English Language Tests-Intermediate level''''s archiveContemporary theories in management ppt

English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive
Contemporary theories in management
1. Carter McNamara explains that contemporary theories
of management tend to account for and help interpret the
rapidly changing nature of today's organizational
environments; as before in management history, these
theories are in other sciences as well.

precious
precocious
preserved
prevalent
2. Contingency theory asserts that when managers make
a decision, they must take into all aspects of the
current situation and act on those aspects that are key to
the situation at hand: basically, it's the approach of 'it
depends'.

account
concern
effect
focus
3. For example, if one is leading troops in the Persian
Gulf, an style is probably best, but if one is leading a
hospital or university, a more participative and facilitative
leadership style is probably preferred.

autistic
autocratic
automatic
autonomic

4. In systems theory, a system is a collection of parts
to accomplish an overall goal; if one part of the
system is removed, the nature of the system is changed
as well.

unified
unionized
united
unitized
5. For example, a pile of sand is not a system, because if
one removes a sand particle, you've still got a pile of sand;
on the other hand, a functioning car is a system because if
you remove the , you've no longer got a working car.

carburetor
cartridge
combustor
compressor
6. Systems theory has brought about a significant change,
or shift, in the way management studies and
approaches organizations.

paradigm
paradox
parallax
parallel
7. Chaos theory recognizes that events indeed are rarely
controlled; theorists suggest that systems naturally go to
more complexity, and as they do so, these systems
become more (or susceptible to cataclysmic events)

and must expend more energy to maintain that complexity.

versatile
vertiginous
volatile
voluble
8. As they expend more energy, they seek more structure
to maintain stability, and this trend continues until the
system splits, combines with another complex system or
falls entirely.

apart
asunder
down
through
9. The main behind this theory is the underlying
notion of small occurrences significantly affecting the
outcomes of seemingly unrelated events.

precept
preview
pursuit
purview
10. Related to financial markets, proponents of chaos
theory believe that price is the very last thing to change for
a stock, bond, or some other security, and that price
changes can be determined through mathematical
equations.

plangent

pungent
stringent
tangent