writing skills gre gmat phần 10 pot

producls
i.c mrnufictur€d
ind asscnrbl€d
bl
rh€
lo\vcr_cosr
Asian
rnd
Ccntfirl
An)cricrn
ljrbor
forcc-i
lclion
tor
lvhonl thc
altemnlivc
is
uncnrplo\'n)cnl
xn(l
Povtrr!
ln lhcsc
crscs,
Prod!cin8
lo\vcr<luxlin
producrs docs
homxn
rcsoltrctsi
()
rllc co'ltfirn
lt crc:llcs
ln lhc

nnxl xnrllsis.
cosr'ctrtlinS
P.oduclion
nrclhods
bencfir
consum_
crs- botb
in lhe
shon
term through
lower
Prices
xnd in
lhc long
run
b)'\'rI
of
cconomic
viLalir\'and
incrcised
comPetilion.
The
chim
that
Producin8
low!ualiq'
producis
sistcs nitur.rl
;rnd hum:rn
rcsourccs

is spccious
at best'
lll
lssur
No.
'l
l0
Ethical
Starldards
and Successfirl
Busirless
Leadersl.dp
ln
asscning
thxr
thc most
succcssful
business
lcaders
arc
thc oncs
ihel
follow
t]lc
hithcst
elhjcrl
srr'ldrrds
the sncrkcr
tiiscs
somc

veq
comPlcr
qucsuons-about
a busiicss
lcader's
fidDcian' dutics
to
thc firrn
s
srikeholders
viea_vis !hc lerder's
socirl
obljgations
UltrJnatc\',
howcvcr'
thc
answer
rums
on
whethcr a busincss
lead€r
cin
rcco8nizc
whcn sclfittcresr
alj8ns
\vjt-h
socixi
vclJxre, xs
discussed below.
One

sa]'
to def!fle
lhe success
of
r busincss
lcader
is simP\'
in
icrms of
thc
pron6
(or
losses) of
thc lcrder's
lmn
Ptoponcn$
of
this dcfrnidon
also
icnd
ro b€lieve
thit b]'ma-\imizin8
proliis,
at lc'st
wnhin lcSal
and
.cgulxto'-r'
bounda.ies,
a business
lcacler

fullius
hls
or her
hjSh€st
crhical
'oblSation
tet
5e.
Howcv.r,
it
we
accePt
thesc
simplc
notions
of
bltsitcss
succcss
lnd ethics.
is m:ln)
leople
do thcn
tllc spe'kcr's
tsscruon
amounts
to
a mcanrnSlcss
lxutolosl
Bcsides,
a cer!'!in

coiltt?rl
view suggcsls
tjrxt
bot}l
notions
rell'on
o1'erh
narro$'ideas,bout
business
"success'and
hoq
ro actuevc
it.
According
to this broadcr,
contrio
vie\\"
business
leaders'
by
virruc ot
rbc
power tbe,r
enio,\'.
owc cenxin
social
obliEations
to tbc
commuturl'ano
rhc socicrl

!)ut
Smnts
th€m
rhit
Power
in thc
firsr
phce Such
obliSations
oftcn
go
beyonil
lcSal oncs
lnd
includc.
among
othcr
duties,
a duty
to'
condud
busitcss
in
t mrnncr
that ?voids
undue
risk
to the
hcalth
and

seJety
of customcrs
as
well as rhe
public
at
large lfl
ordcr
ro
dischargc
obligations
such
as t}csc,
a fifln
nijghr
voluntirily
providc
ccft
n
Producl_s'Jetl
fcarues
or
rlkc cen-]!n'pollution-conttol
mcasr'Ircs-cvcn
if
it mcans
forcgoing
a
ponion of
its

pronts- SbJnc
advocalcs
of
this
contr-rrJ'vicw
8o
.".i-"in."=
t-o.sc on
rusileli"leracrs
en irrrm'tivc
oblisarlon
to
protcct
consumcrs,
prcscrvc
t}c nlrulzl
cnvironmett'
Promotc
cducatror\
and
odreiwisc
t Jic stePs
ro
bclP
rllcvialc socicqts
problcms
Thc mosr succcssful
business
l€adcr
is thc

onc
who flot
only
stril<cs
thc
best
balance
bcrw€cn
social
obliSetion
xnd
the
profrl'maximjzltion
inpcmtivc.
bui
also tecognizcs
and cxploils
areas
whcrc
rhc Fvo
objcdieet
"r.
^ "rly
in accor4
erh€r dilFi€-
ceggi€|_E4F
!)r**Pic
a fi'm
s
i'lsensirivir.

ro enlironmenLjll
or
s:rfcr\'
conccms
n!8ht
ramish
i!!
oubltc
M.pet6otLt.con
"rt
rrtf"r,rt
"rrror""
!
ttillji
rut,*tu:i#tffiin$I
'Iffil$;'*,i[*1ru-'ffi:
1;;**,;m;*F$#i*i=*j$*,:I
;t''i#;;g*l':t:'tiifu*fi
l+_*W
$fi*$ff*ffi
*H#d'f,',*',"#*,,tirn:ii
j":ffi
n
ia5ano) puolaB
anrrnuoc-"oJ,"qnpg
pr
,.,
.*,,1i
Jf
ll

ll".io.I-T:*,",""'.,";1##;'l;ff ff
,""'J:lTf
l#:T.:X
j
x#:il:T'j,,:;:l, YJ
j'il;
j*:,-^,fr
.;*1*tjtt,
ut
pwq
03
or
r'{r
c.rour
!n
ssrdrurs
Du!
"ro,o
._.jl]l#rijrr#l
-sr)ErrnIJr
lndr
frpuErs 3$)unoJrE
uosr:
:,T
;fi:;
i'J:T.{
*ilii}ilT:.tt-,i
:ili1*:#""J
s:Isst
1vr,,,19

-tvrctijo
0z
tiol
sAVSS:
ltdl,,vvs
dcvclopirS.
(bcn
nunudnS
rluoush
continucd srud\ an acsrhclic
apprccir.
tion of Lircrarurc, rhc
finc aru.
and ihc pcdorming
ans.
Thus. cvcn
rhc bro:rdcst
and dccpisr
cottcgc educirion is
mcrct).,
primcr
for aduh lifc.
vocr(ionil
xod
otircnvise. Wc
should conrinrc ro
tcrrn
ncs
jotrelitcd
skills and

irJomxdon,
in the inrc.esr
of
xdvancirg
rhc
socieq'. But
wc
should rlso
complcmcnt
*rose
cffonj through course wofk
in tlre scicnccs, humxnirics,
tnd ans. Wc
rhcrcbl
gain
rhc capacin ro
succccd in carecr, ro
fmd its
purpose
and
mcaning,
rnd
ro understand rnd
lpprccizte
Mc- To
Sain
rhcse capaciries
is ro
become futjt human,
vhich,

nr
mt'\'ieq,, should
b€ our uhimrtc
end.
wdting
SktL\lor
the
GRE/GMAT Tests
uuu.pcI6otu.con
,rol suaelDdn'.,'nl
a(tt
rtl
slIr:ts
a'||Jual
tttal
rv\,9n21)
.ruslr.r8Eld
roJ
tnolool
.e
uo
)q
lI^!
srrpE:r
l:l?.:Iy".,"r,,
.pro,r ior-prod
aqtdo,,",,",'
j,;;;;,
;r!ss.
1u:uJnfry

f.Wrt9
rnot
Burso.Jrror
r(
-n'"a,o npu",,*qn.ql,;;;;;il;#H,'j;*'S:r:.ffiT.
'1.(\)
Jnol q
tu:LUnSJ\.rr.l.)
r)f,ts)r
o)
nol
)))dxJ
)ou
op
srJpr*
_aqr
r[rl]
'ra^)^\oq
.punx
ur
d:i)
.aJu.rf,Jrj
Jnor
ro,t
)ururnS+.
lxr)tlo
rrF
pilrntrdxr.r._{,1
irss! q:r:3o
qdr,,Er.,1j

,.ra,
.U, u,
,
_ _::."*
6g
r.r
55njro.rd
w) ,otr
)rqa-
jnoqE
)Ds,Jr)r
.)B
.rrlnx
sr.F:rlsnod
st
).u)rr
glxssr
ho/i
Jl
p)ulJluot
Jq
!,uop
,os
.lprus
o)
no^
roJ
slrpouJ
rr':)q
ur:ttl

f,)pl'
ot
a*"a-r*:
ro ,,q-"
.irnJ
rr'
I
c6ty
suonrpuo)
t)r,'')
rrpun
stssr
)srrr
,"J.",
;";;;
.
:Sq^ronoj
f,q) pt]trlJ
u-r
d))I
I
uBd
ln
f,r)q
srsuods.r
r(p
lpn]s
nol
n
lrs of, ^.\ srmrr^{ ^r-,^,t !".:':l^rrs-n5u'lsr^"nr

\,s)
rtrs qr^
SLrnuA\
fcrlrlfcuy
Iy^ D
,lu,
t,n
su:ur&iy
fclrgloJo )q
rn)u>
eqj
urDqo
uEr
nol
lood
lcrrrllo
s,rrTEul
)sr):Q
tn
nuju'n€r]/
Jr.n
lo OZ
o,
ar*oarJ
ltrl
sumuoJ
e'uE
SIN:IWNSIrV
IYI,{9
-IVJ)I;I.;IO

OZ
uod
sAvssg
:ndI^I.VS
I
*rrcd
ill
Ancu,raevr
No, B
JJAI?I
b
Intcrcst
in IUanagement
lssues
Arnong
Worl(cis
,^ccordin8
ro
d)is cditoriat.
ibc
comn)on
!jrN
of
Norkcrs
ap.!hcrjc
abour
manr8cmeor
issUcs
rs fitsc.
or

il
lcrsr
(,1,(J.
Cd.
To
ruDDon
rhjs
:rsser.ion,
rhe
cditorial
circs
:l rcccnrt! pubjjsbed
jun,(\ jn
\\4ljch
79
pcrccnl
of rhe
1.200 workcrs
responorn8
ro x
quesrjonnrire
indicated
tsrcar
rnrcrcst
rn
coporarc-rcsrrucluring
:rnd
bcncfirs_rcdcsiFn
issucs.
CarcIrlt

scmrif,)
of
rhe
ediro.iat
rcveils
numcrous potcn!irt
problems
$,irh
il-problems
rhtl
,endcr
irs xurhor's
posirion
unrcnable.
A
rhrcshotd problem
is drxr
drc
€dirorirl
negtect5
ro indiclrc
ho!,,
rcccnrl)'ric
survc.\,was
acturl)y
conducrcd.
All
.wc
knos, is
rixr thc

surycr
was
rccenrlt pubUshcd.
Thc
lcss
reccnr
rhe
surve\.itselI.
rhe less
rcliablc
dt;
resulrs ro
indicare
cuffcnr
inrcrcst
lclels
in man.gcmcnr
issues
amonr
workcrs,
rcgrrdtess
of
when
rlic
resutrs wcrc
pubLst)co.
Two
more polcnliat
p.oblems
h:lve

ro do wjrh
rhc
su.vcy
s
mcthodolo81,.
Firsr,
unless
rhe
sufleyors
smptcd
a
su_ffjcicff
number
ol
sork€.s
and
did
so
nndomly
across
the
€ndr€ workforce
spccrftm,
rlrc
survct'resutrs
arc
nor
rcUirble
ro
gauge

rlc
inrcrcsE
of workers gcneE!),.
Thc number
oI
respondent5
(t,2OO)
in irsclt
docs
nor €nsurc reDresenLltjvc-
ncss. t:o.
cxamptc,
if rhe
samplc
includcd
onjy m,rnagers,
rhcn
rhc
lcsults
sould
no doubr
suSScsr 2
much
hjgbcr
levcl
of inre.csr rhan
thc evcmcc
lcvcl imong
aU vorkers.
.

second
possiblc
mcdrodological
pfoblem
n $rt of
bias.
pelhaps
Norxcrs
Jrrho
wcrc
inreresred
in mxnrgemenl
issues
s,crc
morc
likeh,tirrn
orbc.
volkcrs
ro
rcspond
ro rhe qucsrionn,iirc_possiblv
becausc rhey
found
_
rnc quesoonnaire
moft
intcresrinS.
Or perhaps

i
signiicanr
numbcr
of
rcspondcnB
fejgncd
intcrcsr
in
mxnirgsnlcnr
issues
bccruse rirc\,
bclicvcd
thd'mi8hr
Sarn
favor wjrh
lhcir
compan!
bv doinS
so. tn
cirhcr even(.
tj)c
survcy
resu6
would
be vifturlh,
usetcss
in dnwing
.eliabte
conclusions
abou!

t}. xcrual.
tc"et
of
jnrercsr
in
m;rn:rgcmcnr
issucs
among vorkcrs
_
SCnCrau).
A finat
ploblcm
wirh
rhe
cdirorial
invotves
r}rc possibiliry
of addirronar
lcsulrs
Iiom
rhc
surey-rcsuhs
rhar
ttlc eclirorial
neglecljs
ro mention.
Fof
cxamptc,
maybe
$e

questjonnsjre
listed mrnt.
m tagemenr
jssues
ano mc
rcsulrs
showcd
kccn
inrerasr 2mong
workers
in onlv thc
rwo
Da(icularin_cs'
rhar
rhc cdiloriat
mendons.
fn frcr,'fer,aI
Nc
knos,,rrtrc
sunev rcsgonOenus
indicarcd
rhaadrEy
wcrc
comptercl),aparhcric
roq,rrd
alt
ortrcr rssucs,
rn
which
crse

drc
common
norion
dtar
thc ediro.i:
seeks ro dispel would
appear
to
bc
correcr
aftcr all.
In
sum, rhc
edirorjat
hls
nor
succecdcd
in d,sproving
rhar sr'orkcF
are
apathcric
abour
manag€menr
issucs.
To make
at lclsr
a cotomblc
d.sumcnl
based
on rhc

survq,,
thc
cdironat
s ruthor
musi
shos, ihar
lhe surcY
rcspondcnrs
as
a
g.ouD
,ccumrch,
reitecr
rbc enri.e worke.
poputation
in
rcrm5
of rhcir
inrcrcsr
in
minrgcmcnr
issucs
,rcncr:rlh,_nor iusr
rbc r.vo
t\TrttntF
Sktlts
for
tl:c
GRE/CIUT
T4Ls

uutD.l>.tersoB.coD1
te.tttuenrn.J
,1t,"r,
stsrJ
JvJl'9.
ntt Jt,
s t.t\'nrttuat
.
.1tos
sJ,: i,i.ru)^u
r(D{l >rlt
rot ))DDb:)pr:
u:.q.^xq
stoor
ctrlrs 5rl) qijnoqr
Lr)^i.er)losqo
stoor
5utllrr.]r
s,ulrrsul!
p]J)purr
e^!q t8oiouqr:t
lruonrj:1
p:
ur
stu.uJdotr^.p
^\.u
J(,
?irnlt
r sdrqr:d
rO

