Thực trạng lao động nông thôn và ảnh hưởng của đào tạo nghề nông thôn đến việc làm và thu nhập của người dân vùng đồng bằng sông cửu long



 !"#$$%"

&!!'
&!!'
!(&
!(&
!)




 
 
!"#$%&
!"#$%&
Tháng 6 năm 2012
GVBM: BÙI VĂN HẢI
LỚP : LT11QL
SVTH : NGUYỄN VĂN CHỌN

MSSV : 11424010
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+

*+,-
./$01
!23!4
5 !623!4
676869:(;9<+=>+49?+66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666@
/7!'/7654

/57!'54
/87659
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
7
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
 ./$0
%:;<"
Việc làm
9<E)F,=4GHI(1JK+4ELD#M(*=)DHJM+0)F+4N+04HO=JM+0EPQE4;4-+0RK
S4TS)(*=+03+EC,UFJG,)O9=4(+4*SE4H+0VW9)DHJM+06
Người có việc làm
0VW9EPU9<E)F,)F+4N+0+0VW9JD+04HO=JM+0=XH+0+:+;9+4=YI(ZE[\+J'
+4*+=9:+E-+0]=9:+)V^+0_)`9+4(*+a0VW9EPU9<E)F,+4V+0;4-+0EP=4(+4*S_
)`9+4(*+JP)F+4N+0+0VW9)F,U9<E=XH+009DJb+4,b+4UF+4N+0+0VW9=XVcEJP
EPU9<E)F,+4V+0=XH+0=(d+)2J9:(=XD;4-+0EPU9<E)F,6
Người thất nghiệp
0VW9=4C=+049<S)F+4N+0+0VW9JL8@=(e9=Xf)?+=XH+0+4P,[\+gZ4HO=JM+0
;9+4=Y,F=XVcE=(d+)2J9:(=XD;4-+0EPU9<E)F,UF45EP4HO=JM+0J9=b,U9<E
)F,4HhE;4-+0J9=b,U9<E)F,Ub)B[H;4-+0R9Y==b,U9<EfJ\(a4HhE+4N+0
+0VW9=XH+0=(d+)2J9:(=XDEP=e+0gZ09W)F,U9<E[Vc9i09W4HhE8ij+0F1=X?+
87=4T+0,(Z+)F,U9<E+4V+0;4-+0=b,JV`EU9<E)F,6
Tỷ lệ người có việc làm
k)<+0VW9EPU9<E)F,)FS4d+=X3,ELDgZ+0VW9EPU9<E)F,gHUc9[\+gZ4HO=
JM+0;9+4=Y6
Tỷ lệ người thất nghiệp
k)<+0VW9=4C=+049<S)FS4d+=X3,ELDgZ+0VW9=4C=+049<SgHUc9[\+gZ4HO=
JM+0;9+4=Y6
 !0
l;49E-+0E(MEJe9,c9=HF+[9<+JC=+VcEJV`E;4f9mVc+0JY++D1_RM,h=+-+0
=4-++VcE=DJnEP+4N+0=4D1Je9XC=E^RA+6P=4';'XD+4N+0=9Y+RM+e9R*=+4C=

ELD+-+0+049<SUF+-+0=4-+=XH+0+4N+0+3,I(D+4V/gA+)V`+0)oD0OH=3+0_
)V`+00OHm(C=;4p(Jq+0=4q4O+0EDH=X?+=4Y09c9aJF+09DEd,Er+0=3+0+4D+4a
4F+0+-+0)\,=4L1gA+m(C=;4p(=9YS=sEa+0F+4+04:=9'(=4LE-+0=XH+0+-+0=4-+
JV`ERAH=t+UFS4T==X9'+_U6Uu(1+49?+_+3+0g(C=_E4C=)V`+0ELDgA+S4p,4F+0
4PD+-+0+049<SUv+Ew+=4CSmDgHUc9=9:,+3+0Er+0+4VgHUc9,M=gZ+VcE=XH+0
;4(U>EagA+S4p,=9'(=4LE-+0)F+0+04:Ew+;x,U:E4C=)V`+0UF,v(,n6u
4b+E4(+0_+-+0=4-+S4T==X9'+E4*,a+49:(UC+J:+A1g9+4=XH+0+-+0=4-+E4VD
JV`E09A9I(1Y==4C([TH6b+44b+4+F1E4H=4C1=XH+0I(T=Xb+4S4T==X9'+E-+0
+049<S_=9Y+4F+4J-=4K4PD_Ed+I(D+=\,4^++NDJY++-+0=4-+64A9EH9+-+0
+049<S_+-+0=4-++4VET9y09TJz{E4H+:+;9+4=Y_+4|,e+JK+4;9+4=YU},-UF
RAHJA,D+g9+4mn4M96

XH+0=HF+RMUC+J:+4\+)>E+VcE=D49<++D1_J9:(Ed+I(D+=\,)FE4C=)V`+0)DH
JM+0=XH+0+-+0=4-+Ew+I(T=4CS64C=)V`+0)DHJM+0+-+0=4-+=4CSJn)F,E4H
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
j
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
=4(+4*SELD+0VW9)DHJM+0;4-+0=4'=3+0+4D+4a0\1XDE4?+4)<E409F(+04~H09ND
=4F+4=4KUF+-+0=4-++0F1EF+0[Hn+0mD=4?,64Q+4gTE4mPDJP909A,+04~H=(1
JnJO=JV`E,M=gZ;Y=I(A_+4V+0X•XF+0;4-+0=4'E4€[l+0)O9fE4•ECSJC=_=h+0
+4F_=4>E49<+ETEE4Q+4gTE4‚V(Jn9‚4M+04~H_,FU9<E09A,+04~HS4A9JV`E=4>E
49<+E4L1Y(R|+0U9<E+\+0EDHE4C=)V`+0)DHJM+0ELD)DHJM+0+-+0=4-+a+P9ETE4
;4TE_R|+0U9<EJFH=OH+04:E4H45_J'45)F,U9<EUc9+3+0g(C=UFE4C=)V`+0EDH
4^+_J'EP=4'=4HT=+04~HUF09F()?++0D1=X?+,A+4JC=I(?4V^+06
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=4W909D++-+0+4F+E4VDJV`E=*+[s+0„;4HA+0j@…=4W909D+)DHJM+0+-+0
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+^9JC=JD9JV`EE4(1'+Je9,sEJQE4g‡[s+0_+0VW9)DHJM+0JV`E4Vf+0=9:+J:+
Rˆ_+49:(;49;4T)c+_gH+0JC=;4-+0Ew+_U9<E)F,Er+0;4-+0EP_g9+4XD+49:(=<

