Sat - MC Grawhill part 16 doc

140 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT
28. the act of abstaining
_____________________________________________
29. the act of touching something that is palpable
_____________________________________________
30. the act of cajoling
_____________________________________________
Write the word with the given root.
31. to urge into motion (citare)
_____________________________________________
32. a prediction of the future ( pro-)
_____________________________________________
33. lacking feeling (a-)
_____________________________________________
34. relating to smell (olere)
_____________________________________________
35. extremely poor individual ( pau)
_____________________________________________
36. to comfort (solari)
_____________________________________________
37. economical ( frux)
_____________________________________________
38. to stir up (vocare)
_____________________________________________
39. worn out (crepare)
_____________________________________________
40. to make less (curtus)
_____________________________________________
41. regret (mordere)
_____________________________________________
Vocabulary Unit 5 Exercise Set III

1. Can you be parsimonious with words? Y N
2. Is an omen necessarily bad? Y N
3. Does something savory taste good? Y N
4. Is something obsolete new? Y N
5. Does someone thrifty waste money? Y N
Write the word with the given meaning.
6. lacking emotion i__________________
7. repentant c__________________
8. to foretell p__________________
9. without money i__________________
10. outmoded o__________________
11. capable of being felt p__________________
12. to make less c__________________
13. to cause by persuasion i__________________
14. ancient a__________________
15. a forewarning p__________________
16. relating to taste g__________________
17. to refrain from action a__________________
18. to persuade with flattery c__________________
19. deeply emotional p__________________
20. economical t__________________
21. to urge strongly e__________________
22. humiliation i__________________
23. payment r__________________
24. able to be bribed v__________________
25. to stop before it begins t__________________
Write the correct form of the italicized word.
26. showing apathy
_____________________________________________
27. to act as a deterrent

_____________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE VOCABULARY 141
Unit 5 Exercise Set I Answer Key
1. B If the assistant only spoke when it was absolutely
necessary, then he was frugal or sparing with his
words.
improvident = not economical
parsimonious = excessively thrifty
antiquated = very old
clairvoyant = having great foresight
sympathetic = feeling pity
2. A The but indicates a contrast. Extra benefits
like a dental plan, a vacation, and a car are called
perks or perquisites.
perquisite = a perk, a dividend
harbinger = a sign of something to come
mercenary = one who works for the highest
bidder
impediment = an obstruction
resolution = firm determination
3. A The phrase in spite indicates a contrast in the
second half of the sentence. If he was aggressive
in getting us to do something illicit (illegal), the
contrast suggests that we didn’t give in. Words
like persuade and stay away would work.
goad = to urge; refrain = to hold back from doing
cajole = to persuade; stagnate = to remain still
coax = to persuade; rebound = to bounce back
impede = to block; abstain = to avoid something
dissuade = to deter; recuperate = to recover

4. B The sentence implies that the team has noth-
ing left to play for. The fact that they also consis-
tently lose by forty points indicates that they are
playing with a lack of heart.
fortitude
= strength of mind; strength to endure
apathy = lack of concern or effort
dread = profound fear; anxious anticipation
vigor = physical energy or strength
resolution = firm determination
5. C The word future is the key context clue. What
can one do to the future? A wise man in particu-
lar might be able to predict it.
olfactory = related to smell; augur = to predict
the future
tactile = touchable; portend = to predict the
future
prescient = clairvoyant; divine = to predict the
future
prophetic = prescient; console = to comfort
clairvoyant = able to predict future; perjure = to
lie under oath
6. B The word departure indicates a contrast, and
the parallelism between the clauses sets up the
contrast. The two words must be the opposite of
bland and mundane, respectively.
pungent = strong; hedonistic = pleasure-seeking
savory = delicious; transcendent = inspiring
piquant = spicy; artificial = not genuine
obsolete = outmoded; supreme = great