.urqr
,)!tdrr
ro rrDd.r
o)
prpr.u
., :;u,pu,,j
ruxrU'u8rs
).q)
lurod.qr
()1
clsun;trnorrSurp
p.rrp"uo,
^o",r,,
pu,,
nurrEourlf,p
rj?3q
c^Eq
srDll)!-l
s,q:rsu]3
sdr:qjad
.rldurux:
rol
.srros!:r
itcllssodlo
r:qurnu
lu. roj
.eur_r)
rslr
3r.tt
roj

p.rrnb
rq
^!ou
1q3ru.r )scejrur
,iu!punJ
IrDuusqns
rl
.rrury
rqt
ln
.lwor
st
rr
s!
r^trJqle
sn urErur
u:^.
ro
'os
op
or .lqE
eq lF Ess.rsu
:ou
ilra
tr
.srs!3rrul
,rnpunJ
p)rsnfpi-uotrEful
rnotnl^\
:^rttrJlJ) rolx

uaor8
srq
ulolsulJ
tsrd srll
ur
I
u:^r
.;IpIrtI
rJ)ds)'l
sn]]
rn
pr^oldutr
ttrrt rn sru
Lnf,tsun
rr!r
ro
5seur.u!:rr:
1cuor.rtrnD,
p:ao.rdui
or.tqonqurr".,
o,r.,
.u]
)rrlr rru
)ou^uor
lornrtr rj:1tsds
3q:
,pu:n.qr
ro;
suoser
rlqrsso.t

J.q)o
f,unrqrql.
:noilrrA\
'Auoud
J.LlAru
r Jo
otqEprolF
:rou.r
rlqtla
$ uotrrJnpo
.Sallor
luoqa roJ
nu.p!s.r
^ru
Jo
,L-nlFI
ur
.r)uEsrn
roj_suoDruEldx:
llqrssod
r)qto
lno:Fr
pu!
J)prsuo)
ol ,r".6ru
.rr:J".0,
-rq1
, r"nf".t
rn.)sull
aau

SuorrrE
.rr-J Eo.rrEFtrtr)Eul 3.nol
1
.,1
.r" rt
,r"
ro,,
uontLfttdp
:lqrsscia
Xpo
.q)
$ ssru3^,rtrrnr
FuolrrJnp:
rln
ru5uo^ordru!
)rA uondu'nsft
rood
rtp
uo
spurdrp
rurlmijt
s,JlrE.ds
.$
,.(lPuor3s
SulpttnJ
Jruonrppri
pr:u
rou
seop
)r

rlqr ruor,
r.t
.ss.t
e^lrr.J,r
lu
uotrrJnpa
ur
uaorS
srq uFlsnIJ
tErF rleqt
uo prsrq
rpnlluo.,
Ilqiuosraj
tolrt,.xJ
rrlrads
rqr
.pt,ut
rEalf,
x
aoqs
or
tu:rJujnsul
J!
p:pt^ord
sJDsltDts
eq)
.)tlts
.s^ulur'rd
slqr
u!

rLlJap
r
aq
1q8!rl:
purrr
ltx::^o
,qt ro
n"rrr
r"r,i
ou 3q
lqSiur
llJqr
.rJq
uI
,otJllor
01
gqpe::o:d
sa:rnpr-€
u,arsllJ
ar:u
lo
l3!)uo]J.d
rrll
Jo
sulj.t
rn
Jlnmrm
uf,?q
r,1tq
lq:nr,

s:r:;
o,ut :saqrSo
.q:oq
-sdcqr.d
Jo
.)uO
.puejr
ri.tr
t a^ord
or cr|Fs
^lpxq
poued
fte,{_?irua^!l
x
Jo
sr.rt
lnal
puE
rsru .qr
,{JUo
uro{
s:3uuerr3d
.JrI:
Jo
r$!:l
.BurJ-ur^uooun
)u:r!nfu!
f,qt
l.prl)r
Irqrf,Sol

q5lr]a
saEU
Suruosc.J
Frr^Js
lrlo{
s,r4ms
lururdr
s.re{x.ds
:rll
_pouad
rr$
r:^o p)sl:rrul
rou
slq.uottlUrj!
roJ p.tsn{px.Blnpuru
s.loogJs
rql
1!qt
tJq
!(p !trdgrp_pou.d
rE
{_,{ruc^r
tlql rr^o
ss)ua^D:}aJJ9
lxuonlanp:
ttt uaor€
:^Eq
lmur inrtstltf
:re suosr.r
ritlra.

.q,
,r"U.t-s,.rq"
*or:
'os
ptp
JIcLt
.uo
lIUo
.oiE
srxrl
,{ru)at
sEf,_Jrqa
33
or o,
uo
ot .rr"no*:
s,urrrn4:t
Jo
sp4F
oar .{rpor
lrn
rno
nr4od ralret}s,olF
.uorsi,r"-uoi
sl{r
roddns
oI tuEss:rrum
si yooqcg
q311_
r4e:s"13

,oj
:,ap_]J
ln
:sE:rJu
poun9qns
r lu{r
sJn8.l.[ tqur.ur
ltrrn_rol-Altr I
.qtrr:ds
sryl
uJ
;SrrJprmg
elolp.a.r.mbay
1oogtg
qi$I-ulersclg
s+oC
te
.oN
tNlwnexY
,,{JolEpucrlJ.l.a
sasuodsar
tou ro lrqrf,q^l
pnc
lr,uns
3r1r
rnoqc
plor
.1.^i
irelqns
cq:

rrqar
.sscro:d
uori:aps
-rtrJlqns
:rlj
rnoq!
lllirrrds:)-lSolopoqt.uJ
s,lr^hs
5qr
,.oO"
uou",_o.11'l
p.Irtrrp
llddns
rsnur rorln!
lrp
.s1p
qrrytuorJr
"r
.p.r.;l
".";.;
ill
cLui
stN3t,{n9uy
lvt^,t9-tvt3Bjo
oz
doj
s^Vssl
r.tdr,lvs
|ill
Iinrlh.lhc spc:rkcr's rrSr.rnlcnr

rssunr(s rlur colleF( nr:riricuhrion
rx(cr
:rrc d)c onl! rclixblr
jndicilor
of
x
hiFh scl)ool s
lc!!l
of
educ;uionll
cffccrivcncss. Yet thc nrcr(
l:rct thir x
hiFh school
srudcnr docs nor
procccd
t(' collegc docs
not ncccssrrril! nrcxn
llr]l rbc hi!h llch()o1
\'rs incffcclj!(
in
cducr(iirg thxt srudcnr.
Thus. rhc spcikcr unJaidr
cquarcs
-cducxrional
effccliveness' r,irh
collc,r(-mxt.icuh!ion
rares.
In conclusion.
drc scanr scrtisric:llevjdcncc proridcd
in rbc spccch iiils

Io conf
incc
mc rl)flt Einsrein
c:rn incrcasc.
or
evcn nral'lrah, irs level
of
cducarionxl cffcctivcness vnhou!
incre:lscd funding. lnsread of rclying
on
:r
potcntialj\'
irelc!:nr
sr^Lisric Irom rs,o
dccadcs aSo, rhc speaker should hevc
nrovidcd
finstcin
5
colleFC.mirrlcular'on
r?res fnr
mrn)
consecurrvc
yc2rs.
up
ro rhc prcscnt
rimc. To tull) provc
her case, thc spelkcr sbould havc also
provided
€vidcnce
drat subsr.rnriares

bcr
rwo
crucial ?5sumprioos;
(1)
thxl
collegc-matriculaLion mrcs dcpend prjmarily
on
r hi8h
school
s educ'tional
cffecdvencss
z.rd
(2)
tha( college
marricularion !']tes are rhc bcsr indici(or of
thar cffeclivencss.
ARGUMENI I\O. Id
Shuttfe-Bus Service
to
Local
Subway
Stations
Tbis cditorial
pomrs
our rhar
commurcr
usc
of
rhc
neq'subw:iy

r.ait
hi-s cxcccded
projections,
vhile
commuter use of shuRle buses rhr(
mnspon pcople ro
subwa)'smrions
is b€loq'p.oj€crions. Accoidir8 ro t}lc
edito.i:d, in ordcr lor a
Srcalcr
numbet
of
comurers ro
shutrlc
rathcr rhat
drivc
ro
the surions, rhc
citl musr eirhcr dccrcasc shurdc far€s
or
taisc
p]J|1ng
fces:rt thc
sLlrions. For sele.al
retsons,
rhjs
claim
js
a dubious
one ar

bes!
To
bcSin
with
the reason for_rhe
unexpecredl)' lo\r' shulllc-bus us:rgc
mi8ht
havc
nothjnS ro do with
eir.her shurde-bus fares or srzrion,prrkinS
fccs. For inst nce,
commuler awareness
of thc shurtlc.bus oprion mighr be
growing
morc
slowll'.tban arrLiciprred,
For tha! mrrler, man'I
commurcrs
mjght bc
wary'-
of riding
drc buscs due ro :r rcccnt shurrlc.bus accidcnr
Viftour
ruling
out
thcsc rnd
orher altem:rrivc explanrrions for t})c
low
shuttlc'bus usagc.
rhe autlor

caffror reerooxb))' concludc
*rar adjusrinS
shutilc fares or station'parldng
fecs
vill
have anl' effccr on rhar usa8c.
AdmiRing for thc
srkc oflrgumcnHhal
shuRtE-bus
farcs andlor
parkins
Jccs ire
rcsponsiblc for thc lower,rh2n<xpecrcd
shunlc.bus
u.sa8c, rbc
cditorial ncvcrthclcJs
ov€rlooks
orhot.Fays
@esidcs
idjustin8
shurrlc
fares
-o! pdkinS
fccr) ro incrcase
-shutdc-bus
usi8e. For oiamplc,
jJ
rhc
shutdcs
ran more frcquently, perhaps

more
peoplc
couid, and
would,
use drc
buscs
instcad of drivjng.
Or
pcrhaps
larger or more con,fonable shuFles
would
achicve r-bc
6amc rcsull- In shon, ur ess thc
cdirorial s
"uthor cxplorcs and
cLin1inatcs.?11 othcr options, I rcmrin mconvirccd
thrr
rhc
orl)'reay for
thc
cjrl'
to anajn
tha st"ted obiccLivc is ro
citicr dccr
se shuttlc farcs m
incrcsc DsJkir! fccs.
\\tnri,g
sk
ts
lor

tr.
GR-C/GiUT TesLt
@uu.r.refton.con
r:
sr
r{rn(.srrNr:t
ru.r.JJrp
r:l;rd
ltr^r,L:n
rq5iu
uos:ad'uts:qr:ai'rs
:qr
lt:3rrt
)rr
\d.orii
o^u ,qr
I
uJ.t
tuu^
^,",,.,,,;,;:: :]jl :ll^
s:uriu,,:,nb',.,d
^r,,";,;,;,;
;1,;::fl:i"iil'fi,^,il:;'Hl:l
f:"
"*":
rE)
u:.,\r:,q
r8olrur:
e511y
n

or
runoujx,.O,Ix,*^
*,n
ot
.r)q
sldLU)Il:
loqnr[
5r.p
.s]trEj
or'dt
,qr
Jo
lsr!
oqt
ot rrrdsaj
qlr^\
x
3r.l,i)roroh-
rJUn.
or :rnrrq
s,,(doJ
sr:uro)('r'
;p"o-"u", ,;a.,,+
.;;j
il;.rTr;'i"'.:Tl;J'ff
'":[Jj::
ntrtJ .s.Llr
',(l:n:unrojun
)srou
:ur8u!

s.X
tou
,Jrsntu
litror
ot
surlsll
rea:h.ql
ltrqa
3ruDlt.ddr
$l
uo
snroj
X
roj
sDc lrolsr^alrt
(a
pur
:sr!tr
uErgaury
sr
rl.a
sc rsnt
trs
)nq
.ulqlr.1arnb
,tn_.".i
._
.,r,
lri,rr.t
i,j

isrrq
o^D
s.rrr
llduJrs
roqrnr:
.qr
.uoDrrssr
,qr
",n3r,
o1
."u'r5u"
.,y.r,t,ou
sr-tou
sr )Lngu.
stt
lEqr
rrxJ
trr{r
or
anp
sl
,rnlrrj
s.iao:
arp
rrrp-uop.Jassc
.qr
.rnJ3r
or $dur'r
ur ,
ro$nr

.,rL
.1
jo.,.toor
s:,
*;^
.;;r;;;;
r.ru:urltl
prqsr1q":s}auol
E
,x
3lr,brotol{
Jo
sr.*or.n.
,rr.lrr"
o, prp".y
1
^rrrdu,o)
Lr6r>joJ
umr.r
E
rrql
rno
srlnocr
)s.rrj
.",,r"
.,q,
;"
,1q,." ,lI'
"".
or pallpJ

;1
ap,r".rorol4
go
,(do3
apzyg-ul1affXffffi
l0
.oN
rNly/neuv
ri,.s
lqfur
s'rnruu,otr
,{rrrqns
*ror lo
,t.jrns
,ror-
'.',
,o'"otllfrJo'ill
vo
nxllt
lrrpu_s)al
iLl_.|Jld
ot
f,Jcd(U(
sr
rrroqJ
naqr
r'qr puD
,uou"rr
ru,
,r,

3."
s:ltj
snq_elllnqs
rbotl
uo.p'sDq
)rrq'f,r
!
r^rq
srahurs,*
r"*
_;.;^.T:';T,:A:1ffffff
liil:
::l :l
r.q
u:Tru:r:s
oj._ft^
par,s:p
aqr
u, ror^lqeq
r5rnuruor
,i.lpotl:
o:
rur'Jurns
Jo
l'rDssllru
rrqlr!
,jr
slu:
:.n
escr

8,ntruhuor
",'l"',
;,
;,
;;:il:"jil
:.','#H':f
T'-
_o,
,q
nr^
,,r^
lr{f,ru uoorr.yo
mo:
p"roaor.t
_,,"Uo,,0.'"1;'rj:il
'os
jl
sjr)nurluo:,
rs.qr
Suour,
urr:)uor
r'o,
s.',pns-,o,r!.,
r.rpo
.u,os,*
.H
ffi
:I;;'tr""'"H?J
:.:-::ll*-
**l