+O+mn4M96b+4=XO+0)DHJM+0+-+0=4-+;xHXD=4F+4S4Z=b,U9<E)F,+0F1EF+0
=3+0JD+00\1XDXC=+49:(;4P;43+E4H=4F+4S4Z6•XF+0)FXC=Ed+=OH=4?,+49:(
U9<E)F,E4H)DHJM+0+-+0=4-+_=4>E49<+U9<EE4(1'+Je9E^EC()DHJM+0/09A,)DH
JM+0gA+m(C=+-+0+049<S_=3+0)DHJM+0;9+4[HD+4ETE+0F+4+04:+0D1=O9JKD
S4V^+06XH+0U9<E=4>E49<+4V^+0=Xb+4m\1[>+0+-+0=4-+,c9JD+0JV`E=X9'+
;4D9fETEJKDS4V^+0_=9?(E4QU:E4(1'+Je9E^EC()DHJM+0+-+0=4-+)F,M==9?(
E4Q;4P=4>E49<++4C=_+4V+0)O9S4A9=QE4E>E=4>E49<+E4HJV`ER|+0ETE4S4T=
=X9'+ETE+0F+4+04:S49+-+0+049<S6C=+49?+_EP=4'JVD)DHJM+0=l=€+4+04~H
gD+0=€+4EPJ9:(;9<+S4T==X9'+4^+4HhEJVD)DHJM+0+04~HJ9)DHJM+0EP=4W94O+
f+VcE+0HF9_EH9J\1+4V)F,M=09A9S4TS09A,+04~H_+4V+0;4-+0=4'EH9)F09A9
S4TSE^RA+6
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XH+0+-+0=4-+49<++D1_+0VW9)DHJM+0Ed+JV`EJFH=OHU:=C=EA+4N+0+04:EP
=TE[s+0=X>E=9YSS4sEUsE-+0E(MEm\1[>+0+-+0=4-+,c96.(D+=X5+0+4C=)F=3+0
+4D+4ETE+0F+4+04:E4YR9Y++-+0)\,gA+]+0F+4E-+0+049<SJhER9<=I(D+=X5+0
JZ9Uc9+4N+0+VcE+-+0+049<SgH+0)\(+D1E4VDJV`EEH9=X5+0_[v+JY+=b+4=XO+0
+49:(+0(1?+)9<(+-+0)\,gA+E4VDJV`E=*+[s+0J'S4T==X9'+ETE+0F+4+04:=4L
E-+0+0D1=O9JKDS4V^+06
4T==X9'++4D+4+0(t++4\+)>E_+4C=)F+0(t++4\+)>EE4C=)V`+0EDHJnJV`EO9
4M9)d+=4q‰ELDA+0„=4T+08]7Š88†mTEJK+4)F,M=;4\(JM=S4TE49Y+)V`EJ'
RAHJA,JY++3,7Š7Š+VcE=DE^RA+=Xf=4F+4+VcEE-+0+049<S=4GH4Vc+049<+
JO96\1)F,M=+49<,UsXC=E^RA+Jt+0=4W9Er+0XC=ECSRTE4_Ed+JV`EI(D+=\,
=4>E49<+f+49:(ECS;4TE+4D(/=l+4N+0+0VW9)DHJM+0fETEE^gfgA+m(C=;9+4
[HD+4E4HJY+ETEE4(1?+09D_+4FI(A+)B„I(A+)B[HD+4+049<S_I(A+)B+4F+VcE†
JY+ETE+4F4HOE4JK+4E4Q+4gTE4f=d,U},-6%>S4T==X9'+ELD+0(t++4\+)>Ef
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II.1. KHÁI QUÁT ĐỊA BÀN NGHIÊN CỨU
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#M4HhE  ,9:+\1  D,  #M4HhE  =4GH  ETE4  059  ELD  +0VW9  [\+,9:+  D,  9<=
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„AvicenniagS6†64N+0=4>EU*=E4K(,h++F1Jn=OH=4(*+)`9E4HU9<E09N)O9ETEU*=
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=QE4E4\(=4e_UFXt9+4N+0Jd,)d1R9'+JV`E4b+4=4F+46O9Uˆ+0+F1_ETE4J\1
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Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
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Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
+VcER9'+[\+0EDHJn4b+4=4F+4+4N+0ET+4Jt+0XM+0)c+,D+0U*=)9<(gx=6%>
)ƒ+0=s;xH[F9ELDETEU*=)9<(=Xd,=QE4R?+[Vc9+4N+0ET+4Xl+0VcE[F1JhEJn
=QE4)r1[d+J'4b+4=4F+4,M=JKD=d+0E4qD+49:(U*=)9<(g9+4S4~+„pyrit†6
>E+VcER9'+[\+0EDH_RDHS4LEAUˆ+0+4V=4Y4d(+4V4^9;4-+0e+JK+4UFRƒ=
Jd(EPg>09A,m(Z+0ETE4J\1UFH;4HA+0@6ŠŠŠ+3,6%>4O=4CS,>E+VcER9'+[v+
JY+U9<E4b+4=4F+4,M=,>E+VcER9'+,c9_gD(,•909D9JHO++4V=4Y=4bEP,M=RW
R9'+,c9JV`E4b+4=4F+4_UFE(Z9Eˆ+04b+4=4F+4+?++4N+0UO=Et+ET=E4O1gH+0
gH+0Uc9RWR9'+49<+=O9,F+0VW9=D=4C1fUˆ+0Jt+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+06M=Et+
ET=E49DEƒ=Uˆ+0t+04TSVW9UFUˆ+0=Xd,=QE4S4ˆgDJV`EmTEJK+4R|+0
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E4H=4C1EP=(e9=(1<=JZ9UFH;4HA+0‹6@ŠŠ+3,6
%>4O[d+ELD,>E+VcE;~,=4GH+4N+0=4D1Je9U:,-9=XVW+0=XH+0Uˆ+0Jd,)d1
R9'+_,FfJ\1+4N+0=4>EU*=E4K(,h+,5E[F1JhE„RhizophoragS6_AvicinniagS6†
JV`E=4D1=4YRf9+4N+0)HF9=4>EU*=;4TEELD,-9=XVW+0+VcE+05=+4V=XF,
„MelaleucagS6†  UF  +4N+0  )HF9  =4>E  =4>E  U*=  4HD+0  [O9  ;4TE  „FimbristylisgS6a
CyperusgS6†6%>e+JK+4ELD,>E+VcER9'+[v+JY+,M=g>Rt9)ƒ+0=Xd,=QE4UG+
R9'+;4T+4D+4Uc9U*=)9<(g9+4S4~+=4CS4^+6
%>=4D,09DELDg-+0‡(H+0JP+0UD9=XwXC=I(D+=X5+0=XH+0g(Z=I(T=Xb+44b+4
=4F+4Uˆ+0E4\(=4e6V`+0+VcE=X(+0Rb+44F+0+3,ELDg-+0+F1E(+0ECSUFH
;4HA+0‹6ŠŠŠ=k,•+VcEUFUFH;4HA+08ŠŠ=X9<(=C+U*=)9<(S4ˆgD_+4N+0,A+4Uz
RKRFH,w+=l)V(U>Eg-+0_,hE[ˆ,M=S4d+EP=4'[l+0)O9=O,=4W9[5E=4GH4Vc+0
E4A1_E(Z9Eˆ+0JV`E,D+0JY+E‡Dg-+0UFJV`E)ƒ+0=s+4V,M=E4\(=4e64N+0
U*=)9<(g-+0JV`E)ƒ+0=s[5E=4GHg-+0J'4b+4=4F+4+4N+0J?=>+49?+EPE49:(EDH
j”‹,_UF,M=S4d+ELD+4N+0U*=)9<(S4ˆgDS4L)?+=X?++4N+0=Xd,=QE4S1X9==4W9
;“H)HEG+Uc9g>R9Y+=49?+;4TXM+0U:JM[F1=d+0JC=Uˆ+0UF;4-+009D+Uˆ+06
TEEH+g-+0+|,JV`EE49DEƒ=Uc9=Xd,=QE4J?S4ˆgD+4V+0+4N+0Uˆ+0XM+0)c+
,D+0U*=)9<(=Xd,=QE4R9'+E4qDS4~+=9:,=F+0Uv+Ew+)MXD=XH+0Uˆ+0Jd,)d1
R9'+6(1+49?+_JME4(D=9:,=F+0;4-+0m(C=49<+=XH+0Uˆ+0S4sE*+ELD+4N+0
+4T+4g-+00d+E‡Dg-+0,F=O9J\1A+44Vf+0X‡DRf9=4L1=X9:(;4T,O+460V`E
)O9_Uˆ+0E4\(=4eg-+0%F9w+_+|,;YR?+4O)V(E4\(=4eg-+0G;H+0_JV`ER9'(
=4KRf9,M==ZEJMRt9)ƒ+0UG+R9'+;4TE4*,[H)V`+0U*=)9<(S4ˆ[(=XH+0+VcE
g-+0;4T=4CSUFE4\(=4e+F1RKE49DEƒ=Rf9+49:(+4T+4g-+0=4L1=X9:(UF[HRf9
+4N+0UF+4JD9=4>EU*=E4K(,h+=4bXM+0)c+4^+UF+4JD9+F1fUˆ+0E4\(=4eg-+0
G;H+0_UF;Y=I(A)F=Xd,=QE4ELDE4o+0E4qD+49:(DmQ==9:,=F+06
t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0+|,=X?+JKD4b+4R|+0S4–+0_,O+0)Vc9g-+0+0w9_;?+4
XOE4S4\+RZ[F1_XC==4(*+)`9S4T==X9'+EA09DH=4-+0JVW+0=4L1UFJVW+0RM6
0HF9XDUc9RWR9'+[F9’ŠŠ;,)F+4\+=ZI(D+=X5+0J'Uˆ+0+F1S4T==X9'+;9+4=Y
R9'+_[()KE4_4F+04A9UF=4V^+0,O96
851C?CDEF>CGH>HI>

