English Grammar Course - part 3 ppsx

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4.2. Count & Noncount nouns
1. C - N
2. C - N
3. N - C
4. C - N
5. N - N - C
6. C - C
7. N - N
8. N
9. C
10. C - N
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4.5. Specific and Generic reference
1. G - G
2. S - S
3. S - G - G
4. S - G
5. G - G
11. Progressive aspect
6. S - S
7. G - G
8. S - G
9. S - G
10. S - S
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4.6. Use of the articles
1. The - X

2. X - X
3. The - the - the - X
4. X - X
5. X - X
6. a - the - X - the - a/the
7. The - a - X
8. the - a - a
9. X - a/the - X
10. a
11. the - the
12. the/X - X
13. A
14. The
15. X
16. a
17. The
18. an
19. the
20. the
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4.12. Uses of the genitive
1. The departure of the plane
2. The capture of the lion
3. The man's cake
4. The men's store
5. The city of Chicago
6. The team's coach
7. The one week's
vacation

8. The hand of the clock
9. The man's dog
10. that of Jim's
11. a student of Plato's
12. The doctor's office
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Homework checking
Exercise 69
2. It 3. their 4. them 5. it 6. one
7. which 8. we 9. The 10. this/the
11. an 12. their 13. their/the 14. they
15. the 16. a 17. what 18. which
19. us 20. its 21. It 22. their
23. we/one 24. their 25. It 26. they
27. them 28. the 29. this/the
30. their
E_English Grammar Course
E_English Grammar Course
Unit 3
NOUN PHRASE (cont.)
Issues
Issues

NOUN PHRASE
–
Basic NP
•
Determiners
–
Predeterminers

–
Central
determiners
–
Postdeterminers
–
Complex NP
•
Modification
–
Premodification
–
Postmodification
–
Multiple
modification

= typically constructed by either a noun or a
pronoun as the head & other constituents as
modifiers
Eg. A nice girl leaning against the wall
Noun
Phrase
Noun
Phrase
Basic NP
Basic NP
Complex NP
Complex NP
Noun phrases

Noun phrases
Noun Phrase
Noun Phrase
Basic NP
Basic NP
Complex NP
Complex NP
Basic Noun phrases
E.g.: All these 10 pupils
Basic NP
Basic NP
(Determiners)
(Determiners)
Head noun
Head noun
+
Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
= words of close-system used before a N to
“determine” the precise meaning of the N
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners
Post-determiners
Post-determiners
Pre-determiners

Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
all, both, half
all, both, half
multipliers
multipliers
fractions
fractions
such, what
such, what
•
mutually exclusive
E.g.: all girls, both girls
BUT NOT:
all both girls
See more in 4.7 - 4.9
Pre-determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
all, both, half
all, both, half
+ before: articles (a, an, the, zero article)
E.g.: all the time
possessive determiners (my, his, her, etc.)
E.g.: both his sisters
demonstrative determiners (this, that, etc.)

E.g.: half those days
+ not before: quantitative determiners (no, each,
any, some, enough, (n)either, every)
Pre-determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
all, both, half
all, both, half
+ take partitive “of-phrases” optional with nouns
E.g.: all (of) the time
obligatory with pronouns
E.g.: all of them, both of us, half of it
+ “all, both”: occur after the head, either immediately or after the operator
E.g.: They (all) were (all) accepted.
Pre-determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
multipliers
multipliers
+ used to denote the quantity of the nouns
E.g.: twice her age, double their salaries
+ occur with the determiners “a, every, each and per” to indicate frequency
E.g.: once a week, twice every day, three times each year
Once, twice,
three times,
double, etc.

Pre-determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
fraction
fraction
+ the fractions have the alternative of- construction.
E.g.: He took only two-thirds (of) the books on the table.
+ the indefinite article can replace ‘one’.
E.g.: He did it in one-third / a third (of) the time it took me.
(one-third, two-fifths,
three-quarters, etc.)
Pre-determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Pre-determiners
Pre-determiners
Such/ what
Such/ what
+ occur before the head noun
+ “such”: combined with “all/no, quantifiers, cardinal
numbers”
E.g.: What/ Such a surprise!
no/many/41 such incidents
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners

6 classes based on their co-occurrence with
the noun classes (singular count, plural count,
and non-count)
(1)
the,
possessive,
wh-words,
Some, any
(stressed),
no
(2)
zero article
some, any
(unstressed)
enough
(4)
this
that
(5)
these
those
(3)
a(n)
every
each
Either
neither
(6)
much
See more in 4.5

Central Determiners
Central Determiners in respect to their co-occurrence
with the noun classes
COUNT NON-COUNT
SINGULAR
PLURAL
bottle
furniture
bottles
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners
(1)
the,
possessive,
wh-words,
some, any
(stressed),
no
E.g.: - Do you want me to turn off the light?
- I love my family.
- What colour do you like?
- I have some friends in London.
- I won’t give this pen to any student.
- She has no idea at all.




Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners
(2)
zero article,
some, any
(unstressed)
enough


E.g.: - Love is not everything.
- I want some beer, please.
- Have we got any wine for tonight?
- I did not have enough time to do this.
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners

(3)
a(n)
every
each
either
neither
E.g.: - My friend gave me a flower / an apple.
- I want to ask each/every person individually.

- You can put it on either table.
- Neither party accepted such a proposal.
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners


(4)
this
that
E.g.: This chair is mine and that table is yours.
I can’t stand this silence.
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners

(5)
these
those
E.g.: - Did you read these stories yesterday?
- Have you seen those girls?
Central Determiners
Determiners
Determiners
Central determiners
Central determiners


(6)
much
E.g.: He wants much sugar in his coffee.