.pro]3lr
f,a
nr
roJ
.rf,q
q
.uerrFldrrl
slqr
uoddns
oj
rruf,pr^)
ou
srpr^ord
fEuol!p.
eqr
.rtr^ra_olt.s,JoDns
.xtt
ot,.^pp
lDusrnf,
Jo.rot^lqiq
5qr
lsrzqf,
d1eq
,r"
v,
o."i.*j,;-lr-",i"i
,
nrnsru
,olpw
se'J

3pnqs
3'o:" ol
:rr,r.srnd'n
i".;;
.; G;;**
sr -:'sE
rJ."
ur
3f,s
or
p,pf,ru
oq
rou
rq',u
"*,_*,;J:lrT:;'J:lT
.,rp
_{r*rap-
.3^pJrD[
:lor!
s3ulor.q
tllrq]
ot
8ur^gp
Jo
por.*
,uourra
^EAqns
or
,.snq
3'rnqs

SL,r.jfEr
r!q:
os s'wqJ
,n
;
; ;
;;;;;;
:j:-:r__
T.1".
uolrrursuo>,{raq€rq
ro
-pDor
prft
.s3rud
ruronf
-srj.nts
:rtrtdrj3ou:.p
lrrol
lpnpr,
1rr€ru,
s.
Drdu4
rqsrur
,*,'
i;;,;;,
";:;:;;
ruoFlpuo)
qJns
33Esn
mq)FrnrF

.rs!rLu.
.rprraourr'
",
",,,r,,
,""",J.'T
;,1
l'#:r"
,'#*
l9lzJ
'rt)
)or
s t,)\
nuuutr
,
srosJr,.
IiHE
SlNlnn9dv
]Vt,,{e
tV|:)EJO
0Z UOI
S VSS:]
,t*y$
quict
cosir€. in
a
c.r lhro in r mororcvclc. ln cirirer rlrnt. it
{'ould
bc
unrcxsonrblc to d.r\'
,Lnt

conclusions xboLrt
\4rr
teoplc
choose onc
n)ororq'clt
oler anotbrr
bascd oD snlcs of
quicl
crrs
ris'A
is noisicr oncs.
,\s for 1l)c sccond fx.r-abou! rhc
relcvision
ads*rhc aLrhor sccnls to
assurrc rhr(
r
signficrnr
ponion
of
pcopis
q'ho
nriFhr bc
jnrcrcsrcd
in
buling molorc)clcs
Natcb
drc ads
cnough timcs
(o
bc

inlluenccd b) Ihcm.
\\hilc
this might bc thc c15c,
thc
aurl)or
nusr
prolidc clc:rr evidence to
subslrnr'arc
dris:lssumption,
OlhcN,ise, I cannor
:lcccpt the author's
injerencc
thir the lds
haae an) bearinS
\'hlrsoclcr
on
consumer
mororcvclc-bu\'rJ)B dccisions
ln c'unS t}e ads. thc aurhor
rlso secms ro
rssumc thar Is usual
fcarures,
s'hich
the xds tout, actualll
influencc motorq-clc-bu]
ing dccisions
of
peoplc viewing
thc ads. Ye! ir is enLi;e\'
tossible

th,rt these
people
donl
likc
or
don't
carc
about
X s app€ar?ice bur thx!
the ad's rzucous musjc
rcminds
ibem
of Mororqcle X s most
ippcaljj)S
ferrure-hs
noiq cn8ine.
Thc fact rhat X ha-s bcen msnufacrured
to! molc
than sevcnrl
ycars
strongl)
su8S€sts that
people
are alread). famiti"r
eirh
thc sound of X s en8inc and
hcrefore
thxr
the
ads

mighr seruc ro r€mind rhem of t}lxt sound.
In conclusjon, drc
xulior
has nor
trovided
convircinS rcasons
to
rcjccl
dle assertion
rhat
$e forcitn.madc cop-\"s failure ro lrrract X cusromcrs is
duc to irs compnrrrivch
quict
cn8ine.
To bolster
his
posirion,
instcad of
rcl!,nE on
potcntialll
lrrclcvant st.rrisric5 abour car s3lcs, thc iu$or should
providc
bctler evidence-perhaps
in
thc
form of
aorldwjde
survel
rcsulrs-ihat
mororqrclc

buycrs have rcjccted thc forci8n cop_\'tor reasons
hrvjng nothirg to do
s,ith
enBine noisc. To funhcr bolsrer
his
position,
thc
aurhor mi$t look for a rcljrblc telcvision,viewer
sunc!
showinS th?t thc
:rds Ior llotorcvcle X €ntice
porendrl
bu,vcrs
primariir
bcc:ruse
of the ads
'focus
or tbe bilie's
visual
fcarures-or for
orhcr
rcasons haling nolhing !o
do
wjth
an8inc noise.
Htl
Ancurari.rr
No. 42
Should
the Postal

Service
Raise Postage-Stamp Prices?
Thc author
of
this
opinjon
xniclc
claims
that mising
postege-st.amp
prices vould
ircrcrse
thc
posr2l
scliic's revcnu€
rvhile
decreasi.ng irs mail
volumc,
both of
which
in tum r})c author
.liims Nould climinxte sErin on
t}|-posri
q
stcni ,nd improve mor{c aJnon8
posElvorkc.s.
Bascd on
t}cs€
claims, the ad$or
rccommends rusin8'it st"-p

p" '. .'aer ro rcvcrsc
wh,!
the:ruthor
cx.Ils
"dcrcrjoratio;"
ofrhc
posql
sersice. Tlus
,rr!.umcnt depcods
on2 scrics of four c?use-and<fJcct rclationshiDs. none of
s'hich
the
articlc
s
autlor has cstlbLisbccl.
Thus, I flnd rhc
xrgument
q,hoUt
unpersuasive.
First of all. nisirg
stlmp
p.ices would
not necessarilt
rcsult in
a
ncr
incr€as€ in rcvcnoc. If the
price
rais€ rcsulrs in
a decreasc in mail

volumc,
a5
!hc
anicle
clairrjs it
would, rhcn
r€venu€ lo,st_d\r_c to dccrcascd
volur$c
lr1iShl
excccd
revcnuc gaincd
by sclljng srrmps
al
hiShcr
pdacs vnh lcss rcvcnue,
E
\\7drir!
Sk
ts
lor
nrc
G
j.L/GnUT
Tcslt
u\.@.lrctedons.co,1
urox
stoerDd,ltaat
s$aJ
Jw!9m
14t

rnl
s/1t|rs;tuttlrat
.
,tlorrat.
)lt^ud.J3Utsr]",ilttlqcluojo:.pUoP.scqs)u()J'|qtrd
5n:^ud
J(,
s)uru
eqr
)noqr
suortrzll.j:r
;r,,
".1_.U,"
.".,.,
,"1
sr s'qr
)xqt
ir:)rtdr)
!rou
)q
t(IU
roulnr:
s,trJri)r , t)
.rr^raou
.{.:Lj,cno
n)udo
^rJrtqnd
ll
;tqcuns)rd
.rrlluu

r.toqsrrqr
r \v
'spriErs
)r sr
Surrur^uo:>un,rot)rrq)
sr pur
suordrr-rnsst:
p.r"uur:.qn.un,nq
tr-'r)rutr
iLl],{:s
uo
srl:r
1u)tun&r
srql.dtqsr:uxo
:rrqnd
rnrp
:rr,rua::purr
rtqErrrord
Jcrrorrp.
rq. ,unsqr
I
rl),q^1
tq__.renrc
:rrJ,
()scrursnq
)rrt)
.toord
rrllr
sr,drq"rruao,,"""a
o,

prro,r",
lt1u.)rr
'O))
luLd(Uol
sns.ortr
Jo
A!Iquuo,a
.,n
:1"
1"!ror1p.
.!qt
zslrro
Jlqnd
u"qr
alqstgoJd
eJoI,ll
sessel4srlB
elE4lld
ariT
lil!
Lta,
i
8t
'oN
.rNlI^rn9!Y
rhu,s
usrsrs
rd:)x5
rrL
rno rlru

rn*prra,oJ
pw:,." i5#;]:':j:
itunnqrruoJ
.lqrssod
IE
.rl8psr^ur
)snLU
roq)n!
,rn
,tlTEr4J
.sru:lqord
:tEror!
pw
urBls
ur.lsls
rr!!^rll!
pinor
nu.^.,
p,roo,pp".1r,q^
ot
tu.txr
.lI)
.s,(:^Jns
c:lotdur>IEtsod
pur
s.lprus
*)u)pljl:
Jo
suErur
Ict

rurcr.t.t,
ost! plnoqs
roqtnr
rrdt
.s*r::rur
::uddur:s
oi puoas::
lla
rlqnd
rqr
aoq
s.dnE8
rlqr
t ^hs
"
qtn-,p
.a"q,ra_*o,urio.,J
3nu!^)-fEsr8rEl!
:1qin::
rryrrqo ptnolls
Joqrnr
rqr
.sJe
qsltdruo)r!
oI
r^oq! prssnrstp
sdrusuonrlr
fEsnlr
rnoj
:rlr

Jo
qjr.
qqlqlls.
tmrx rorlrnE
cqr
.uoncrou::cp
sltfi^lf,s
Jq)
sslr^3.t
JUA
rSEu)u
cJud
p.sodold
rrp
lEql IU
)f,tn^uo)
rr!)
loqnrr
trlll
f,lol3q
,rlrlrurdFer
oI
.uonuollJtaP
crlr 3sJJ^aJ
ot 5)r:
:u."'-*.
",f
.
o,
n'.;'.;;&;i*'*::T:ilT["]1,H;;::X

nr^
tur^
rq€ror
srrjer
rotnn!
rt|l qrlqa
o)
uorrEJourt)p
r,.o
.ltT",aC'
-'
.r o!r
.ro
s,:rprE€rr
rrErou,
r^ordrur
.,
.,,".j;"j;
;i::^"
.::.,:"Jffi:
:_':
rnr q)_qa
s.
,ll]uno)
a$
hoq8nonp
allu.'nlj
Jrrpllod
Jo
frlros

luJljrl-tr
:-t
ot .np
cq
tq€ru
srurlqold
trfuror!
plrg.os
op
or
Blntdul5u,
r,
pgls?Aur
t,
,.:uou
trrno
,toq
:cutur
ou
.ulqs
w.lsls-:rlwuJnf,
lnry
",
.i;;;;;
j:
r';llt!
tJ s)^rDrtqo
rsol{l.^aqrE
ot.rlums
to"

nr^,1r.^ r,.trlu,
prqlDsrp
lsl r^.t
:nt5rr
Jo
los .l{l
lrJour
tqaordut.
ttrt
,rt"l.rs
:on"._rm,
prE^or
anur^rr
rru
Jrrjoqrpnr
srqddD
.r)^rrs
e4
J-r
ue^r
,(fp.a,q-L
'
'o)
p:,nqqrE:q
rou plnoJ
3Frou.,
ur
ru.s'^oIJ:"""fr11.T":ff;:I;il
,
.'.slsrerDo

.n!pu.q
:r{otduF
guDrrli{uj
:o
,bu:rruJ:
rllerd.ls
8ur^ordu,
lq
.ldurc^:
roJ-spu.
.srqt prE^or.nur^rr
Euolttppr
trqr
ltdd!
ot
p:.!
dllrrur! pFroa
r)ljrf,s
rql
EroLU
3^o_rdu
ro
urErs
r!.rs/G
.ernpf,,
ur^,
Jo l:lr'_rurJ|)
llg}gsrJcu
tou
plnoa

anua^tr1
!o:sEartru
r.u ,
.,(Jpuorrs
trsoqr
I
,{tJzD.dsf,-tt
o^ordrDt
or sdtrrs
34x3
.s.surdxa
fEuonrppx
.nnbrr
sdJr
3r[LtI4J.
]uol!
t5l
'rnuts
rurlsls
.JnprJ
jo
JlErou,
plnor
J]lnras
lnsod
cqt
rxrF ll.{11
ssrt ur.:s pfno6
rr
slNthtneuv

1v/!e
tvtaljjo
oz uol
s^Vssl
fl4.v\6
ilil
busincss xmoUnrs to
shcxr conlccrurc,
anct rhc xrqum€nl
can bc dismisscrl
out of h:rnd.
Tnroios
k)
th( irgunr(nt
s unpfovcn rssumprions.
(hc
nrsr such
issumplion is rhxr
CC o\\'cs irs profir;rbilin
ro irs newl! fcsrorcd p.jti(c
srarus. CCs
pro6r:rbilin.
mighl
b€ due insrcrd ro fac()rs
such as
(hc
ccooun)rc
or
rcgui:rron
cnvironnlcnl-ro

nar,le
jusr
r
fcs,possibiliries.
Morco\'cr,
jusr
xs a
poliljc:ll
ofnccltolder
mjghr l|nJiirh reccive
credit fof :r
prcdcccssor's
accomplishmcn|5,
CC s cucrcnt
profirabilin
might bc duc !o
policics
and acrion5 xr
CC
wbiie
ir
*is
r
public
compint.ln fac!,
j!
is
cnrircly
possiblc
rhar

