Participatory Action Oriented Training for Household Water and Sanitation An Implementation Manual ppt

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Participatory Action Oriented
Training
for
Household Water and Sanitation
An Implementation Manual
National Target Program II for Water and Sanitation
December 2009
NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
PREFACE
This Implementation Manual has been developed to guide provinces who wish to use
Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) as an IEC and community development tool to
improve water and sanitation and environment at the household level.
The Implementation Manual has been developed from experiences in pilots under the
National Target Program (NTPII) in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces as well as other
applications of PAOT in Vietnam.
Penelope Dutton, international consultant
Ho Thi Tuyet Hong, Tien Giang WU, trainer
Dinh Xuan Lam, national consultant, IEC specialist/trainer.

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I WHY CHOOSE PAOT? 1
1 What is PAOT? 1
2 Why Choose PAOT? 1
3 Core Principles of PAOT 1
II PAOT PROCESS 2
1 Step 1: Decide Who’s the Lead Agency 2
2 Step 2: Decide the Scale of PAOT 2
3 Step 3: Discuss with Local Authorities 2

4 Step 4: Prepare a detailed Plan and Budget 3
5 Step 5: Hire a Specialist PAOT Trainer 3
6 Step 6: Develop Household Checklists of Target Behaviours 4
7 Step 7: Select and Train Local Communicators 5
8 Step 8: Communicators organize Household Meetings 5
9 Step 9: Monitor the process 5
10 Step 10: Evaluate the Program and Improve 6
III ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 6
1 Questions and Answers on Tien Giang’s WIND Program 6
2 Implementation in Tien Giang 9
3 Additional Resources 10
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Communicator Training Course Outline
Annex 2: Communicator Course Guide
Annex 3: Example Household Checklists
Annex 4: PAOT Lessons Learned from Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak province
Annex 5: Photos
Annex 6: Surveys

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
ABBREVIATIONS
DOH Department of Health
IEC Information Education and Communication
ILO International Labour Organisation
NTPII National Target Program II (for Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation)
PAOT Participatory Action Oriented Training
WIND Work Improvement and Neighbourhood Development

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS
I WHY CHOOSE PAOT?
1 What is PAOT?
Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) is an IEC method which promotes practical
household improvements that families can do on their own. By identifying good local
practices (good examples) and promoting these in the community through visual aids such
as photographs, PAOT inspires households to carry out immediate improvements in their
home environment. The basic idea of PAOT is that good local examples, such as an
inexpensive, home-made handwashing device, or simply covering a well with available
materials, are appropriate to the context, and more convincing to the local households.
2 Why Choose PAOT?
PAOT is simple and practical. If training and implementation is well supported PAOT can
have a positive influence on changing behaviour, sometimes this can happen quickly.
PAOT also helps build up communities by strengthening relationships between households
and developing confidence in communities to solve their own problems.
The method has been proven in Vietnam – it is not a completely new approach, but because
it is so simple and inexpensive PAOT does not get much attention. It was originally
developed by International Labour Organization (ILO) as a useful methodology for
occupational safety and health training. PAOT has improved operating conditions and safety
for farmers, miners, industrial workers, and teachers in several provinces. PAOT has also
been applied in other South East Asian countries to improve efficiency and safety in the work
place, such as mines.
In NTPII, PAOT is being applied to household water and sanitation improvements. The
approach is piloted in Ninh Thuan Province (Luong Son and Hoa Son communes) and in Dak
Lak Province (Ea D’rong and Yang Reh communes). In Ninh Thuan PAOT is being led by the
provincial Department of Health with support from the Women’s Union, while in Dak Lak
pCerwass is leading the process.
3 Core Principles of PAOT
The core principles of PAOT are:

• Build on local practices – choose available local solutions in the community (or a
similar community)
• Focus on positive achievements and build on the strengths of each household to
improve its situation gradually
• Link water and sanitation with improving health and living conditions for the whole
family
• Learn by doing – focus on the “doing” rather than the training and make step-wise
improvements
• Encourage people and communities to share their experiences – this can stimulate
the self-reliance and the enthusiasm of the community and people will come up with