palatable = edible; imperious = overbearing
7.
A The second clause logically extends the idea
of the first. The decision was done for pragmatic
(practical) reasons rather than out of generosity
to the employees. Look for a word that means
generous.
magnanimous = generous
mellifluous = smooth-flowing
rigid = inflexible
masochistic = enjoying one’s own pain
frugal = thrifty; disinclined to waste money
8. A The woman now knows first hand about the
pain and discomfort associated with childbirth.
Because she has now experienced what her mother
went through, she can now empathize with her
about the sensations.
empathize = to identify with another’s feelings
collaborate = work together
perpetuate = cause to continue
premeditate = plan in advance
9. E If the contrite behavior was not an act, then
the defendant must truly feel regret for what was
done.
apprehension = nervousness
indigence = neediness
foresight = ability to see things coming
bliss = extreme happiness
remorse = regret
10. D Even though indicates an unexpected twist.

The inability to walk without a limp is certainly a
nuisance. It would make sense that the first word
should mean hindrance and the second word
should mean prevent.
deterrent = something that discourages; spur =
to goad into action
barrier = a block; impel = to urge
abstinence = avoidance; thwart = to stop
impediment = barrier; hamper = to hinder
pathos = sorrow;
hinder = to obstruct
142 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT
1. PATHOS: emotion
apathy, sympathy, empathy,
osteopathy, pathogen,
pathetic, psychopath
2. DUCERE: to lead
induce, conduction,
conducive, produce, deduce
3. TERRERE: to frighten
deter, deterrent, terrible,
terrify, terror, terrific
4. ANTI-: against
antipathy, antibiotic,
antonym, antiseptic,
antagonist, antisocial
5. AUDIRE: to hear
audition, auditorium,
auditory, inaudible, audible
6. FORE-: before

foremost, foretell, forethought,
forehand, forecast, forebear,
foresight
7. SCIENTIA: knowledge
scientist, omniscient,
prescient, conscientious
8. VOCARE: to call
vocabulary, convocation,
provoke, revoke, convoke,
vocation, invoke, advocate,
equivocate
9. POR-: forward
portent, portend, portray
10. SUADERE: to urge
sway, persuasion, persuade,
dissuade
11. MONERE: to warn
premonition, summon,
admonish, monitor
12. TENERE: to hold
sustain, abstain, contain,
detain, entertain, tenable,
tenacity, pertinacity, retain,
obtain, pertain
13. PALPARE: to touch
palpate, palpable, palpatation
14. INDU: in, within
indigenous, industrial,
indigent, industry
15. CERNERE: to separate

discern, certain, concern,
excrement, secretary
Unit 5 Exercise Sets II and III Answer Key
Exercise Set II
Exercise Set III
1. Y
2. N
3. Y
4. N
5. N
6. impassive
7. contrite
8. portend
9. insolvent, impecunious
10. obsolete
11. palpable
12. curtail
13. impel, induce
14. archaic
15. premonition
16. gustatory
17. abstain
18. cajole
19. poignant
20. thrifty
21. exhort
22. ignominy
23. remuneration
24. venal
25. thwart

26. apathetic
27. deter
28. abstinence
29. palpation
30. cajolery
31. incite
32. prophecy
33. apathetic
34. olfactory
35. pauper
36. console
37. frugal
38. provoke
39. decrepit
40. curtail
41. remorse
CHAPTER 3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE VOCABULARY 143
Vocabulary Unit 6
Vocabulary Lesson 36: What the Heck?
Today’s roots: gradi to step, to go equi equal
crypto secret dis- apart
❑ ambiguous (adj) unclear in meaning (ambigere to wander)
The teacher’s ambiguous instructions left us with no idea of what we were supposed to do.
Synonyms: vague, obscure Antonyms: apparent, lucid
❑ obscure (adj) not easily understood; indistinct (obscurus darkness)
The comedian’s jokes contained obscure references that left the audience confused and silent.
Synonyms: vague, enigmatic, cryptic Antonyms: evident, lucid
❑ equivocal (adj) deliberately ambiguous or misleading (equi same + vocare to call)
The defendant’s equivocal answers made it hard for the prosecutor to prove his case.
Synonyms: evasive, indirect Antonyms: straightforward, forthright, candid