\1)FUˆ+0EP;4Q4*(E*+mQE4JOHUˆ+0+?+=4(*+)`9S4T==X9'++0F+4
+-+0+049<S„,VD+49:(_+ƒ+0+P+0†JhER9<=)FS4T==X9'+=Xt+0)oD+VcEUFE\1
)V^+0=4>E6
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
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Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0EP,M=+:++49<=JMEDH_e+JK+4=XH+0=HF+
Uˆ+0_=X(+0Rb+4)F7i
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64YJM+ƒ+0EDH_gZ09W+ƒ+0=X(+0Rb+4EA+3,=l7677•
]76’—Š09W_Q=mA1XD=49?+=D96M=+3,E49D)F,4D9,ˆD/,ˆD,VD=l=4T+0@JY+
=4T+088_,ˆD;4-=l=4T+087JY+=4T+0‹6
-EJ,,KLM
0(t++VcE=XH+0Uˆ+0JV`E)C1=l7+0(t+E4Q+4)Fg-+0?Ž-+0UF+VcE,VD6
%-+0?Ž-+0E4A1I(Dt+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+04F+0+3,JG,)O9)V`+0+VcE
Rb+4I(\+;4HA+0‹•Š=k,
j
UFU*+E4(1'+;4HA+08@Š]7ŠŠ=X9<(=C+S4ˆgD69<E
t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+04F+0+3,RK+0*S)r0d+@Š…[9<+=QE4=lj]‹=4T+0=OH
+?+,M=JhEJ9',+e9R*=ELDUˆ+0_,M=,h=)F4O+E4Y)c+JZ9Uc9ED+4=TE_=Xt+0=X5=
UF0\1+49:(;4P;43+E4HJW9gZ+0ELD[\+EV_+4V+0,h=;4TEEr+0=OH+?++4N+0
J9:(;9<+=4(*+)`9E4HU9<EJT+4Rƒ=_+(-9=Xt+0=4L1gA+UFReg(+0JMS4b+49?(E4H
JC==Xt+0=X5=6
M=UC+J:JT+0I(D+=\,)F+0(t++VcE,h=ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0JD+0RK-
+492,64C=)V`+0+0(t++VcE+0F1EF+0mC(J9,M=ETE4+049?,=X5+06P+49:(
+0(1?++4\+0\1-+492,+4V/g‡[s+0RlDRn9=4(ZE=Xlg\(=XH+0+-+0+049<S_+(-9
=4L1gA+=49Y(I(14HOE44`S)B6VcE=4A9g9+44HO=UF+VcE=4A9E-+0+049<S=XH+0
Uˆ+0S4d+)c+E4VDJV`Em‡)B=4A9=X>E=9YSXDg-+0666669<E-+492,+VcEJn[v+JY+
=b+4=XO+0+0F1EF+0EP+49:(Uˆ+0RKy;4T=+VcE{UFH+4N+0=4T+0,ˆD;4-6Ž4-+0
E4€+VcES4sEUsgA+m(C=+-+0+049<S=49Y(,F+VcEg9+44HO=Er+0=49Y(6b+4=XO+0

+F1JnUFJD+0mA1XD=lUF9+3,0d+J\1ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0UFmG,XD
+0F1EF+0=Xd,=X5+06
N>@+H
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[d+I(D+4N+0;k+0(1?+=4D1Je9,>E+VcER9'+aI(D=l+009D9JHO+;xH=4GHg>
4b+4=4F+4+4N+009t+0ET=[5E=4GHRWR9'+64N+04HO=JM+04•+4`SELDg-+0UF
R9'+Jn4b+4=4F+4+4N+0UO=JC=S4ˆgDS4b+49?([5E=4GHJ?UG+g-+0_,M=gZ09t+0
ET=UG+R9'+UFJC=S4~+=X?+=Xd,=QE4=Xr+0=4CS„+4VUˆ+0t+04TSVW9_=q09TE
H+0‰(1?+”F9?+_\1D,g-+0*(UFRT+JAHFD(†6
XH+0gZ4^+‹=X9<(4DJC=JD9ELD;4(U>E_JC=S4ˆgDE49Y,;4HA+0jŠ…6\1)F
+0(t+=F9+0(1?+E4Q+4J'S4T==X9'++-+0+049<S6C=ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0
+0HF9U9<EJ'gA+m(C=+-+0+049<S=OHXD)V^+0=4>E_Ew+JV`E[ˆ+0J'gA+m(C=U*=
)9<(m\1[>+0,D+0)O949<(I(AEDH6l)\(_+0VW9[\+fJ\1Jn)F,+4Fm\1UTE4
R|+0=XG_+qD_=XT=JC=+4nH_UNDU-9_UNDm9,3+0_m9,3+0X^,_=XC(UFU:gD(+F1)F,
R|+00OE4+(+060HF9XD_f+49:(=€+4t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0XC=[t9[FH+0(t+
=4D+Rˆ+[ˆ+0J')F,E4C=JZ=_+4V=O9FD(_E4€JFHg\(4^+j,)F=DEP=4')C1JC=
)F,=4D+_)F,0OE4+0P96
4GH=4-+0=9+=le+0EsE4Z+0;?_E^EC(g‡[s+0JC==O9=4W9J9',Š8]Š8]7ŠŠ’
ELDUˆ+0+4VgD(/JC=+-+0+049<S•j_7…]JC=)\,+049<Si_•…]JC=E4(1?+[ˆ+0
@_@…]JC=f7_’…6XH+0+4N+0+3,0d+J\1_JC=+-+0+049<SJD+0EPm(=4Y09A,
[d+[HI(T=Xb+4E-+0+049<S4HT_J-=4K4HT649:(;4(E-+0+049<S_;4(J-=4K_;4(
[()KE4]=4'=4DHJD+0E49Y,[d+UK=XQELDETEJt+0)oD6-+0[\++49:(+^9=XH+0
;4(U>E;4-+0Ew+JC=gA+m(C==XH+0;49+4N+0Uˆ+0I(14HOE4=4bJD+0RKR˜4HD+0_
4D1=ZEJM=X9'+;4D9XC=E4*,_[v+JY+=b+4=XO+0)n+0S4QJT+0JV`ERTHJM+06
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
’
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
Sinh vật
Dưới những ảnh hưởng của môi trường biển và sông, từ lâu ở Đồng
bằng sông Cửu Long đã hình thành và phát triển các hệ sinh thái tự