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS
their own ideas and solutions
• Promote people’s involvement – communities understand their conditions best and
can solve their problems by themselves.
This manual will show you the steps to follow to implement PAOT with a qualified trainer or
facilitator.
II PAOT PROCESS
Implementing PAOT requires following some logical steps. This manual will help you follow
the steps.
1 Step 1: Decide Who’s the Lead Agency
Deciding who will be the lead agency for implementing PAOT is important as they will be
responsible for taking PAOT from idea to reality. This is not just financial support but also
spending time and effort to organize training, guide Communicators, and monitor
implementation. Whoever takes the lead role must be committed to seeing the PAOT
through, and be prepared to invest time and money and effort in the process to bring
success. In some provinces the lead implementer has been the Centre for Preventive
Medicine in the Department of Health, or pCerwass, or the Women’s Union.
It is also important to identify other key stakeholders who can help and support PAOT. For

example, the Women’s Union, through its own program of activities, plays an important role
in promoting safe water and sanitation in households. Should they be included as part of
the implementation? It is a good idea to talk to the Provincial Women’s Union and discuss
how they might support PAOT.
Commune People’s Committees are also key stakeholders in PAOT and they must be fully
involved in the process from the very beginning.
2 Step 2: Decide the Scale of PAOT
Where will PAOT be implemented and why? Will it be two pilot communes to begin with,
with a plan to extend to some or all communes in the province in the future? How will you
prioritise where PAOT should be started? Will PAOT be implemented in poor remote
communes or communes that are easy to get to for the implementing agency to visit? A
decision is needed on the scale of PAOT and where it will be implemented first as this will
affect the amount of budget and human resources that are needed.
As a general rule it is better to start small, and learn the process than to try and do too
many areas at once as it is difficult to support and encourage too many communes at one
time.
3 Step 3: Discuss with Local Authorities
It is important to discuss the plan with District and Commune authorities so they understand
the purpose of PAOT and how they might be able to support you with implementation.
These discussions should take place very early in the planning stage. Their local knowledge
might help you with your planning and understanding of the local issues and needs, as these
may be different between communes. Local authorities are critical in unifying the

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implementation plan, choosing commune staff and communicators.
The Commune People’s Committee is a key partner in making PAOT happen in the
community so it is essential to make the time and effort to visit the area in advance and
explain how PAOT works. The relationship with local authorities should be an ongoing one,
throughout the entire implementation and monitoring.

4 Step 4: Prepare a detailed Plan and Budget
Now it is time to put your plan on paper and estimate the costs. Your plan should include a
timeframe of activities, as well as all the items that need to be budgeted for. It is better to
include a generous budget than to cut back costs and not be able to carry out the level of
work and support required.
Typical costs will include:
• PAOT staff time from the key implementing agency (for meetings, planning,
preparing a budget, supervising, reporting)
• Travel for PAOT staff to visit the communes
• Specialist PAOT trainer/facilitator (time, travel costs, accommodation and living)
• Equipment (eg. digital camera)
• Training of staff at district, commune and communicators about the skill to deploy
the PAOT activities in the community (venue fee, training materials, refreshments,
trainee allowances)
• Compiling and producing PAOT Materials (printing of checklists, reporting formats,
handbook)
• Allowances for Communicators and group meetings (household meeting allowances)
• Support costs (small gifts or rewards for role model households, incentives for
Communicators etc).
• Supervision of how communicators carry out the activities in the community (staff
time costs, travel)
• Evaluation (workshop or meeting costs similar to training).
5 Step 5: Hire a Specialist PAOT Trainer
Not everyone can be a PAOT trainer. Master Trainers need to have been trained and
developed skills in promoting self-help initiatives of local people. They should have first hand
experience of implementing PAOT elsewhere so they can guide you in the process, not just
be the “Trainer”. Their teaching style needs to be highly participatory and respectful of
community ideas.
Find a good trainer by talking to others who have implemented PAOT. A good starting point
is to contact the following people or organizations:

• Tien Giang Women’s Union, Ms Ho Tuyet Hong
• Ninh Thuan Department of Health, Dr Khanh
• Dak Lak pCerwass, Mr Pham Phu Bon
• Soc Trang Women’s Union, Ms Trinh
• UNICEF
• National Women’s Union, Hanoi