CC
wxs
more
profirablc
as
a
public
busincss and rhal it5
profiBbili!'is
in dcclire-duc
ro iL5
renrm ro
prilatc
sr.irus. ln cirher c15e. it
would
bc morc rcasoDiblc
ro conctude
rhal
publjc
businesscs
are lil(etl,ro
farc bcrrcr rhan
privarc
ones, mrhcr rhan
the o$cr
va\'
around.
Anothcr
of
the rrFrmcnr's

unsubstantiarcd
assumprions is rhar
CC is
qpical
ofbusinesscs rccehrl)' .eslored
to
pljvate
st,tus. t!
js
enrirel),possiblc
tia!, ro the conr.rq,
CC's
profiLlbiliry
is hjAhil unusuat undcr
lrs
circumsr:nces and
rhrr in mos!
cascs,
profits
sulfcr
when a
busincss rcrums
from
public
to
prjr?rc
smrus.
Thus, befor€ I cao accepr thc
cdirorial s
cooclusion,

rhc
author
must shoq' thlr
CC is rcpresentativ€ of most
busircss€s t}lar r€rum ro
priv:ltc
sLlrus.
Even it mosr busincsses
r.hnt rcrum from public ro privxlc
srarus
improvc *rcr pror'13bili$'
(-fare
bcrier") as
a rcsult, r.hc author's conclusion
t}lrr
pnrarc
busLnesscs as an
cniiic
group
fare
betr€r
rhan
public
ones is lat
too broad. Perhaps
drc most
profisblc
busincsscs arc rhc
ones
th:rr

rcmain
public
ones forever- If so, rhen
the aurhor would necd
to nuro\r' tus
conclus'on rccordingl\',
ln sum, ftis argument
suffers
f.om cwo classjc reasoning naws:
(1)
a
correlation
bcr'wecn rwo drings
(in
this caset
priva(e
owncrsNp
ard
profir2bili.y)
sufiiccs to p.ovc
a causc-rrd-cffcc.
r€larionship and
(2)
wirar
is
true for on€ mcmber
of a
group
(in
tlns

case, businesses rcsrored ro
pnvar.
own€rship) is
so rrue for rhrr
Eroup
ar a
whote.
f
the aurbor wishcs
ro
convince m€
of
his
sw€cping
conclusion, mrher rh;lr) rclyirg on va8uc ard
scant informariofl abour
one
porenriall]
irnreprescnritive busincss, the
author
should comparc rhe
profirabiliw
of
public
businesses
as a
group
wirh
-
thar of

privarc
businesses a5 1
group.
I\RGU}.4ENT I\O. JJ
.'Avoiding
a
Shortage of Trailed
Engileers
This editorial poin6
our thar in rl*
pasr;
fte majoriry of cnginccrs in'
this
countn havc comc
from univcrili€s bur lhir rhc numbcr of
univctsirl"aged pcoplc
Ln this country is bcSirning to decreaic-a lrcnd L.rrat
thc cditorial
s
aurhor
beuevcs
will
continuc
tor thc rcsr of
thc decad.
dDc ro
2
currcnt
dccLinc
ir high school enrolmcnr. The auilor reasons that thc

nrtion
Ivill
soon bc shon ofrr:rLined
cnAinecrs, then concludcs lhat educxlion
pctcrsoi\
a
\v,ltini
Skttls
Iot
irc
GRI/GAIAT
Tcsts
ttuQctefo^\ctm
utoj
suotrata4.ntdrn,
@
aqt rol
r 45
Supp^
qtal
!vt{'n?
>q
)snur
tu:(rJrur^pt:
r>rfi
rot
slururrrnb)
(z)
pur:!rrr
ptlqJ

lEr>ll[
')t(lrprojlr
.poo$
or
ss.rri.^!q
rsnur
l.
itrlurt
plrr
:Eru
s)slrrr!f,s
ro,
rspro
rr, (l)
'{r
'sr'rrrr
r'tq)
rrqunl
or
'r{rl.
,qr
')r.J
srgr
uo
p.srg
sr:rr'r
,,ru,
,.u'tuo!"*
o^
s))trtrr

ur,{)
roqtn!
oa
o)
oe
lo^\
rsnur
s)qn*o.
*q,
,"".",1'ol";"fi:
[]ll,i;.,:".t
slsFualrs
Jo
uaJpIF{:)
roJ
aJr)
./(DO
iltI
69
'oN
.Nrwneuv
'u!s!.'q
rq
rruo prpro^E,q
ulr
rurlrrp
,u,
,"u,
oj[jfi*1 *
ss)u!^rtD)dLUor

)Julouo):
s.uonlu
3r
l:l ll*.r
B,,'oB
:urlcrp
;;
;.#;'jr;fl::;ff#:il
,T';?i:l
rrp
1.'I
93uJpl^r
J)DJq
)pl^ord
tmu
ii
ss)It,.,no.,a
srr.ddr
rr'ldr:rrlE
po
roFnr
tql
luswni''
rtq
Drsloq
:c,,r,L'
,,r
."
€urpu.ir
uon"'"o,

o,,".]jilo]}.T,:#:1.'_"T::;*
-
.rr
El rr{r
rot
rrorrpuor
,Essrr)u
r sr
r:uloJ
rq.r
)sqr
Jo'$truor
tEuU
sJoqrn!
:lB
Jo
TErFdrj
prroa
rtn
Lr
^rnqEl,\
ar
o*
,**ot
**t'
t
'eslarJlrro
'rqdrsrrEu'
'qr
u))alq

drusuonEpr
rrrglpu! *l-
11nt"'o'
s
uoD?u
sl1]r
Jo
Jr^'l
)rl)
srrru,su'
prurur
Jo
llddns
^l-1ltt
"
qo'o''3
osTE
rs.nE' roq)n!
Srn pu
ry
uon
r:
np: p:sr:,,_l
;.;';]lTfi
I,
il:1'.
:;
Jff
i.
"

",
p.n!r.rr
Jo
rrddns
:,rruru
.lEnb5pc
u,
:r
'1s5q
rt )lqruonsrnb
s!'serqsu:
.sE.rJLn
rsnuJ
uorrru
s*,
,*
"oolt-T
or'pJo
t'l
SqpunJ
oolrlrnp.
::.:i:ti::l
r,;;i;.i' !#
il::;"?,:,"#:,,L
j'',T:'::
-rJqlts
in'lur
fFna
lJ:^
rq3rur sl:o('.r8uf,

.1" "11'1 u"","r.""r ;,,;;";
j'ffj;H;'jTj.Jffi
;I
uoDlrnpr
fEultoJ
trr{1
Jo
Au.r\TFr
!
ro
,.pr;
s'r,,,"'r-
ur p" ;
";';;;";
;
"*
sqor
3up>ur8ur
.ror
.Idord
.rr_r
o
_a
rrq
rssod
r.r
s,
oua,,.*."
;":J,%;l'rT,?t;ffi
*}tr

1Jl
3s!:rr.p
!
q
llnsor
lna
3ldord
pr3x,r$
.*.,".p
",",1,
.r,,rr ,,.,
"d;#H
:l?";
#f
;1T;*
"
i::":1'111:-'t"".1":,",r", *'fl
;fr
#;'.::H;!;::*::
::ffi
,".T;i#T"TJ,ff
::I:;T:,T
;*
J*;##i
r'-rsr€srqor
Jo
xnsq
ur
or
sdrqrad

:np_ro:LD.n.*,
1*q".
iaq
sffi]
)trdstrp
!trspr:rr'
u.^.
Jo
'fo
pa.]l
tqSrur
:
ro
11rs,,
r<!^c,,q3-,,;,;,":;"il',';1,1'#:li::il::il:#
sIu]
to
reqr[nu
3qt
rn
,sEJrJ.p
prnlmuo:)
looq:s
qalq
q
ar.n:.op,"#i;
;il*T:::"jJffi:"'+'l:il-*
'rs5q
)! moljrds
sroJcrrrp

sl
plr|:
srtr
:
j:j::yt".',";;;';',;,;-;:ill?.'j"j;':'::;",:'fr j
rnr."rr
ot
s,
uotrru
*.ra
Jr
,fnrnl
.r".r n
,**.;;;
stNS|,,\lnedv
1vr\g.tvlclijo
oz
iloj
s
VSsl
l.td,.{vs
midc
more
ncxible
so
thxt
childrcn
of
Prc'school
ngc

clo
sPend
3 siSnificanl
ponion
of
crch
di!
s irh
xr lcxsr
onc
Prren!
Ncnhcr
:tsscflion
js
Paniculrdy
convincinE.
rnd
considcrcd
to8ethcr'
thc\'rr(
clcn
lcss
pcrsuasivc
:rs
discussed
bcloN
A
thrcshold
problc
\'ith lht

iLrStrmcnl
is
lhrl
it
hils
Io distinFuislr
'
becwccn
scicntisls
wiLlr childfcn
1nd
thosc
vilhour
childrcn
A
scicntist
s'illr
no vounS
childrcn
obriousll
h:ls
no
flccd
Ior
di-\'-cirrc
s€rviccs
or
for
." _r4""t n1.t,
ttqui'ements

that
accommodatc
rhc sPeciil
intetcsts
of
p:lrcnls.
Thus,
thc
author
musl
nlftos'borh
conclusions
so
rhat
thel
rpPl)
only
ro scienlisls
vitb childrcn
Consideri!8
rhe
xuthor's
fi$t
2ssenion
sPin
ftom
Lhe
*-"0
"ll-'^lt-
audor

fails
ro considcr
tnd
tulc oLr!
othcr
oplions
for
ensuring
proPcr
care
ror
,.ian,iro
anifO,.n
a*i"8
the
!'ork&v
For
insoncc'
a scientis(
vhose
sPousc
(or pattneO
has
timc
dunng
'acn
or\'Io
sPcnd
wrth
$cir

child
mish(
lery.wcU
).oL.
to'o-ott'ot"
drJ
c're
Be'rdc5
rnan)
s(ienrisr-Parcntr'
rncruoug
."""*r.o*."i
".'.t*",
mig}rt
hxve
friends
or
reladves
$/ho
c'n
providc
child
.rc. Thus.
to thc
cxlent
tir

sc'ent$ts
nlvc
othcr

opions
ro
cnsurc
day
c c
fo!
their
children.
rhe
?uthor's
lt$I
con.lusion
is
unw
Ttnlco
A5
for
rhe
2uthor's
secono
asscrdon'
considered
scP'_rr!€ly
ftom
thc
filst
on€,
tbc
xuthor
ftils

to
cxpl
n
vhl
il is
impontnt
tot-t *
t.r.*t.
,.,
""t.
.n
drcn
of
scicnlists
in
PaniculI'
ro
spcnd
a signillcant
ionion
of
ctct
daY
wift a
parcnt-
bckin8
a convincl'rg
explanaion'
I
camror

acccpr
ttre
authot's
asscrdon
lhat
carccr'advanccment
requremcnrs
-*r-o.
nr^d.
morc
fl€xible
mcrcl)'for
thc
s'ke
of
allowit8
signilicen(
parcnt'child
conoct
each
workdal
-
Consideritg
thc
tNo
assenrons
rogeller'
howeler'
tit
"lry.Tl

bccomcs
cvcn
lcss
conviicinS
ln cssence'
thc
second
x5senion
scrvcs
to
;;.;.
rtrc tlrst
onc
ll
the ctritdrcn
of scientists
spend
sicrificant
rime
each
dry
q,ith
a
Plrent,
without
comPromise
to
ihe
sci€ntist-Parent
s

c?rccr'
then
all'day
child
catc
worro
secm
u'neccssalv-in
dircct
contradiction
to
*rc
authoris
first
assenion
Thus'
*tc
author
musl
eitier
reconcilc
thc
two
ass€nroos
or choose
onc
asscdiofl
ovcr
the
othc.

]n
a notshell,
the
ar$rment
is
not
onlt
Poorl]'supPofted
but
arso
paBdoxical.
lcfore
I can
ettner
?gfee
or
disxSrce
v',ith
ihe
author's
firs!
'
assenlon,
I
would
nccd
ro xioq
whll
perccnllse
of

*'*tl::.::
prc schoor
chndren
i.
*.',,
r:1:1,:l"t'
J:','"lil,:'#,::::
i1::
tflsicd relalives/friends
who are
arar
;.'";.oini-
;;;;
th€
author'sc€ms
to rer)'
on
ccnzin
nornxtivc
;il;;
i".t
o-t'tt-o
rctaiionships'
lssuroptions
that
thc.aurho'
docsn't
begin
ro
address

but
must
do
so
beforc
I
can
?grcc
wirh
llrc
asscftion.
Moreovc.'
the
arErrmenr
a5
a
wholc
is iliogiczl
on
i$
face
B€forc
I
-"
O.ra
- !!kc
it scrious\"
thc
anthor
must

cihcr
abandon
onc
or
tllc
orhcr
?sscnion
o'
exprain
whv scicntis6
a5
"
s"'p
'"'*":
id]i:t T^t:
"
"t
*t
*.y
-t
spend
siSninc"nt
tirDc
crch
da-v
vith
thcir
Pre_scnoor
.it
or

-o
* ,n'
srme
time
havc
!e!dv
acccss
to
2ll-dxv
child
care
.htu.pdnb,Biof,
r-ia'<nz*
*5a
-
'ruru
s,l.uortp)
)rtr
rnoqr
.unl
ur
.pun
:rnrrtsrrrt
.qr
lo
srDUo!d
Ddord
rrtr^)noqE
ru)uripnl p>u_jroju,
ur

rlrur
I
ptnor
uo,rrluror-ur
srqr qIA
prqlr
^luO.
surrtqord
ra{ro rs)qr
ss)rppE
ot prp))u
sr slrnr
s.rrrurlsl3el
rqr
ro
uorl
_roo
lrqa puc
srtrrl rrnrtl.6:l
eq)
ru)toord
nrnn,"r^
^ou1
o,
priu
o.1"
ptnoa
J
.uo€rr
5(Il

rnoq8norgr
s!ru?nb.
ruosqo:a
:tp
;o
r':irc :u,
^o*
o,
o.
"u-
,:::f H
:f"'.T:iJ,r""il
_nt
aqr rrEnly^,
J?nrq
oJ
uoFu.n!
;lqErprsuo)
s,rnlllsrarlarlt
ru:r!
tou
op uls!ppu!
pu.l
iqp)ts
trLrJ
tEqt
,rrn^uor
o)
sllrj puolr:
.!D

.rrrns
ur
'srruaopurl
pur
slJllrcl
l}uoflrr
Jo
suonD?d
.,p
or
puods:,
or
uojlr
pLrx
curr 3lqrjrprsuor
gqto^trp
u! prlj]lsnl
pra
ur:as
pynoaremrrls€:1
rrJ
.sruo
luelor^
Bqpnl)tn
truruJ <nouf,s
erouJ
.rrJu
rLIdru
lLtTrJx pw
LUslrEpuE

:gr
,o<ry.s:ruao!ut1
p*,r.*1
puolA.r'
Jo
poorfi.^I
3rI
ot
1lerqt
moues
x
s.sod
Jt ]rq)
j^rsrnj)d
or.rq
IfSIIIJ
tuitqord
rtF
.rs.38ns
JorInE
,qr
sr
u.rqfrpll|l^ ,Ora"
,]._ go
s1*pp_
sa^to^uJ
/lJlrrrqr3l
urrtqord
5rn
I

u"^g
fEullri
.,
*:1qord
rrrmpw^
p'n
Eqt":rs
rmt
:r'1r
rlqr
Joord
ou
s.Iatdns
,.,ar."
;
,".";"-"'
.slllrlqord
snou)s
.lour
01 l]opuf,!!
nr
Jo
osu:dxa
.\r
lE s:Irror
rlJsJl:pux^
lm{
ol uonu.rtr:
s rrurls.€cl:qr
trll.t

aru
aJrn^uo3
rorrufr.
rq
,JjuJpr^.
Jo
uos
''rqr
s.llddns
roqrnn
,q]
lrun
.r_.1qora
lo
s3dA.Vroq
ss:rpp!
o) .utrt
lu.rrrJFsur
slq
rmrllsrflt
.qt
trrF arurpr^l
ou srtddns
roqrn!
.tLL
iluslllpu!^ IruJ s! qJns
.surelqord
sno!?s
ssel
.rrqto

rmrltsl:el
:qt
t,uplnoqs
lqa
3urlo!^
pux
.qr,
.dL_rr"q"n
,'lq prn€lld
!.rJ
-rn
sl
uorger
slrll
rEr!
lurrxou,
.qr
roj
3urunssg,
nortrsod
qq
uoddnsor
sf,nsDlts
errrur
IJEqrn
uo
llol.(u
lpr
llqrDosE
r

