Writing Skills For GRE-GMAT Episode 2 Part 2 docx

PAQT
I
:':_:,:.
l],
'.u,"rn
fcv,f$.,
hc,.:rrc
somc qu,LrcrLnc.
ro
kccp vou
on
$.
srtuFrrr
rnd
n.rroq,
wh(n,r
com.,
r,
rri c,.p.crs
n, vou.
s.or,nll'
.
lJlot,rcrt)etcisibirunsurclbourrhc
.usc
1,1 yourcssr,.
don\
u,",,
ili;;J:H;l;il
):l:1,:,;:,,::? ,::"
ro
Impress

dr e
retrdcr
\virh
.n
c.udire
voci
bu tin,,
f,rd
Uy.,
,.
n.,
, i
whar
_crudire-
mclrnri,
cirhcr
frnd
out
ordon.r
usc
ir
il) vouf
cssavsl)
.
If
a
phiise
sounds
\,ron8
ro vour

car.
chrn8c
ir unlit
ir
sounds
coarcct
Io vou.
.
T-he
fcwcr
words
vou
us(.
rhc
lcss
tikcl!
vou
U
arcrron
or
rdiom
So
rvhcn
i')
doubr.
!o
w.rh
3
PDr:se
Lhar

)oU
sti.ll
rhrnli
convcys
your
p,ru.rr.
.
lf Enstish
js
you,.
second
tanSuage,
u}lc
hcan:
In
evr.lurrirs
turd
scodng
your
essays,
cRE
and
GMAT
rcaders
c*e
into
accolrnr
_ o1
l.tl]o-
o.oo,.ms orly

ro
rhe
e).'tenr
tlrar
d)osc
probtcms
n'' ,-j:
1'T
a
rcader's
unclerst,ndjne
or yuu.
""","r'cci"
i'tcr,;"a
,*d:,1*',',.1,',il,'"'i;:il:;illt;"T*,croyourEFL
'
Ifvou
havc
tunprc
r'nrc_before
your
cxam,
and
you
rhini{
vour
diction
aDo
usc-ofid,oms
coutd

sl.lnd
cons;dcEblc
inprovcmcnl,
cbcck
for
en€'s
rn your
pmctrce
cssrys
br
consurtrnc
a reDurabre
guidc
ro
En-
n*,
a,
j'-:-'l
i l'"0
p'orcsso.
coue"iue,
or acqoal,'.,
cc who
-rm
Srasp
of rtrc
convenrions
ofsrxndard
vrrren
English.

YOUR
GRAMMAR
ln rhis
scction
-o.,
oo.,.,
,,',:J:"I]eam
the
Srammatjcal e.rors
tt''ar
resr
Llkers
riake
-'-
.n,".
" "
"r::'^':-:Y
ld
G^'tAr
cssa)'s
oI
coorsc'
I
can\
covcr
tbc
grr,oa
ro.
-o.,"ngutn
Sro'nrn'r herc

consulta
comorchensjvc
S'"'omar
Ennor
^
cuorcr
oF
ADiEorvE
,J;r;il*Jrious
cnors
risrei
hcrc
Use adjecrivcs
.'".,
,,''
*",
,:1":^t-'rn-e
'rd
-icr
Io
comPxrc
tua
dr'inss;
us€
adiecdvcs
no
{csr
to
comparc
dr'cc

orTnorc
rhfics
commir
JJl
cffor
iir
rcht'velv
bricf
ll,nttng
Sk/tk
lol tbc
G,PJa,lcttil-
TetL,
Thc
ijtand
of
Hawaii
is
tarler
rhal-
anJ,
o\her
Hasaijao
istftrd.
^notlrcr
wry
ro
makc
a
comparison

is ro
such
a5
uorc,
,*.
"*".
*i"*,.i",;iJ Tl#,1T:"J:#;".
wbcn
dcscribinS
longcr
')ounr,
bu!
use ir-
notrns.
Arso,
bc
surc
!o
usc
rcvlea-rr
ro crc
<t
ot
-sr
suf'L\
for
sho.r
leu1/Joucst
to
conp;.;;;J'

LU LomP'lrc
amounts
bur
use
i nc
rsrand
o{ Hr waii
is
Lhc
/a,S.crr
of
$.
Hi+ri,rn
istrndi.
@@.lxte6au.com
soz
s'osJaF4
rtdat
s,sa.I
JYIl!9lrZ
.Q
rol
s1lt4s
nnttual
I
s.uoett.
l_
16C
r
I

-43q,
s*sodo,d ,^rrJrutsuol sur.r''u
Je^o s!r:)
,oO
'unro
,t|)Jr"11)
-zI:rDgJ
rsJrd
o1
rlrrs
qroq
s3r'utd )lErJo-txao
pur
U?alqndrU lLtI
(rJ'!o))
IEJnIJ
,at,
sFsodord a^rrarltsuo:t 3nn1.xru
re^o sao\od
s,Eqjo
aqt Aur.
'zl)t)!f,
J{eJd o) II':)s
4rD
srrutd lFErtror.!)C put
ux)JlqndaU aql
(De!of) rcFAqS
auo pul
,Eq|lau ,Eqtla ,q2ba
s[

qJns
s;u:prtrJlrft
ol 3ur!a]rr rI
prsn
llFr:u.8
rJI
srrnolojd rrJnBuIS
'tl^ls
undo
rtaq,
dol.^.p
sJalutod Sunol
sdl)q l !rurl:
srsDr! reqro 8u.r,(prus
(l'ero))
fcrnld
'el^$
u,1[o Jaq
)o s1q do]P^.p rajulttd
8!mo,{ !
sdl.q ,{n!mr! srJru?
J.qlo Su
pnrs
'9uap.J)lur
rleqt
qlra
(fenld
ro rEJnSuls)
raquarr
ul a5r€E

sunouold
riqt aJns
f,g sraJaj rmouojd ?
qiJtJ]d
ol unou lqr
lldujls sl
ruapaJatuD
rry
rNlwr:dcv
INl0!)lrNV-NnoNoxd Nl
.xox!
:rrd l:w
I
sr
i:r,tlercl
Dut
anDu,nut
santair2te
raplsto2 Aprl.' sroraq rr^! qrlu
lt|ndpd
or lllgruo)
!
'.
Ito::o]
'
.a1qpinut
aum
tu)1lt m
Auntt
lq

m:ns
4:qr
u:r:
llrrlr
s5orf,q
rla
'q'rI!l]
nlndod
ot r$rrtuol
Derrol
.atqoulnv!
aJD
saatatlEq, {aqt,
s, Btm.r
,(q
snrBs
ncqr uJI-a llJJlr srorf,rl JDA
'r&{ru
lrlndod
or l-'rl)uotr
u)3rjo)rtl
-*
_Qnlqo
rrn
06T!
q
trrlqns
3rlt urqa
'sproa
r.q']o In)

Jtrn!
uodn
81.'rD! 5
5ru5lurs
orlr
Jo
rJ.fqns
.!p
urqa lJUo sunouord
:ax:11a.r :sn
trrrtlr8
!l
-taataslr2qr
ps
Jrasu
.jasauo
sn sproa qrns
.pnrrul sunouord
.^r^.Ur)I
sNnoNoud r rxryJd
JO
lsn
Uldosdrl
S3lNVllllt'\l
CNV 3lA-S :\': :r.'
Ennon
rru
Sur_reo-Vena
Acner,vrNr
^ vc.b

shoujd
xhrrvs
aFrtc
jn
numbcr_citt1c,
sinFUl:rr
or ptunl_wjrh
:::f::
*,:.'i*
clxUsc
sct
ofr bv
cc,,nD
s nrlsrrs
i
subjccr.vcrb
Ilolh
srnlcDccs
bclow
Dctudc
x
singutrr
suU;ccr
and
tbcr€rorr
crll
for
I
sin8utrr
vcrb (in

p.rcnrh€jcs).
)mptoecl.sonf
4c6rolo(t,,
rogcrher
v,rh
tcss
srrinScn!
quoLls,
accott
t for
tlle
r<cc
incrcnsc
in
rhc
commcrcr.r
yes:tcrs.
(:rccounrs)
rmounl
of
fish
cruent
bl
Inco.recr
Grade
schoot
i8rz.r&,
in efiical
and
values

of
respcc!
end
oI roler"nce,
ur?
drrivc. (is)
social
vdues,
panicularty
t]lc
required
tor any
democ.aq,
ro
Ir,rnoprn
Mtxtrlc
oF
GERuNDs/
No,vtnartvrs,
AND
lNFtNmvEs
Compound
subjccB (mu_lrjptc
subjccls joiJrco
Dy
conrccrors
such
as
thc
voro

ard
or
rhe
word
or) crn
also
mask
agrcemcnr
crrors.
Remcmbcr:
lf
l: Td -by 1J1,.a
c:mpound
subjecr
is
usuauy
prujaj
(and
takcs
a
plunl
].ll?l 11, 11".:l
oi,f,
ci,hef
.
or.
or
ncltDer
,or,
compound

suolccrs
arc
usuaLtv
singula
Plunl
subiect (Corrcct)
lll:::1
.rg
1:".
_d
hordins
down
i
tur.rimc
job
rcarr,,e
sood
organizftjonat
shilts.
srr'8ular
subicc(
(corrccr)
i ,1111,:
y"::^l
piron
no,
copemicus
himserf
uar
cxpccri,E

u)c
socicral
backjish
resutring
Lom
his denouncirg
th€
Exnh.
cenrered
protenraic
modct
of
rhe
univcrse_
4-E-/"runtl
is a verb
rumed
irto
a
noun
bt.lackjn8
on.,16
fbj rhe wi).
,rcktrt
rs
a
gcrund)
A noru
atiuc,s:t
nrun

ptu-ise
rhrr
sub.ucures
for r
l:y,:,(::e ?e
oJ
ts a
subsrjrure
for rzri,8).
^Jl
inf.,litiuc
js
rhe plunl
rorm
ot an
action
vcrb,
preceded
b! ,o
cL
wiih
eid,tr
infLni,ives
;:;;;;;;:"
;;"*i:.f
:l"iJ,."::,
tIiJ lJ:.
rrntrc-ed
pair
or the

p:rrenLhesred
par:
To
Aisc.r
(Aiser
ng)
rhar
drcrlrtion,s
hcrl$-ca
::.t:trrcd
me,xns
woui;.:;il;f:
il."il
ffl.,l.j:3t
ol
tec-hnoloajcil
iflroyalion
Pna6oil
rvritlng
Sktk
lor
tb.
CR.V<;iUT
.T.st,
E
u.o:J
ruoeaF0
atadl
osll:
rn(t