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS
6 Step 6: Develop Household Checklists of Target
Behaviours
Compiling and producing materials for PAOT is a critical step.
You will need expert support to identify and photograph local low cost, practical examples of
water and sanitation solutions. To do this you will need to have some desirable behaviours in
mind and discuss these with local stakeholders such as the Commune People’s Committee,
Health Centre, Women’s Union, or Farmers Union. They can help you locate some good
examples in the commune, and can confirm what are appropriate target behaviours. For
example, if there is no piped water scheme in the community and none is planned then
connecting to the piped water scheme should not be a target behaviour.
It is important to choose practical low cost solutions as examples. When the community
carefully observes and admires good solutions from other people who are in similar
conditions, they can easily see what to do. Simple solutions also motivate people to take
immediate action. Over time they can improve the solution according to their needs and
ability.
Photographs play a vital role in PAOT. The entire training course depends very much on
photographs showing good examples clearly, so the Trainer is the best person to take the
photographs. They can fully understand the value of an improvement, therefore they can
identify which details are necessary to include in each photograph and the collection of
photos.
Use a digital camera to photograph local examples. Before taking a photo, be sure that you

know its exact “message”. Photos in PAOT provide participants with a practical view to solve
problems; therefore during the training workshop, trainers must be sure that the message of
the picture is clear. Don’t take photos with too many details in them but focus on the main
object or example. When you take photos, ask for permission from people and explain your
purposes. Local people are usually very interested and willing to cooperate.
Select the most appropriate photographs for the use in the household checklist. The other
photos can still be used in the training to provide examples of other solutions.
All the training materials, checklists and Communicator guidebooks must be ready in time for
the training.
At the beginning stage, a survey should be undertaken to find out the baseline situation,
before PAOT is implemented. Such a survey will help you compare the changing process and
document the achievements over time.
A baseline survey should relate to the behaviours and practices that you want PAOT to
change, and it should be simple and easy to carry out and understand the data. Baseline
information can be collected on the number of households with toilets, with piped water
connections, with covered wells and so on. You can also collect information from
households on their attitudes and knowledge which could help you to implement PAOT such
as what they know about credit services, and which mass organizations they are members
of. After implementation, the same survey can be carried out and the results compared. The
results can be a powerful tool to prove to leaders the influence of PAOT, or to learn more
about what can be improved in the PAOT process. Appendix 6 contains some more
information about Baseline and Evaluation Surveys.

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7 Step 7: Select and Train Local Communicators
Well before the training, the type of Communicator needed should be discussed with the
Commune representatives. The best Communicators are those that have a personal interest
in improving the water and sanitation situation in their community, and are active in their
community. Often they are role models for good environmental behaviour. It is important

that they are credible to the community.
Communicators should understand their role before the training. When they understand their
role, communicators will better appreciate the need to focus on training content, and pay
attention to what they will need to do on their own after the training.
Local communicators/role models are trained by an experienced PAOT trainer in the
concepts of PAOT and how to motivate households. At the beginning of the course they are
introduced to the action checklist. The training includes observation visits to households, and
practice at running household meetings as part of the training. Staff at district, commune
and village level are also trained in the communicator training (but it is necessary to have
the support from experts and trainers).
8 Step 8: Communicators organize Household Meetings
After training, Communicators initiate meetings with households. During the meeting, the
Communicator explains the household checklist, and facilitates the group to share
experiences, and identify their priorities for improvement. Households develop an action plan
for their own situation and goals, which includes an estimate of the time when each
improvement will be achieved. They each get a household checklist and use this as a
reminder for action and to follow their progress towards their own goals. After the meetings,
motivators should visit the households to: advise households how to improve; record the
changes of households; and report to higher level authorities monthly or quarterly depending
on their agreed reporting schedules.
Households who were good at improving their living conditions should also be motivators as
they have the experience and enthusiasm for the role. Initially they can organize meetings
with their families and neighbours, (with the support of more experienced motivators).
Experience from Ninh Thuan and Daklak shows that: in order to support motivators to carry
out quality activities in their community and support them to have enough enthusiasm from
the beginning, financial support is needed for motivators to conduct meetings and household
visits
immediately
after training. Provincial and district members from the implementing
organizations should allocate time to visit the community at least every 3-6 months to meet