❑ convoluted (adj) intricate and hard to follow (con- together + volvere to roll)
The instructions in this manual are so convoluted that I don’t even know where to begin.
Synonyms: cryptic, inscrutable, incomprehensible Antonyms: coherent, intelligible
❑ cryptic (adj) enigmatic; mysterious (crypto concealed, secret)
The soldier’s cryptic reply over the radio to his captain suggested that something was amiss.
Synonyms: cryptic, obscure, incomprehensible Antonyms: coherent, intelligible
❑ unfathomable (adj) impossible to comprehend (un- not + fathom to grasp)
The idea that time slows as our speed increases is unfathomable to most of us.
Synonyms: baffling, impenetrable, inscrutable Antonyms: coherent, intelligible
❑ nebulous (adj) vague; indefinite (nebula mist)
Bill’s memory of the car accident was nebulous; he remembered only bits and pieces of the ordeal.
Synonyms: hazy, unclear Antonym: lucid
❑ enigma (n) a mystery or riddle (oenigma riddle)
Synonyms: conundrum, riddle
❑ esoteric (adj) difficult to understand (Gr esoterikos belonging to an inner circle)
❑ ramble (v) to wander aimlessly, either verbally or physically
Synonyms: stray, babble
❑ desultory (adj) aimless; prone to random digressions (desultorious skipping about)
❑ digress (v) to go off topic (dis- away + gradi to step, to go)
Synonyms: diverge, deviate, ramble
❑ profound (adj) deep; insightful ( pro- forth + fundus bottom)
Synonyms: philosophical, sagacious
144 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT
Vocabulary Lesson 37: True or False?
Today’s roots: verax true candere to shine
genuinus natural apo- away
❑ candor (n) honesty; straightforwardness (candere to shine)
I appreciated my doctor’s candor; I prefer a straightforward approach when discussing my health.
Synonyms: forthrightness, frankness Antonyms: disingenuousness, fraudulence, equivocation
❑ affect (v) to put on airs; to behave unnaturally

Hoping to fit in while in London, Jules affected a British accent.
Synonyms: feign, impersonate
❑ veracity (n) truthfulness (verax true)
Since we can’t test the veracity of his statements, we will never know for sure if he was telling the truth.
Synonyms: sincerity, candor Antonyms: fallacy, falsehood
❑ debunk (v) to expose something as fraudulent (bunkum nonsense)
The DA knew that the cop was crooked and made it his mission to debunk the officer’s claims.
Synonyms: uncover, reveal Antonyms: conceal, camouflage
❑ apocryphal (adj) of doubtful authenticity (apo- away + kryptein hide)
Before they found out it was a fake, the apocryphal Van Gogh painting sold for over a million dollars.
Synonyms: counterfeit, forged Antonym: authentic
❑ forthright (adj) honest; straightforward
The student’s forthright admission of guilt was appreciated by the principal, who reduced his suspension.
Synonyms: candid, frank Antonyms: deceitful, treacherous
❑ disingenuous (adj) insincere; crafty (dis- away from + genuinus natural)
Daphne’s expression of remorse was clearly disingenuous, because she did not feel any regret for her actions.
Synonyms: deceitful, treacherous Antonyms: forthright, candid
❑ candid (adj) straightforward; honest (candere to shine)
Synonyms: frank, forthright
❑ dubious (adj) doubtful (dubium doubt)
Synonyms: suspect, questionable
❑ prevaricate (v) to lie ( pre- before + varicare to straddle)
Synonyms: equivocate, fabricate
❑ verisimilitude (n) the quality of appearing to be true (verax true + similis like)
❑ outspoken (adj) candid and unsparing in speech
Synonyms: forthright, frank
❑ fraudulent (adj) deceitful (fraus deceit)
Synonyms: duplicitous; crooked
❑ facade (n) outward appearance; a false front ( faccia face)
Synonyms: superficiality, frontispiece