)ouuEtr
roqtnr
lrP puE
.uo6
s,qr In
rxJlqorcJ
:.:j::
,
,':*:
s-ruru)
rclr].Ijlqjn,s
r!
l!q)
rusue.,r,.J:;1U
^t)nftt
rq
or s!.dd!
uo6rJ
stqr
,]ruo)rp?
rqt
uo p)srg.uor8rj
s.:rruEls!8rl
snn
tn urtqord
E
sJsod
oslr
s.prr
rn

.Jurlor^
pur
auru: go
aJrld
;t{t
lrq
uondonsft
ll:TFrn
:r{r
uo
scrcj
ruaurnSrr
:q:
.qrr.,k
L€rq
o1
ru)um&!
.ql
gurulrf,prm
llft.ldrlloJ
.lrq1r8o,
p.rrp1*o.
.11T '"iu T *,
,rEr'r ra^.aoq
ruD*s
rssorr
;r, ;d";;;;
rq:,u-rur'rnsjr
sr'!r
.Drr!6

rsru rv.s5tlp
6,uopru
snn
rn ectl,1o4
pur:uru:
Jo
:isEtd
:c:rrrD
E
cr:rr roqrn!
3r!
turrrp
srur
uoddns
oI
.;.,;;
r jrur5dJt
ftn
luro
rou op snqr puE
fq^rD
rrE
.r_f
qora
,n
f
".fr'._r"p
.
roi:.r
)r'l-!

rD6or3
fEUoIA.r
Jo
spteg-3L.
durEr
pw
-:3yno; pu,r
s:laurts
-
8r: ,:r
.:f,uj
gurt)td
ruo_{
nsuolour
r.t:
p';
r,i;:,
''q!r,rE!
:u:ds
s,q .Itullsrs.r
',l:liil:ilff"J#,"tr
Ix
j:
r_.:c r::)d
ot
)r rods-Jr
t'l
rre
rno
glnod

lEuolrp)
srvl
Jo
lolt']n!
:'!tI
EsnEpur^
lrad
Jo
EeIqoJd
erp prrc
s3lr-rJogd
J^lElqdef
[l
.oN
rr€wneuv
r\).,
ttroett.)4irn
El
slN_ir'tn9ajv
lvt Jg
.tvt3lljo
0z uoj
sAVSg
:'byts
trtal
JYt(r/na!
aqt
)o/
t11!4s
auuPAl

JIIT
{l
| |
Ancur,,rrrvr
No.
74
ll
I |
$'iI rhc
Seaucl
lo a
\.isr:]
Srudios Movie Bc Profitrblc?
This m:rlxzi.c
ir(iclc prcdicr5
rhrr rlrc scqucl
ro a
ccnajn
\'isq
Srudios
movic
will
bc
p.ofiuble- Thc adicl€
s aut}lor bascs
this
prediction
on
the facr
(hat

a se;cs ofbooks bxsed on char,lcrers from the firsl movi€
arc consistcnl
bcstscllers
in loc:ll
booksto.cs. I find this
Drcdiclion
dubious
for
scvcml
rca50ns
To bcSin
with. VisI, prcsum:rbh phns
to rclcase lhc sequ€l
lo
a
vidc
rudicnc€, not
just
to mcmbcrs
oI
tl)is
loc
jq
. If so, iI s€cms
Ioolhard) lo
make
lny
prcdictions
abour thc
sequel's

Scncral
popularjF'bascd ot
thc
apprrent intcrcsts of ooc communiq.
ln addition, tbe a4lumenl dcpends on the rssumpdon
!hx!
rhe
books'
populariry
is duc.o thcir cha!'rctcrs. Ye! the.rSumcnt
docs not
rulc out
oLhcr
possiblc rc$ons for thcir
topulariq',
such as
plor
lincs,
illust.atjons, or
evcn
prjcc. lf ir rums ou( that thcilr
popularity
is duc ro some
featurc lxcking
in
thc two movics, thcn t}c autl1or's
prediction
would amounl to
littlc morc
than

conjccture.
Even
?ssuming thai thc
books
popuiariq'
is due !o
thcir cha$clcrs, I
would remain skeptjcrl
,tbout
tlc author's
prcdiclion. Thc movic
scquel
mi8ht coniin diJfcrcnt cla-ractcr:. in
n'hich
casc iI may
vcry
wel]
disappoini
a( rhc box-omcc,
dcspirc ihc
succcss of
lhc
books
al]d $c
fi.rst movic. Evcn
if the scqucl contains tlc s.fnc ch ?c!ers, this fcit\rre
in its€lJ rniEhr
not
sullicc io draw la!8e
xudicnces

Consumcr irlc.esl ir
rhesc cheflcter5
miBn
alrcadl
be
saliatcd, or thc scqucl mi8hr simplt no! be
xs
Sood
a5 rhc
lirst
movic
ard
*)c books. ln either cvcn!.
rhc etrhor's
predicdon mighl
very
wcll
not comc to
pass.
-
.
Firaly, in
prcdictin8
ih3r the
sequcl
wcu bc
p66tiblc bccausc
the
books
arc

popular,
thc author arsumcs thar
a poPular movic ncccssafil)'
trlr.ns a
proilL.
However, cornmon scnsc and obscrvadon
tell loc
thal movic
profits dcpcnd nor on-ly on box-officc lttcndzrtcc
and video salcs
(that
is,
popularit,
bur also on cos6 as
'wcll.
Thus, thc sequ€l
m.ighi
tufn oul to bc
popular
bur urprofi
I!b)c.
ln sum, the
predjcdon
j5
brscd olx scanr
cvidence
allcl unproven
.lsumptions rd
js
thclcfdre Bnlamount

to merc specu.ladoo.
Beforc
alrceulS ihal thc sequel
B'iLLbc
popuiar, ict atonc
profiLabie, I
would
requirc
bcrcr
proof
that
wharcvcf
fextucs
aicaq'-rt for tlc bopks
poPulatjry io-da
.also
dl?s/ larSe irowds to scc thc movic
sequcl. To obtdn
this soft ofproof,
I would nc€d lo sufley rcadcrs of
t}le book
to dcternine thc book's
aPPeal
?lld of course scrcen
lhc scqucl to sce
whcrhcr or not i! holds
similar
?ppcrt.
P.te66s
'

lvrlting
Skllh
for
tlt-
'
GRE/GIUT Tesls
t"u1sr.e,nd
non'
-r r.t
r,,rt
r^"rrrrt'"'l
tnll?(r"i
@
J'tq"d
':
Jo
?ir^\
/iq
sdrqr:d_
.)urp,^:)
.qr
ru unift
)q)
r:)sroq
".
",^.,
j,"1:.:lll^1d
rsnlr
rotrrn,:
s.oLU.'ru

f
,s,:(,
'.E:r nr
.:rq!(u.,,"",
., ".,"'".,J":J1T,
1L
ilil"l1:li,
l;"
".
:, q J
s.;urdLuo.):qr
,!ur:urqgg,
,,
onr,
'::
r
,.,,.'
u,"o
rx:llJ,u:
.ili;:i::J::X;:i[l:
roqrnr
s.otu.r!
.qr
.srtqrrJo
,por
!
"rEr1:
mF".r.
":"a*",
,t,:uqnj

.i
S_
-pururl!o):r
lrr
.puor.S
.shods:
llrldu
rxrp.splo,r
rlqnd
n! rr*
n^,u,
n,"]^""'"ll;Jll::'i.1Tjjfi,lj$::
alnouro,
.q)
s.'.ruur
r!l_r4clrrq
ur^!
ro
1)ro*
.,
."",,
,q"_
#r"j,,,.,
T -::j :]
.58rur
)qqnd
sluEduo)
:xp
rlsroq
or

i,lls
prno^!
u8rxdujll
.tI]
rrq)
loDl]rJrlrsnt
rnoq'a
s.umssf,
Jc
r,"rrq.a
p.p"l-*"".;:; "il':ru.;
"ff;;,'!
ffi
",
.scLm
nl
or r5rurcp
srrr
lpru'
uxr
,, lln"to"
tno'
"
uro{
St,'lnstr
srroufr
ro$nr
erp
' pr g
-,t*d*o.

,rrl*du'or
snll
ltrn
htflqtssod
'tll
,."."r,,,.a".",., "i;;;.;;dil1**:
j"'.
jt:H:f
.ff
;:"#
:):Joj
uoos
lruJ
rrtqnd
5rtl_Iltr.lr.8uol
3rF
r!^.
.t"""
prq.**
"
*
,p*.,
.\r!rs(>>u
pFo^\
uorrqo!^
rpns
tDD
tyrr! u^oqs
rolpnr
,qt

srrl
roN
.uosrrj
::^f,lrqa:o_y
,:o:nrduo:
sr
,{q
wqr
;ur:auo:
::,,.l1_::']o."
3por.!
ro
3r,r^r&or
rroru
.q
prnoa
rrq.a
.p
sarq:aa
rO
^urdujor
srln
roJ
,{J]It.
ss.l irr.rs
pF
ur
-!por
rrrqr',
'oru

",;;0"
"; "";';";J::::":1J;jfi:JlH]
Prsodulrr:s
nl r\r:l
)qa!u,
t.'"duor
snn
rrtr'bs(q
ro'
.r"'r":;;;;;;;
:qr
i:pu:r
)q8r@
siruEduror
oar,rp
r
.sluJr
rnqnd
er
or ulxrl
"r
,r.;-
oi"^'"'^'q
strutr)-lllp
'{t)
uruusl
sx
.potr
s,r
'rlo,^

*^
i,l"a_;"
"ui,",;,'#:i':ir",I.iTjr-,fi
*l
,o
.po)
r
31.,'dop!
lnoo"
,".n".
.,,o*n"
#lffJ:ilff',.nn:
ff
rJ:r)p
or
pr.'I[EJ
pu.
{xjun
s!
ADIqnd
slqljo^ryrrn
rg,
pr^.,^,'I).*
.q,
,o
r:
::;irC
aqr
prrouSt
rqqnd

.qr
.aoLa{
5^
JJ'
ro:I
.o8rutr
rrqnd
s.,{uxdruo:)
,.,
ir.r"-q
ltTEruJD
uonur!!
,.rpelu
puE
&Dflqnd
,*rrr.,
O*.""r"*^
)po.
s rororduo)
rIIl'
rc{r
udoqs
1ou
sr\
rorrrnr
:rr5
,erd
ur-s)q
oI
-,"

'sprtls
tr s[
fur:)ui^uof,un
:lo;ct]q'r
sl
pu!
s^r"U
lut ror" ,
irrn:r_
Doru
op
,{rur
lurduror
sII
.srq1,
Jo.potr
x
SlnrO"Or
rO
,"*
,"-".irl
.r.*."
Lp
Dt'.pr^)
s.nrr
uo p)sr0.:por
u^o
s
::::ijT
,.,,,o ,

" .,
;o;',.,"-;J
t,ffi:flj,jfiS.trj'J::
lmlol'oJ
x
lsqt
rno srtnod
Joqrn!
3e
.uors
poJ
Errlgo
.,"
3L.Ddop!
Jo
p!5rsu'
a.n*.1''-"1"
tnr'loadns
o-l'srnr'Jo
unrrlord
ro
ri!'ruodu,.*
iu';*
;-"ll.lTsrssi
pw
ruruuon^u'
'qr
-o*-
"*
**

*o.o;;l;;;;#::.1-!prlqnd
r
rrnpuor
pnoqs
s)rnr
ro
.poo
xo"a*ff
l?ffi:,;T
Jri,T,nerqord
arLL
6l
'oN
$Ewncdv
IIF
H
slNtyln9aJV
lvl^9
-lVl3tJJO
0Z
uoJ
s^V$ji
l-tdr,tvs
[[l
ARGUMENT
I\O. d4
The
Impending
Failtrre of Company
A

