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Nguyễn Văn Đô - ĐHĐL
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Ch"¬ng 25
M¸y ph¸t ®iÖn ®ång bé lµm viÖc song song

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25-2. GhÐp mét m¸y ph¸t ®iÖn ®ång bé
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H×nh 25-1. S¬ ®å hoµ ®ång bé m¸y ph¸t ®iÖn kiÓu
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''u
s
oI'q8-'1#J%+'&+e9'( '9+-1'/*0%'
>,('=*04'E$%&'E$%&'1#$%&'>2M*'/*0%'/2T4'
+$,%'1+,%+A'
CG%'4+x'U'#l%&'=*04'/5%&'4G8'NR$'%?*'
( '9+-1'/*0%'4+2R'/2T4']z4+'1+z4+'=,$'
>2M*'/*0%'45'/*0%'-9'q
s
'12b%&'/2b%&'=M*'
1#23%&'+T9'%&}%'(W4+'/<1'%+*`%'4\R'>2M*'
/*0%A'FJ'%&$,*'1ổ%&'1#ở'4\R';L%'1+^%'( '
9+-1'/*0%'4P%'45'1ổ%&'1#ở'4\R'4-4'9+G%'1Q'
]+-4'4\R'>2M*'/*0%' (( ';*H%'-9'1V%&'-9I'
/23%&'N^.o'%`%'NP%&'/*0%'g8%&'4+W.'
1#$%&'( '9+-1'/*0%']+Y%&'=2T1' q8-';R'
+$64';?%'>G%'NP%&'/*0%'/j%+'(d4A''Hb%'%OR

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
=J'N^.'q8D%']z4+'1+z4+'/2T4'%?*'q8R'/*0%'1#ở'1#*01'1i'%`%'NP%&'/*0%'g8%&'q8-'/<'&*L('
#D1'%+R%+A'HJ%+'t!~v'4+$'1+D.'E@';*H%'/ổ*'qI'I'=,'*
1
']+*'/5%&'4G8'NR$'&+e9'( '9+-1'
/*0%'=,$'>2M*'/*0%';l%&'9+2b%&'9+-9'1@'/:%&';<A'P+2b%&'9+-9'1@'/:%&';<'/2T4'9+e9'
EQ'NS%&'1#$%&'1#23%&'+T9'I
g&
'<'vI!'I
/(
A'
'
25-3. Điều chỉnh công suất tác dụng và công
suất phản kháng của máy phát đồng bộ
'
"L*'4\R'+<'NZ%&'/*0%'1#$%&'>2M*'/*0%'1+23%&'>8Y%'1+R.'/ổ*'1+h$'/*78']*0%'4\R'EL%'
g8D1'+$64'4[%&'45'1+K'45'1#23%&'+T9'18.'1L*']+Y%&'1+R.'/ổ*'%+2%&'N$'/*78']*0%'=C%'
+,%+'4\R'>2M*'/*0%'(,'4G%'1+*H1'9+L*'1+R.'/ổ*'4+H'/<'>,('=*04'4\R'4-4'( '9+-1'/*0%I'
N$'/5'1#`%'1+@4'1H'9+L*'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'P'=,'4Y%&'E8D1'9+L%']+-%&'Q'4\R'

( '9+-1'/*0%'/:%&';<A'
Nguyn Vn ụ - HL
!!
Hình 25-4. Công suất tác dụng
và công suất chỉnh bộ của máy
phát điện đồng bộ cực ẩn
'

'
P
('
B
'
A
'

P'


'

(
'

t
'