and assist motivators. If there is no financial support to PAOT or provincial/district staff
support, PAOT activities in the community will quickly come to a halt.
9 Step 9: Monitor the process
It is important to monitor both the PAOT process (how it is implemented) and the
improvements made. Monitoring should include supporting and supervising activities in
communes, and villages, and ensuring data is collected continuously during implementation.
Data should be collected on the number of households making improvements, number and
type of improvements of households, and the timeframe for making improvements. A survey
should be taken a second time to get results on the effectiveness of the program and to
prepare for the evaluation workshop (see step 10). The survey can include quantitative
information such as the number of improvements made, but should also include qualitative
information (through interviews with households) to find out the positive and negative

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aspects of the PAOT program.
10 Step 10: Evaluate the Program and Improve
Process monitoring (finding out what is going well and what is not working, and why) will
help identify areas that need to be improved, for example refresher training of
Communicators may be needed. A full review of the PAOT implementation should be made
and the results presented at an Evaluation Workshop. This workshop is the important time to
make plans to improve implementation and multiply the PAOT method.
III ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
1 Questions and Answers on Tien Giang’s WIND Program
Before PAOT was piloted in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces, representatives from these
provinces visited Tien Giang province, where PAOT has been used to improve household
living conditions through the WIND (Work Improvement in Neighbourhoods) program. The
purpose of PAOT was to “improve the labour condition, equipment and environmental
sanitation” of households. The following questions and answers maybe helpful for those
considering introducing a PAOT program, even if the objectives are different.

Question:
How can we request cooperation between agencies to apply PAOT? What does the Women’s
Union do to get DOH’s cooperation in applying PAOT?
Answer:
The WIND program in Tien Giang was initiated by the Women’s Union and Farmers’ Union.
The Women’s Union coordinated with the Famers’ Union to develop this program based on
their networks (such as province -> districts -> communes). Tien Giang chose My Tho as the
pilot city. When developing this program, the Women’s Union and Farmers’ Union worked
with the People’s Committee, and reported to local authorities to get the necessary support
for the program.
Question:
How can we apply a PAOT program in a household if only the wife OR the husband agrees to
it, not both spouses? What should we do if households oppose PAOT?
Answer:
In order to evaluate a family and know the real situation, we must consider the house
carefully from the inside to the garden. However, many residents do not understand the
program, therefore, they sometimes do not cooperate with us. In this case, we choose other
families because this program is based on voluntary participation and gender equality.
Question:
How can we choose the best IEC method for different objectives eg. water and sanitation?
What is the criteria to choose the program’s objectives?
Answer:

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There are different IEC methods that the WSS program has been applying like mass media,
direct communications. PAOT is much more focused on learning by doing, practicing rather
than theory. Direct face to face methods should be simple so that community motivators can
easily apply the methods, such as sharing how they improve water and sanitation models,
based on pictures or models in their household. The indicators should be simple WSS options

such as hygienic wells, latrines, waste treatment, and household organisation.
Program objectives depend on the overall objectives eg. the objectives of the NTPII. Local
variations of the objectives or different priorities are possible.
Question:
How can we communicate information to illiterate people?
Answer:
There is no illiteracy in My Tho city, therefore, we don’t have any special experience on this
issue. However, because we mainly use pictures and visual aids these help all residents to
easily understand and participate in the program even if they cannot read.
Question:
What is the approach of the WIND program? How does the process work? How many
volunteers are there in each commune? How many households are managed by a volunteer?
Answer:
All units/volunteers are guided work through the Women’s Union/Farmer’s Association
branch network and report to the executive committee so that they can be in order to be
supported. by these mass organizations.
Each village/ hamlet chooses and trains some volunteers. Normally, each hamlet has 3
volunteers.
After being trained, the volunteers introduce the WIND program to residents in small groups
at village, hamlet level. The participants are households (both husbands and wives). The
number of households who join the training course, depends on the local condition.
At the WIND class in village/hamlet, after visiting and directly evaluating the households,
learners will discuss in groups and decide the issues which need to be improved. Only 5 or 6
issues should be raised and we should not choose too many things to do at the same time.
We also prioritise which issues should be solved: which ones can be addressed immediately
and which ones may be solved later (around 1 or 3 months).
When some households register to join the program, volunteers arrange time to randomly
visit and evaluate those households.
Question:
How do we find out which solutions are suitable for our area. For example, is hanging a

mosquito net a suitable checklist item? Is this still a positive improvement if there are so
many pigs/cows? How to deal with waste treatment in rural areas?