Thc
xuthor oI tlris
artcle
ptedicls thc fa,lurc
of Company
A'
i'hich
-
cuEentll
€nioI's
a large 3hare of
thc inrcmational
lidcc8:lmc
markcl
To
iustify
this
prccliction. rhc
aurhor cncs thc
coll2psc
of Comp3n)'
a' a
pioneer
].rld formcr
giant
in
this 6cld
^*'hcn
childrcn
Eres'

lired
of
its
Ptoducis
ln
further
supPofl
of this
Prcdiction,
thc autlror
rersons
lhil
demind
for
comPan]
A's
products must be
neiJl)'
exhrusted
bec:rusc
its
Producls
appclr in
"so
matr'American
homcs
l find drls
argumen!
unpersuasi\'c'
for

scr'cr:rl
rcasons.
To be8in
virh, dre author iSnores
oth€r
possiblc causcs
of
B s co!apse
Just
bccausc
the
collaPsc coitcided
with a
s't-'rit8 intercst
among childrcn
i; ConrPsn|
B's
producrs, it is
uddr to infcr
that
the formcr
is
atrriburible
'
solel,v
to thc hn€r.
Thcre
2re a myrixd of
other
possible contdbuting

catses
of
Bt
collapse-n
ging
from musSemcnI'problcms
tc! rc8ulatoD
clrangcs
tp incicasirg
competition.
lf it tums out
that ComPxn-!
B s
coliapse
wxs
not
due. entircly
to the
wanin! inrerest
smon8 childrcn
rn
B's
products'
then rt'
would bc h.5q'to
assume
thlt ComPzn) A
s'ill
nccesssrill'fril
should

ir facc
sunilrr
s.Iu't
dem,nd.
Turnitg
ncr-t
to the ir.formation
about dcmxnd
for ComPinf
A's
Sames'
-
thc
mcr€ fact
that Compan-\'
A's
products
lppeat in
"so
man\"
American
homcs
lccomPlishcs
littlc toq'ard showing
wrning
demand
for
jrs
Products
lct

alonc
toward showiiS
thlt thc comPan!
will
fiil
To be8'in
vith
the term
'so
mtn]'
is loo
vxgue to bc sBlisticxll-v
mcxringful
Even
if b! so
mxn\'"
thc author
mcans
'nexrlv
all,"
pc.hips a$on8
A nericans
the dcmxnd
for
morc.ev
ComPrn-\',4.
Eamcs
is
stron&Mo.eovcr,
tty: lurbor

ignores
for€iAn
.
mdkeLs,
which
rnjght
account
for a siEniJlc.nt
ponion of
CompanJ
A s sales'
. Thc
gcatcr
the demand
outsidc Americx,
thc less
like\' Company
A
witl fail
'
Even
zls
firin8,
for
the
sake
ofargumenl,
thar demmd
for Compan)
A s

producls is neail]' ex.hausted.
this
facl
vould no! ncccss^nl)r
spcll
tn€
demisc
of
Company A-cven
rf
rt did for Comp'nl'
!
For
all
we
knos
,
CompanY

h?s
Dxny othcr
Incs of
producrs and/or senices.
\virosc
l)roli!2biLio
cnsurcs
the comDanY's
survival
despite
the failurc

of its
vidco-8amc
I'nc
For
that
martcr,
pcrhaps Compxnl
A hrs
an cxceptionrul
tllented
m:rn:tgem€nt
rcrm
sun'el-thal
tbc competitor's
codc
vjolrtion
i,. frct scn-cd
lo
r:rmish
its
lons-tcfin
public im:rgc.
Tlrc iutbor must
also sho\'tlrit
dlis comP:rn)-rs
lilch
(o
liolxtc i(s orvo codc
and ihat !h(
Yiohlion

would bc likel)
to do
long-tcrm htrrn
to i(s
Pllblic
imigc. To motc fr]lli
dcrcrnrinc
tlr( likclihood
of
slch
bi.m.
I
*'ould nt(d Io comP.fc
Ihis comprLnl
s
Prospcctive
codc
s'nh
rh( olhcr
companl's
codc. I
pould
rlso nccd
to
asscss thc
intcgrir'Y of
dris
compan!
s kct dccjsion
makc.s. Finall\',

r
public-oPinjon
5un'c!
s'oukl
hclP
mc
detcrmine
vhat
q
pcs
of
policies,
or combinxtioo
of
Policjcs
sould
mosr
lii<cl)
cnlrancc
this compan] s
Ptrblic
image
Pcrrso,'s
,
\t dfi'q ShttLrfol
tbc
GI?E/GIAT
T.SIS
.u"'u.pctnot.com
E:: I

Pcc
,.t)
.t
oJ
rt
t:1
\^
nr t
r
tJrl
::
*-u,
ur.
s!^ort
$rud
)r{r
aurrrurl
.snrll
.r,,ur
srur)
ror
srJuct
;:,,'#3i'-:'J1",llJ;,li-Li,ijll:l'
"'^"'
;,,^.
.,.;;;.'-;i,,,,:,;
.,u:-Jdmb,
p'"'o,_,,".,
.,.^;";:;"!H':il:"i:::;li:;il;.:;
sr:::. <loolrl^o

lorltn.
lqr
,sssirrrLr
: ::
.i::11,.:
-*"':
-"0
,""
,""-
lilo.,iil
::J,::';i:Tj;H:::
l l". ll"q'l
Bunuojd
err
srraor8
eqr
r.qr
s:rtdu,
;lq"g,,*lun
pro,,rD
:qr
'sr.^!or3
lql
ol
paJrrl
rq
u.)
strsE3.
pur,:Jud
rql

o^"
o,no^.r"t
t'ud
'qr
r
u.^3
',{rprELI
llil'*
.'"^'.,,
oo*,,o,.,
n"
.
",
.ilt;,:Ti:f
,'
;1,'"iili,t:ilff;i
'uo'rrtrur
))ud.qr
roj
)lqtsuods:r
p!31
:. :'l':
"1"''a"q"a
.*"si'.;,li;:';;,;:"ff
:"]^;ililX':l:
oq$
$)aorff
mrrl
sr
)r

lcqr
s.ornssE
lmsEr]
ool
toenr
II
.lrDuor)e
.
.)rrxr
ur^r
rou
rq8rur
urclqord
Bqrgd
pr:jds:p,^
r
i::,ra
tt
9.nrg
srlrtp
IfE
ru)srd.r
/FIE
uosEer
rtruJ
m']rtr
ITIJo
uoDrod,arq
rrr^,,og,-wo
rllos

loj
ro
lcrrElrl
1r
plos
,mqr-lp!tr5p,*o.u,_^";;,.;-;,.:.]:i:'#.'l;ilH:'ffi
lii
iJJ.:fi::iJHH:ar***t,'-'
1o
",,,a
^o,"a
.^
n",o3
,*,,
uondLs.n'sa,,^-a,
.,r,
;;
;r:]';;il#",'_'i;'1""ilT*,*
'strJds:r
Jrjr^f,s Ln
Brnf,ur,\uolh,r.rllnfr",,r-oq,."
.r,-q].:3_.r
-rlqCord
sln qjnr
or r.E\ro
ur prpa:u
.ll_sgJrqr
crr1Aors
;::1ff
',1

J:.*lil*"ilffi
'"S;;:''*'*'''ru^
.rq
,uon"r'r.,
.ror<!od.rr
)rE
,-a
,,-1 ,r-,-",,,.,
'oi-
t-u
"""nt"
rrpd
'e
ro;
))u
J,,
rurarLn,
r,
cq,
suosr,r
,.*;'
jff
:::*'.',iX:';:H*,.:,:
'^nrr)
Stnaol€
rol
:tqEo^xlm
u.:q
rf,rEE
lo

)uo
lJUo
rl.,
,.0
ao"a.o
,*o
.ur'r.^"
"34
'qr
stq
sm'(
u!^trlc
lsed
ct4
;!r u
d
uour.
r'" r.rn,
",",n,*
"_"#';il,i""H]::,fi,T:t
**
suoura-I
Jo
acFr.I
ErnrsJetsl
arll
69
'oN
rNlrYneuv
mI

):tD !apt
rr'j
or srola ruror
n, sr^.x6r,{r:u.:'*"#:iltr:,
T:# ::J:
[,*,rT::::ffi :1"x"'"";xH:ni*.T^i.i"_ #""."d.:
ITii:S5i,:,::.';,fi#n1:.FJr
X*[tjxn::
i'
Y:l?
rfr:1j i:.1,#:Ii,:,,
::f**r,;,x;;:i
[;,","f
i
j"Ilfl'"""i,"#fi
"H.,."':"tr"-il*:,:tifi:;
o<,
o
n,'Ed,uo,
.*
^#HJ;"Ji'?:',ilTi;i.j;'fr,1ff
l:
slN3l^n9dv.tvn5
tvJ3tJJO
OZ
uoi
s^Vssl
J]dl
tvs
lil

Ancuurm
Rel'e.sirtg
rcsult
in forcing
thcm
our of bDsh(ss-:t
rcsrrll thit
is clcrrl) at odds
silh
rhc
Foxl
of.nsuring
srrblc
cir.u\
pri.cs lor consunrc.s.
Finrll\'.
in cliinrint thxr th(
prl)posc(l r!,:ol;rlions
ir( ncccssrq lo crrrh
pricc ,ocrcxsrs, lhc
rtrhor,Snorcs
()th(f
t),)r'sibl(
nrc;rns, such
rrs lirrtrr
subsidies.
ofrchielinA thc srmc objcctn'c.
ljntil thc
xulhc,r rLrlcr out
rll

olh(r
oprions. I simpl!
cannot acccpt thxr strjcr
pricing rcgultlioni
arc ncccssiq.
ln
i
nutshcll,
tlrr cditorial is
vlrolit
uoconrincin8
ns
ir sl:lnds. To
bolsrcr
th( irgumcnr for stricr
Pricing
rcauhlions
on
Srovcrs,
tlrc
xtithor
musr sufpl! b.rrcr
f!oof
of rn upu.ud rrend rn
rll ctru:fnrir
Priccs
olrhc
growcrs' accouDIabiliq'for
thxl ltend, and of
,r trul) erccssivc

profi( for Ibc
growcrs as a rcsult of thrl
lrend. A
propcr assessmcnr of
the sudror's
rccomm€ndation
would rcquirc a rcliable stxtisdcal
studl compa.inS
cirus
Frowcrs
costs
witb
ihc
prices thq bxle ch:rr8cd ovcr
tllc hsl dccadc
and
comparirS
thosc sl2ristic$
s'ith
citrus-fruil
Pncirg
bl
reLailers 4
a
Sroup
Onll'rhcn
could I determine
wherher
widesPrcad
pricc inflalion cxists

and.
it so,
which
Sroup
is responsible for
jt-:rod
thctcb] dctcffninc
whcthcr or
nor the
proposcd rcgulalions make scnse
No. 93
a Decline in Adwertising
AppUcations
to
I{MTI/
Thc author of rhis
ediro.ia-l concludcs
that local lclcvision
channel
KMT\'should
sbjft
jts
programmjng
focus !o
fming issucs
in ordcr lo
sdmulate
KMTV
advcnising appljcaljons,
wlich dec[ncd

in numbcr
lasl
vcar. Thc ?utlor bascs
this conclusion on.a repon
bY
l nearb)'ro\tns
iclcvision sr2tion,
KOOP Ihat
advenisinS lpPlications
to KOOP
irlcrcascd in
numbe|qrhen
KOOP rook sirnrlat
rction. Assurning
Lhai KOOP
s r€Pon is
rruc and
iccurrte, 1 nevcfthcless flod
the author's
xrgumenl unconvincinS
in
To bcgh
with, the surgc in applicaiions
lo KOOP
wrs
nor
necessarily
duc ro
KooP's-progrrmming
chrnge. Pcrhaps

KOOP
also lowcrcd
iLs
-
adveitising fecs
around the same !ime; or
Perhaps
a competinS
telcvision
srarion
incrcased
l}reirs or\vcnt our ofbusiness,
Any one
of
a host ofpossiblc
cvcnrs such
rs thesc miSh! explxin
$; surge
in aPplicrrions.
Thus,
rhe
aur}lor should
cmul:tjrs !iOOP
s
pro8i:mmns.

Asidc
from.whethcr"
rOOe s
.liogrammlng

'change
was in facl
rcsponsiblc
for
(he
incrcasc
in number of
aPPlcaljons
io KOOP'
$e
€djroria-l's
author
a5sumes withoul
iustificltion
that
Xli{Tv
!'icwcrs
would
bc
inr.esied
in
prolrnms
about
famjng issucs-
IJ i( tums oul
rha!'
as a
Sroup'
thcy
are lcss intefcsrcd in

farming than in
KMTV s cuffent
progffnrnin8'
ISIT\'s
vtcwcrstup
miSht
diminish id
size and,
as a rcsult,
the number
of
applications
to KMT\'
ntgll
acruall)' dcctease.
f'ct
othcr
Problcm
with
tbc
argument
is ils implicatjon
thit thc
proposed chao8c
is tb. on\'
s'r)
K1\4Tv
cxn
sdmulxtc
advcnisin8

ulL!.fictc60B.co'n
P.tnso,
s
'
\vrltin!
Skltb
Jor
tbc
CRtr/C^UT
Tcsts
a.I
).1s its
lulryAl
r' 8ur^\.rq
,itr)snt
o) r):
prno^\'0Hr{
nurpnr,ur
.,i,.af,,q
;u,,"r,
1l,?:Jlj:i;:T"J':lHH:
ptno^\
srtnsli
;r^rns
.rll
u)qr
.:rur
,q
or
rno

urnr
souEu:rs
:slqt
l{r
,rou
ro
.uoJl
rr
pi)ils'p
ificr>u]a
r.:q
suolx]^\ol
s,BHh- p.ur
oq^ srolrsl^
sdrqrrd
lutr^:
tul:
ul
.srs)nb:r
lr:(]t
SL-'.r]jEr!
groJ:q
srqt
Jo
p.luroJrrr
err^t
srotts!^
pE
JE:l
rftl uroor

Sunsu
er rr
ltl:
rr
D.r.Jo
ro
.ial
roj prDJo
gHJ,{
.d?b
,(po:rjr
rq
rqSru r:rq
f,uolrlaot
!:!r!!
rrtll
roj
.sr!)q
r:q)o plrsrnbrr
srolsr^
Jo
lluolDlu
rJr!3rs
ur^r
uE pur
lrrq
.uo
urqt
.roru
,tsrr

or
lst
L'l)
sroris'^
aonrj
r^!
llr
roj
!tr^)^toH
.srtr5q
raqro
r.^o
r q
.uoEJ.^ol
rsEltrrnd
ol
DJ.rd
lIFrurE
ptno^
D:q
3uoFlaol
s,BIlX
rtelt
ot
p.)isE
oqa
$olisr^
9IJ1,,1
orp
.dno:B

E sD
.tllF
s! uotdrrnssr
qrns
rautotrv
.lp/d
sE rlqlrrJnrn
p:u.,:rp
.q
tsnrD
elrs.r
,soqr
uo
ptrsrq
uorsnlf,uor,(ur
ueq)
lJns, !
ft JlqlJl]Jun
:,q
o:
)no uJru
nJns)r ltrrns
)Ln
Jt toqorF
Jo
rtnrolrrr
ruE!!lTu8,s
!
prlunsuor
prq

l:W
Jr
tmi:cdqe
,:r.r,r
psrs.nbrJ
prq
lrqr
rEq,{ urrofuo}
3^Eq
tq8nu
nsrplrods)r
{r m.
tftx.}sEJ
cqr rq
lou,{!u
ro,l"*,1'11
.,rpr"-rr"
.r nU.,
,,:::
p:uo&r
s:uf,puodsr
l'^jns
eqr
rEl].r sr uoDdurnssE
qtrns
euo
:,
r
".
s

u oo d
u, nss
.
rq'Uo,,s.nb
ro,rqrunu
","

Jl''T1R1T.il1'lJ;
)uolE>.rdol
a.rrq
osrE
pFoqs
srplaf,rq
lFrus
rarlo
,srJ[s
r.trq
lsooq
or r:pro
:-,:1::flp'
u:qr^torrnr
!{L
!.q
.eol!}dol
s.0Hr{
:rsEl
or
pr),sr
r.^
rsrJ

srolrsh
urooJ 9uttsEr
s.BgJ,t
Jo
Auot[tu
3rp
,X.^Jns
(gHn)
&r^5rg
xlt
f,tEEl{
x
ol Sslprorrt
)rrJ] strrDfpi!
elJprr
slql
Jo
roqtnr
eldl
J""B
apor'r-^\or
"*^""J;
ilrffi;
|
| I
I
.
rsE rrl4 pensap
rqt
rnoq?