'
|

'
P
4;'
P
'
"R'+ã.'ge1'=D%'/7'ở'+R*'1#23%&'+T9'/*K%'+J%+A'"#23%&'+T9'1+d'%+D1'>,'1#23%&'+T9'
( '9+-1'/*0%'>,('=*04'1#$%&'+0'1+?%&'/*0%'>@4'45'4Y%&'E8D1'=Y'4Z%&'>M%'=M*'qI'u''
4$%E1I'+R.'%5*']+-4'/*'1ổ%&'4Y%&'E8D1'4\R'4-4'( '9+-1'/*0%'/R%&'>,('=*04'E$%&'E$%&'
1#$%&'+0'1+?%&'#D1'>M%'E$'=M*'4Y%&'E8D1'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'/R%&'/2T4'ge1I'N$'/5'=*04'
/*78'4+_%+'P'=,'Q'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'/5']+Y%&'>,('1+R.'/ổ*'q'=,'u'4\R'+0'1+?%&'/*0%A'
"#23%&'+T9'1+d'+R*'>,'1#23%&'+T9'4+_'45'+R*'+$64'=,*'( '9+-1'/*0%'45'4Y%&'E8D1'12b%&'
/2b%&'>,('=*04'E$%&'E$%&'=,'E@'1+R.'/ổ*'4+H'/<'>,('=*04'4\R'(<1'( 'Ec'>,('1+R.'/ổ*'
qI'u'4+8%&'4\R'4L'4-4'( '9+-1'/*0%'/5A'
25.3.1. Điều chỉnh công suất tác dụng P của máy phát điện đồng bộ
1. Tr*ờng hợp máy phát điện làm việc trong hệ thống điện công suất vô cùng
lớn
ở'1#23%&'+T9'%,.'q'=,'u'>,']+Y%&'/ổ*'%`%'
%H8'&*O'NP%&'/*0%']z4+'1+z4+'*
1
']+Y%&'/ổ*'1+J'E'
>,'+l%&'E?'=,'1+h$';*K8'1+d4'tt~ v'1+J' P'>,'
+,('E?'4\R'&54''=,'/23%&';*K8'N*ễ%'4\R'%5'
45'NW%&'%+2'/ã';*H1'1#`%'+J%+'tt~9A'ở'4+H'/<'
>,('=*04'g-4'>C9'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'P'4\R'( '
d%&'=M*'&54' '%+D1'/j%+'9+L*'4^%';l%&'=M*'
4Y%&'E8D1'4b'1#`%'1#S4'>,(' q8R.'( '9+-1'
/*0%A'p23%&';*K8'N*ễ%'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'4\R'/<%&'
4b'Eb'4D9'/2T4';*K8'1+j';l%&'/23%&'1+ẳ%&'
E$%&'E$%&'=M*'1#S4'%&R%&'=,'4}1'/64'1z%+'&54'ở'
/*K(' A'1#`%'+J%+' t!~wA'B+2'=C.'(8?%'/*78'

4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'P'4\R'( '9+-1'1+J'









9+L*'1+R.'/ổ*'&54'I'%&+ĩR'>,'&*R$'/*K('A';l%&'4-4+'1+R.'/ổ*'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'1#`%'1#S4'
( A'
CY%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4@4'/W*'P
(
'(,'( '9+-1'/*0%'45'1+K'48%&'4D9'4+$'+0'1+?%&'/*0%'
d%&'=M*']+*'
0=

d
dP
A'á9'NS%&'/*78']*0%'/5'/?*'=M*';*K8'1+d4'(tt~ vo'4\R'( '9+-1'/:%&'
;<'4@4'ẩ%'E8.'#R'/2T4'
(
''9|
|
'=,'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
d
m
x

mUE
P =
''''''''''''''''(t!~ o''
C[%&'%+2'=C.'/?*'=M*'( '4@4'>:*I'1i'(tt~ vo'45'1+K'E8.'#R'/2T4'&54'
(
'g-4'/j%+'
;ở*n'
B
ABA
m
4
8
cos
22
+
= '
1#$%&'/5n''''
d
x
mUE
A = I'''''








=

dq
xx
mUB
11
2
'
=,''''''''
m
dq
m
d
m
xx
mU
x
mUE
P 2sin
11
2
sin
2








+= ''''''(t!~to'