nhiên rất độc đáo. Đó là hệ sinh thái rừng ngập nước ngọt (Vườn
quốc gia Tam Nông, rừng Trà Sư, vùng Đồng Tháp Mười), hệ sinh thái
rừng ngập mặn ven biển (Vườn quốc gia U Minh Thượng, Vườn quốc
gia U Minh Hạ), hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp. Đặc biệt, hệ sinh thái rừng
ngập mặn ở các tỉnh Cà Mau, Kiên Giang, Bạc Liêu, Sóc Trăng, Trà
Vinh, Bến Tre,ucó vai trò cực kỳ quan trọng trong phát triển kinh tế -
xã hội, giữ cân bằng môi trường sinh thái toàn khu vực.
Theo thông tin từ Tổng cục Thống kê, năm 2007, toàn vùng Đồng
bằng sông Cửu Long có 320.900 ha rừng các loại, trong đó có 63.800
ha rừng tự nhiên và 257.100 ha rừng trồng, diện tích che phủ chưa
đạt 10% diện tích đất tự nhiên. Giá trị sản xuất lâm nghiệp năm
2007 đạt 1.005,2 tỷ đồng (theo giá so sánh năm 1994). Rừng ngập
mặn (chiếm cứ trên các bãi bồi phù sa ven biển, lưu vực của cửa
sông thông ra biển và các đầm trũng nội địa) chưa đến 100.000 ha,
tập trung ở các tỉnh Cà Mau (58.285 ha), Bạc Liêu (4.142 ha), Sóc
Trăng (2.943 ha), Trà Vinh (8.582 ha), Bến Tre (7.153 ha), Kiên Giang
(322 ha), Long An (400 ha) Hệ thực vật rừng ngập mặn phổ biến ở
vùng ven biển ĐBSCL là các loài mắm trắng, đước, bần trắng, bần
chua, vẹt tách, dà quánh, dà vôi, giá, cóc vàng, dừa nước Theo số
liệu của ngành lâm nghiệp, vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long có 98
loài cây rừng ngập mặn; ngoài ra ở các hệ sinh thái đất ngập nước có
đến 36 loài thú, 182 loài chim, 34 loài bò sát và 6 loài lưỡng cư; vùng
biển và ven biển có đến 260 loài cá và thủy sản. Những số liệu trên
cho thấy tính đa dạng sinh học ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.
854OH,-EPQ,>CHQ,,CHQ,
Ž4(U>EEPETE=X9'+U5+0U:[d(;4Q=XH+0=4:,)sEJKD+4VR'=Xd,=QE4
D,-+%^+;4HA+0j=k=C+[d(I(1Je960HF9XDJt+0R|+0Ew+EPETE;4HT+0
gA+U*=)9<(m\1[>+0+4Vgx=0OE4+0P9_ET=g˜96666TE;4HT+0gA+;4TE;4-+0
09F(6
88R,CCR,CSH,C>ITUVCWH

I.2.2.1. Thực trạng phát triển kinh tế
9<++D1_+:+;9+4=YELDUˆ+0t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0JD+0E4(1'+[KE4
=4GH4Vc+0=3+0[d+=k=X5+0=4V^+0,O9_[KE4UsUFE-+0+049<S_=9'(=4LE-+0
+049<S_09A,[d+=k=X5+0+-+0+049<S6
a. Ngành nông nghiệp
hE[ˆ[9<+=QE4ED+4=TE+-+0+049<SUF=4L1gA+E4VD=c9jŠ…ELDEA+VcE
+4V+0,9:+\1JP+00PS4^+@Š…[9<+=QE4)oD_’8…[9<+=QE4+(-9=Xt+0
=4L1gA+_jŠ…09T=XKgA+m(C=+-+0+049<SUF@‹…gA+)V`+0=4L1gA+ELDEA
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
i
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
+VcE6oD=Xt+0+49:(+4C=fETE=€+4+9D+0_Ž9?+9D+0_H+0+_t+0
4TS_%PEX3+0_9:+9D+069<+=QE4UFgA+)V`+0=4(4HOE4E49Y,4^+@Š…
gHUc9EA+VcE6#b+4I(\+)V^+0=4>EJd(+0VW90CS76j)d+gHUc9)V^+0=4>E
=X(+0Rb+4EA+VcE64WU*1+?+t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0)F+^9m(C=;4p(
0OH  E4L  )>E  ELD  EA  JC=  +VcE6  0HF9  XD  Uˆ+0  +F1  Ew+  =Xt+0,QD_XD(
J*(_mHF9_[lD_gd(X9?+0_ED,_RVf966604:+(-9UK=JF+S4T==X9'+,O+46(-9
+49:(f#OE9?(_FD(_%PEX3+0_}+4H+0_XF9+46%A+)V`+0=4L1gA+
E49Y,@Š…+49:(+4C=fETE=€+4FD(_Ž9?+9D+0_+9D+06hER9<=)F
Ž9?+9D+0)F=€+4EPgA+)V`+0=4L1gA+g3+Rƒ=+49:(+4C=7j—78—=C+=4L1
gA+„+3,7ŠŠŠ†_+9D+0)F=€+4+(-9=Xt+0=4L1gA+)c++4C=Uˆ+0iŠŠŠŠ=C+
=4L1gA+„+3,7ŠŠŠ†604:+(-9=Xt+0=-,ETm(C=;4p(JD+0S4T==X9'+,O+46
-,ET=*S=X(+0XC=0d+RWUF[2+(-9+?+JT+4Rƒ=XC==4(*+=9<+6
04:Xl+0Er+009NUD9=XwI(D+=X5+0_JhER9<==Xt+0Xl+0+0*S,h+UG+
R9'+FD(_JAH4o.(ZE_I(d+JAH4e4(_4w+Ž4HD96bJ\1)F+04:
09NUD9=Xw=XH+0U9<ERAHU<,-9=XVW+0_g9+445E_ETE)HF9g9+4U*=UF,-9
=XVW+0g9+4=4T9JD[O+06
b. Ngành công nghiệp
4T==X9'+XC==4CS64YR9Y+)V`+0=4>EE49Y,+49:(+4C=ELDEAUˆ+06d+
4^)F=X(+0=\,ELDEFUˆ+0RDH0t,ETE+0F+4/+49<=J9<+_E4YR9Y+)V^+0

=4>E_)(1<+;9,JG+_E^;4Q_4PDE4C=_[<=,D1UFU*=)9<(m\1[>+064F+4S4Z
d+4^Ew+EPg\+RD10PSS4d+09DH)V(4F+04PD_;4TE4[()KE4=XH+0UF
+0HF9+VcE6
c. Ngành thương mại - dịch vụ
Ž4(U>E[KE4UsELDUˆ+0t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0RDH0t,ETE+0F+4E4L
1Y(/m(C=+4*S;4p(_U*+=A9=4L1_[()KE46‰(C=;4p(0OHE49Y,iŠ…ELDEA+VcE_
JtJ-+0)O+4UF4HDI(A69DH=4-+0JVW+0=4L109NUD9=XwI(D+=X5+0+4C=6
()KE4g9+4=4T9Rƒ=Jd(;4f9gƒE+4V[()KE4=X?+g-+0+VcE_UVW+_ETE4w+
JAH6(1+49?+E4C=)V`+0UFEO+4=XD+4ELD[()KE4Ew+4O+E4Y6t+0R|+0g-+0
‡(H+0JD+0JV`EJd(=VJ'+\+0EDHE4C=)V`+0=Z=4^+UF49<(I(A;9+4=Y
=XH+0;4(U>E6
KE4Us=4V^+0,O9fUˆ+0t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0=(1S4T==X9'++4V+0
49<(I(AE4VDEDH6XH+0=4W909D+=c9_Ed++\+0EDHE4C=)V`+0S4sEUs_E4C=
)V`+04F+04PDJ'JTSq+0+4(Ed(+0F1EF+0EDHELD+4\+[\+6
888Dân số, lao động và việc làm
t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0)F;4(U>E[\+EVJ-+0JoE=4q7ELDEA+VcE_
gD(t+0R|+0g-+0t+06\+gZ=HF+Uˆ+0+3,7ŠŠ’)F8’6@7‹6ŠŠŠ+0VW9_E49Y,
7Š_•…[\+gZEA+VcE6*=JMEV=Xo)F‹j7+0VW9™;,
7
_0CS8_’)d+,*=JMRb+4I(\+
EA+VcE6\+EVg9+4gZ+0=*S=X(+0Uˆ+0UG+g-+09:+_g-+0*(UF=4VD4^+fETE
Uˆ+0g\(mD=XH+0+M9Jt+0+4VUˆ+09+4_Uˆ+0t+04TSVW9666666
:I(1,-[\+gZ_=€+4+9D+0[v+Jd(;4(U>EUc9767j86ŠŠŠ+0VW9_=4CS+4C=
)F=€+4*(9D+0Uc9’—i6iŠŠ+0VW96:,*=JM_=4F+4S4Zd+4^EP,qEJM=*S
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
—
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
=X(+0[\+EVJ-+0+4C=Uc9i7‹+0VW9™;,
7
a;YJY+)FETE=€+4}+4H+0_9:+9D+0_