AuIBuuq
Io
sllxsrJ
alqrl^
rrqro
orr
.rl
,!Lt!)l,{qa urlldx!
osF
rsnu rolFn!
rqr
.ot!
oprn$rd,{nry
ol
./!lt\)t
'
r.rt):p-prrr
dOOt
rr ,surDt'
)rlr roJ
,snroj
C"I,."rr_So:A
*A__r{l;
JorrErftld\-r
rtqrssod
trE
rno rFu
]sE
l
ljf,^

rlp
rx
tsurx
roqlnr
s.Flortp,
-p
,tltl){
or
suonlJlJddt
Sr4srut^pt
f,sE:lJur
ot
a,ll:s plnoa
rfulqJ
)PU)u
uof,)r
Jqt
rtrp trul
5Ju^uor
ot.tf,p.ro
ul
.r^rsxnsradl.n.rloJulrlt
sr
m
suoodrunssr-:ood3o
srvr,
! uo s.!rr
f!r.rorp.:1q1
.u.rtl
.f,ruess:

Lr,
.suoDErnddr
uo
rJ.dun
:tnr"f.,"'r),
ou.^"q
tf1,,lrys
roruu,.uo:a
3rtrrx
E
iunrry
)qr
- p.s,,rq"un
.,o-,, q"ru^
so
uoc
srolrqJo
uonruquror
E o) rnp
sra
runl.p c,r:l
tftt
i[ul
tno surtu
I
rr^raoH
.)sDrrtn
prns:p.W
rnoqE
Bwq

o,.r,-1
.
pnro.
,S*,f,
tlnuruaord
prsoddrd
,qr
rlw .umssE
or
sru:as
rorp;rt
rqt
,ltfEU,J
.ftEsser:u
n .trrEqJ prsodord
rr1l:
lrqt
tdrrr"
,o,r*,
I
.rr,^].,f,O
rolrletlddx.rrlnurDs
or
t_rq
ptnoa
Ltp ,{qa
jo
3tq?IrT^!
,rr
suondo

rs3rn
.uou
,,(qa llqtl:
urlldx5
tsnlll roqrnx :{I
.ary
z
rsIJ.or
iurr
lsEJprorq
fi)uf,Lr.
ro
,,blrEnb
fsrlmlJtjSord
jur^ordur!
.srrEr
Sqqu:^pr
:qr.p:,
sird
qJns
j.qro
jj!
rr.qt
rElil rlu
strr
.surs
uouruo3
.suo1r:rrrddr
s1N3t^tn9UV
1Vl

9-tvitrljio
oz
uoj
S VSS!
J]dr,JVs
,\srrrmirg
fi)r
llrc
n)()nrcnr
thxr I{lllls
!jsilors rs r
8r()up
Noukl
prcfcl
lo
purch:rs(
lo\.crl()ri(
b(cr olcr
r)rl)cr l)ljcrs.
thi5
!rottp
n)ilhl t'(,r
b(
rcprcscnti{n
(
of t)<cr'(lrinkcrs
gcnc.ill). cst)ccirll\'
if tl)t
Froup
cons(iturcs

x
smxll
ponion
of
thc b.cririnking
popul2tion- l'cl rbc
iu!hors conclusion
rclics
on rhe
irsumptioo lhit thcr xrc. lf iI lu.ns
oLrr. for
(xrnrjt(,
tlrit MIl]J
!isnors
nrc cspcci:rll) cilori('conscious. or
csPccixllr
lot:l1
to I{lJB
Producl5-
Il)sn
othcr brcwcrics
mjghr
bc
ve^
dis:tPPoinlcd
!irh
snlcs
levels ofdrcir
own loecaloric bce.s.
ln the furxl

f,nrl)sis, d)r author crnnol dcfcnd
hcf rccommcndalion
bascd
solell on rhc surtc\'lcsults.
The ludrof musr:rlso
sho$'that
thc sun'el
rcsulrs
rre relablc ard !ha!
thq tccunlcl,\'rcflccr rbc bccr
plefereoccs no(
jusl
of MHB
visitors
but
?lso
of bccririnl,itS
consurncrs
Scneitly.
ln
conclusion,
ro dclermine
q'hether
or
not dre) should
bfcw low{alorie
bc€r,
other
breweries shouij
not relr on tbc dubious

rcsults
of a sitglc,
problematic
su.qct.
lnstcxd, thev should comparc
thc lol:rl
mi.kcl dcmand
for loq,'calorie bcer
qith
rhe currcn! supp\'
and iry Io
assess
thc cxrcnr of
bnrd
loyalq among Io\et:rlorjc bcer
drinl'i€rs.
ill
Aneuurrur
No.
'l05
Shoufd
Ba)'r'iew
Iligh Snrdenls
weai UniforEs?
ln this cditorial,
the author recorunends
tha! Ba)'vies'Hi8h
rcquirc
its
'

studenas
to
wcrr
school
unitorms. To support
this
.ccorrun€ndatiofi, lhe
aulhor compares
Ba)ryics' lo Acom cadem),
a ]ocal
p;vare
school
that hxs
idoprcd
Ihit
polic].
Snecillcdl\'.
the xuthor
Poinls
out
thrl
com studcnrs
cim
hi8her
gndes 1nd rre morc Likel.\'to
atlend collcS€
and thal Acom
rcporrslcss
absenlccism
xnd t-ardillcss as

well as fes'€r disciPline
ptoblcms.
This
'rAumcnr sulfcrs frbm scvelil
rcasoninE nr*s.;hich
roicthcr rcnder
rhc cdirorial
whollv
uoconvincing.
To
bc8in
wirh,
$c
cditorial does no! indicare
how
lonS Acom s
currcnl
schoolunifom
poliq'has
bccn
in cffccl. f thc
Policy
is
ncq" $cn
Acom !
various succ€sses
Oistcd
in thc cdirodrl) catnot
bc
rttribuled

to th€
polic)"
and the
?ulhor's recornmendxton is
comPletell'
Sroundless
Assuming
thar Acom
s scllool_uniform
Polio'
is
wcil estzblishcd'
,{com's comparativc\'
hjgb sruqenl
GPA
ind collcge_marriculation
lzre
'
mjght still be
due io or})er fxctors,3!cb
as tughcr
ltudcnt
inlellgence
levcls'
hiSher{ualiq'
instruction:
or
Srcaler
supPon
(|!nlnci2l

or
o$erwisc)
from
parcnts.
'lqirlrout
consid€rin8
and eliminarin8
thcse
and al
othcr fcasiblc
cxplanations
for ihe comPa.advc
acadcmic
succcss
of Acom
studcnrs,
lbc
author clJrnotpersuade
me
that Acom s school'uniform
pol1ry is rcsponsiblc
for. o.
evcn coniriburcd
to, that success.
SiJniiarl]',
thc author
fails to considcr
orhcr
Possible
reasons

for Acom
s
reoonedlv lower
incidence
ot absenlecism,
tardincss,
and
discipLite
problems.
To begin
wnh, pcrhaPs th€se sons
of
problcms arc simpl)'
nol
rcpon.d
xs
oficn
lt,Acom
xs at Bivvic$i
iJso.
the repons
vould
PrQfId!
-
L\Ds.PctdsoB.coh
Pctcrsor's
|
\vnlint Sklllt
tor
tbc

GRUGIIAT
TaLs
l-ttl
1t sr/)lan4
n1nt11
stsrJ
Jvrr2l
)q1
,44
stl':ta nIt)lar
I
s.uoe,
sr(lt i)rDurlsqns
or
)rurpj^! (,u
s)nr^ord
.l)qrrI:
,Llr
)),\.p1,,;ti^r1rjt)r
:r':
;irtr )snr:rrq
,ildu,{ rn|:^
na|
siurptrn(l .\r
nxtr
trl|rns<r:
o)
sru>.s
ro\rnr
)\r

.rll^{
ursro
.r
(tunor:
IL!^:c,",
S,,,.,u.^uorr",urru.:r,
s.rorlrnr:Ltl
putt
I
,iurou(,).
Irrot
attr .^orduJr
riqr
s.uo
aru rot
/ir^\
.r'lu
or
prtlr,tol!)p:n:
sJurnlnq
nto
surrrry
pUr
Lll),"sru:f.,,
qrns
s:,r,r
:u:,rur,
ut
u:^.
tl:rlt

rno s)uloal
rorltnr:
rqt
.slsruortr^r:sard
Juo)s[l
Jo
sor.ruotr
rsurr8r: urtd.q)
SurnuqrD
uJ
)s)plo
s,TilrJ
:)qr
BuouJr
rrr
l]q)
ssnrtrra
)nlr^
tr'Llouo)l
ou
lo
)rn r,!._,:cir
)u)
roj
lr^\
e1.u,
n,
prqr,lorrp
.q p1,on
Irqr sSqpllnq.qr

rlqt
swrxtr
roqrnx
rqr
,u.td
)q)
uoOans
o1
.:1:o1q
:rp
uo
stuplnq
lsour 3u[lstourap
f,rrnb.r plno^r
]xqr uort:)r
Jo
f,srnoJ
x
!a:rts
>troc uo
.3l.rri
SurrrEd
tr^3[]Inu,
r
Jo
uotrh.Dsuotr
prsodord
f,lll
.^oJdd!
plnoqs

Arl) re
t::ns
)tro(l
s,&t:,
J:^fu punor.
l:)rx
)ql
Jo
lluouor.
5qr
u.q)8uf,rrs
o) rrpro
ur
lrql slDssE
fxuorpr
slqr
.lo
roqrnr
rqf
dtlf, ,re^Dr
:o;
a8u.w9
Frrrx.red
aup
.t,p
It
I
.oN
lN3wnery
.alr^,(!g

t! stuo
trqr
ol
nrltuns
n!:plrts
Jo
rot
?q.q
r)qlo prJt
r)fiuuo]lid
trturprJx
aqt
uo
slurlusjmbJj
r'lrol_TrmJooqtrs
Jo-
s)r{Jr
t!tr6olaqr,{sd
:qr
lnoqr_,{prus
)t]lrurrtrs
elqql:J
!
ruoJj
sdrqr:d-rru.pr^a
)iqrp.D
,{tddns prnoqs
rortrnD
s,Ego!p!
,tn

.a?r^lrg
roj
losu.cluior
to
lu-rod rood
E si
3^r.s
Ir^!
Lr.a
lqSgr
qotqa
,tooq:s
:tSurs
r
ruo{
suodrr
:lqdolsJnb
uo
Arn,(l:l
Jo
p!.rsul
.^{rr^,{rg
It sass.Jrns
rDJrrrlrs
u!
llnsrj
plno,ll
lrlod
n:ltu{s
I

trqt
(Z)
Jo
rloJy
rr sessaJJns
DelrJ
rtll
pur
bJlod
rr.uoJ]r'ln-Joor{rs
g,uloJy
u)ralJq
d
nl
(u
ot )xlrr
rrrJja-pux.esnxJ
Jx:ltr
r
(I)
Jrrft!! gslJqyrsr
or
sIq
tEuo)fpa aqt
.spurrs
tr sr.dn
ujns
ol
'e^,rJnpordrrrunor
3q

or
rno urru
rqsru
uoDroun,r-ilor.,
s.rorFnc
eqt
urr{l
ios
l]
.looqrs
t! ro!^!qaq
r^,]dru$p
AIntrqrqxr
,{q
ro
<rssEtr
purDr
ro
tprus
o) 8tnsry)r
lq
lrqrr
prrD
bl)od
aru
:qr
lurs:r plno^{
dnors
! st
srtlf,pntg

atrl^ftg pI.rD
!sor!
sEqJ
rurJrpJErej
ssjl
JlJ ,qlrJeult
ojc
nscpnts
uJo)y
sdrqred
.elnsf,r
rxtEsls
fuxr
llucss::u
:ou
ppoar
,lr:;altg
rr
Atlod
rlllurts
x
lxuol!pr
.qt
Ut
frjrsll
srssrrtrns
snou!^
orp
ot
prtnqrDuo:)

sxtl ,bttod
ulloJrtmJoor]:rs
siurorv
rEqr ^oqs
uxr
roqrnr
ar{l
Jt
utr^g
s,',srqord
burnb,rrep
p,,,
usre'u.sq!
ro
tr:,u;3jH'S
iT.:.'""*.J
(rtl
Anod
ulo.Jr-untoortrs
s,rlJoJy
rEql
unEtr
rr)tdun
s,roqlnr
:t]r
ur$
:ftr
rqt
sr
srtttJt