Nguyễn Văn Đô - ĐHĐL
!6
'
f+*'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4G%'4+x'U'#l%&'( '9+-1'/*0%'/:%&';<'4+_'>,('
=*04'æ%'/j%+'1Ü%+']+*'|'<'θ''<'θ
(
A'pK'1+D.'#â'/*78'/5I'&*L'1+Q'#l%&'( '/R%&'>,('=*04'ë'
&*R$'/*K('A'd%&'=M*'θ

'<'θ
(
A'BH8'N$'(<1'%&8.`%'%+^%'%,$'/5'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'P
4b
'4\R'
/<%&'4b'Eb'4D9'1V%&'>`%'1#$%&'(<1'1+3*'&*R%'%&}%I'ER8'/5'>W*'1#ë'=7'1#j'E?';R%'/G8'1+J'
#Y1$'4\R'4-4'( '9+-1'/*0%'Ec'q8R.'%+R%+'>`%A'B+2'=C.'&54'θ'Ec'1V%&'1+`('+∆θ'=,'
12b%&'d%&'4Y%&'E8D1'P'Ec'1V%&'1+`('∆PA'FJ'>x4'/5'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'P
4b
'/·'1#ë'=7'1#j'E?';R%'
/G8'%`%'P'+'∆P'>'P
4b
I']H1'q8L'>,'#Y1$'Ec';j'&+J('=,'( '9+-1'/*0%'1#ë'>W*'>,('=*04'ë'&54'
θ';R%'/G8'ER8'=,*'4+8']ú'NR$'/<%&A'"#-*'>W*'%H8'( '9+-1'/*0%'>,('=*04'g-4'>C9'ë'θ
t
'>'
θ
(
I'=z'NS'ë'/*K('B'1#`%'+J%+'t!~w'1+J']+*'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'1+R.'/æ*'%+2'1#`%I'&54'θ'1V%&'
1+`(''∆θ'Ec'>,('4+$'P'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'&*L(I'%+2'=C.'P'<'P
4b

I']H1'q8L'>,'#Y1$'q8R.'
%+R%+'1+`(I'&54'θ'4,%&'1V%&'=,'( '9+-1'/*0%'Ec'(D1'/:%&';<'=M*'>2M*'/*0%A'
"i'%+O%&'/*78'%5*'1#`%'1R'1+D.'#l%&I']+*'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'(,'(8?%'
&*O'4+$'( '9+-1'/*0%'>,('=*04'æ%'/j%+'1+J'9+L*'45'/*78']*0%'ER8n'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
0>
θ
d
dP
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(t!~vo'
1#$%&'/5'
θ
d
dP
/2T4'&y*'>,'4Y%&'E8D1'4+_%+';<'/64'1#2%&'4+$']+L'%V%&'&*O'4+$'( '>,('
=*04'/:%&';<'1#$%&'>2M*'/*0%'=,'/2T4']z'+*08';l%&'P
4;
A'
"i'4-4';*K8'1+d4'(tt~ vo'=,'(tt~ wo'E8.'#R'/2T4'4Y%&'E8D1'4+_%+';<'/?*'=M*'( '
4@4'>:*n'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' θθ 2cos
11
cos
2









−+=
dqd
cb
xx
mU
x
mUE
P '''''''''''''(t!~wo'
=,'/?*'=M*'( '4@4'È%n'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' θcos
d
cb
x
mUE
P = '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(t!~!o''''
p23%&';*K8'N*Ô%'4\R'4Y%&'E8D1'4+_%+';<'%+2'1#`%'+J%+'t!~wA'"R'1+D.']+*']+Y%&'1L*'
(θ'•'|oI']+L'%V%&'4+_%+';<'1d4']+L'%V%&'4\R' ∆P'&*OR'4Y%&'E8D1'4b'/2R'=,$'( '=,'
4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'/2R'#R'>2M*'/*0%'d%&'=M*'E@'1+R.'/æ*'∆θ'>,('4+$'( '9+-1'=É%'N8.'
1#J'>,('=*04'/:%&';<'=M*'>2M*'/*0%'>,'>M%'%+D1I'4P%']+*'θ'•'θ
(
'1+J']+L'%V%&'4+_%+';<'
;l%&']+Y%&A'
"#`%'1+@4'1H'=C%'+,%+'/K'/7'9+P%&'1#23%&'+T9'q'+$64'E'&*L('+$64'%+O%&'%&8.`%'
%+^%']+-4'>,('4+$'4Y%&'E8D1'P'/2R'#R'>2M*'/*0%'&*L('1+h$'%+2%&'=É%'N8.'1#J'/2T4'/:%&'
;<I'( '9+-1'/*0%'1+23%&'>,('=*04'=M*'4Y%&'E8D1'/j%+'(d4'P
/(
'd%&'=M*'θ'<'v|
|

