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o
,

\'ll:C
tilO
ra
de
n;ctc1
01'-\
tri
klcm
t
L"
• 0
e
e.
nghl¢t1\
Ll6i
y{ji
lllQt
:.6 hr\1ng
Kin
161
str
clung
phlrong philp
1116
hl11h
h6i\
16i
song
song
\'J.

:'<lU
(\6
:IP
d~ll1g
phlfdng
pll<ip
ll1()
hinh
ho,1
Ibi y6i d[iu yilt)
"ong
~nng
cho
nh(}ng
16i
dUla
dU(1C
ph,i1
hi~'n
(;(')[1
lai
IiI
me)1
Ihu~lt
lOan
1' 10
eSc
Yce\o'
.tll~i
Ir~

ki~m
nghi~lll
de:
ph:it
hi¢n
i6i c6
hi¢u
qu,i
nlo.
H1nh
tU5.
Vi
du
Khi
1111,1(:
hi~n
pilu'("ing
phap
ml)
hlnh h6a
l{)j
cung nhv khi tlwe hi¢n qua trlnh
1110
hlnh
h6i\
logic
ta
co the
: Lr
dyng phlwng ph.ip bicn

d~cb.
Vi
dy,
Irnng
mi.\Ch
trcn
hinh
8.25,
d6i vlii philn
tlr
AND
chung ta
th{I)',
bieu
thlic
ldgic
P"
cllo
dU'0ng
IIIl
i1l9U
(j
c6
d'.l11g:
P,,;;::O
xu"
+ a
l
:
Irong

de):
<1",;;::0
1 trollg tni0ng
hqp
gla lri dung
trcn
duong
o~
,1,,;;::0
0
tron)!,
truling hqp ngu0c
I~li~
<II::::
I kill
thi~t
li)p
giu
Ir!
'\'
Ir~lI
c\u'ollg
(/:
a
l
::::
0
trong
nhu'ng tru'ong
hqp

khAc.
Nlu1
V(I)',
khi thi(t
h~p
gi<.!
tr! '0' tren uUdng
tin
hi~u
(/
ta co
280
III
=
all
=
0:::::)
V.
=
O.
Tuong
It!
nhu
v(ly.
tren
duang
lill
hi~u
h:
1\=

yo,.
+ hi:
Chun"
ta
thuv
rttn~
"ia
tri trcil
dUCIn"
tin
hicu
c
him"
P
f-'
"
tu
do
suv
ra
Hi,i
eo.
Leo·
eo.
eo
"I
. e
tri
tr211
duong

tin
hieu
c
c6
the viet du&i
di lt1g
bicu
thue
Il)gle
sau:
P~=(PJ\)C

+CI:
tXii \'6i phrin
III
OR,
oieu
thli'C
logiC
:-oC
co
d'.Iilt!:
P.=(P,
+Pd)CIl+C
1
:
P
d
= ud" +
I:

Qua
trinh
mo
hlnh
ho;i
neu
tn:n
duqc
thuc
llH:n b.ll1!!
d.ch
xrly dUll!!
nhung
hicu
thii'c
logic
d6i voi nhfrng
trang
th,ii
16i
eua
uk
ph'l\l
tu
16gie
\'J.
tinh
de
gia
tf! eua

chung.
Kili tinh
de
hieu
logic
btlllg nhii'ng
phep
to,-ln
tren
hit voi
de
tit'
e6
do
d~li
nella
gia
tr!
cac
hien,
ta
co
the
th\t'C
hien
m6 hlIlh
ho,( . ,ong
song.
Vi
ch.1.

doi
mach
trcn
hinh
8.2S.
de
time
hi¢n
m6
hlnh
hoa
drill
\':10
song
song
d6i
voi
16i
htll1g
so
c/().
chung
Ia-
dn
dua
ra
cac
gia
tr~
eua

tr,.mg
th{li
16i
y,\ Ircn
co
sii
d6
xae
d.inh bicu
Ih(['c
logic
cua
m'.Ich (
hlnh
8.26
).
Trang
tnt'cl'Ilg
heyp
1110
hinh
hoa
l()i
song
: ong
ta
dn
ph,ii clua fa
gia
tri clla tn.mg

Ih{li
16i
(
hlnh
8.27
).
Trong
d
cI\1
doi \'6'i
nweh
Iren
hlnh
8.25.
chung
la
tlwc
hil'n
qua
trlllll
1116
hinh
h6a
!l'ji
song
song
ello
de
\l)i:
u/().