,ilr'()
)oN
.
.
.
|Lrf
.
rl)ofl .
.r
(,
(j
.
.lrqr,)N
.
'
r()
r)lrrt
.
:sf,^1lEl)!or
pasn
,4luoturuoJ
tsoul :)q) :llll
2r)ll
sdnttt)prJol
p),in
i^.noi
r)^.r:qa
ursrl)ll
lxl
rulnt:t

rot
r)rq.
osn,
l-=
lLtll
stftJ
Jytr,9/!2t:
).tt
rtu
\tt4\'
;tltD.tlt
.
s.rosJrla,
s15fl-wsnsnwvd
lfinvJ
srArrvrJudoJ|-wsnmwvd
ll.lnYl
'uropst{
rrur
urrtulxr!
Drft
's.rr-l
r:tpo
Jo
,ldord
rIlr^r
trir.lrn
,fuaddrd
snnbrr
oJ

otqr
f,rr,r
ntftar)s
p.rnruaprl
prr{
,{ljEru
.Ar^ris
Jo
uon!loqr
Ip 3roj5q
fuo]
l)JrroJ
's)rE
rrq,oro
eld-d
qrra
DlJ-rr
,,
:L'ffj1:iTr:ll#""::T
nu Jcg
pJ)nrucpq.pa:rg
,{wru
.:(::arys
_yo
uorrlloqr
:qr
)roJaq
8uo.I
1r.rlo:)
(aq.,

pur,
sE
qrns)
srrrruy
.
(o.|
lq prps$rd
sqrr^
JErnld)
sr^nrulrut
.
(pur.ll)
o)
prppr
trr,
ux
ilrr^\
sqD^)
spuru.O
.
(uo
ro
.qrrm
.!,
s,
qtrns)
suollsodald
.
ro f,fir
pf,xrul

ro
lu5lsr_suorLn
roj-$9n
llc
)ir!qf
.jlftlruns
p)tJnn$ot
cq
plnoqs
-sora)r
Jo
lsll I s[
r{Jns_Jcnb5
lffEJrrx!
r.rD.€
lrt
trq]
nuJrrlela
JJUltuaS
3!',
rrrldru)
Aruuar
qrurorsuru
rq,
r"
,"" ,."",
.t;tJj:;:ilr:l;
roqrl pozlrBfuo
f,rIj
Jo

3(nuo.funq
rLF
.f's8uoE
.&3ur)
ol
wS.q
srruxduiol
3rrmrzJnuruJ
5r!^ud
lq_roqxl
uosua
t ,s,
-,TI.j:?
,

r.JPun
rrsn
rrll
Jo
ltDulpr
rrp
Fm:'sqo t4sr
pL.rua8
aQr
)u:turs
upu
f,rp
ql
-rJr.e)
-uls

rq'1
Jo
8r.'rurjr! p)purtl'
arp slr^uoJ
,(lrsrlr
tsotrl
llr'oJ
t.^:,!pnj^,r
a,sl
tr oJ F4ltulqrr
mo uDr'|l
DqrEr
1t
Sul
oJjuot
rno
vt
prtinsrr
srq olTuru
Jo
rldod
,qr Btnss.urrH
alqErd.rrv
orfv
!r oJ flfrlzqrs
rno
u!I{r.r:loll
)1
Jano
lo)tuox

J o $
p)tlns)J
stq ,Jruxu
Jo
rr/dod
rltr
Bulsl:rlltH
rtqgrdDf,\':nB
prxJt{
_
:stxloj
r-ruj
ol alqEd:lan
sr
tr
.Jr^.aoq
.srsEJ
rsro<
.!t
sl NVHllt\
oNV
ltAls
9N:lld/s
Ennon
rH
Vrns
TtNsr
Thc
undc
* n.'lr-l

oto.oph).oI
our
currenr
juven,je
I
-",".,,:':::''8'
;
;;;b';;:'i"i'"ii-'"*""
*"""
-''
"",,-":":::::::.Y:"'""-;;,;;;';Tl';;.:.'1o,*
-oJ"not
"'""'o
o"'cplaccd
with
"i''
tb"
" "
.",,,,o,u:"y,:::.'
o-"
: :,
"";;;;;,r;'"""8:;,it
:h'r$
Ense
in
a
-
d, n
e u,
s.,.

s1 r,
n
- "Z
" ;
" ;;
;;'
:','
;:
":i"
rl,
;,
:::"y,
:;)
nnon
rru
Usrruc
rHr
Sue.JuNcnw
Moon
Th.
subJunchu
/acr
condi
on.
_'Dad
should
be
Lricd
to
.,'prc'l

r
a,,"/,
-"'"'
*"
"r,,,T:'i':'T""''
'n"to
**i'
*-;X,.i':i;:#:''^
"n"',u
*o*-,Llllii:l::"
""'"'"'
trrc No"rs
in
pa'cntlcscs
PART
4
M:rkc
surc
rhnl
rh(
clcmcn,
rmmcdr:rLcl
;:::
.'il
:l*l':::1riH
*:riiiiLjn'l;'r
;:;l*'.'"'
Iraulrv
parrrclsm
'relxti,x

ptn
ltot
o'1h
:
but
alro:

ccord,nF
ro
bchi!,oflJ
psvchotor
rurur*;ll
j):r#, i,3i
tjT:lJ:il:T;;
:L.
,,
I'r.r-Ucl
(Onc
CoD-srnctjoD)
Accordtn8
ro
bchrvio'!t
tst,chutocr
:;ffiT*:r#itrj:'*#
;.iT:j*T:H;
:t".
.",,
Pd J
(Altcrr,"r;.0"
Consu_ucrior)

;::ilTl,:.'":ff
T,.lif
i:,"g
:1,,
""r
a,
c p,,,
!,o,oF,ca,
caa
at:a
exptajn
"r,,
;;;;.";:"n#l:
Jnd,mci5L,ribrc.
D,.r
r,,re.
1:::
*1.l."_,"
n"*
" vcrb
s Jorm
indica(
:::iH:,:#:
jr'ili.;*TH
j:h***"K"t;;:.:tT,.T,
Con_fusing
Due
t-o
rhe
facr

rhar
fcwcf
mJ{ers
oI
i.i!:.n' *:: :': ::,.
:".;
;;;;l;::
i';':'"ff
T:::'i
;':Jff
,
':.;;t
": :;i,,i
;
;::i,".;";::,
;:;::.'!:.1.*
"",,".vn,
"^f,
'''
Cbn-ashg

'nstcad
of
arc")
U
cmpry
spice
Dar
(vere)
n6rh,n- , .,

il
*,,_::,ff
::.",
_;;;
;;;:,;,:ilii;:.":1iil,::17
lvnon,(
SLnL<
for
rb.
CP.t
.G\UT
T.! L,
tuhx
suoslan4
rtnLll
'uor)DnlJUncl
ro
.8urI)ds
.lrLUurl.,€
lnol
)noqr
prtrj:JUo),ijl)^o
.q
:rE
tu.Lunirr
.ro
lu)urrrnls
.qt
Jo
elrnoi

?r1
",
rr.rrr.,
,;:"r'jrt;'r U;
'uolrdo
r
ot
n:
.Jtrsrno;
or rrj.r
_sruler
risrl€uf-uou
JIno pulr
uprl
.gru),{o
yo
:sn
:o
rGrpqz:o,r:nol
qrr/d
sr3Dr.r
.,L'
rr.J:lTril'::i:l
pux
.uor-rD d.J
,ssrllpro,r
snpun
sp,o^x
*rrr ,3uDU^{
,.,,3::;";il:

'suosxar
Jo
.srlduxx,
.sxrp!
p)rcpl
loJ
rrruJruts,ru:tu:ts
lultsrsuoJ
tr .sn
'qrf,u)t
:)u.rues
rnot
,0E^
'ssaut^JsJqor
pux
ss:ue,1ls[nsrJd
JoJ
slsErqd
lcuor]tsur.Jt
p(rE
lllrllo]:rqr
asn
USf,JJDS
JO
Ii
_
)urnq qI^\
turod rno;
?)irur
ol Ar

-sursffzmbolloJ
prft
8uxls
pro^r
:auot
lDulot
rlq^!f,rlos
x urxtutrru
'8-g
s)Jld
14
s,(!ss.
rldurs
,,ii!
pusr
nol
no,{
s,'u,D
o,,",n
"'or
1,.,
f.,:l;Hiil;"j;:jlH:i::;'J:,:
sEDr
.tp
rrroyrnf,r
oJ.srlJrqr.ru
nur:1fts ii1:pn
;o.y=.f,roo
o*
r.Oo

Jo
stsn
o^\r
!r!
f,raH
.t
ur.J rro4
sru,oa
xe:1
:qr
go
iuros
^*".,
,in"l.]
l
rgr
.r/No0
oG
o0
.r/NoQ
tNo(l
o€
oc
oQ
oc
r/No0
oc
qNV
tL[rS
CNtuU^fv\

UOI
Sf,NO;?$y:?31
,l,)^
s ?brlmumq
:uru:rtrrll
,{q:raq,
."."U,
",r,
,
nr,",rr.rri'rtifi
.^xtl-p1not)
alDtauaSap
,ttErnrb
n,rcr
suotlrlf,r
lruoDru.I3rur
.n
oa
-xDos5u
.qt
Jo
.srnor
crll
fuunp
lEnd
u^\o
srr
pnq
uonu! qrE
Fn

