silent | x-soft | soft | medium | loud | x-loud | inherit
Initial
medium
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.
Notes
silent renders no sound at all. x-soft = 0, soft = 25, medium = 50, loud = 75, and x-
loud
= 100.



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Generated Content/Automatic Numbering Properties


Generated Content/Automatic Numbering Properties
CSS2 introduces properties and values that enable authors to render content automatically (for
example, numbered lists can be generated automatically). Authors specify style and location of
generated content with
:before and :after pseudo-elements that indicate the page elements before and
after which content is generated automatically.

content
Usage Used with :before and :after pseudo-elements to generate content in a document.
CSS2 Values
<string> | <uri> | <counter> | attr(X) | open-quote | close-quote | no-open-quote | no-
close-quote
| inherit
Initial
empty string
Applies to :before and :after pseudo-elements.
Inherited All.

counter-increment
Usage Accepts one or more names of counters (identifiers), each one optionally followed by an
integer. The integer indicates the amount of increment for every occurrence of the
element.
CSS2 Values
<identifier> | <integer> | none | inherit
Initial
none
Applies to All elements.
Inherited No.

counter-reset
Usage Contains a list of one or more names of counters. The integer gives the value that the
counter is set to on each occurrence of the element.
CSS2 Values
<identifier> | <integer> | none | inherit
Initial
none
Applies to All elements.

Inherited No.

marker-offset
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Generated Content/Automatic Numbering Properties
Usage Specifies the distance between the nearest border edges of a marker box and its
associated principal box.
CSS2 Values
<length> | auto | inherit
Initial
auto
Applies to Elements with display property set to marker.
Inherited No.

quotes
Usage Specifies quotation marks for embedded quotations.
CSS2 Values
<string> | <string>+ | none | inherit
Initial Depends on browser.
Applies to All elements.
Inherited Yes.



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Paged Media Properties


Paged Media Properties
Normally, a web page appears as a continuous page. CSS2 introduces the concept of paged media,

which is designed to split a document into one or more discrete pages for display on paper,
transparencies, computer screens, and so on. Page size, margins, page breaks, widows, and orphans
can all be set with the following properties and values. Unfortunately, these properties aren't supported
by any current browsers.
marks
Usage Specifies whether cross marks, crop marks, or both should be rendered just outside the
page box. Used in high-quality printing.
CSS2 Values
crop | cross | none | inherit
Initial
none
Applies to Page context.
Inherited N/A.

orphans
Usage Specifies the minimum number of lines of a paragraph that must be left at the bottom
of a page.
CSS2 Values
<integer> | inherit
Initial
2
Applies to Block-level elements.
Inherited Yes.

page
Usage Used to specify a particular type of page where an element should be displayed.
CSS2 Values
<identifier> :left | :right | auto
Initial
auto

Applies to Block-level elements.
Inherited Yes.
Notes By adding
:left or :right, the element can be forced to fall on a left or right page.

page-break-after, page-break-before
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