CHAPTER 3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE VOCABULARY 145
Vocabulary Lesson 38: Arts and Entertainment
Today’s roots: curare to take care of levis light in weight
jocus joke para- beside, beyond
❑ mirth (n) merriment; laughter
The little boy could not contain his mirth when playing with the bubbles.
Synonyms: jollity, levity, gaiety Antonyms: melancholy, dejection, despondency
❑ aesthetic (adj) relating to beauty or a theory of beauty (aisthetikos Gr perception)
The beautiful colors that emerged from the crystal when struck by the sunlight were aesthetically pleasing.
❑ satire (n) a mocking literary or dramatic work (satira a poetic medley)
Animal Farm by George Orwell is a satire that mocks socialism.
Synonyms: burlesque, parody, lampoon, travesty, spoof
❑ curator (n) the individual in charge of a museum (curare to take care of)
The curator in charge of the Louvre in Paris controls the Mona Lisa, perhaps the world’s most famous painting.
❑ witticism (n) a clever or funny remark
Will Rogers was famous for his witticisms about American life.
Synonyms: epigram, bon mot, quip, badinage
❑ jocular (adj) done in a joking way ( jocus joke)
Jeff’s jocular tone relaxed the visitors trapped in the elevator; he even made a few people laugh.
Synonyms: facetious, waggish, salty Antonyms: despondent, somber, morose, plaintive, lugubrious
❑ malapropism (n) the outrageous misuse of a word
Saying “for all intensive purposes” instead of “for all intents and purposes” is a classic example of a malapropism.
Synonyms: misusage, solecism, catachresis
❑ levity (n) a lack of seriousness (levis light in weight)
Synonyms: frivolity, flippancy
❑ bard (n) a skilled poet
Synonyms: sonneteer, versifier
❑ parody (n) a spoof ( para beside + ode song)
Synonyms: burlesque, lampoon, travesty, satire
❑ epic (n) a lengthy poem that celebrates the life of a hero (Gr epos word, story)

❑ aesthete (n) a person interested in the pursuit of beauty (Gr aisthetikos sensitive)
❑ dilettante (n) one who dabbles in an art (dilettare to delight)
Synonym: amateur
❑ lampoon (v) to make fun of
Synonyms: satirize, mock, parody
146 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT
Vocabulary Lesson 39: You’re in Trouble
Today’s roots: culpa blame censura judgment
dictare to declare probus honest, worthy
❑ chastise (v) to punish or criticize (castus pure)
The congressman was chastised in the media for his ties to big business.
Synonyms: condemn, rebuke Antonyms: applaud, hail
❑ reprove (v) to scold (re- not + probus worthy)
The teacher reproved her students strongly for talking during her lecture.
Synonyms: rebuke, berate, reprimand Antonyms: hail, compliment, acclaim
❑ reprehensible (adj) worthy of blame or censure
The woman could not believe that her son would do something so reprehensible as torturing small animals.
Synonyms: culpable, disgraceful, censurable Antonym: laudable
❑ culpable (adj) deserving blame (culpa blame)
Although the DNA evidence clearly proved he was culpable, the defendant continued to claim innocence.
Synonyms: guilty, blameworthy Antonyms: innocent, blameless, sinless
❑ indict (v) to accuse of an offense (dictare to declare)
The mob boss was indicted on ten counts of money laundering.
Synonyms: accuse, impeach Antonyms: acquit, exonerate
❑ reproach (v) to blame; to express disapproval
After hitting the softball through the window, Ella was reproached by her mother for being so careless.
Synonyms: censure, condemn, rebuke Antonyms: compliment, commend
❑ rebuke (v) to scold (re- back + buke to strike)
Because Belinda was rebuked the last time she left her toys out, she cleaned up thoroughly to avoid another scolding.
Synonyms: reprove, reproach, reprehend, reprimand, chide