'suoDrln8er
u^!o
srt
to
Ilr
(rururtdur,
ilrt,
o)
11,
)r)^\)
t,rtudutnt,ltut ,4
Dl
tt
J,
<)nnF
)u)lrlirroJu) puE
rr(xrrE+
l.ir
.1q
n)urI'rnqr:^o
rq
lrtn^^\
f,lu)Sv
uontr)ior,l
trrlriruuoruql
{l
sltNvHll/\t
cNV
lt^-s
gttlt

tx,lsxoeand.nt,,nl
lussrrtrld
roJ
tnoloot
.qr uo
.q
na
sJtrp!.r
3U9
:pruj'id)roJ
.g
.pro^r.,JoJ,proa
3uL{doJ
roj
lou
.rE laql
lnq :^usstr
anssl
3x5
rno,{
3ursoduro)
JoJ
srrpr
:ldts
puD
.Euolrz
.rux&o
't^qurlsqns
rllr^r
nol

rp!^ord
ot
papurlu
aJx
s,{rssa
osrql
.
'ssrnur!
!)
ul .)nDord
r'tr
7ro1lrqd
rnoql
trt]slxr.I
f[
,:urul
ft
p?qslod
sr
t.rrar s,{xssa
.rno?i
l.t
pruraJuor
aq
t,uop
oS
.^prus
ol
nol
'lot stsnob

r:r)rq
urrtp
rTeu,
o) sqnmt.)UlJ.ro
]|q r
)lrnb
DIp
l'osIV'suolllpuotr
Deur!
Dprmsft_.sse
esrqt
aso(Julo)
rou
plp
l
.
.rnssl
]l]c
tur
uo
5^p)rdsr)d
.rl5xor"
513r.!s
ou $ f,lJql
:pulur
rn dJJ),i
.puxq
Ir anssr
3qt
uo

srtrlod^\.t^
atqrssod
llrru
Jo
ruo
ll)J:rlr
s:nr^ord
lrssr
qrrj
.
.,suraoltot:qr
putu
(n
d5))i
.!
rjrd ln
rraq
<:.uod(

lql
IDru'
no,( sv
'/r^1)r€luE^\r)s-lrru.tsr^1.a,^!id)
rtr<
q)A\
Burru4l
11r1gr"*r""
il,
:T.l;'*::;iil'J:i":Hln:T,T::,:.rH,lr T':?:rl
.uuus)r

^ur
srnEruo)
S
*lH
I-_
rgfl;
tte.l
Jrtt'rmr
,1.t)
)ot sltr:tc t\u1'tral
.
s.uosrnh
silnssl
TrrS
TUI)I{{O
0Z
UO{
S
VSSE
lfIdI,[VS
g
#,rE8d
ill
1 ,,. \r^ ,r
Is
Moderation
in
A1J Things
poo.
Advicc?

Slror'ld wc
srrilc
,i)r lrodcn[ior)
in rlt rt,irrfs,
rs
ltjc
idxSc
suggcsrst
]
rcnd
to iF.c(
wirh
rhc
spcatcr
rhar
eonhwhij(
cndcxlors
somcrimcs
rcqL'rrc.
or nr tcrsr
cxlt
for. inrcnsc
focus ar rhc
eipcnsc
of modeErion.
Thc
rinu.s
of nrodcr:llioD
rr( undcniiblc.
Iiodcflr,on

in ilt
!hinrs
alords
us
rl)r rlm(
:nd
encrtn,
ro
srmpr.
morc ot
q
hJr lij( ind
Uc
worid
hrvc ro
offer.
ln conrrisr.
tack
ofmodcrrlio

tcads
ro:r tilc
our ofbalance.
As
a
socicn,
ve
a.€
slowh
cominS

ro
reatize s,hrr
mao\,aslurc psvchologisLr
and
medical pracrilioners
hale
known
aI ilong: we
afe er
ou,
besr as
humrns
onl\.
whcn
wc
srrijie I proper
brtincc
berwecn
dre nxnd,
bodt., ud
spinr
The
crll fof
r balanced
liJc is
csscnrial\,
a call
for moderalion
in all
rhrnFs

For
insL:lncc, whilc
modcrale
ex€rcisc
improves
ou, hcaldr and
seflse
ol
well-bcing,
ovcrcxcrcise
and
inrcnse
cxcrcise
can cause
jriun,
or
psvchological
bumour,
eilhcr
ofwhjch
dcfear
ou.puposc
by rcquiring us
(o
drscontinuc
exercise
,lrogcrher.
l_1ck
ofmode.adon
in dier can

cause obesjq.
ar
onc er:rreme
or anorexi:t
at tlle
other,
cirhsr of whjch
endanqcrs
one,s
hedth
-ard
cv.n
liJc. ^nd
whcn
i( comcs
ro
porcnurtlv
rddictrve
su;unces_
alcohol,
lobacco,
and
$e ti\e_ihe
dclcicrious
cIfecls
of overconsumprion
rc
crear coough.
The virtues
of modcririon

app\,ro wo.k
as we
. Srrcss associarcd vidr
, hiSh'pressurc job
rncrcrses
onc,s \.ulncnbiliq.
ro hcafl .liscasc
and
orhc,
'
physical
disordcrs.
Ard
ovcrwork
can
rcsutr
j,
psvcholoSicat
bumout,
thcrcbt'
icopa.dizing
one's
job
and
carccr.
Overwork
crn cvcn
k_ill, as
dcmonsFared
bv rhc atarningly

hjg]r dcarh
i'lte
among
vounsJapancsc
mcn.
ftrfll'
of
whom
work
100
of more
hours
crcn wccx
-
Havjr8
acloovledged
lhe wisdom
of rh€
old adare, I
nevenbcjess
a8r€c thar
undcr
some
(
rrcumsLrnces.
,nd lor
some people,
abandonbg
modcmuon
mjAhr

bc
well
jusriled.
Conside!
hov mrnv
of rhc
wortd.s
tlrcll
2ni:rtic
crcxtions-in
rhe visuxt
arts,
music, and
cvcn
tircr?rurc_would
havc
comc ro
frurlion wrrhour
irr.nsc,
focuscd
effon5
on rhe pan
of l}lcir
crdtors.
Crcarive
work
ncccssadly
involves
a
iirge measurc

of
inrensc
focus-a
srntlc-mirded.
ob<essrvc
pursuir
of
.csrhcric pcrfecrron.
Or, considcr
aLhlcdc performrncc.
Admj!t€d].t,,
inrcnsiq,-c.:n
bc Coun.
terproducrivc
phen
i! rcsulls
in
bumour
or injuJl
ycr
vho
could disi8rcc
lhar a
gc"r
aLh.lclic
perfornurcc
neccssffily.€quir€s
Fear
focus and
intcffitr,_

bolh in plcplarion
ud
in rtlc pc.formalcc
j(setl?
in shoft, whcn
ir comcs ro
atl cLics,
modc'](ion
brecds
mccliocriry,
wllile
inrcnsirv
brecds
cxccllcncc
and vicrori.
Fin l\,,
considc.
rhe
incrcasirgty
compcltrivc
wortd
ofbusiness.
An inrensc,
tocused
complnv-wjdc
effon
is somclimcs
nceded
to cnsrrc 2
compiny

s
compcolrvcness
and
cvcn sun,ivij.
This
is
p;rrricut.fty
t !c
in
todrv s rechnologv{.jvcn
industr.jcs
vhcre
keepinS
up wir}l
(he
Fanric pacc
of chrn8e
is
esscnri.l for
atmost
anv
hj8h-rech
firm
s sulaiv:rl
Pet^an
s
,
\r/n'''g
SkttLt.lo/
tbc

dR
r:/GIUT
TcsB
urou.2.ta6oiat.com
E
uo|suoeatd4
.rlnt,,
:t!4
J.tttrlJd
aqt
.|)/ s
tt| niut,//^
|
s,uosrntd
E
'sr))lold
t:)d ^rrJ x
ol uortUinr
pur:
)ujrr
rr)Lt)
t(, t(()l!
iiu,i,,^rp
^q
LUop:)rl
rrrqt
urL')<u(,)
o) )soort:,;
rn(n <trnpr^,FU,
sr,q)tri^\

Itlr
u:^.
r:1 ,{llss:)itl
)rr!rou{)ii
to
,ilr8rtl
ur()q
.r.
s)un!tsuo:r
q(,1
I'trrtlrtitJl:<
rno
;tp)llIL'py
)ur')
rrrrt' rsrr
,i:Lt:
Aortro
sur.l:r
u, ;Ir,r)(l(!
ptn:
$ruro)sn) pur
stu.r|
q]l^i
slu5ur.rrSr
r!:)til
lo
sull:l
14
s)^l.slrJ.ul
ur:rlsuoJ

ol
sr
";uouo)nE-
rr)rlt
)^rf,srrd
or
fta
,,(Jllo
,q,
,.q, ur,,.1
ipjrrnb
Aunras
qot
or
1u)ur;oldurf,,Jlrs
r rrcl
orl^r .ldo)cl
u:^3
.uro{
!uro)
Il^r
l)trj)lld
Dieu
Jno
aj?qa
iuraou{
tou
Jo "urop)a4.
,ql
ot ,ooJur

,,ip[Jrs
Jo
&unr)s
r$
Auur)Jrrd-sdrllsuoDrlrj
llaur.ioldrr,
l^rsnllxr
olln r:tuJ
lp:8ra
m
Jo
tsol,{
-trasDuoJ
!B!!uruj
o)r4 lJ:uJ
llurtunlo^
5a'nJnpi
s[
uaqr
,(prr]s
03" or
ffr€r
a,d,sul5t
Jno
Suunp
:sdnlsuoltEllr
l:nnuoq.rrrd
r^tmlrx)
ojlr_r
JrtuJ

ll:g{
)^!
,sr^rl
llnpt Jno
olut
.)nuouor
.Jrorj)
Jo
l!op;r-!
u^!o rno
SuIr.lTrrsUoJ
roj
,rurrej
drno
.rrrop.r-g
rxqr .nlasrd
pul
lrrroJd
o) arrsjp
.rno tuo{
'IJats
rrrotltJo
ulop:r{
Jno
S(mrn:nsuo)
loJ
lJurlaJ:ld
no
mrdl.glrrllo
Jo

ftrroqJ
lo
uroprrlJ
sqr
3ulJllsJJ
a-!_sJeuosud
Burru
lo{u3
gJrlFq
.sltqro
uo
dn fuErrq
Jo
uoqs
pov
.slJr^.rd
lnxnsn
,(Jlnq puno:8,{rld
:rll
,:olrqeq
roJ
s.Iru
^u!
rnorltra
rx$ 538,{lJ!.3
ur
rE
srE3l
ueJplllt:)
_p!^lo^r4

sl .urz8
ro
)rods
!
rou ro r)qr.qa-:rnpuotr
roj
salru
uodn_psrr3i:
,(Il!runu, qsllqlrs:
Itqt:glnur
lqd
tx sr.tstuno,{
lo
dnorS
x
,uorsldrdns
rlnp! ,{ui
rnoqrb
ur^!
'punojS{lld
pooqroqg8l.u
3ql
irDrlt
FqunJ
ou )ioot pr)u
auo
.:f,rorl)
lo
r!op:){
u^{o

rno flurrrlltsuoJ
ro.;
ecu:ra.;e:d
Jno
errrf,rrddn
oJ
,{qJ'"ux
Jo
)r.:rs
r or",
trn^ro^ap
,
"."Jr"lT,llli""'Ji;:a;r:;
rartord
or pap)ru
f,r! rlopar{
uosltllllsuoJ
f,lqluosrsI
,oN
ila^aosrrq^\
.
srr,a]1Jlsuo)
lux
ot
jlroqJ
Jo
uropes{
stnlosqr
r:lrrd plno^
aldo.d

ltql ulltr
slqt
s)op
rn8
.s3trlrq
uErilTrq
s[
aJe?u
J.lu:ulrpunj
mo urolJ
Smds
ot sEras
ulopra{
loj
rnsop
!-lll
rJloqtr
Jo
uropra4
uo
s]tnrjtsuo:l
trlqruosrrnm
:sgrcSr dn
tsu
,,(pteurpp
rJdoa,l
.lIrJ
ltqlgD^u_.sreld
ra
sr 03 pun