A'
B+2'=C.']+L'%V%&'q8-'1L*'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'/:%&';<'/2T4'g-4'/j%+'1X'E?n'
(d
m
m
P
P
k =
'
&y*'>,'+0'E?'%V%&'>@4'q8-'1L*A'
p?*'=M*'( '4@4'È%'
(d
m
k
θsin
1
=
'
Nguyn Vn ụ - HL
!7
Hình 25-5. Điều chỉnh công suất phản
kháng của máy phát điện đồng bộ
0
E

&
'
0
E
&

'
db
xIj

&
db
xIj
&
&
U
'
B
'

''

'
'


'


'

'
t
'

'

A
'
|
'
,
I
&
'
I
&
'
Hình 25 - 6. Đặc tính hình V
của máy phát điện đồng bộ'
"+*H8''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
]z4+'1+z4+'
P
'

' I|P
/('
cos

=1'
i
t0
'
n
'
Q8-''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
]z4+'1+z4+'

i
t
'
P
'

'
|I!P
/('
A
'
0
'

'>'|'

'<'|'
m
'
I
'
B
'
P
'
'|I
t
!P
/('
"+h$'q8.'/j%+'1+J'4G%'/L(';L$']

(
'>' I7'=,'(8?%'%+2'=C.'1+J'( '9+L*'45'1X'E?'
%&}%'(W4+'f'>M%I'%&+ĩR'>,'g
N
'9+L*'%+k'(+$64']+h'+ở'>M%oA'
CG%'4+x'U'#l%&']+*'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'PI'N$''1+R.'/ổ*'%`%'4Y%&'E8D1'
9+L%']+-%&'4[%&'1+R.'/ổ*'1+h$A'
2. Tr*ờng hợp máy phát điện công suất t*ơng tự làm việc song song
G*L'1+Q'45'+R*'( '9+-1'/*0%'4Y%&'E8D1';l%&'%+R8'>,('=*04'E$%&'E$%&A'ở'1#23%&'
+T9'%,.I'1#$%&'/*78']*0%'1L*'4\R'>2M*'/*0%']+Y%&'/ổ*I']+*'1V%&'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4\R'
(<1'( '(,']+Y%&'&*L('12b%&'d%&'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4\R'( ']*R'1+J'1G%'E?'4\R'>2M*'
/*0%'Ec'1+R.'/ổ*'4+$'/H%']+*'45'E@'4^%';l%&'(M*'=,']+*H%'4+$'+<'NZ%&'/*0%'9+L*'>,('
=*04'1#$%&'/*78']*0%'1G%'E?']+-4'/j%+'(d4A'FJ'=C.I'/K'&*O'4+$'u''4$%E1']+*'1V%&'4Y%&'
E8^1'1-4'NS%&'4\R'(<1'( '1+J'9+L*'&*L('4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4\R'( ']*RA'C+z%+'4[%&'
;l%&'4-4+'/5'(,'45'1+K'1+R.'/ổ*'E@'9+^%'9+?*'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'&*OR'+R*'( A'
25.3.2. Điều chỉnh công suất phản kháng của máy phát điện
"R'+ã.'ge1'=*04'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1'9+L%']+-%&'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'/:%&';<'>,('
=*04'1#$%&'>2M*'/*0%'=Y'4Z%&'>M%'(qI'u''4$%E1o']+*'4Y%&'E8D1'1-4'NS%&'4\R'( '/2T4'
&*O']+Y%&'/ổ*A'
G*L'EQ'( '9+-1'/*0%'45'4@4'ẩ%'=,'/K'/b%'&*L%I';k'q8R'/*0%'1#ở'N^.'q8D%'9+G%'d%&'
(#
2''
'|oA'"#$%&'1#23%&'+T9'/5I'/:'1+j'=e41b'EA/A/A'%+2'1#`%'+J%+'t!~!A'
FJ'P''(qI4$E''OA'>,']+Y%&'/ổ*I'=,'=M*'/*78']*0%'q''4$%E1'%`%']+*'1+R.'/ổ*'QI'
(x1'4\R'=e41b'I'>8Y%'>8Y%'ở'1#`%'/23%&'1+ẳ%&' I'=8Y%&'&54'=M*'=e41b'qA'FM*'()*'1#j'E?'
4\R'I'Ec'45'(<1'1#j'E?'4\R'4$E''=,'=c'/:'1+j'=e41b'EA/A/A'12b%&'d%&'Ec'g-4'/j%+'/2T4'/<'
>M%'4\R'=e41b''EI'1i'/5'E8.'#R'/2T4'NP%&'/*0%']z4+'1+z4+'*
1
'4G%'1+*H1'/K'E*%+'#R'EA/A/A'EA'
C[%&'4G%'4+x'U'#l%&'