+9D+0_#Y+XGa=4CS+4C=)F=€+4FD(_E4€Uc97jj+0VW9™;,
7
6%Z[\+=4F+4=4K
+3,7ŠŠ’)Fj6’8’6ŠŠŠ+0VW9_E49Y,;4HA+078_7…[\+gZ=HF+Uˆ+0_J9:(+F1E4H
=4C1X•=Q+4E4C=+-+0=4-+ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+06
\+EVg9+4gZ+0fUˆ+0t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0RDH0t,+49:([\+=ME;4TE
+4D(_=XH+0JPEP‹[\+=MEE4Q+4)F/Ž9+4„9<=†_HD_43,UFŽ4,GX60VW9Ž9+4
E49Y,JO9JDgZ_gZ+0f4d(4Y=ETE+^9=XH+0Uˆ+060VW9HD=*S=X(+0+49:(fETE
=€+4#OE9?(_FD(_%PEX3+060VW943,gZ+0E4L1Y(f+9D+060VW9
Ž4,GXEP,h=J-+0JoEfETE=€+4XF9+4_%PEX3+0_+9D+06
]Ž49+0VW99<=E4VDJh=E4\+JY+Uˆ+0JC=D,#M=4b+^9J\1JnEP+0VW9g9+4
gZ+06(1+49?+_[\+gZRA+JKDEw+Q=UF)cS+0VW9+F1E4L1Y(gZ+0R|+0+04:+-+0
+?+45E4€EV=Xo=X?+,M=JKDRF+4šS6n9JY+=4Y;k‰_Uˆ+0JC=+F1Rƒ=Jd(
m(C=49<++4N+0)cSEV[\+,c96P)F+4N+0EV[\++0VW99<=)T+4+O+E49Y+=XD+4
=4W9ETEE4oDXK+4]0(12+65)F+4N+0+-+0[\+_=4`=4LE-+0XW9R˜I(?E4DJC=
=eE4O1UFHJ\1g9+4E^)*S+049<S6
]XH+0)cSEV[\+,c9JY+UFHE(Z9=4Y;k‰_Ew+EP,M=gZ+0VW9HD=lETE
=€+4.(A+0-+0_.(A+0\1_4oEŽ9Y+„X(+0.(ZE†_,FS4d+J-+0)FI(D+_I(\+
+4F9+4;4-+0E4K(=4d+S4sE=X9:(Jb+4n+4D+46yˆD4~_=4T+0@_I(D+e+0
R9+4=XC+=4LH+0,-+V^+00O+KE4UFS4P=Vc+0HF+09Y+aI(D+e+0R9+4
=XC+=4LDH_-9_9?,)FXd+4V`+0‰(1?+UFS4P=Vc+0Xd++#b+4JG,R9+4
=4(1:+UF09DI(1Y+=X?+j6ŠŠŠ+0VW9UF@ŠE49YE=4(1:+UFH4D94A9EA+0V9:+UF
F›+065=\(m9+)F,=4d+RME+VcE=D65JV`E+4VBUFJV`EE4€JK+4UFHJK+4
EV=X?+JC=t+0D9UFœ4H{6Y+t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0UFHE(Z9=4Y;k
‰Ew+EP,M=+4P,+0VW9HD;4TE_JP)F)>E)V`+0[HOE‡([v+Jd(JY+;4D9
S4TUˆ+0JC=F9?+6
]0VW943,JY+g9+4gZ+0ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0UFH;4HA+0=4Y;k
‰_E4L1Y(=4GHJOHt960VW943,ft+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0g9+4gZ+0E4L
1Y(R|+0+04:E4F9)Vc9_[<==4LE-+0UFR(-+RT++4˜_+04:+-+0E4€)F=4q1Y(6%A+
S4p,=4LE-+0+e9=9Y+0ELD45)F=4eEp,6

]XVcE=4Y;€‰_+0VW9Ž4,GXUFU3+4HTELD4509NUD9=XwE4L=4'fUˆ+0
t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+060F1+D1_45=*S=X(+0g9+4gZ+0fjUˆ+0,-9g9+4)c+
)F/Uˆ+0Jt+0R|+0+M9JKD_Uˆ+0S4~+,h+UG+R9'+_Uˆ+0Jt9+o9\1D,09TSR9?+
09c9D,S(E49D60VW9Ž4,GX=XVcEJ\1f+4FgF+_+D1gZ+0=XH+0ETE+0-9+4FJC=6
XMYZ,-,-KGH[\,
hE[ˆt+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0)FUˆ+0gA+m(C=+-+0+049<S)c++4C=+VcE_
+4V+0JW9gZ+0=9+4=4d+UFU*=E4C=ELDJt+0RFH+^9J\1Ew+=4CS_E4VDR|+0Rb+4
I(\+E4(+0ELDEA+VcE6Rb+4I(\+Jd(+0VW9+3,7ŠŠ•VcE=Q+4JO=‹—j%
„gHUc9Rb+4I(\+EA+VcE’7—%†6^gf4O=d+0+4b+E4(+0Ew+XC=1Y(;x,6h=
R|+0[\+=XQEr+0=4CS4^+Rb+4I(\+E4(+0EA+VcE64\+[\+49<+g9+4gZ+0=XH+0j
=X9<(E3++4F_,F’Š…)F+4F=O,R`6
Ž4-+0=4'Eq,n9[(1=Xb+4N+0‚ET9+4C=‚XC=,\(=4(v+UF+04KE4)B;9'(+F1f
t+0R|+0%-+0‡(H+0/U>D)oD)c++4C=_=4L14A9gA++49:(+4C=_E\1=XT9S4H+0
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
8Š
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
S4o+4C=_+4V+0Jt+0=4W9E^gf4O=d+0;x,+4C=_+4Ff=t9=<+4C=_09TH[sEm(Z+0
ECS+4C=666CS=49Y=S4A9=9Y+4F+4I(14HOE4=e+0=4'E4H=HF+Uˆ+0t+0R|+0g-+0
‡(H+0RVcEUFH=4W94*(•UFgc,4b+4=4F+4,M=#D+E4€JOH=4Z+0+4C=JhE
=XTE4S4T==X9'+=4(MEECS+4F+VcEEDH+4C=6P+4VU*1=4bt+0R|+0g-+0‡(
H+0,c9,H+0JZ9Jd(JV`EUc9E(ME;4L+04HA+0,-9=XVW+0=XVcE,ƒ=Er+0+4V
U>E[*1U>D)V^+0=4>E=4>ES4p,)c++4C=+VcE+F16
—6H]^[_M`O@O^>a^
4T==X9'+09TH[sE]JFH=OHJTSq+01?(Ed(+\+0EDH[\+=XQ_JFH=OHJM9+0r)DH
JM+0;}=4(*=E4HS4T==X9'+;9+4=Y]mn4M9_Jp1,O+4mn4M94HT09TH[sEUFJD[O+0
4HTJFH=OH_4HF+=4F+4mHT,ˆE4NUFS4eE*S=9'(45E_=9Y+=c9S4eE*S=X(+045E,f
XM+0JFH=OHE4(1?+,-+6\+0EDH)>E)V`+009TH[sERDH0t,m\1[>+0JM9+0r
=4d109TH_=3+0EVW+0E^gfU*=E4C=_=XD+0=49Y=RK_EA9=49<+t+0R|+0g-+0‡(
H+009TH[sEJ',JA,RAHg>S4T==X9'+09TH[sEELDUˆ+0R:+UN+0UF+4D+4
E4P+06