:uro)
or
pux
Jtrrlrq
pun
uorurdo
Jo
.uotsslrdx?
Jo-sutop)rrj
i-cnptarpur
crslq
nrnb
or sldu.rrr:"qr
,n
sturoll
l.rorsgy
'.replo
prr!
urop9flJ
u)c^Ltf,q
J:)rJEJlq
! c!|uts
rsnr!
lr r^lrll
ot
Atrr)os
rDxrror!f,p
lux
roJ rtrpro
u,r

!srr!)rq
'os
r^.naq
I
ilurrlJ
trJirul
I.qr
rrq^\
Jq
ssrJpref,::'ciroqo
7e
iuop.5lJ
rrnlosqy
uo
grnEllsuor
.r.J.rd
aldoad
oC
.uropaar:l
uo
srlr.crrsqo)
"t
*Ot]:;:;;
.l
I
I
tur^clur!
Jo
rsarrlu!
'r

.,,
,rrss.)ru
.r-,rru,".
;f".:[H::;J;
rDljo
sr
uonuJporu
SuFuadsns
ro
SlruopLrtqc
lEql
J))ju)Ll,:qt
qtLA
JJjfE
I
'ssaulsnq
poE
sJ!1alq1t:
s! r.Jf,ns
sf,:rx ur
ssf,Jlns,^DDlduotr
ot
prft
rurur
-qsJldrroJJE
a
DlaJl
o) srutoJ
tr ueq^r
,ssel.qur^rL{

.s)trrllsulnJJt)
tsoru
r.pun
?ldof,d
rsow roJ
er!^p! punos
ol stunourr:
.8rpr: pto .r|
.LUns
ut
slnssr
lu9 rvl:llljo
0z
aloJ
s^Vss:
itdilvs
,
PART
5
Our prcfcr(rrc!
for
,,n
l
socic.,r
,"'.
".
*-li"',:t"'"'"*.
(r."
(N1r
1rc(don)

or
clroicc
is
(.'jdc'r
.ccd
tor
scltimposcct
-it
1""1
*
cl)ildrcn
ir
r plillround
'ccoFnizc
rhr
simt
nced
"''"
"'
'"'ll
]'i1- lcrurllions:
rs
'
socicn
\\'c
rccosniz(
the
rnvcnlion
orrhc
pcoDrc

.;:.::.:ll:f"''
socictr'
otrr
sYstc,',,
or
ra\\'s
is
rn
oPenrirs
moror
*h;.r.'-
".
ttln'pt
*t
insis(
on
bcinS
bound
b!
rul€s
lor
propcm.
?nd
" "*,,.1
.]li,l"'"t
:rnd
scllins
borh
r""l
xnd

pcrson:,l
rhcse
rulcs,
*"
* ,0
,:'l'::":
slrtcnr€rrrs
about
otllcr
pcoPlc
vithour
securin,
of
our propcm.
T.':":1,T.,;:,HJ;:.""":#,:"; 1::"*,
*.
In
sum.
I
agrec
wj
reisonabrc
cons*iinrs
onr:,-lf:.tunlanrcnril
!sscnron
rhr(
pcopi€
p'ercr
socic,).,
lqc,.u,

""
*oj,jii
l'n"".u T"ll,ili,,i."j"JJij.,lf
:.f,"r.":*
prEscrve
dral
frccdom.
lssur
No.
I
6
ilf
Govear-Eeat,s
Duty
to
preserve
Culhr.al
Tradition
The
spcaj{c.,s
ctaim
l
rarsc
cilics
",,,d.
-
* ;'.:'^?iiil
:n':crord:
(1)
cnsunns

Lhe
survivd
ot
rovcrnrncnt;
<r;
,* ',-li'.
o-1.I1'lu*l
t''ditions
is '
proper
fti'ction
or
curRrar
tEditions
,o
"u-i
*ol*
is
neecled
ror
our
larsc
ci(ics
and
trH.':i,il$il;H;T""HJi.#:,,''jl,'":f#1'r':::::::;
"'.",:I#:,*r;::::iff5;-'111.'-o'u*'
o
noi
a proper
ro,c

or govcm.
csscnuar
ro
tt''c
survivat
of lrr?:t
ll*t
such
asPrrblic
hcrJrJr
aid
5
sq,atg5e
(o
cosurc
rhar
*.]'

ltjltlli
-d
ofnldons
thatSovernme"t
i,"s,
oun'
rcououslv
ro prcscrvina
-rl-ii]il*'
th€se
obieclives
shoua

nor
encni
"tl,t'
p'"t,"
.'.*-o?i i-L':-:*'""
"*"over'
sovem",,cnt cx'rlof
pos
rcsmct,off
,
prioriucs,
ano
.rl-I-'l,t"t
p*ro"
lnidequrle
resourccs
c2l.l
ror
o€ciiions
as
to
wlich
c,uo
l-ol"l"
"
"
onscronrble
ro
rercFrrc
normarivc

or
nccdv
ro
a
fcw
lc8ista,.rr,:.:lY
Tott'o's
arc
mofc
dcscrvnS,
vilulblc,
of
urrcprcsen
.,dvc
of
rho".
"l,Lo-tf
no
t'o."t
"
oou
t
cul
rufc
mjSh
I bJmissuidcd
r*"r',o
-,-t r'o, "
-i,'i"""'illlSii::'
o*'rcc

Arso
resrsrators
3';
too
slatcs
or
or lobbyisrs
wi*
*I
l',I"'t*t
"tenclas
of
d)cir
homelowns
and
sccono,y.
suusia,zinJ.:'il:,.ff:i,:::
T::.:
""."."._, -"
::itrl'#
*f
S
T
il:H
T*
;!;;;
;;i
"li
;:::"il:l
?,

J::i:
:"TAI
.'
".
o"".*," "1Ji,L
'J:,,,;:
::;n:.i:.:'*".J, :
r.nc
Sovcrn_arcnr.
Thc
Mcdic
It'tr'.
supponcd
;;;
;;.;':i^1-ry1"'rr:r
banrdns
ftmirv
or
Renaissancc
ccnrul,,
rhc
o*"n. ".", 'li1i-lro
and
R-iphacl
Du'ins
the
rqcntjcLlr
;:t**.i1":juilil:
:iiiliri"ir"Ii:.r*I1:,1
::?ili

mcaia
mogurs-incru;;,ili::T
-t'.'j^'-riom
our
ncs
tcch'oros)
ancr
i.rcs
of
Tcd
Tumcr
jrd
L:rr
C,rrcs.
ln
s.ron.
Pctcrsar's
.
\t/nu,,t
Skitl,
tar
tbe
G],,E/G,aUT
Tcst\
rh1 \ uoytt.ldlnn\r

:t:tJ,
ltlrtl:ldt
)tt1
.11)t

slttlc
irt,trat
I
s.uoeztoa
lrng .rn6
'oN
lnssl
!!
.rq
p)rtr.Il-
rrr
srs).J:rur
lluos.r:d
s uo ^rort u(,.iti:|r:l
lurpu)dlF
.^rr))lqns
sr ^\nt .rlt
Jo
ss)uJu,.l
.r|
.!oqs
ut
.pD)rdur
rrr: ,trtr:r
nrI:
rltlr.Ll
,soq^\
slu.prs)r s.uoJ8:r
.qt
Jo

sts)rrtur
grr!soddo
,q, $

.^\
sr:
sr)urolsn) pui
sar,{old!u,
.sr:u^\o
s.;ul:dr!o)
ttlt
Jo
sts?larur
:^DJrdsJr itll
trrr:
ilr)s
ty
'r:)rrDlldruor
Jo
rsoJ
rlll
r()l
ttrsurdLUo:)
ot
strnpord srr
J{,
itD(l
:qr
.sN rJU!
ro rsql:totJl:

uaop
rnlts ro
s:r,ioldLu,
Jto
/irt o)
prf,rot
)q
116!tu
^Jorrr.t.qr
lluxdu'or )rp
rol
l]rsor
rq
rq8rtU uoDr:tn5r .qr
q1r^
Buritduror
rDfl-rl)pr\
Jtlqnd
r).rord
or,iU.r!lr piL€rs.n;)I:
s^\rt rlrns !r^u;qrr)u r
otur
tlrua u!);rotf,rJ
srruJJ.
$u)nUJ:
Jrxol eqr srlqnSor
ltql
arl E.cldurr
-x:
roJ

Jfplsuo)
.s:s:jetu!
Sutt:duro:)
Buollr[
a)u[pq
r aluls
ol sr srrr.rl
Jo
uo!rJorUJrlqr
aqt
'/it.1tos
rpucoruip
t ur
.ip
r.Uv"plftq
tx !nss!
Jr8al
cqt ur
'r)jxl(
ro
tsrlrlu!
lruosj.d
s.)uo uo
spurdrp
aslx,{rrl
rJo
sslllllJ JILL
')sn!
* sart
qJns

L,3!^
tq€rur
sur.$^s
rnlxi r)qro qrra
slrnpurDtn
cl.qa
'rsnlun
sE.rlorJtr
uotuoqE lrx uruloa
Sr4aofx
saEt
^ro!^
or
pucr
sJrltrq
snor3rrf,r
rrlnrtllld
rpr^r
gfDnphrDlrl
.uollloq!
Jo
rnssr
flrsrr^orluof,
ar]t
':lduj!r:r
loJ
leprsuof
-surop:::y
puosrd
or s)uroJ

