cau dieu kien dac biet

Một số dạng câu bị động đặc biệt
I/ Zero conditional sentences:
If + S + Vsimple present/past, S + V simple present/ past.
1. Sự thực,qui luật hiển nhiên.
Eg:- If you cook water, it boils at 100 degree centigrates.
- If you interupted him, he got angry.
Notes: Thì QK dùng trong câu ĐK loai này mang ý nghĩa QK.
2. Câu mệnh lện, yêu cầu
Eg: Please call me if you hear from Ann.
3. Thói quen:
Eg: Ann always walks to school if she has enough time.
II/ Mix type:
1. If+ ĐK 2, ĐK3
If + S + had + P2, S + would + Vnt/would be +V-ing.
Eg : - If I had worked hard at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office,
I wouldn t be sweeping the street.
- The plan I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed.
If I had caught that plan, I would be dead now.
2. If + ĐK3, ĐK2.
If + S + Vqkđ, S + would have +P2
Eg: If I were intelligent as you, I would have passed the entrance exam last year.
III/ Mệnh đề ĐK bắt đầu bằng:
* But for + noun( nếu ko nhờ có, nếu ko phải vì )
V-ing
the fact that+ clause.
* If it hadnt been for + noun/ V-ing
* Without + noun.
Eg :- If you hadn t lent me the book, I couldn t have finished this work.
___ Without the book you had lent me, I couldn t have finished the work
___ If it hadnt been for the book you lent me,
___ But for the book you lent me,

IV/ mệnh đề điêuù kiện có thể bắt đàu bằng các từ t ơng đ ơng với if Nh :
- Suppose/ Suposing ( giả sử)
- Provided( that)/ On condition ( that)/ As long as/ so long as( miễn là, với ĐK là) = If
- In case( trong trờng hợp)
- Even if ( ngay cả khi, dù cho)
Eg: - Suposing you won the lottery ticket, what would you do?
- You will have the money provided that you promise to pay it back in time.
V/ Ortherwise/ or/ Or else ( nếu ko)
Eg: - Give me money or I ll kill you.(= If you don t give me money, I ll kill you)
- You should come back before 10p.m. Otherwise, you will be lock outside.
(= If you don t come back before 10p.m, you )
* Notes: Otherwise có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu, nó thờng bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc câu 2)
VI/ As if và As though
1. Chỉ hành động có thể xẩy ra ở hiện tại.
Eg: Do you hear that music next door? It sounds as if they are having a party.
S + Vht + As if/ As though + S + Vht
2. Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ỏ hiện tại.
Eg: - She talks to me as if she were my mother.
- She spends money as if she were a billionaire.
S + Vht + as if/ as though + S + Vqk
3. Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.
Eg: - She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
- She did it as if she had done it many times before.
S + V qk + as if/ as though + V qkht
VIII/ Wish/ If only ( giá mà)
1. Diễn đặt niềm hi vọng,
Eg: If only he comes in time
S + wish + S + Vht
If only + S + Vht
2. Diễn tả ao ứoc ở tơng lai.

Eg:- I wish I would be a teacher in the future.
- If only I could take a trip with you next Sunday.
S + wish + S + would/ could + Vnt
If only + S +would/ could + Vnt
3. Diễn tả ao ớc ỏ hiện tại, sự hối tiếc hay không haì lòng với hiện tại
Eg:- If only he didn t drink .
- I wish I were rich.
S + wish + S + Vqk
If only + S + V qk
4. Ao ớc ở quá khứ:
Eg : - I wish I hadn t failed my exam last year.
- If only I had met her yesterday.
- She wishes she could have been there.
S + wish + S + V qkht/ could have PII.
If only + S + V qkht/ could have PII.