3,7ŠŠŠmHT,ˆE4NUFS4eE*S=9'(45E63,7Š8ŠE^RA+S4eE*SECSfETEJ-
=4K6\+0=€)<45Eg9+4ECSJO=jŠ…+3,7Š8Š63+0EVW+0JFH=OH=X(+0ECSUF
E-+0+4\+;}=4(*==9Y+=c9JFH=OHJO945E_,fXM+04<JO945EEM+0Jt+0_JFH=OHET+
RM;}=4(*=UFI(A+)BJTSq+0+4(Ed(;9+4=Y64C+JC(+3,7Š8Š=4(4o=7Š…JM
=(e98i]7j45EEDHJ–+0_JO945E_+\+0=€)<)DHJM+0JV`EJFH=OH)?+=X?+7Š…)>E
)V`+0)DHJM+06
4T==X9'+,O+44<=4Z+0,O+0)Vc9ETE=XVW+0=l,v(09THJY+JO945E_,O+0)Vc9
ETE=XVW+0=X(+045EE4(1?++049<SUF[O1+04:6‰\1[>+0Rt9[Vz+0UFE43,)HJM9
+0rET+RM09THU9?+_=3+0EVW+0Jd(=VE^gfU*=E4C==XD+0=49Y=RK=XVW+045EJA,
RAHJV`EETE1Y(=ZE4(p+/XVW+0gfJV`Em\1EC=E4(p+_JL=4d1JO==9?(E4(p+[O1
ETE,-+_RF+04YJd1JLE4H=4d1=Xw_=XD+0=49Y=RKEd+=49Y==4>E4F+4UF,-9=XVW+0
09TH[sE]JFH=OH=Z=6
8Š6ž=Y_RAHU<gqE;4˜G
A9=49<+=b+4=XO+0gqE;4HŸ„=(e9=45’Š=(e9_E49:(EDH=4F+4+9?+8_’,x=_=k)<=XŸ
G,g(1[9+4[Vz+0[Vc9@…666†_;4Z+0E4YETER<+40\1[KE4„JhER9<=)FETER<+4
+492,;4(p+_R<+4)\1)D+[H+VcEUF[HUGE=H=X(1:+R<+4†_E4LJM+0S4w+0E4Z+0
%_EA9=49<+,-9=XVW+0gZ+0_)DHJM+0_45E=*S6(+0ECS+VcEgOE4JO=8ŠŠ…_
Ed(=9?(4`SU<g9+48ŠŠ…_m‡)B+VcE=4A9_XTE_m\1[>+009DJb+4I(1,-+4˜8]7
EH+6A9=49<+E4C=)V`+0[9+4[Vz+0_JTSq+01?(Ed(E4C=)V`+0E4NDR<+4ELD+4\+
[\+_=4>E49<+S4sE4t9E4qE+3+06O+E4YETER<+4[HS4T==X9'+E-+0+049<S_ETE
R<+4;4-+0)\1)D+UFETE+0(1E^,c96
‰\1[>+0,O+0)Vc9;4T,E4NDR<+4=l=(1Y+=€+4_4(1<+_;4(U>EJY+mn_JA,RAH
+4F;9?+EZ_JO==9?(E4(p+U<g9+464C+JC(JO=JV`EJd1JLETE[D+4,sE=XD+0RK1
=Y=l+0ECS_EPJL=4(ZE=49Y=1Y(UFUƒEm9+_E4C=)V`+0I(A+)B=Z=_EPJLET+RM
E4(1?+;4HD_=4d1=4(ZEEP=D1+04:EDH6
‰\1[>+04<145E[>S4w+06
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
88
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
b+4=4F+44<=4Z+0E4Z+0ETER<+4mn4M9_EPET+RME4(1?+=XTE4S4w+0E4Z+0ETE

R<+4mn4M9_mn_S4VW+0_=4K=XC+6
eE4qE4<RAHU<gqE;4HŸRF,š=XŸG,];Y4HOE44HT09DJb+4RDH0t,/X(+0=\,
RAHU<gqE;4HŸRF,š=XŸG,];Y4HOE44HT09DJb+4=€+4aM9RAHU<gqE;4HŸRF,š
=XŸG,][KE4Us;Y4HOE44HT09DJb+4aETE+4F4Mg9+4;4(U>EUF;4HDgA+fETE
=XO,1=Ymn6
8864T==X9'+4O=d+0E^gf
D69DH=4-+0
]03+E4h+g>m(Z+0ECSELDETE)(t+0=(1Y+U*+=A9=4(k=X?+t+0R|+0g-+0‡(
H+0_=9Y+4F+4;4-9S4sEUF+\+0ECS=l+0RVcE_V(=9?+=XVcEETE=(1Y+=X5+01Y(
ELD=HF+#%+4V=(1Y+]Ž9?+V^+0UF=(1Y+]FD(_
Jt+0=4W9=4VW+0m(1?+EL+0EZETE=(1Y+;4TE6
]‰\1[>+0EA+0d+4^=X?+g-+0*(_)F,EA+0=X(+0=\,E4HEAt+0R|+0g-+0
‡(H+0_RVcEJd(E4H=F(@6ŠŠŠ=C+XDUFH=4(*+=9?+_gD(JP=F(8Š6ŠŠŠ=C+_+3+0
)>E=4-+0I(D;4HA+08_@=X9<(=C+™+3,UF+\+0[d+)?+7_@]j=X9<(=C+™+3,UFH
;4HA+0+3,7Š8Š_JA,+4*+ETE4F+04HT=4-+0[s+0UF4F+0H+=D9+GXE4HEAt+0
R|+0g-+0‡(H+06X9'+U5+0+F1=(“=4(MEUFH;Y=I(A+049?+Eq(;4D9=4-+0E‡D
K+4+60HF9XD_EP=4'm\1[>+08]7EA+0)c+;4TE6
\+0ECSETE=€+4+|,[5EETEg-+09:+UFg-+0*(+4VEA+0œ4c9_œ4H_
}+44T9_3,3+_Ž9?+V^+0_w+4-+0_S4T==X9'+J'=9YS+4*+JV`EETE=F(
R9'+6
]4A9E4oB=4VW+0m(1?+U9<E+OHUx=)(t+0)OE4JhER9<=)(t+0E‡DK+4+_‡D
9'(„%-+09:+†UF‡DXd+:)9?+I(D+EA+03,3+6
]9YS=sE+03+E4h+g>m(Z+0ECSELDETEJVW+0RMJnEP_m\1[>+0ETE=(1Y+,c9_
=3+0,*=JMJVW+0RM=XH+0#%)?+Š_@;,™;,7_E4o=X5+0Jo+0,qEJVW+009DH
=4-+0+-+0=4-++4|,JTSq+01?(Ed(S4T==X9'+ELD;9+4=Y]mn4M9_D++9+4_I(ZE
S4w+0UFJhER9<=0PSS4d+RAHU<D+=HF+E4H+4\+[\+Er+0+4VRAHU<=F9gA+UF
ETE;Y=EC(4O=d+0=XH+0t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0;49,ˆD)r4F+0+3,JY+fJ€+4
,qE)r8—•86
\+0ECSETEI(ZE)MELDUˆ+0_4HF+E4€+4,O+0)Vc909DH=4-+0JVW+0RM=l+0=€+46
].(ZE)M8JHO+=l#Y+qE„H+0+†JY+3,3+[F9j’@_@;,_JHO++|,=XH+0