constP
x
mEU
P
d
==
1
sin
I'1#$%&'/5'q'=,'g
N
']+Y%&'/ổ*'%`%'P''
EE*%''OB''4$%E1'=,'(x1'4\R'=e41b'E'>8Y%'>8Y%'%l('1#`%'/23%&'1+ẳ%&'t'=8Y%&'&54'
=M*'OBA'
' '
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
Nguyễn Văn Đô - ĐHĐL
!{
'
fH1'q8L'9+^%'1z4+'4+$'1+D.'(8?%'/*78'4+_%+'4Y%&'E8D1']+-%&'Q'1+J'9+L*'1+R.'/æ*'

]z4+'1+z4+'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%A'
FM*'()*'1#j'E?'4\R'P'•'4$%E1I'1+R.'/æ*'Q''=,'=c'/:'1+j'=e41b'EA/A/A'%+2'1#`%'1R'g-4'
/j%+'/2T4'q8R%'+0' I'•'u(*
1
oI'4P%'&y*'>,'/64'1z%+'+J%+'F'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%'/:%&';<A'
"+R.'/æ*'4-4'1#j'E?'4\R'PI'=M*'9+2b%&'9+-9'%+2'1#`%'Ec'1+,%+'>C9'/2T4'(<1'+y'4-4'/64'
1z%+'+J%+'F'%+2'1#`%'+J%+'t!~6A'"#`%'+J%+'=c'/23%&'Am'/*'q8R'4-4'/*K('4@4'1*K8'4\R'
+y'/64'1z%+'+J%+'F'12b%&'d%&'=M*']+*'4$Eϕ'•' A'f+8'=@4';`%'9+L*'4\R'/23%&'Am''d%&'
=M*'1L*'45'1z%+'4+D1'4L(''(ϕ'>'|o'=,'4+H'/<'>,('=*04'q8-']z4+'1+z4+'4\R'( '9+-1'/*0%A'
f+8'=@4'ë';`%'1#-*'4\R'/23%&'/5'd%&'=M*'1L*'45'1z%+'4+D1'N8%&'(ϕ'<'|o'=,'4+H'/<'1+*H8'
]z4+'1+z4+'4\R'( A'p23%&'Bn'd%&'=M*'&*M*'+W%'>,('=*04'æ%'/j%+'=M*'(W%&']+*'( '
9+-1'/*0%'>,('=*04'ë'4+H'/<'1+*H8']z4+'1+z4+A'
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