.rrurJ.u
ru.nbqtrp pt't
*ornrq.,
"-i,i:""
o:
n"rnl.r.
r:rIro
Eze
,{I.)fl1
rror!
lJprurr
an
suuo;irn
n:^l
oi
p:::o;
5n oq,{
ruaprus
r.!]l ,{rllqlssod
.qr
rno
p.Inr
ptft p:rlprsuoJ
)ou
s!r{ rorlrnE
3q1 !r!o.ro]{
'.trurnbr,Tf,p
pr'['ssf,rrprrt,usJ!:tutrsqx
ss:l rtrxldx.
rqrru

suollrpuo)
.sarn
Jo
/(uy
.loor{ts
01 uoltcllodsuErl
.tqEll.r
rJou,
r^Eq
lo
tsploq.snoq
)tqtls
3rotrl ro
spooqroq!€r)u
r{!s
q
a^1t :srol.slmo.
pu.
.$$€otorlrkd
',rrtr
lplt.q
or ss:r):
rtrrpr.r
r^rq
s]o5pnr(
urotry
sdrqred
.L,orv
1r
u.xo

sr
p)uoJ)r
3JE brtr
ra
u)^f
luJrUnBrE
s.roqtnc :qr
roj
r<)q
tr loddn(
)rrE:x
ltl
Sll.lly'!neUV
-LVl Je lvt:)llJO
0Z
dOJ
S,^YSS!
: iit!
ill
rssrrnrprion.
For
jrtl
$(
kno\'.
rtrcrc
mighr bc
othcr
Dossiblr
uscs
Ior rl)os(

buildints rl)!r would
profid(
ncr
cconomic
bcncnrs ro
rhc
cin,cxcccorrp
tiro:c
of r)r,
fir(,t,^<rt
prr,
.
pcrl,rDs
rlrcsc h ild,nJr.
$,hictr
rh( iurhor
i.lplics rrc
hrsto.ic_ \,out(t
b(
nroncvmrkinE
ro!rist x{!rrcrions
or
uprcrtc
officc
buildinfs
or lofl-srytc
con lominiums
rh

woutd

bulsrcr d)c
crl1-s r:L\
bxsc. ln
shon,
\lrhour
s ,Et)rnE
rt)r net
cconomic
ocnefrrs
of
rianous
nltcmarivcs
Iof rhe
otd buildincs,
rhc rultror
cannor
justifr
thc proposcd ptan
bascd on rhc
facr dtar
thc
buitdings;rrc
old.
As for
$e xurhor
s dcfcnsc agiinsl
conccms
for hisroric
prcscn,arron.
rbe aurhor's

anatoFn
to
Arhcns and
Jcrusatcm is
dubious rt
bcsr. ln :rtl
likclihood,
drosc
rs,o cirics
borsr
3
Erc:t
numbcr
of
vcn.
old buitdinls,
whercas
Rjver
Ciq, mighr
no!. Accordirjgly.
dcmoljshins
somc
old buildings
around
Dock
Srrcc!
mj8hr
bc Cccmcd
a
grcar

hisroric
loss for rhat
cj!],.
whilc
in Arhcns
orJcrusxtcm,
i!
mjghr
nor_cspccialy
iI r}lc demolishccl
buildil8s
have
tcss hisroric vatue.rhrn
orhcrs i,
rhesc cirics.
Atso, ii
is
possiblc
rhxt io
ArIens
and
Jcr]ls.tem.
old
buitdings
arc dcmoLisbcd
on\,
whcn
rhe). arc
shown !o
providc

no
mar8inal
economic r5tuc
or if thc). pose
a
signitcant
public
srfcr)
rlucai xnd
rh:

ncirhcr
condirion
js
t.ue
of
the
otd
Dock Strecl
buildings.
Finaliy,
perhaps
sprcc
is morc
scrJcc in rbosc
citlcs rhan
in
Rjvcr
Ciry.
jn

vhich
casc rhc
dcmolition
mighr
bc
justitixble
in
rhosc
cirics
bu( noi
Fin:rlly,
rhc autho s
claim thxr
in order
ro strengrhcn
i!s cconom),,
Rivcf
Ciq' should approve
drc proposal
rcsrs
on
thc
assumpiion
rhar tlcrc
arc no
'
\.iable
ahemarive
mcans
of achievin8

rhis
end.
yer
rhc aurhor
fals K)
subsBnrirrc
i.tris :rssumpLioo.
Common
scnse tells m€
fitr rhcre lle
a hosr
o,
orhc.
\\'rys
River
Cir,i, mj8ht
srrcnFhen
iis
cconom1,.
perhaps
onc
of rhosc
s'ays
woutd
bc
jusr
as,
or
cven more,
cffcctive

rhan
$c
proposed plar_in
s'hjch
casc,
dre
proposal.woutd
nor seem
compclling at all.
tn
tbe fmil rnatysis,
rhe aurtror's
arSumcnt
rests
precariously
on fauln,
.
reasotunS
and
scanr crjdcncc.
tnsLcad
of rclyinS
on a
poor
anatog),
bclwccn
tuvcr
Cir] :md-rwo
ancicor
cilics.

rhe Aurhor
should
sbow_by compnrinS
ru-
possiblc
means
of s(rengtncninS
Rjver
Cir\'s €conordy
(bcluding
saving
rhc
old buildings
ard
purring
rbem
ro productivc
use)_rhar ihc proposcd
plan
is
in tact ne.fs5?D
A,ncu,r,rrNr
No. I
22
Ma-ximizirg
Employee
Pioductivir\,.at
Diwcrsifi ed
Manufacturins
Ir rhis

mcmo,
rhc human
rcsoufccs
dcpffrmcnr
oI Djversincd
Ilanuiacturing
@if)
claims
rhar
DM could hetp
counrcracr irs
declinirA
mxrlic( shirc
by chanFx)F
iLs
tajd-\'acarion
poliq
for irs protessiond
su-tf.
T}lc ncs'poLq.,
like
rc currcnl
one,
would
provide
four
\?cadon
wccks
Pcr
Yeari

but rhc ncs policy
voold
limjr
anl
v:carion
ro
onc weck.
\vriting
Shllls
for
tbc
GRE/GUAT
Tests
!\1'u.tct.rsoB.cort
r.tn!''
fuour!
?iru:rrul,
Iruotr'zrux3ro
t*Lt
.rpn,.
-
,,,"^
*r"
pi.L
;
;;;;:,."r::.:i:,t:::,:;h:;'r",tlil
rnoqx
JFrs
tEuorsslord
s,y{o

,,b,!ns
or
ruxa plnon
i
pu,
lt"rs Fuo,ssaror.J
rrr
peloldrue
rl:e pu!
sr.iluxu'
^o.'{
or
r'EA
plno,,o
l
uJnrrr.rqu,
r
rD
.i'gjcrrrue'
'ql
)ou
ro
roql:q^
r. molqnp
ru.um:bs.q,
o-,
,uon"*Jt
t'"n*n!
lutdord
ol rrpJo

rl
rs.q
.rru'rnpojd
r5:rro^\
r);;;,".1;;;;'t'
nuolr'pPt u*u:tr
surxrrl
'sn'u
u!
uo p,*
s,r3!uru,
.,,30p,,,,."
","i"iillll',[;.]ijx*,rfi"xril:
ltfqru3rod
uo
spu:d.p
:hurnfuc
s.trjruruld)p
5ql
,fl.qnnu
r
ljr
,ssl.r8ord
sqrnbrr
e'rorcr
",,", ,,
";;;:;;[;,'jt:i:iiT;,ffi;tJ.ffl;
rrru's
or
r,,rs

rqsr'J
suorrxJh
rurnbr{
rrorx
;,.*
;;;;'";;
JrD
Jo
53E
r'!^p!
tFU
.>1E)
op
s:r,(otdrur
Jr
.prrcq
:rqro
,r1l
"O
,ri.11r
,_rrl
u.^.
rq prnoa
rnc,urnq
)srJ
rtr!q^\
u
!E.l
! ,ruo
u'n

,rou-".;;;;;
<qor
r!)'.,
-rdru.rur
o*r.qu,rurJrDs
roJ
rrqlrF".rou,,
j",G-""
,,".""-"ri
:'::li.lft
rncu,nq
pw
r5^lrsrurqr
.)Eu5^nrrr
,{nry
or.urn
ruJlrulns
::.,:il::
","rf
,ou
rq€n!
siJoDlJ!^
)c:a,ariqs
,r,rroa
^.u
,q,
tJo,t
zunl']s).j
essot
Ahnrnpord

rlqissod
replsuor
or srEl
oruru,
oe
.l
rqC
.Jjxls
f.uorssqord .q
or
pir.prsuoJ
5rx
dnorS
r sr
sr)loldrUr
,sl.3ru!ur )q)
asrnoJ
to s
.r dnor6,,."ror
;,;
;;;;;:il5':il,,il1,:fi:J
:l l',ffi
st
1I
.jTns
puorssajord"
s,WO
ol
lldd!
plnoa,{].rlod

idro
.qt
.!.la8rl.,!ur
.TUJGJElru:r
s,XO
Jo
, loldur.
p.nlo^ur
suocir
orr,t
,tll^!
.llp.rldl
::.:'T^'-""- 1l'l]**
*"u
"'.^,.n.'j"o'joilJ:"'"".::,;!f'Jn:',.'#
u.qr
.ost
.qr!.
)rrc^!
)uo
o) suopE:'!^
uao
naqt
)lu.'rll
lprrrf,
,dnor8
!
,r
!.Ers
lEuorss{ord s.r{O

.our.ru
,!p
uo
pesTq
aourt
f,a
Jf!
roj
.ttpuo)f,S
:llTl*o
rrr
r:prsuor
o, u''.q
l
prnor
,.*
,,":::"ir"]#1.",j
JJ!
niod)J
>qr
)xrrr
rr! 5)tn^uoJ
lsjrl
tsnr
,or
,r.,d
prnoa
r*F
r"*
*on"d

;o *','oT;:
i,fil-r,iT;l]11i1il]
or
$od!
n per.Juqq
:^!rt
,qA,"'
.r.:",r".
.,ff
.r;;r;;;;;;i
5q'
niorr
ruodrr
)r1r
)rqr 5ru:pL^)
ou
sJprord.ur.; *
,,*;
*^
.r
,rmurrpun
tt))rtdrlor
or:!rs
rrrlrlgor
qrlq^!
salu
Alr.ruost?r
srours
rnoJ
uJo4

srqJns
tuiurn_Sr
s.:ururl_,ra.p
rtll
','{r$!rhpord
run!r.r:-rur
Jo
s,{rp
rroru
I,,JO
r^rf
ptn"^
*.
,**n"r!
s,I{q
,Ltriod
,{.u
rqr
.l3plnl
trqt
suosc.r
1u5uDrdf,p.r]l
.suod.r
rsrql
so prslg
suo!n!)r^
.roj)q
rsnt
)^Drnpord
rsolu 3rr

s35totdlrl5
n.qr
tutt
uod5r
sr)8uJ!u,
.rujcfLrulr
s,t{C
.ou.u
5qj
or S(nprorrv
I
rr. .)1t/
Jt4
sltt:ts;kluJ4|
,
s,uosrrt.
SlNl^lgdv
.Vl^9
tV,3
rJO
0C I
Or S \VSS]
J]d^yS
ill
t't4!
?ercrcoB.co'n
writihg
Ski(s
Ior
tbc

CIWGLUT
l-esLs
Ancu,vrNr
No.
i
24
Ho$'
Ilxcunt
Tltcarcr
Compant,
Can
Incrc:rsc
profi
ts
ln
rhis
nrcmo.
drc
dirc(
an,icipalcs
2n
incrcasc
in,.,.,;I 1,: _:11,,1i.::::,:;'Ji:l
Jx,:i
ro ,
lx.g€r
rhcarcr
Th( direcror
rhcn
.ccomn)to(ts

r\,o
cou.ses
oI xcrion
rr
order
"ro
tuflhcr
increas€ profit5,:
(l)
producin8
pj:rls
rh:rr
havc
b€€n rnosr
successfut
in
!he
narion.s
tar8esr
crr,es
rnd (.2)
hiring
Adtib
Theircr
Conrp:rn! \
ftrndnisijrS
dirccror.
on rhc
brsis rhrr
corpor;[c

contributions
to
dlib
bxvc
increrscd
dnmxricallv
durirf
rrr.
trrrc.
"ca.s
sr,. l.,rs *o.r<cJ
ic,.
AdUb.
I
flnd
rhe
drccror's
a.gumcnr
unconvrncinS
bcc;ruse
jr
rcsts
on
numcrous
unsubsllnLiarcd
assumprjons,
3s
discusscd
betoR,.
As a

Llrrcshold
marter,
rh€
clirccror,s
cxpcctrlion
of incr€ased
rcvcnues
duc.to.
ar
incrcrsc
in
sexring
ctpaciq.
assumcs
lhilr
rl.rere
js
p€nt_up,
urLtuLlllcd
demrrd
for
seltin8
ri
ETC.S producr;ons.
Unlcss r}lc
dircctor
cjl
provjde
clcaf
evjdeocc

ro
sul
convi,ced
rhar
Erc.s,c*,,
":n::T
;l;.,:':il1:::;.1
".'H::,,?:
moling
ro
thc
lrrgcr
rh€arer_cspccjalt,,
iI thc
cosr
of
,enrii8
t}lc t.r.,Gr:
rhcarcr
excccds
rhc
cosl
of renring
x
sniljer
onc.
Tuming
ro Lhc
firsr
prescrjplion

for
cntrancinS
proltts,
rhc
dirccror,s
rarionrle
tor ir
rcsls
on
rhc assumprion
dlxr
rhe
tnsres
anct tnrcresrs
ofthcarcr,
gocrs
in
rhe
cilv vherc
ltTC
s thcarer
js
locarcd
arc
iimilar
to those
ofrtrcatcr-
.
.8ocrs
n

largc
cirics.
Howcvc.,
rhc
dirccro,
providcs
no
cvidence
rhir
rhis
is
rhc
casc.
Th€rcforc,
I rcmai,
un(
producin'
thc ptivs
".
*.
,n.;:::l;1ll[:J'j
il;:'::,f*"
"
TumjnS
nexr
to rhc
second
. :!D,
werl
conruse

cause
_.
.*liT"i'Ii3ijli:.J:,,T,,"5 fif',tl
bcciuse
Adlib,s
fundmising
director
has wdrked
for
,\dtib
Ou.i"g,b.
,"
rlrne
period
rhat
corpo.are
conrriburions
ro
Adlib
havc
rncrased,
tt is
unfair
ro
concludc
tiar
rhe lxrrer
is arkiburable
ro
rhc

fot-mcr.
Undl ETC,S
directo:
€sriblish€s
a
clcrr.
ca
us:rl
connecr
r,c rcco''ncnda,ioo
. *.
^il::o]''X::1'l',Iij,''i,TlT.ll**"'
Even
if
FIC
s dirccror
can
convince
mc rhar
thc
rvo pr€scriptions
a.e
likc\'!o
incrcasc
FfC's profirs,
rhe
direcior
concludcs
roo hastity
that

cbese
prescriprions
.lrc
rhe
bcsr
mcms
of achrevmg
fTC,s
dcsrred profir
Aolls
Pcrhrps
onc
or morc
othcr
corrses
of
rcrjon
worjJ
be
as
.ff ii*
or"-ni.
cffccLivc
in mz-yirlli?jng
ETC,S p.ofirs.
\vir}lour
wcigfring
al
ofefc,s
opOons,

rhc direcror
simply
carlnqt
convince
mc
rhar
ETC
shoutd
adopr thc
dirccror.;
rc co
mrn end-a
Li
on.
.
ln rhc
nnal
analysis,
rhc
r.ccornn;dation
U ,";,i.*.0
as
ir sunds.
To
botsrer
ir,
t}re
dirccror
mjghr
conducr

a scjendfic
survev
of arca
t})crrerSocrs
ro dcrcrmine
rhe
sons
of ETC proclucrions
area
rcsidcnrs
zre
most
tilJy
tir
attend,
and
iI
ETC I
cur€nr
$catcr
is morc
cxpenstve
to
renr thar
a
smalJcr
one. whctlcr
or nor
tlrc
demand

for
rhosc producrions
wxmnts
ETC,S
rccenr move
ro
rhc
lfigcr
rhcatc.
To
bcrrer
cvalurrc
thc.rFumcn!.
I would