Uˆ+0)r[F98•i_j;,6
](1Y+8/>;9Y+Rƒ=Jd(+Z9=lI(ZE)M8‹=l4^+4F+4I(DXA+0#F+0„\1
9+4†U:L49„S6†I(DqE(<_MEHT„H+0+†\+4F+4]w
OE4_t+00>_\+t+0„t+04TS†Xt9JY++9D+0_Ž9?+9D+06
](1Y+7/M=+4T+4=lI(ZE)M77„L49†I(DqEHF_qE(<JY+4O+4
HT_\+4O+46%D(JPJ9[5E;?+4t+09Y+V^+03+V^+0I(DXF,49,
U:4D+4#b+4+Z9UFHI(ZE)MjŠ6b+|,=XH+0;4(U>E)rE4H+?+JHO+XF,49,_
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
87
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
+H+0S4A9)F,JVW+0=XF+6HO+E(Z9ELD=(1Y+7=lDHn+4I(D+9D+0
[5E;?+4ET9F(4V`+0+Z9UFHI(ZE)MiŠ6
].(ZE)M@Š/d+9(ME]œ4H[F9’i_j;,_+|,=XH+0Uˆ+0)r87;,6
].(ZE)M•Š/9:+9D+0]%PEX3+0[bD87’;,_+|,=XH+0Uˆ+0)r‹8;,6
].(ZE)MiŠ/œ4(*+]F9?+[F978Š_’;,6HO+MŸ]OE4%˜9UFOE4%˜9]
F9?+Eƒ=+0D+04Vc+0=4HT=)r+?+Ed+RZ=XQEd(EZ+0JVW+0=XF+6
].(ZE)M•8/|,=HF+RM=XH+0Uˆ+0E4K(A+44Vf+0ELD)r[F9—•_8;,_=l+0nj
T9ƒE„.(ZE)M8]d+4^†JY+I(ZE)MiŠ6
].(ZE)M•7/l\++]}+4V+0„09TSD,S(E49D†[F9—7_@;,6
](1Y+7—/lD9*1I(D.8J9[5E;?+487I(D\+4O+4_MEHTJY+
#b+44\(+Z9Uc9.•7[F9ji;,6
](1Y+[5E;?+44VcE‰(1?+/#ƒ=Jd(=VT9#~[5E;?+47iI(Dœ+J9[5E
;?+44VcE‰(1?+UFOE4T9JY+4-+0#b+4UF+Z9UFH=(1Y+8[F9iŠ;,6
].(ZE)MjŠ/l+0nRD+N(J9D,S(E49D[F988—_•;,_=(1Y++F1Eƒ=+0D+0
4Vc+0)r=XF+UFHt+04TSVW96bU*1RZ=XQEd(_EZ+0=4HA,n+1?(Ed(ELDRF9
=HT+=4L1)>E6
]iii/:+04K+\+0=4F+4I(ZE)M=W}+4H+0I(Dg-+0e49?+gD+0#Y+XG
Eƒ=.•Šf˜F1[F987@;,6XVcE,ƒ=J:+04KE4(1'+RY+S4FOE492()?+
S4QD=X?+=O94ooE6Ž49EPJ9:(;9<+gA+m(C=m\1Ed(I(D%-+09:+=O94ooE
+Z9#Y+XGUc99:+9D+06

].—8/ld+4^]K+4#9?+[F98‹7_8;,_=XH+0JP[5E4\(ZE]K+4#9?+
[F98’;,6
].•j/lw.(DHI(D}+44(*+JY+FD([F9’—;,6
].@j/l}+4H+0]H+0HF+„(1?+A9]XF9+4†[F988‹;,6
].@‹/lS4FF,Z+0JY+XF9+4[F98@j;,6
](1Y+d+4^]\+9<S]X9-+]K+4#9?++Z9UFH8[F98‹7;,6
C=EAETE=(1Y+JVW+0+|,=XH+0Uˆ+0J:(JV`E=Q+4=4GHJ€+4)r+3,8—•8UF)F,
JVW+0=9?(E4(p+ECSJt+0R|+0_Ew++0HF9Uˆ+0)r=4b=4GH,qE=X9:(+3,8——‹6
4T==X9'+UF,fXM+0ETEJVW+0E4(1?+[s+0UFHETE;4(E-+0+049<S_;4(E4Ym(C=_
JVW+0UFHETEEA+0_JVW+0UFHETE;4(;9+4=Y,c964T==X9'+09DH=4-+0+-+0=4-+/
\+0ECS4(1<+)M_=l+0JKDS4V^+0EP;Y4HOE4=4D1=4Y[d+4<=4Z+0Ed(;4€R|+0
4<=4Z+0Ed(=4xSRT+U}+4E‡(4HhEEd(R?=-+0_S4C+JC(JY++3,7ŠŠ@_;4-+0Ew+
Ed(;4€=X?+ETEJVW+0)9?+mn„)HO9†UdJVW+0)9?+CSUF+M9CS„)HO9#†_8ŠŠ…gZmn
EPJVW+0-=-U:=c9=*+mn„=XlETEmnEˆ)DHJV`EI(Dg-+0R|+0S4F_Ew+S4A9m\1
[>+076jŠŠ;,JVW+0E4Hj8‹mn†_JK+44b+44HTETE)HO9Ed(+4˜I(Dg-+0)OE46
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
8j
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
‰\1[>+0g\+RD1XFPE_)F,g\+RD1=X(+0=\,ELDt+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+06
XVcE,ƒ==9YS+4*+4F+4;4TE4+M9JKD_g S4T==X9'+J'=9YS+4*+,T1RD1+VcE
+0HF96
4N+0g\+RD1+4V4o.(ZE_OE49T_FD(/Ed+EA9=HOUF+\+0ECSS4sEUsg>
J9)O9E4H4F+4;4TE4UFm(C=;4p(4F+0=V^9gZ+06h=;4TEEw+)F,+49<,UsRAHU<
D++9+4I(ZES4w+0fE‡D+0•S4QD\1ELD;4(U>EUFEA+VcE6
TEg\+RD1;4TE=X?+t+0R|+0g-+0‡(H+0„œ4H_H+0+_}+4H+0_%PE
X3+0_+9D+0U666U666†Ed+I(A+)B_RAHI(A+_;49Ed+=49Y=g JVDUFHg‡[s+06
R6#V(J9<+
9<+JO94HTRV(E4Q+4U92+=4-+0Uˆ+0/=>JM+04HT_gZ4HT_[9JM+04HT_E-+0EM+0
4HT_J-+0RM4HT,O+0)Vc9=4-+0=9+UFJD[O+04HTETE[KE4Us6b+4=4F+4=X(+0
=\,J9<+=4HO94N(=(1Y+)9?+)OEI(D4<=4Z+0,h=JC=]U<=9+4_4<U9RD_4<ETS