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Answer:
PAOT changes residents’ behaviours through prioritizing selected behaviour changes, using
available tools and skills in order to solve the problems but in a cost saving manner.
There are some principles to apply this method:
- Focus on the practical solutions.
- Actions should be conducted continuously in order to gradually improve
- Diversify solutions
Therefore, we do not determine the solutions, but only guide the residents to see good
models. The households will choose the solution based on their conditions, local customs.
Hanging a mosquito net will benefit that particular household and over time other
households are likely to adopt that behaviour and also use mosquito nets. Issues like animal
waste are an individual and a community problem. PAOT creates the first step of change by
changing household behaviour so they experience benefits. Over time the community is able
to solve bigger problems by using similar practical steps eg. keeping animals in pens, having
an area for animal waste.
Question:
How to multiply this method in the community? Is this method sustainable? How to retain
the collaborators after finishing the program?
Answer:
The collaborators in Tien Giang are not supported by any budget, they work out of interest
and enthusiasm and continue to work for this reason.
As well as the improvements achieved by the WIND households, the families surrounding
them also get better because they are partly influenced by the program or they are directly
guided by the WIND households.
As a result, this program is pervasive. This is not theoretical but a visual change, therefore, it

is sustainable.
Question:
Can we use WIND as one of the criteria to determine Family Culture?
Answer:
Similar to the criteria for a Healthy Family determined by Ministry of Health, the criteria for
Family Culture is composed and determined by the Ministry of Culture and Information.
These criteria are clearly expressed in written text, so it is not possible to add any indicators
or items from the PAOT household checklist as new criteria.
However, we can use the PAOT program as a path to strive for the Cultural Family (or
Healthy Family) because there are many positive changes to improve the family life and
similarities between the objectives.

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2 Implementation in Tien Giang
The following is a description of some key features of the WIND program in Tien Giang.
Communicators’ awareness and behavior: communicators are enthusiastic, have a rich
sense of responsibility, they consider sanitation promotion as one of their main duties, and
they are proud of their work to create a clean, clear environment.
Local authorities’ support: local authorities’ staffs at commune and village level are
interested very much in activities of sanitation environment scale. They consider water and
sanitation in households as a criteria to vote as a cultural family; sanitation at public places
as a criteria to vote cultural village, commune.
PAOT - Oganisation and implementation methods: The Women’s Union has relied on
the current framework of organization to deploy activities such as: training for staff at district
and commune levels, training for communicators at commune level (women in the
commune, farmers’ union), supporting communicators to organize the residents’ meetings.
Because the Women’s Union invites couples to be involved (two key persons of each family),
it is easy to get household agreement about any issue. To attract participation from the
residents, communicators have used direct communication methods such as small group

meetings, encouraging participants, showing practical pictures. The meetings are held at the
residents’ households, therefore, it is easy for the residents to visit, evaluate and apply in
their houses. This also gives a positive influence to the residents around. Families begin with
small changes, but the most important change is everybody’s awareness of getting better
life.
Materials: materials used for this method are practical pictures and models based on
chosen topics such as water tanks with covers, saved firewood stoves, well arranged
households etc. These materials are so easy to make that anybody may do it (however,
WIND materials are made by staff at the district level). It is necessary to have digital camera
and computer (sometimes this is a problem for the collaborators).
Training for communicators: Communicators learn some theory in the commune but as
part of the training, practice their skills at real households. Therefore, after being trained,
communicators are confident enough to organise group meetings in their local areas.
Budgets: it is very difficult to compare the budget because almost the program is combined
to local available activities such as meetings of women’s union, farmers’ union and the
residents join the program voluntarily. The deploying expenditures such as training fees are
based on the government and local policies.
Application and replication: PAOT may be applied to all areas but it is especially effective
in rural areas, for minority people. Because the program is undertaken on a small group
scale, the participants are limited, so progress may seem slow at times. PAOT should be
used as a good model for agencies to visit, study and apply for their work units (health,
education, Women’s Union etc). Therefore, staff from different agencies should apply this
method flexibly based on the local situation and their unit’s topics.
To be a effective and sustainable, PAOT should be combined with current community
activities such as meetings of Women Union’s branches, Farmers Union, producer groups,
and even household visits (in Tien Giang, household visits conducted by members of
Women’s Union have brought good results).
To change residents’ behavior, PAOT must be first applied at the leaders’ households as an
example eg. the village leader, medical center staff, Women’s Union staff. After that, PAOT