!r u)qa
crul lluf,fdsr
sr sr(LL
rua)s,G
)nl!^
lluos.rrd
s,auo
uo
spued:p
aq
,(ut
Jo
ssJUJlq rql
nse
prraronqSlu)s
E lt.Jlr sr
lsnlllm
ro
rsn{ $ a.xt
r r:rpcqa
lsqJ
'rrqojrr
En)t
Jo
st.r)ur
FrJuurq
lllxllurrod
pu!
3^lt)5Jt.Ul
lrr spu.urlotrrr

tl
.tlpuof,rs
prr.
lsnfrm ro
lsnl
rgqrp
sE,rxl
,{u! srzgoStrrrtr
,{l8uor^!
tt
.1sIJ
.srrrdsf,r
o^! rI
rxf,rlxo
ool sl
tu)ljalcts slul
'r{or^
ft! ul
.sruo
tsnlullr,{aqoqp
ot
osF lnq s^\rl
tsnl
l:qo lpo
tou 01 Anp ! sul uorred
qrre
,turrxrlus
sJ1]lt
o: Butpro))y
sAEl

lsnrun
^aqosro
ol
t7
.f,r.lqdrsl.
f,p,qn
qJrqa,srrolttpElr
l!.rnrJntr
l)upsrD
Jno uo
3rruraq ellll 5^rq
plno,4r
sJprt
ai_rcl Br,rlsrssr
.Je^oeJoR
.spur
.sr{t pJrrdot
AlssaJru atruusrss!
lusurur^o8
sl Jou
isuoltlprrt
Fjntlna
s uoDcu

It
3u:^Ds5ld ro
SuDourord
JarjtrJ
Jo
3to&nd

lqr,oJ stprJ
f,3lrl
'tnrsrssr
An91l,,(fixrrudosoFqd
touutf,
tu:u !r^o8
.s!s,{lxuE
frrrg.rq)
ul

.srrrlln)
.suorrxu
Irqto
Jo
suoDJplr
f,qr .ztptsqns
or
Jlr^\
sx
rrruJn)
trqolS
E cttrD or
Btndlaq
lllxru:r
s1
ruetourero8 r:
,sarrrr'
.fuxl
SuDsrssD,{q',{iSqpror)r':eod,u3rs
fsn:p5rrfrur

liizhuass)
arE srnrr
rurpolJ
JIr
lfU_V
'suolllpEn
JLrrUlrc
rlL.rlslp
9,uol][u .uo
qrra
cJo(UlU.c op o)
!l]ll
sEq rruFD
A!a-8lq lng Jtsnlu
pur
'rrr|lr)rlq:)JD
.rJ!
tuau.fut)cJd 9,ppoa
)qr
rsEoq
puE
',(rldsrD
.trsod.p
ra.Dq,!'.JE
s.Fp
3!q :.u,
qtlq"
roj
sr5tuor
rno

sr
5^r.s op
rettl) rno
.,{Ip3Dlupy
suoF.r
Frru
pu!
suaot
tlxurs
ur
p!:tsll
uo)&nq-s.luour:Dc pur
.sruolsrD
ls8uos
puo]llp!-J)
.sullr .ui
XloJ
srt-suoEIpErr
JEjrulnr
r)L.trqp s,uoltlu r
',{xpoJ
suoFrprJl
FJrulntr
s,uotluu
x roJ
sJrrErrDl'ls
pur
puno:8
Sqprr.rq ljsrljsd
cqt sx 5ll.s

srtr!)
cfurl
rrqt
srsf,83ns
,(pEIUn
Dlxrds rqr
,,{ptrEuodujl
rsou, sdDrlrd
p!rl:
.,{tf!ulJ
'p:)ouord
pux pauesrd
a:r
suolrrpr_rt
lr:'lrulnl
Jno Irrl)
)rnsu:
ol
:urr.rur
rou
pr)u
ru?luur.^o8
os
puD
'trpor
ll.a
prrr
r^lr sr;(iorrnuxtrqd
I l,l
s3nssr

3rJ9]vogio
0z uoj sAVssS
l.tdhJVs
PART
5
Thc
sccond
fundxnrcnlrt
probtem
\v
irlii:;.":tT"Ii*r#,l".".ff
illi:t,.#l*:ir$ffi
:H:il.'.11'";1"
.:,,::.:::.
:T*.j
l:',n ",
*""n
.'*,u.",, "u
rrcc.ridcrs
onr!
compc,
;;;;;:^
rs to
Pcrpcluatc
thc
svsrcn
-
-0",
.
**

nj.f';;.
;;;;;';;;,'"
ma'n!!in
tax
'rcs
nI
hiah
rcvcls
. l ::
"::,1,.1
^";,_.;;;-;;;;;,'i,i;i ,ll"j,l,lllli",I,xll-il
JusunlnB
a viotrrion
of
onc
son
ofta\,.
.wc
nnd
*"o*,
", "-"i,pp.iir,"ii
lonard
srncrionirg
aI
Lvpcs
of illcgal
bchavror,
llrcludinS
csrcFious
c.jminrl

conducr.
Rcruming
ro
rbe
xbonjon
exa,
srroott!
opposcd.
*.
,*.0 r.n
j.'npic
mcntionc\i
abovc.
a
nerson
iircrrr
brockinS
"t , ",
. l"-
"ri"T
Pos'rion
miShr
mrrntii''
rhrr
thc
:'::9':i'"*;" ";,;''""";:;;ili,:"T";T:"j';:",#""T:ii;
#:iiii:idH':f:t"1"H"r
i:'
".ffi
;}.;.i.fil

ji;
potcnrial
murdcr.
In
sum,
because
tle
inbcrcnr
funcrron
ot
our
laq,s
is
ro
bilancc
:,."T_:Ii
:":,
^asonabJe
pcoptc
wirh
,:ir Ir,
p.to.i,i."
*dr-Ji")-o
orsagrcc
abour
thc
faimess
of
spccinc
bws.

AccorOingty,
radtcd
action
suJb
;.l;:tr'
;:::::i1i::::::
T?#::".0
-*"ri
o1'
"".
"
;;; ;;:
I':',-*'J' ";
;.
;;
;;::ilH.ilL:,::Xl
;:',,T1'$:;"-::J"'j
ftl
writirS
s/:tk
./or
n
e
GIU/GLL4T
TesLr
lssur
No.
25
Wtrar
Should

Be
the
Focus
of
Med.ia?
Th€
speakcr
asscrrr
scnsa$onrt
evcnts,
,h.
-,
s",
nrher
rhan
mcrcly
h,ahljrhrmc
ccnain
impo*i
cv€nEs
-\r;h,,.
;-$:Ili
f:'*"TliT
::;ff
:nT,",i:
st ndpoinr.
in
thc
find
ana

upon
ro.,
i-p,o"ion|rytiJ:
j":_.I'"rTi.#.oi,1ii'1i,,i,".*r,,.,
rwo
rcssons.
Firsr,
wilho
telaocccl
accounr
of
culrcrr!
the
benefir
of
a compierc.
un
_ricrea,
ard
-
eod
jnrclrse,,r
.pi,',o'
.ull.l",T,"l
l'i5
impossible
to
dcvclop
an
ir

ormcd
nrm.,o
con*ibu,e
mc"dilI,:'J#:
"'::,:
:f
.#:lli
;:".:.ff
,
J
broad panicipationin
an
or
cou.sc-
Thc
cnct
rcsulr
o, J.*.139
oto".tt
"o"ut
such
issues
to
stcer
a
propcr
rcrcsarc
u]e
qlos!
irnpo*"'I-1',,T1'

'*''t
'nbJormcd
PeoPle
is
rhat er'e
cxccutivcs
wrro
ma,'
o.
-";
:::il:liil1idtur
or
rcsidi
tors
jurisrs,
a'd
sccond,
by
focusins
on
tbc
-sensarionat"_ul,
vi.il
*.
,,"
"o""*
ro
mcan
compamtivcly
shockinS,

cntcnainin8,
*O
,Orr*f
.r."i"
_*
casily
carch
onc,s
anenrion
rnsuncts,
Fther
dr:Ln
ro
.rr::,'-l-,1
appc:rr
to
our
cmolions
and
basc!
rnteltccr
:lnd
reason,
An),
obsenanr
pcrson
couro
un)
suou,Ia.l)InIrl
a(u

)o[
sit!tls
;;uft!!A\
^)ql
sn
JEJOSuT-S:uo
lruotl)lt
urq)
-rlEl
l';lll':l,lll,'lllll
j",lr
jl,3j:;1t-::,,r,i
;,i::r"1i,fi
::;:iil,Il
il1jiti:g::t,
:,nrilffiir"lir:r*:T
'rotLl
ror
sSurI:(
tc.rrrors,q r,<,
;t:,.rt,,,
:l::il'L::
#},'ji:r;
:ii:::i t. :::.r. :]L,
r
x:,
ru,,
tr, :,":,'l;""'jill
::1
1

"'il:
:::T"T"T
ffi
#HTJiti
:T.l
ilx':i il
Ji:
#ilj
:tXiIi[i:""Tr'.'.'#,i'#*#,Ts::r.*ii:lir*r#
,;ilJ'
;i
:"i;,#*
";'
;
;;;-';,".""".H,';1i,";.1
::n::::
6C
;ilf#.i.il"ii.,,';ll-*,ll;ff
1TT"1":-d#'l]ffi
:i:1:
e'a
tcq,*
aurpuo:d
t1:;:;i;';;;.;;"
^""
'snql
p'eMp
lllros
t,.E
x L'r

l,'u
3q,
ul
.,,q,.u.,,',ou.
l,
-fi
;'
:
jlrl*
:i:iiiT [iT
;:**
j:":,#:liiir.T
1x3" fi
.H"#jli:*T?
j#ffi
:il
;:i.:."T:i:""!i;:i"*.f
::l##;T.T*"t,ffi
3Ii;lffi
,T
o) p)Dru.u.d
Jo
Sqrn^!
.rgnt
rrp)ur
ii#;F;iT#ff
x1*#*;:I:nrrH#'.:h:,:r:
rtrne
ptnt
rft)

ruoftn:su.aa:
rwuo
:1.;l.jJfi
_J:JJ*;X,"ffi
.j.,Jr_*i"_.,Hilif
;";Ti;:
**+U"*1*
;*::
ntsin:,:f:xn
#
r
s)uroJ.q
1r
.r.c.l
Bl'|ssrd
qrlr
qrra
!
:fi
ffi
ji"j:'.:".x
;,,,,-
X'gl tlJ::f$jt,
ffi,;[
::.1".:" 1 :t: '
*
$'J
;ff
:?
J;;l"J