❑ castigate (v) to punish severely
Synonyms: reprimand, berate, chastise
❑ impeach (v) to accuse of wrongdoing (im- in + pedica shackle)
Synonyms: indict, charge
❑ irreproachable (adj) beyond blame
Synonyms: innocent, impeccable
❑ berate (v) to punish severely (be- thoroughly + rate to scold)
Synonyms: reprimand, castigate, chastise
❑ culprit (n) one guilty of a crime (culpa blame)
Synonyms: offender, criminal
❑ acquit (v) to clear of a charge (a- to + quite free)
Synonyms: vindicate, exonerate
❑ reprimand (v) to scold (reprimare to reprove)
Synonyms: reprove, castigate, censure
CHAPTER 3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE VOCABULARY 147
Vocabulary Lesson 40: Working Hard
Today’s roots: fatigare tire sedere to sit
metus fear integer whole
❑ diligence (n) hard work and dedication (diligentia attentiveness)
Ty’s diligence paid off when his boss gave him a promotion and a raise.
Synonyms: assiduousness, industry, perseverance Antonyms: laziness, indolence
❑ scrupulous (adj) careful, ethical (scruples ethical standards)
Always a scrupulous student, Simone made sure she got her assignments in on time.
Synonyms: conscientious, honorable, meticulous Antonyms: immoral, wanton
❑ meticulous (adj) attentive to detail (metus fear)
The accountant was incredibly meticulous; no detail ever slipped by her.
Synonyms: thorough, painstaking Antonyms: lackadaisical, cavalier
❑ indefatigable (adj) untiring (in- not + fatigare to tire)
Despite working 100 hours per week, the lawyer was indefatigable, remaining energetic about his job.
Synonyms: tireless, unremitting, dogged Antonyms: listless, lethargic

❑ spartan (adj) full of self-discipline (from Sparta whose army was known for its discipline and valor)
Alissa’s spartan regimen included learning fifty new vocabulary words each week.
Synonyms: ascetic, rigorous Antonyms: cavalier, lackadaisical
❑ painstaking (adj) meticulous; paying great attention to detail
After eleven painstaking hours in the operating room, the surgeon declared the brain surgery a complete success.
Synonyms: thorough, meticulous Antonyms: lackadaisical, cavalier
❑ assiduous (adj) hard working (sedere to sit)
My parents are always telling me that my grades would improve if I were more assiduous in my studies.
Synonyms: diligent, industrious Antonyms: indolent, slothful
❑ prolific (adj) extremely productive ( pro- forth + facere to make)
Synonyms: productive, abundant
❑ integrity (n) honesty and virtue (integer whole)
Synonym: purity
❑ enterprising (adj) full of initiative and imagination (entreprendre to undertake)
❑ entrepreneur (n) a self-made businessman (entreprendre to undertake)
Synonyms: magnate, industrialist
❑ industrious (adj) hard-working; diligent
Synonym: assiduous
❑ resolute (adj) determined; willing to push on
Synonyms: dogged, steadfast, tenacious
148 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT
Vocabulary Lesson 41: The Faithful and the Unfaithful
Today’s roots: orthos straight, strict sub- under
surgere to rise klan to break
❑ conform (v) to do what one is expected to do (com- together + formare to form)
His desire to avoid punishment at all costs causes him to conform to his parents’ many rules.
Synonyms: comply, obey Antonyms: defy, rebel
❑ orthodoxy (n) strict adherence to tradition (orthos straight, strict + doxa opinion)
The Amish are well known for their orthodoxy; tradition is very important to their culture.
Synonyms: conventionality, traditionalism Antonyms: heresy, apostasy