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should be applied for the residents.
In order to help small group meeting to be more effective, local radio broadcasts should be
used as an additional means of communication.
Changing behaviour checklists and communicators’ supervision are key to the
success of PAOT.
3 Additional Resources
Copies of PAOT manuals used for a Work Improvement in Neighbourhood program:
/>Other training manuals are available on WIN website: www.win-asia.org
Contacts:
Center for Occupational Health and Environment
Can Tho Health Department
Address: 234 Tran Hung Dao St. - CanTho City
Tel: 84-71-831 498 - Fax: 84-71-831 499
Website: Email:
Tien Giang Women’s Union
My Tho City
Ms Ho Tuyet Hong,
Ninh Thuan Department of Health
Centre for Preventive Medicine
Dr Le Quoc Khanh
Dak Lak pCerwass
Mr Pham Phu Bon, Director

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Annex 1: Communicator Training Outline (Ninh Thuan)
TRAINING FOR MOTIVATORS
IN PAOT OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

IN LUONG SON COMMUNE, NINH SON DISTRICT, NINH THUAN PROVINCE
3-day program
The first day (3
rd
September, 2009)
TIME CONTENT
7:30 - 8:00
Participants register
8:00 - 8:45 Opening:
- Stating for opening – Medical Prevention Health Centre
- Getting acquainted – Wishing tree
- Introducing the purposes and training program
- Making classroom regulation
8:45 - 9:00 Break time
Exercise: visiting households, filling in visiting checklist.
9:00 - 9:30 Guiding to fill in visiting checklist
9:30 - 10:30 Doing the exercise of visiting checklist (visit 1 household)
10:30 - 11:00 Discussing in groups
11:00 - 11:30 Presenting group’s discussion
11:30 - 13:30 Lunch time
Technical subject: Rubbish - Water
13:30 – 13:50 Technical lesson
13:50 – 14:10 Group discussion
14:10 – 14:30 Presenting group’s discussion and discussing together
14:30 – 14:50 Break time
Technical subject: Household - Sanitation
14:50 – 15:10 Lesson plan
15:10 – 15:30 Group discussion
15:30 – 15:50 Presenting group’s discussion and discussing together
15:50 – 16:30 Evaluating and taking experience of the first working day

Second day (4th, September, 2009)
SUPPORT SUBJECT
07:30 – 08:30 Introducing simple models which are easily made by householders
08:30 – 09:30 Introducing model of collecting and treating rubbish
09:30 – 09:45 Learners register and present their commitment of improving their households.
Break time
Some skills for organizing group meeting or visiting households
09:45 – 10: 30 Skills for making questions
10g 30 – 11:00 Methods in making group discussion
11:00 – 11:30 Typical examples of low cost solutions
11:30 - 13:00 Lunch time
PRACTICE: ORGANIZING 01 CLASS IN THE COMMUNITY
13:30 – 13:50 Technical lesson: procedure of organizing a class in the community
13:50 – 14:20 Working in two groups

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14:20 – 14:40 Practice: 1
st
group
14:40 – 15:00 Break time
15:00 – 15:20 Practice: 2
nd
group
15:20 – 15:40 Taking experience from practices
15:40 – 16:00 Assigning field works
Preparing ten farmer households in the commune (wife, husband)
divided into 2 groups to take practice in the community
16.00 – 16:30 Evaluating and taking experience of the second working day
Third day – FIELD WORK (5

th
, September, 2009)
07:30 – 09:00 Organizing a PAOT class between 5 households at 01 resident’s house (group
1)
09:00 – 09:15 Organizing a PAOT class between 5 households at 01 resident’s house (group
2)
09: 15 – 11.00 Field work group discussion: each group finds 03 strength points and 03 points
needed to improve.
Lunch time
Following the improvement and guiding to write report at commune
level.
13:30 – 14:00 Guidance on using the communicator handbook
14:00 – 14:30 Hamlet discussion: making plan to organize PAOT class at hamlet level (from
1
st
to 30
th
September)
14:30 – 15:00 Presenting hamlet’s plan
14:15 – 14:30 Break time