S
Jff
H:#;;
).r::rrflotr
s,A:Itros,
irlruLr:pun
ot
sJr'
L,,ar
pux
Jahfiq
tt
uo,iDN
aqro,
",J::
1',".',
pu!)
qql
-@r,rr
.
,_,r
r,64_uon,.ln
.,*
'"
.,;:;,;;r:"1;l;:J.".*
="
*,
slunoJJy
rerqrpJ
,s^

s)FO^t
a^neIrISsEJ
'oN
3nssl
stnsst
3u5
-lvt3lJJo
0z ccj
sArS:b_.:
fi
"fl
PART
5
rr( morc objcctivc.
IJul rhrs
docs nor msrn dlxr frcruirl :ccounts
provjdc
a
"morc
nrcaninStul picrurc
of
!hc human cxpcricncc.' To rhc conrr:lq,
on\'
im:tFinilifc
\vorks
(xn
bnnA I
ll|:Loncaj
pcnoJ
rl|fe-br

\\':'i
of cre,triv(
rools such as iml8cn and poinr
of
vics,.
And_ onll.imlgbirjve
works
c.n
providc
mcaning ro hisroricil
cvcnts-rhrouAh
thc us( of dcviccs such nr
svmbolism
rnd
nrcLilDhor.
Scveml c)iampJcs
fronr lircr:rrure
serve
(o
illusr|atc lhis
poinl.
Ts'ains
novcls
rfford
us n s.nsc
of ho!\,
ninelecnrh<cnrun
juissourj
would
hxvc

?pPearcd
through th€
cvrs of lo.velr-old
bots. Mclvilles Bilt.).Bud.l
Fiycs
thc rcadcr ccniin
insights inro \,hxt
rrirvel on rhc hiSb sc:ls mighr h:rv. bccn
likc in ca.licr ceniuries.
rhrough drc
eves of
r
crcqm2n. ^nd
ihc
cpic
pocmt
Bcotruu ^nd
Sir Gaua', and tt'c
Grccn Xnr6r/
providc
djmpscs
of rh.
rclationships
bcrwecn
wariors
and
fieir kin8s in medievai rimcs. Bare
fac6
abour thcse historical
c|as are casily

forgenable,
whereas
crcaii'rc slorics ard
ponnyals
such
rs
t}c ones menrioned
abovc c.]r be
quite
mcmoiibh
indced.
ln other
words, whar
truly Llsts
arc our imprcssions ofwhar lifc must
havc bccn Iikc in
cc(iin
places,
rr
ccrLlin Limcs, aJld under ccnain
conditions.
O,
y
imrginativc n'orks
can
provide
such lasrjng impressions.
FJnmplcs of imponant
fi-Lrs urdcrscore the
poinr

thrr crcarivc
accounts of thc human
cxpcriencc
hold mor€ lasrirg si8nificlr)cc drzn barc
ficlual
accounrs.
Consider four of our mosr
mcmorabtc
and
ir
luenlid
fd,.ns:
Citizen
Kane, Scbindler's List,
Tbe
Wizar.t
of Oz, al],d Star Wars. Did
wcl)es
fiction2l
poftnyal
oI
publish€r Wili;r.rn
R.ndolph Hcarsr or
Spiclbc.S's fictional poftra)'al
of
a
J€wish
sympathizer during rhc holocalsr
providc
I

morc
"merningful
pjcirrre
of humln c-\pcrience'
rhan a
histor_r
t€}ftbook?
Did lhese ,rccoun6
help
gire
"shxpe
and focus" ro reality
morc s0
than newsreels
alone could?
lI so,
s'ilj
rl)esc
works
hold morc
'lasunS
sjgnficancc' tha!
barc factual accounri
of rheiame
pcrsons
and cvcnts? I
thjnk anyone wbo
has s€cn these
f'lms
would

lJ)sver
aU rtucc
qucsrioil
sffirmativciy.
Or corsider
n)e
wEard
of Oz
^nd
Star
Wals. Borh films, and
thc novels
from
whjch
they vere
adapred, a.c
bure
fantasj. Yct
bor}!
tecr!
with
symbolism
and m€raphor
rcladng ro lifc's
joume_\',
rh€ bunm spiri!
ffid our hopes,
dreams, and ambidons-in
shon, the human expe.icnca
Thcrcin lics the

rclison for rheir
lridng si8niicancc.
ln sum. wilhour
plior
facrual accolrnls,
ficrional
vorks
scr in
hisroric2i
period5
losc
much of their mcanirS.
Ycr only through thc cxcrcise of anisri(
licerse can
,wc
convc]' human
.*lefience in aJ iF
djmensioDs
and rhcrcbt
tull)' undersund .nd
appr-eciarc
lJe ir orhcr limcs
lnd placcs.
And ir iJ
human
cxpcricncc,
md noi barc facc:r:d
fiFures,
rhar cndurcs
in ow mindJ

rt/rltirg
Sk
ts
|or
tlx
CItt/G\UT
T.tn
rD1!u.PeteBoB.@m
il
il
|!/
t|st',
t\o,14
ntnt.1
t
!1\tt
tv
l;i
_.pIr5np.
ilru)-
rruo)r{
m*[ril.ffi*ffi*fl,'f
:*ffi
$,r.^r#
; :lffi
ii.lrxl:retj#
.i
ifi
;
;,i;;ir",il[,"*ffi

r:fji+:,:|:,.Jjffii:.;tt
r;
i*;;i"**'*;;;;j;
;;L'iil
ff
j[.
il ;.,.Y
*;i#;"ffi
ld,{#dd;:,fr-,i,j*
if,'iir 't:""#iT.r,*,*.#*#,rr,r,".*;iiifii:
-i;
j*-*i$-#t
iffi*t,
**:_
_x
l#-]#-:fr
#,dllii;5:i:."-+:.ru?il;
runrg6**nr$turi*#.xm
'j:,.i;;;1'ji1i",#tr$,=,,1ffi".i",'#
*{rilft+j***fr+*iil#*lffitrd
,
-
i"o""'"oi
ffi*'j'iJTl'iil:3i*"oou
sr
rur*d.
slnss,
:uo
-rvllrr,o
oa.roJ

sAvssr
irdrJvstt
'oN
lnssl
ffl
ill
lssur
No.
47
Pragmatism
vs.
Idca[sm
I ltrc( \'irh
ll)!
spc;rticr insotirr
:rs r p
clic:rt. prrgmalic
:rfp()xcl,
rosifd
our cndqrvors
cin hch
Us sn^,n,c in
lhr shon rerm.
Howcvcr.
jdcalism js
jusr
xs
ctucixl-ir nor
mok
so-for long-rcmr

succcss in an).
cndcrvor. s4rclhcr
al b( in rcad(mics.
busjncss. or politicat
and socirl
rcfornr.
\r,.lrcn
ir
co')cs ro icadcmics.
srudcors s,bo wc
would
consictc,
pr:8m;rrc
reno nor ro purs
c in
educ.rjon
for irs
own sakc. Insread,
dlcl.
reno Lo
cui
sr:rrever
comsrs
rrc
ocedcd ro
oprimize their
gmde
avcngc
and
survjve rhc cuffcnt

rctdcmic
re.m.
llur is dris xpproacit
rhc
onl),wal.ro
succecd
academiclllv?
Ccnrinla
not.
Srudcn$
who
cxmcsrl), pu6uc
irtcllccrusl padrs
rhar
lrul,v interesr
rhcm lle
morc lilel). ro
come asat, with
a mmnjngful
ind l:lsrin8
cducation.
to fact, x
6cnsc of mission
abou(
onc's
arca
of f:rscinalion
is srron8
modvlrion
to

paniciprrc
acrivc\,
in ctass a.f)d ro
stud)
cl'nestly, bodr
of
which
conldburc
to bcEcr
gndcs
h rhat arca.
Thu!
alhough thc
idcalisr-srudcn(
migbr
sncrilice a
high ov€rj.lt
Erade
2v€mgc,
rhc
depth
of knowlcdgc, :rsdemic
disciplinc, and
scnse
of
purposc
t})c
srudcnr
gaios
will

sc|c lhnl studenl wctl
laler
in lifc.
ln considcring
rhc
busircss
world,
ir mighr
bc morc rcmprin8
ro agrc?
wirh
rhc spexkei
aftcr all.
isn't
busincss tundamcn6ly
abour
p."gmatism_
rhi(
is,
'ActLing
rhe
job
dooe" aod pxyinA
i(cnrion
to dre
,.borrom
lirc')
Emphxricill), no.
d.nrr€dll,
rc

cvcryday
mrcllnations
ofbusircss arc ven
much !bou(
meeling
mud-ne
shofl.r€.m
!o3ls:
deadlrcs
for
producLion
srcs
quot-rs,
profir
margins,
and
so fonlr.
yer
underpinnirg
thesc activicies
is
thc
vision
of thc compiov
s
chicf executivc-a vis'on
r.bxr mighr
cxrcnd flr
bcvond mcrc
proli!

maximizarion
to the
wnys
in
which
thc frrm
ca.rl ma-ke I
lasring
zrd
mcillingful
conuiburion
ro rhc
corrrrnuniF. ro rhc
broado
cconom),
and ro
ahc socicn
is a wbole. Withou!
a
drc'fo o,
vision-thar
jj,
witbout
suong idcrlis!
lcade.shjp-r.
flfm can easil),
bc casr abour in tic
sc:
of
commcrce widtour

clear dircanon,
threareninA
not
onlv
thc
firm's
botrorD
tnc but also
i- veD
surviv3l.
Finalt,
when
it comes
rc rhe poliricat
arcnx, a8ain
ar
6fit blush, ir
might appear
that pragmarism
is rhe
besr,
Lf not the onh,
vzl'
ro
succecd
lilost
politicjans
secm
drjvcn
b] rircir

inrercst in bcinS
elecred 2nd
rcclcc.cd-thrt
is,
in surwivinS-nrhcr
thal] by ary scnse
of mission
or cvc!
obljtllion ro$cir
conslirucncy
or cQUrD,.
Drplomeric and
lep.l nuncuvcr
ano nc8ourtrons
ohcn appear
inrended ro
mc€r rie?mc{icjl
nceds
of
partic5
involvcd-minimi?iri8
cosLs, pr€scrving
oprions, ind
so foft.h.
Bu!
is
jdcalisr-s-nor
pmgmarisrs-who
sway rh€ nusscs, inci!c
revolulions,