❑ iconoclast (n) one who challenges tradition (eikon Gr image + klan to break)
Always an iconoclast, Michael did everything in his power to do the opposite of what was expected.
Synonyms: heretic, apostate, rebel, nonconformist, infidel Antonyms: conformist, traditionalist
❑ heresy (n) opinion or action that violates traditional belief
In many villages in colonial New England, to question religious doctrine was considered heresy.
Synonyms: iconoclasm, apostasy Antonyms: sycophancy, toadyism, compliance, submission, obsequy
❑ insurgent (adj) rebellious (in- against + surgere to rise)
The villagers became more insurgent each day that the army remained in their midst.
Synonyms: insubordinate, mutinous Antonym: conformist, yes-man, toady, sycophant
❑ convention (n) a practice that comports with the norms of a society
Ms. Frazier’s teaching style went against convention and thus angered the conservative school board.
Synonyms: protocol, practice Antonym: irregularity
❑ insubordination (n) refusal to submit to authority (in- against + sub- under + ordinare arrange)
By punishing all insubordination, the commander showed his troops that no disobedience would be tolerated.
Synonyms: agitation, subversion, rebellion Antonym: pacification
❑ renegade (n) an outlaw (negare to deny)
Synonyms: defector, traitor
❑ insurrection (n) an uprising (in- against + surgere to rise)
Synonyms: coup, mutiny, rebellion
❑ dissident (n) one who strongly opposes accepted opinion (dis- apart + sedere to sit)
Synonym: rebel
❑ mutiny (n) a rebellion
Synonyms: revolt, riot, uprising
❑ servile (adj) overly submissive (servus slave)
Synonym: obsequious
❑ heretic (n) one who dissents
Synonyms: rebel, iconoclast
❑ apostasy (n) abandonment of a belief (apo- away from + stanai to stand)
Synonym: heresy
CHAPTER 3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE VOCABULARY 149

Vocabulary Lesson 42: How Rude!
Today’s roots: pudere to cause shame trux fierce
solere accustomed haut high
❑ insolent (adj) rudely disrespectful (in- not + solere accustomed)
The despot punished the rebel’s insolence with a lengthy prison sentence.
Synonyms: impudent, impertinent Antonyms: courteous, deferential, decorous
❑ affront (n) an insult (afronter Fr to confront)
When he found out that his dad had let him win, Frank took it as an affront to his tennis skills.
Synonyms: slur, barb, aspersion, obloquy Antonyms: tribute, exaltation, veneration
❑ haughty (adj) overly proud (haut high)
The haughty young goalie felt that he had no equal in the league.
Synonyms: conceited, supercilious, cavalier, arrogant Antonyms: modest, diffident
❑ crass (adj) unrefined
Luke’s crass behavior at the dinner table horrified the princess, who had never seen such poor manners.
Synonyms: boorish, oafish, philistine Antonyms: decorous, civilized, refined
❑ impudent (adj) rudely bold (im- not + pudere to cause shame)
The young soldier’s impudence would be punished; it is not wise to undermine the authority of a superior officer.
Synonyms: insolent, impertinent, audacious Antonyms: courteous, civilized
❑ boorish (adj) crude, barbaric (unrelated to boar, a wild pig, but piggish is a close synonym)
The boorish barbarians ripped at the meat with their bare hands and spit bones out onto the table.
Synonyms: crass, oafish, barbaric, philistine Antonyms: decorous, polite
❑ irreverence (n) disrespect (ir- not + vereri to respect)
The irreverence with which he mocked his teachers showed he had no respect for their authority.
Synonyms: impertinence, flippancy Antonym: deference
❑ flippant (adj) disrespectfully jocular; using humor inappropriately
Synonyms: irreverent, impertinent
❑ brazen (adj) bold and insolent
The thieves pulled off a brazen midday heist
Synonym: impudent
❑ truculent (adj) cruel and aggressive (trux fierce)

Synonyms: obstreperous, bellicose
❑ effrontery (n) boldness, brashness
Synonyms: insolence, impudence
❑ impertinent (adj) inappropriately bold (im- not + pertinere to concern)
Synonyms: impudent, brazen
❑ glacial (adj) having a cold personality (like a glacier)
Synonym: frigid
❑ rebuff (v) to refuse in an abrupt or rude manner
Synonyms: reject, snub