CLOSING PROGRAM
14:30 – 16g30 The prominent points of PAOT (watching film)
16.30 – 17.00 -
Images recorded from the previous training
- Some motivators impression
- Organizing board’s impression
- Closing the training course for communicators

PREPARATION:

1. IN COMMUNE:
- Trainees
- Training place: enough space for 25 people, chairs are arranged in U shape
- 01 farmer household to take the checklist practices
- 10 farmer households (both husband and wife) to practice 2 PAOT classes at 2 residents’
houses
2. STATIONERY:
- Projector (if available)
- Board (to write on or to hang A0 paper)
- A0 paper (30ps)
- A4 paper (1 sheet)
- A4 colored paper, 20ps/color, 60ps in total
- Sticking- plaster, oil pens, scissors
- 12 checklist pictures in à size (color is preferred)
3. MATERIALS
- Materials for learners: follow up improvement checklists (1p/each household): 210ps (180ps
for households, 30ps communicators)
- Handbooks for communicators (1p/communicator): 30p
- Picture (1p/communicator): 30p

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- Making plan form at hamlet level (1p/hamlet):12ps

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Annex 2: Communicator Training Course Guide and Materials
1.1
ACTION PROCESS METHOD
VISUAL

AIDS
CONTENT NOTES FOR TRAINERS
Activity 1
10
minutes
Warming
up
Cooperation game A4 colour-
paper
Divide participants into small groups. Give each
group one sheet of paper that was cut with different
parts and different shapes and ask participants in
each group to quickly put the parts of the paper
together to make an original picture.
Prepare some coloured cut up A4 papers
for each group
Activity 2 Introducing
the
household
checklist
Presenting,
explaining
Projector
Powerpoint Slide
HOUSEHOLD CHECKLIST’S MEANING
- Household checklist is a test to evaluate the
learner’s attitude toward others’ behavior
- Is a list of suggestion about feasible solutions or it
is called “local solution for improvement”
- It is the main tool of PAOT.

Powerpoint Slide
CHECKLIST HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE
The household checklist includes 4 technical
subjects.
Each subject has 4 ideas
Each idea includes:
- Picture: showing suggested behaviour
- Check: do you want to make any
changes?
- There is 1 square for you to fill in 3
situations: Yes – No – Priority and
Notice
The household checklist includes 2 parts
designed in an A4 paper:
- Side 1 is the structure of checklist
(this should be drawing pictures
which help the learners to
imagine the solution)
- Side 2 is list of improvement
register (this is recommended
solutions, so they should be
photograph)
In this lesson (Activity 2), we
learn side 1-Household checklist.

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
ACTIVITY
3
20ms

Reading
household
checklist
Observing - Learners skim the whole Household Checklist
- Each learner reads out loud each checklist one after
the other
ACTIVITY
4
20ms
Guidance
on visiting
a
household
and filling
in the
checklist
Presentation Powerpoint Slide
The checklist is used to make a subjective
comparison between recommended behaviours in the
checklist and the real life examples at the place we
visit:
− If you are not satisfied with these available
examples, fill in square named NO
− If you are satisfied with these available
examples, fill in square named YES
- If a square named YES has an item which
needs to be modified soon, fill in square
named PRIORITY
Notice is part that you may write on whatever you
want the household to change.