make poli(ical
idcologr'rej!ry.
Considcr idcalisE such as
Ancrica,s foundcn
Ilahilma
Gandhi, and
Manir
Lurhcr KL:rg. Had ihcsc
idealisrs concc
thcmsclvcs with
shon.r€mr survird
and irnmediare
nccds mrhcr thrn
M
their notions
of xo
ideal socierj,
thc
Unired
Stalcs
lnd lndia might
sn
anuulrarcBoB onl
E
GRE/GNUT T
ttk)1
rIoe.1tad11t,1,t ''SAJ
JYAI
n,

tot sltt:ts
;,uttu,1t
t
s.ui
inE.\
,tr!t
tr]
s'
)ro].r.qr
pur
;rp qrl'
.url
rnr)
to
q)nul
os
/idnrJo
Irx,
(rrorl:1
tuxpunut
rqt
rqt
u)^:
srur^al:l.r
,,,,,,
,,,,,
,u,ur,,j
,"uin,,,.
r.:qt
r,(r)r:i)t,r

s.riIr)(1.
.)rl)
urort
/itduJr
o) Hlrjl(lr!ir
.)(t
,,fr,,
,;.;;,,,;;
pur
:rrtn)
r!!qr )olF plnoqs
i.r,
-tlt"Q
'"I'o'_;"n
r
uo
srtqlo
ql!^\
licr'lur
rut!ur)r:! ur) sru.pnl.
."ro'
nu'
^'oq
s'
ll:^\
!r: qrrd
'rl
rrluaqrnli
rr:tll
n!,,:

s:n,i^,^,_,u.r
"",,
n",_ff':I"i.,;:j
::
?:::
.Jll::,1
::j.::,,
lr!n)lnr
Jo
ssrurrr^t'
pau:rq8!:q
v,
s>rruln:
:*a
1rr1_.0,
o*,,_",*"li]ji
rql::cgr::ddc pur
pur:s:;pun
sn
'^1fl
:rr J)pun
s)rr,1u
lrnbr
o*
,.:.1'^::-to
*'oo)qq
uta
nq
Sulpn)s
.qr.:ds

i,r.,",,n ,
q.ni
;I::i"[ffi:';'"iil#r"TJfiff:
rrorD x SqrdopE
lq
uossel
slrn
ilddc.{rDr
ra
,Arlros
! sr./(JrrU)doH
s0e6r f,.n
suunp
.s.n
;qr
'r
r:lu.rr^)dx3
.,.F,q,qo;; ;
;;
;:;;,
rildE
sr
.rrEJ
xlqEp'^u
Arr'rorx
f,rslsJf)t
or
,ra_r'ry
i1r,.],
il.loi; ;.

's.uo
J!.'onr
,{lrzFDrutd
.srnsgr
f!!:
'n
m
rr,xrl
"",
.tuorsl,l
;Tf."l":":]ililf
::fi""rt]:*.:
pro^x
or aoq
,tr'os
r
sx
sn
qrx'
rntr
lsrd
.,r,
Jo
.;,1orr*
.;;;;oo;-*"-"
::^,:l iT:nl:o
rq
rq
nrsrLU
ss.r,,snq

r*,
.,,,^.,,r^,rT";,l]I:jH
^rp^rJ^,
'p
rrEno't)
r33
sn
dtrq
J
rsrd
rqr
Jo
"r:"",;;;:,"";",;
rnoqr
Surtj[rl
.uoqs
uI
.ej!f
q
sn
)pr^ord
u"'
-^r1s:a,rpr
.yo
,r",
t^:'-":tt^o
"^o
43rr'l
rJq
ot

uollt^por'.
:,,,;p" , ,,.,".
ro-*;,#
;Ll"irr:il:'i:.:i.fffi,
T#::.;
f
uolrq
fr*
looqrs
ur_r1l
,(spA5n,
,,rurp*,
,",,",rrf;#;;;j
_;
'
ur
.uf,:)
uorsDep
sJr{l
.Xtuouojts!
l. :".Td
o,,r"o,
"
*,0, p-oq",i"
:l1ffi
1T]J';:Hliil"iiiJ,]
p^ur
a3'noJ
rql
,,(q p.rrds*

tuJprus
!
ldu,rxr
r",
;";.;;;;:;
)srd
rqr
Jo
sluerrr!^olqrr
wurnq
lxar8
rnoqr
Bgnr:r:1
.,!i^
*s.q
"; "
.sa^I
mo :^Jl
or
,jorl
.pr)ap
sn
dlcq qrru^ljo
ff?_rnnrisr:d
pur
uonErrJrDlc.;nrE^
rrqrsn
pur:
.Burar
roJ

sr".*,
.iq_r*"_"
;"",r',.J_
sspr^ord
ftorslq
Burlprus
,l4]lr
'"no
or
f,),'E
rJrr
nr
r!*
o*.^or*'.o^'-
lT
o-f p:rllrrll
st
str^n
lrpl,o^'
,tt"-^
u
_*.,*0.
]o"o_r"u-""'^"o"
ttt""!.llo
lou
sl
aorslr{
llql
ns!33ns
sr

r! '" rryo'.n
.{ruo
,rq";""
;,;;;;[
;TjJ#,il1;j,ffi.il.:,#^I"
asr,rrl
lrfruO
JnO
ot
rlre^rJay
&orql{
sI
gP
.oN
lnssl
'uorsr^
!
'r,orssr(U
Jo
f,su.s
x
rnolF!,1
u!trr
suol
'qr
roJ
urr:rP
t
ro
-

;:l :_'*-","i.*
.*^
Gti,'l:;:H:i:il
#ili
T.i'#Ji
iuT
Ir
ssllrns
ulJr)-Buot
ol
(l')rd
l
.
.,,o
r-a.,i
-r,,.,r":;;
I
; :;",.
:,"jil
;;:1",:,:il.1"il
;
t,
- -
.rt
"q.q"
o,
p)r"":'r
rq
fips
]r6!u,,

s'rrsruJy
r*.u'
n*
,r.,"1t]i"O,ji
tl
slnss
tu9
tvt3ulo
oz
uoj
SAVSS;3tdl{vs
Itl
PART
5
Ho\\'recr.
lionr
hi\r(,n.
i.
$(
l(rrn
n,,r
rn
r:rt.,
cu.n1 ,\
r(||!jlr(:
x
(l
jj,"illl.
ri'
u,,,,cr\r

,i,(,,nF
,l',
,, ";_
,:,;,
j,1;Ji.
:,
'
;
rnndo,
nr
rn
.,,,.^:;:;
;;;i
;:,,:;,,:
l;i."::';1,i"i,"'l:.::
-::.:11
rn
entithrcncd
:]n(ricnc,
6r
i !,sir
ro
rr)c
sfoccn.sro!(
,,,r,)
rn
r)on)r.e
,ll,il Il;,'lllll-ll :"gnceri
rno';;;.;.;;:,,;.
.;:il:T"llijii.l"'

rn
l)ontagc
ro
d)c
mrnr
ilj.ill.i
.::":y:(
porsib
c
(,di''
;.:'.;;
;
;i;,,#,.'JlJ,il:
frccdonr
ro
So
rbour
orrr
0.,"
,_."',
"'
unucrsriodurc
o,,. n^r,r, ,, _.,
ir[ci]
:rs \.(
choosc
ont].
b)
:".:::y:: ::: Ti'ci'
"cn'

lF(,"
", :;;",
;:',;;'
;:;:l:
.il
1."::
lo
cl(varc
our
evcnoif
cl)orcs
," """,
- r"'_
"!irrF
IIi'u'\
can
scn.
en,nr.hr. ""^-: ^,._
,,L,,(r.
nror(
inrcresrjnE.
rod
n)oft
enJol?bte
expericnccs.
]:"::,:^,j.^:l:l*l
frirs
ro
,ccornizc
rhJr

m
x

ourucrivi,ics
and
Jccrs,ons-lrom
our
Frana*,
,o
.* -"i, .
'
acllvltrcs
and
Fuidc. anJ n,,h, l^ ,, '.
-,"_
'rrur'
rote-l)'sLon
c:rt
i'sp.rc,
infortr,
lillJi'"
HT::-'l.rbc
nnr"harvs's,"
''ii "l-,
"'i'"''
*'*
:,
j;:.
::,i.,norc
hum,"_r',d,

;",,u
-0.
;;;
u;;;,:.,.,.,"J,rT":
lssue
No.
55
Techlology
laileg
to
Hetp
Humanity
progrcss?
Hrve
tcchnological
irno"",io".
"r,i" ,,".
j
-"_^. r^. ,,^-^._ _ ,"
",
",.
,/\r
cenrury
friled
ro
bDng
abour
ffjj:T:j:::::a:
_
* ,, ""i ",""*iffi-;;

i:;:.:T:i
::13'l:fl':Iii. llmalcl'
prcvcnr
;
;;
;;;;""""
';,3T
11
*l.trll,t:1":. ::.ount
fo.
rhe
.,.,,r"".,,.o"".,,",i.
;;:.::;l
H:
il:1TT::::*.'::,'o'r,u""*oru,;on"
;"';il'";';':',::i'",i:
l
e-ar
tcasr
in
rhe
dcvetoped
wortd
Has
.,.'
f
J:"#.*1.,.:Jr:[#r**iti.;H:::T:3:,::r:"111
l'*.#HF
*:::-Tff
:

".x-'::'iJ!"*:':l-"-'
":ffi::':"l:
::ffi?::,:'*il*
ffi
;Jii::ij$l.rlliTl
:-:ff
"li,."T
,
ilil*','Ji;ITIiXiy:L:
:;:::l,T::il
::
ill]:ffi:
Il;
€nrbtes
compurers
ro
map
f:nh,s
Seorr
m
::.*".f
r_llf; *#;
*#::JT'J,ff
t.}j:i.":;;
hlr,naniry,srhebencnci,"r*:;;;;;T:.fl
,"Jt:.1.].l.i:,'l,"T"I1]
ff:ff.#,::i-
,cch,orosy_rr.omprosrh*o
_o
.o_