I(D+06
E6CS+VcE
d+S4T==X9'+4<=4Z+0ECS+VcE=XVcEfETE=4F+4S4Z_=4KmnS4T==X9'+E-+0+049<S
UFgD(JPfETE=4Kmn_=4K=XC+4(1<+UFETE;4([\+EV=*S=X(+06
f+-+0=4-+_S4T==X9'+ETE09Y+0R^,+0d,S4\+=T+UFETE=49Y=RK)5E+VcEf09D
Jb+4_JA,RAH+0(t++VcEgOE4E4H3+(Z+06
[6CSJ9<+
3,7Š8ŠS4C+JC(J9<+=4V^+0S4p,@6•’Š•_=ZEJM=3+0=XVf+0Rb+4I(\+
4F+0+3,i…=l+D1+3,7Š8Š6
876TEUC+J:mn4M9
4(Ed(U9<E)F,Er+0g =3+0+4D+4=l+D1=c9+3,7ŠŠŠ_;4HA+07_i‹…,•9+3,UF
09A,m(Z+07_’‹…=XH+0=4W9;“Jd(6OHE-+03+U9<E)F,)F,M==XH+0+4N+0=4TE4
=4qE)c+Ed+09A9I(1Y=6
4GH;Y=I(A=Q+4=HT+_)DHJM+0+-+0+049<Sg =3+0E4*,)O9UF09A,=(1<=JZ9UFH
gD(+3,7ŠŠŠ_EP@8’•_@+0F++0VW9_E49Y,@8…)DHJM+0EPU9<E)F,+3,7Š8Š6TE
+0F+4S49+-+0+049<Sg E(+0ECS0d+,M=+‡DgZE-+03+U9<E)F,=XH+0+:+;9+4=Y_
=qE)F;4HA+00d+@_Š=X9<(E4•)F,U9<E=XH+0JPEP=X?+7=X9<(E4•)F,=XH+0E-+0
+049<SUFm\1[>+06
>=Q+4+4(Ed()DHJM+0EPJFH=OHg =3+0U5==XH+0+4N+0+3,=c9_=V^+0JV^+0=Z9
=49'(Uc98@…)>E)V`+0)DHJM+0UdH+3,7ŠŠŠUFjŠ…)>E)V`+0)DHJM+0UFH+3,
7Š8Š6
>;9Y+,qEgZ+0[\+EV=3+0X•X<=_+3,7Š8Š™+0VW9JO=’@@’+0F+Jt+0_
=V^+0JV^+0•’i_7%6¡+,hE_f_45E=*S_J9)O9_E4NDR<+4EP+4N+0EA9=49<+
JT+0;'6CSJ9<+JO=8ŠŠ…4M_ECS+VcEg9+44HO=JO=8ŠŠ…4M_E^RA+S4eE*SECS
_‹RTEg}™8Š6ŠŠŠ[\+_=XŸG,g(1[9+4[Vz+0[Vc9@…_;4-+0Ew+4MJP9+04~H6
Ngành QuA+BC=D9 Trang
8‹
Bài ti'()(*+,-+.%/0(12+3+45+
8j6Ž4HD45EUFE-+0+04<
C1+049?+Eq(q+0[s+0UF=9YS=4(E-+0+04<+4*S)FE4Q+4=XH+0=4W9;“8——•]

7ŠŠŠ_Jt+0=4W9E4(p+RKETEJ9:(;9<+J'EP=4'JL+3+0)>EE4H+4N+0+049?+Eq(E^
RA+=XH+0=4W9;“gD(7ŠŠ8]7Š8Š_+4C=)F=XH+0)}+4U>EE-+0+04<g9+445E6p1
,O+4I(T=Xb+4E4(1'+09DHE-+0+04<=lS4w+0=4Q+049<,_E^gf+049?+Eq(;4HD
45E=c9gA+m(C=JO9=XFELDETE+0F+4;9+4=Y63+0EVW+0E-+0=TEJFH=OHET+RMUF
S4eR9Y++\+0EDH=Xb+4JM+4\+[\+U:;4HD45EUFE-+0+04<6
8‹6#AHU<,-9=XVW+0
d++03+E4h+UF;9',gHT=UC+J:-+492,_Ed+[(1=XbETE4<g9+4=4T9=>+49?+I(D+
=X5+0_ETEg>T+S4T==X9'+S4A9RDH0t,ETER9<+S4TSRAHU<,-9=XVW+0+4V,M=
=4F+4S4d+;4-+0=4'=49Y(JV`EELD[>T+64N+0)}+4U>EgD(J\1Rƒ=R(MES4A9EP
JT+409T=TEJM+0,-9=XVW+0/S4T==X9'+=4(k)`9„=Vc9_=9?(_E4Z+0)r_+03+,h+UFX‡D
S4~+†_S4T==X9'++-+0+049<S_)\,+049<SUF=4(kgA+„=4\,ED+4=3+0Us†_J-=4K4HT_
S4T==X9'+E-+0+049<S_09DH=4-+0JVW+0=4(k_RMUFS4T==X9'+[()KE46
8@6ŽY=4`S;9+4=YUc9I(ZES4w+0
4T==X9'+;9+4=YUˆ+0S4A9J9J-9Uc9+\+0EDH=9:,)>EI(ZES4w+064F+VcEX(+0
V^+0UFETE=€+4Ed+4Vc+04HO=JM+0ELDETE=4F+4S4d+;9+4=Y_ELD)>E)V`+0Ur
=XD+0UFH,sE=9?(UlDS4T==X9'+;9+4=YUlDE43,)HEL+0EZUF=3+0EVW+0=9:,)>E
I(ZES4w+06‰\1[>+0E^EC(+0F+4UlDJA,RAH=3+0=XVf+0;9+4=YEDH_UlD=OH
J9:(;9<+Jp1,O+4D++9+4I(ZES4w+06‰\1[>+0E^EC(Uˆ+0UlDJA,RAH,•9JKD
S4V^+0S4T=4(1=4Y,O+4ELD,b+4UlD;4-+0R˜=XZ+0JKDRF+ETE;4(U>E1Y(U:
;9+4=Y_g^4fU:D++9+4I(ZES4w+0_S4A9=Q+4JY+ETEUK=XQm(+01Y(_ETE=(1Y+09DH
=4-+0_RZ=XQ[\+EV666
/7!'/76
/57!'
04~HJP9Uv+)FRqE=XD+4E4(+0ELD;4(U>Emn_;4HA+0ETE409ND+0VW9+04~H
UF+0VW909F(+0F1EF+0XM+04^+6
9A,+04~H)F,M=UC+J:JD(Jd(ELDE4Q+4I(1:+JKDS4V^+06B[HE4Q+4)F
[\+EVS4s=4(ME+49:(UFH+0F+4+-+0_+0F+4,F;4-+0EP)`9+4(*+EDH4D1E4K(
+49:(XL9XH=l=49?++49?+6#?+EO+4JP[9<+=QE4JC=EDE4=TE=X?+Jd(+0VW94O+E4Y_
S4V^+0=9<+ED+4=TE)OE4*(_+`)FUC+J:,F+0VW9[\+=XH+0mnJD+0S4A9JZ9,h=6
TEE4Q+4gTE4mPDJP909A,+04~HJnJO=JV`E+49:(=4F+4=>()F,09A,JT+0;'

gZ4M+04~H=XH+0mnm(Z+06(1+49?+_ETEE4Q+4gTE4+F1EP,M=UF94O+E4Y_=4'
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=XVcE+4N+0XL9XHELDE(MEgZ+0„Z,JD(_=49?+=D9_,C=,ˆD_R9Y+JM+0=4K=XVW+0_
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4(1gT+0;9Y+_+3+0JM+0ELDJKDS4V^+0_UD9=XwELDETEJHF+=4'UF+0VW9[\+=XH+0
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+04~H_ET+RM;4(1Y++-+0fmn649Y=)*S4<=4Z+0=4GH[•9_09T,gT=_JT+409T_RAH
JA,=Q+4;4TE4I(D+_;4HD45E_0PSS4d+E4€JOHE4V^+0=Xb+4EP49<(I(A4^+6
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