ACTIVITY
5
60ms
Visiting the
household
and filling
in the
checklist
Visiting 1
household whose
living condition is at
the average rate
Powerpoint Slide
FILL IN THE HOUSEHOLD CHECKLIST
- Introduce something about the
household
- Ask if the learners understand clearly
how to fill in the checklist
- The household selected for the
class visit should be prepared in
advance (this is only
administrative preparation, do not
prepare a very clean, tidy house)

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
- Ask the learners to go around the
house, observe and write down their
opinion on the checklist. Each learner
should do this activity individually, do

not discuss, if they need information,
the learner may ask the household
owner.
and its location should be near
the training place
- Household used for visiting and
doing checklist should be
appropriate and include things
involved in the checklist
ACTIVITY
6
30 mins
Finding the
strong
points and
points that
need to be
improved in
the
household.
Ranking the
priority
Discussing in small
groups
* Select group by
counting from 1 to
5 and gather into 5
random groups
Group discussion content:
• Based on household visit results, each group

finds out 3 strong points and 3 points that
need improvement
• Rank the priority of improvement and write
on coloured paper. Each group appoints a
person to present their discussion and stick
their paper on the available board
GROUP
STRONG
POINTS
POINTS NEED
IMPROVEMENT
1
2
3
4
5
ACTIVITY
7
10 mins
Consolidati
ng the
lesson
Summarise the strengths and points that need
improvement at which the household we visit
• Remind the trainees of the purpose of the
household checklist.
Note: points in the household are not
described as strong and weak, but strong
and needing improvement to keep the
emphasis on the positive

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
TECHNICAL SUBJECTS
2.1
Purpose - Understand deeply the 4 technical subjects of Water and Sanitation
Content - Sharing solutions of water and sanitation
- Methods of explaining and guiding a subject
- Group discussion
Time 4 hours. 1hour for each subject
Preparation - White board pen, A0 paper, A4 paper, projector, hand out, scissors, sticky-tape, paper clips
- Pictures of recommended solutions

ACTIVITY PROCESS METHOD VISUAL AIDS CONTENT NOTES FOR TRAINER
Activity 1
10 mins
General
introduction about
the main materials
of PAOT
Presentation SOLLUTIONS FOR WATER AND SANITATION
There are 4 technical subjects:
1. USING AND PROTECTING THE CLEAN WATER SOURCES
2. GARBAGE COLLECTION AND WASTE TREATMENT
3. SCHEME MANAGEMENT
4. SHARING AND COOPERATING TO COMMUNITY IN
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORKS
Topics can be changed
depending on objectives of
PAOT

Activity 2
20 mins
Subject 1:
USING AND
PROTECTING
THE CLEAN
WATER
SOURCES
-Pictures are
shown based on
documents order
-Raising
questions
projector
Choosing safe water sources
- Do not give general questions
such as “What can you see from
this picture?”. Learners may just
focus on weak points, cannot
find out the strengths
- Read “Skill of making
questions” for further
information
* Presenting
* Giving question:
What is the good
point you can find?
* Suggesting learners to
focus on the topic

“choosing safe water
sources”
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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

* Presenting
* Giving question:
What is the good point
you can find?
* Suggesting learners to
focus on the topic “Cover
the water tank”
* Presenting
* Giving question:
What is the good point
you can find?
* Suggesting learners to
focus on the topic “Protect
water meter”
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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

Water Treatment at Household

Cover the water tank
Protect water meter

Activity 3 Finding the
strengths and
things that need to

be improved
Group discussion
Activity 4
20 minutes
Group
presentation and
summary
Presenting
• Group representative presents
• Summarizing the strengths and points that
need improvement
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Based on the shared solutions about the subject of
Water, each group thinks of the visited household
and finds out:
• 3 strong points
• 3 points need improvement
NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

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NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual
2.2

ACTIVITY
PROCESS METHOD
VISUAL
AIDS
CONTENT NOTES FOR TRAINERS

ACTIVITY 1

20 ms
Subject
SCHEME
MANAGEMENT
- Pictures are
shown based
on document
order
- Giving
questions
Contribute opinions on establishing the board of scheme management
- Do not give general questions
such as “What can you see
from this picture?”. Learners
may just focus on weak points,
cannot find out the strengths
- Read “Skill of making
questions” for further
information
Paying water charge in order to be supplied clean water
* Presenting
* Giving question
What is the good
point you can find?
* Suggesting learners to
focus on the topic
“
Contribute opinions
on establishing
the board of scheme

management
”
* Presenting
* Raising question
“Can you find out the good
point in this picture?”
* Suggesting learners to focus on
the topic “
Paying water charge
in order to be supplied clean
water
”
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