,,?",0*o
i
"*JT
J:.1'":
*:','n'::i::
"::?:1"
*
hc,pins,o
reducc
hum'n
$i#"!:nr**r.;#r##i:.:r,nl*:#i;
pcoplc
fturdcrcct
and
mx,mcd
hv
xromrc
bl:rsls.
t4ore
rcccnrt\,.
!hc
Petc4on
s
t
\i!/ritihl
Sk ts
lot tbc
cxrtcttir
rest
)ttr.1111

s1tt.1\
r
t)uat
,
s.uo,
tr,,
)
trr'e)t.1t
.r.u.,:
u9r
f,ir!ru:rtrs
rnO i)rD:t^\()ur1
rqtrurrrs rn()
ut s{.rfior(t
,^\
^rou
.trrdrurxe
r',1
r)pr<uo)
tr.\rt
t,:rrr.t^r
r u(,
srrt,J(rr
u(l :)l.r.,uu(l
r!ur<
srrlt
rrrnorqr
,ir.('
sn s'n\
r*lr

qrud
r,)rxtr
*p
puLr
sn
,.1
ilffllil'oHl:i
)rI
ur
sr^l)srn('
Ji^o)(rp
ostx
,^\
]nq
.qtr^\
:lqDlxlu()r
l(nr a.lr
pur:
Jrr:
r^\
()tt^\
r)^orslp.^!
op,ituo iou
sdlllsuortrtrr
n:lrt.J
tt inorrll
ru)Jr.lop!
J()
lirrxd
pux

urd
rrr
tEqr srf,tunoru:
lt]r]os
pllj^!,1^rl]
to
stros
)ql
Jo
/il'n\
;q
;tuo
rno
r;^oJsrp
.^ sru?rsf,topr
sy
.m!3r
pu,
urrin
u^!op
.Su,llq
,iq
llu^
or
^rort
urrrt
r^\'srnqut
s\ pooqrlnpE
r{Snorqt
poc,qptlllr,itlu:

LUolt sur:urnrl

r-u:u:dx.
lrn,Uaar rno q)r^r
sprorrc
uo.ru:ruo)
)rtt
.qr,^
urli:q
ot
.Jo^x:pu)
uEurnq
Jo
su{llr
II!
ui
,sslrSord
rtut
Dul: fu^oJslD
;cj
uolEphot
Ar^
rqr
sJp!^ord
:o::>pur 1r:9:
,t.nrl
t"rr,-a
" ,o
,"q,
m.@o_trr

^ro)stq
.ltpuo)9s
.raru)g.dx:
l[uosrrd
rno
A,^.pJo"rr
r, ,_3
suorrjr
oal
roJ
.uo!lu.tuo)
sfr.ll
qrJA
!rr8i:
ltiuo:rs
t
.s:rytsnu
qfno:rp
;tuo.pEaj
r!
ss)rgojd pu!
A.^o)s!p
rEqr
spuetuoJ
lr4rads
cql
2ssa:3o.r4
puu
Lra,rorslg
roy

&cssarap
sJ{ErsTW
aJv
gg
.oN
rnssl
.,,b!r.'!Lunq
roJ
ss3riord
rx.lr
rnoqE
rqSnorq peepul
o^Dq
suorrB^ouut
lc)JSololrqrrl
luaJlr-la^fl
loJuroJ pux
8rrh.rJ
Jo
prpurts
Jtu
ouof,a
Jo
su.urt
rrl-,{J,dolJ!u
Jrot!
"ss!3ojd" cuurp
5116.
tr
."rna^oH

']rrdr.aj
slql
rI
Dr.r.roJ
sl
luaur)lrls
aqt
.snql
.latp
rr[c
Surraorr,S,re
rpaua6lo
uoqs
uoltx^otrl,r
fDr€olourl):t
ou
rl)rurtd
.ernlru
uxurnri
uro{
5rruds
;larDu4lln
sJutrlor^
pnn
.,,bla^od
.rDA
sx
q)ns
srxelqord
gullnpua .r]lns

uI
rrrur)suor
qroq
puE
:le^oi
,orurof,
o*
,.,"n
,"'illi,fil]ljt:'^'##
.i!rl
suo'rnlo^f,r
rrtndtuor
prrl:
llgrsnputrlapouj
aqt q)oq
.srurlrq
uo
ssrl)riru.^.N
.sravoaoJ
pur
,,r.rJrmu:ulo)
,ll,urrj
ruolJ,l"^i
uonurrri
pux
Junl
lno
sJlrjs pux
ploFJ^O
UoDlurloj:ul

spa)lq
l5uDI'
5rjl puy
.Iro^t
rreqt
rlloiJ
sDlroa
ourl-llqurassE
Jo
uoDlurltu
}qr
q
,.q,orrV
.qrt".q
,ttqna
or
tr9Jrrt
stl
pux
uo.rrnJlod
lnucruuo.4au: s1
iguSojd
1ru:snpu;o rrnpo:dlq
,*_"u_.:o
'slsor
rnoqrla
euo:r-
rou suq
s.::sora
q:oq ,nor

f
.
-
or ssrJ)r
lEs!^run
:p!r!
r^!q
puD
:sarJrua^
prJ=r",o,,iloijir""l']'"L'-r#
:^.:
jT
"{"
Jo
uirc)p
rq1
r'
p)pm
e^ELt
:slsEr
!^trDrdrr
SLTulo}rd
^q
rlrn)
Jno
dn
s:{ prdlsq
!^rq
srrrndlllor
.ttrurr:.r

rol4
.srru)ru.^uo)
_ 11:^.*
a
Erorrrld
r prnddns
p(f
.qr^o.€
r.LUouor)
nr)!lnunj<
'sqol
ssJDlmor
prrrJrr
SrruruJEmt'!ur
:un_llqLu)ssr
pur
uonrnnold
Isrl<
J.
)u:^p!
f,q.L
suoptu podolr^:p
Jo ta^.t
]lojruor pu!
3ur^n
Jo
prlpuEr(
tTIlr^o
,qr pr:)tr[qu)
slq uoox^oum

Fa€olour.ltrer AruusJ,rltsltur^!
.))u)lor^
pw
',or9^od
.Jra
8Llrur^:rd
ln
suol]Erru'Jl
s.lSolorrqJJt
,qpuEtgqle:oN
-ilruE(Unq
loJ
srssol
1au ot
lrmouJr
r'!r
LrsluJrqro,q
ul
,sf,rur^pr"
pJl,El_os
Itrlr
rno
srurod
r))qfnlts
urrunrt
roj
suodura
lrJrusqr to
*.
t_*.jtr",

tl
slnssr
SaJ9 tvt:)ljio
oz uoJ
s^vsst
ltdnvs
PARI
5
mcthod is
css€ntiallr a
clll for progrcss
rh.ouph
rrial and error.
Anv ncs,
rhcon
musr be tcsrrcl
br empirjcal
obscn'lrion rnd
musl
$,ithsran.l
rigorous
scicnrific
scrurin\'. Mo.eovcr.
lhe hisro4'of thcor€rical
scicncc is
csscntiallt.
x
hislon of rriil
nnd
c.r.)r.

Onc
modcm
c)ilmplc inlotvcs
nvo conrrirl,
tbcorics
of
ph\,sics:
w:r\'(
theon,xnd qurnrum
rhcon.
DurinF thc trsr
quancr<enrun.
scicoiisrs har.e
been srnrgglirg
ro disprovc
onc or thc
othcr-o. ro
reconcilc rhcm.

s ir
rums our, ? nrw sc!<i
ed
'sking,
rhco4
shows $!r
rhc
quanrum
aod vavc
thcorjcs arc mjsrilics
in rhc sensc rlrir

cech onc is
ioxdcquarc ro
explain
thc bchrlior
of
,rlt marrcr; ycr
both
so-c"lled
'misl.ikcs'
werc
nccessan
for
phvsics
ro aduncc,
or
proSrcss,
ro
this ncwcr thco.J.
Thc
vrluc
of rrirl ano
error is no(
lim'rcd ro r}|c scrences.
Ln
Bovcrnmcrr
ard
politics,
progress
usually
.

comcs ?bou!
through disscnsioD and
chrllcnSe-ih2r
is, when pcoplc point
our tlc
misukcs of rhosc in
powcr.
ln
fact, wit.t)our
our
chalenging
rhe mis!"kcn norio.s
of eslablished
instimdoni, polirjcai
oppression and
ryranny
would go
uncheckcd.
SimjlarlL
jnlhcicldsof
ciLjland
crimira l;._
;,rris6
and
lcgislr::-tn
-1)rh.
.
rjr:'
dcfend lcgal
precedcnr

musr
trcc ;,ninu;:;
oppo.ii i:- :r i-!to:
-
Ni:
question
thc
faimcss
and relevmcc
of currcnr laws. This
ongoing chillcngc
is criricrl
to thc viulity
2nd
.clcnnce
of out sysr€m of laws.
ln
sum, thc spcakcr
coEccdy
asscns lhar
ir
is through
misukcs rh.r
discovcD
and
truc
progrcss
are made.
hd€cd, our
persona,l groEi.h

?5
individunls,
as wcll
ar advances
in sciencc, govcmmcnq
and lair,, dcpcnds
on
m.aking
mistalies.
Must we
choosc bcwcen
Frdirion
and modemizarion, a5 rhc
spcakcr
conlends?
l
agr€e
that in
c€ftain
cajes, tlc lwo are fnurually
cxclusivc Iot
thc most pafi,
ho\rcvcr,
modcmiadon
does
ror rcjecr Fedidon; in
fac!
j,
man! cascs,
lhc formcr can

and docs
cmb.acc r}lc laner.
ln t}le
frsr
place,
ollentjmcs,
socallcd
"modemiarion"
is acrualll'
ail
orlcnsron
or new ircra.ion
of rradilion
or
a v:riidon
on iL This is cspccialti
truc in
langraSe
and ; law.
The modcm
EnSlish tajlguage,
r,,r spirc of
i6
g]:ny
words
thn
are unique
tomodcm \y€s!€m
culnu€, is derivcd
from,

,nd
builds
upon,
a uricty
of
lingurstis
r.adons-and u.lrimarcly
Irom
th.
incicnt
Grackand l-alir
laIlguaScs. Wcre
wc
io insisr on rcjccting ladirion:l
iJt
favo!,of pucl)'
modcrn llngugc,
wc would
hevc csscotiatly norhing
r0
sey. Pcrhaps
afl cvcn molc
sll.ikin8 mal.rj2gc
of modcmianon and rt?dtlion
B our ststcm
of laws
jn
thc U.S., wruch
is dcepjv rootcd
in Engtlh

,
common'Iaw
principles
of cquiry
and
jusricc.
Our sysrcm rcquircs tha! ncs,
.so-callcd
'modem"
laEs
be consisrcnr wi*r. rnd
in facr buitd uoon. t'I1oil
,-E|
t |
::1T:111.".
u *.""
riadition
aad
Modernizatio.?
wtlting
Sk
ls
Iot
th
GRE/GMJIT
T''I'
utu.Pcte6o6.com