(/1/,
NO.
hi
I,
('/().
eli.
dj(). elli d6i \"6i
\'< :eto
gi{\
Il"j
dfill vao: x = y =
'I'.
/I
=
'0'.
Mo
hlnh
hoa
drill
vi:\O
<;ong
song:
u 01010101
,00110011
),00001111
a 11111111
b 11111111
c 00000000
d
11111

III
c 11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
lIinh
8.16.
~
1()
hinh hoa
lUI
vt'1i
d.c
d ill
vim
\Ollf!
wng
elm mach trrlJ
1111111
8.25.
u 00000000
,x
11111111
y 11111111
a 00111111
b 11001111
c 11110011
d

11111100
e 11111111
01000000
00010000
00000100
00000001
00000000
Irinh
8.27.
r-,j6
hillh
hmi.16i

ong \()llg elm mach tren hlnh 8.25 v6i veclO
(till
\';10 (
/I,.r,
\,)
==
(0.
f.
f
)cho
C<le
16i
£I/O.
(/11,
MO.
hif,
c/O.

1'/1.
i/lI!.
tI/I.
281
Khr
su
dl,mg
phuong
phjp
hi0n d!eh lrong
qUii
Irlnh
me)
hlllh
hoCl
kH.
chung la c\[1
ph{1ll
h',lI1g
dc
ph:in
IU
16gic
";1
IIH.re
IH':ll
Ihl'll Illnll
llr
L'lla
c,\c

bl~u
Ih(rc 16gic.
J.
l\16 hinh
h6a
I()j
suy
dicn
Trong plW\illg plulp
m(l
hillh
h{l(l
\(Si
"ong "ong
(1<1
nell Ir':n. dall
11<,:'11
chLlng
la dua ra
dc
\'ccto
gr,\
Ir!
d{iu
\':10.
dc
Itli
\':t
~au
d6

klC:lll
II-a lh.i
11'-111g
ph,il hi¢ll
de
It)!
au'a
ra
billlg e:ie \'ccl(5
gi,1
If!
dell!
\-:10
dang
.\.cl.
Trollg
IfU011g
h0P
!Iu,fc
11I~1l
ki~lll
Ira
Ih~llIh
c6ng.
\'ccln
gi,\ If! d,lu \;10 dang )'cl
du'(.lc
COl
i~1
vceto'

gi<.l
tq
kiC:m
tra phul
hi~n
16i
da cho:
n6u
Ihue
hI':]}
Ill()
hinl!
hOiI
l<:h
kh()ng Ih:\nh e()ng. chung
1<1
ph,U
tlwc
11I¢1l
qu:t Irlllh
m(l
hinh
Iw,;
If)i
eho
be)
gr,1
Irj
d:iu V;IO "il
h)i

kh:tc. Nlnr
VfIY,
Irung phuung ph.ip
me)
hlnh
hoj
I(li n6i Iren, m6i quail
h~
i(lgie
gil}'a
de
I(\i
":1
de
\'CL'IO'
gl,\
If\
d."lLI
\'i:t()
khong
dWK
Ihie'L
I;)p
\'il
do d6 hi¢u
LJu,i
eua
qllj
Lrlnll
\,.\0

e<.ie
b()
gl;i
Iri
ki0m
nghl~111
ph;II
hi¢n
I(\i
kh()ng cao.
tJe
timg
hl¢U
qua
ella
IhU(lt
lOan
m6
hlnh h6a, chung
La
dua
fa
phU"()'llg
phjp,
Irong d6
!U'ong
ung
"O'i
m()1
n.'clO gi:\

II"!
d:iu
\';to, ph;tl ph,il hi¢n
1<YI
c;'\
dc
lell
Co
the
dUQ"C
pilat
hiGn
bang
b(,)
gi;i
Irj
nilY.
f)~
Ih~re
hl¢ll du\)\
__
diell d6.
chung la rb.'li
Slf
dl.lI1g
dc
rhcp
10<.111
suy
di~n

1{lp
hq"p
dC:
111l,rc
bi~n
qU:I
If
JIll!
Ill()
hlnh h6a
vii
do
d6
phu'cing
ph'lp
11:IY
duqe
gt)i
lit
pilll'(l"lIg
ph~lp
m(J
hillh
b6a
16i
su\' elien.
n;.:
dO'n
giiin
\'it

et)
Ihe th:ly
rtJ
dunc
co
che'
,uy
di~n.
chung la
XCL
\'1
till
ph(ln
ILr
AND
co
b:1
(hlu
":10.
N6u
de
dfiu
\':\0
nh{lIl
gi'I
Iri
(/
=
'0'.
I;

=
'I',
("
=
'I',
d<.lU
ra d
,,is
l1h,~l[l
gi,i
Irj
II =
'0'.
Til do
~uy
ra
de
h~i
h,\ng
,6
do
\'celli
gl{l
Irj
d<.lu
\'ito (
u,
h,
("
) = (

O.
I, 1 ) ph,i! hi¢n
dU~ie
sc
I~\:
a/
l.
dll
( chung ta
Illull H,28. Vi
<ill
mo
11il111
lax!
kJl
SlIY
die-n
\,(jj
ph[ill
Itt
AND
cO
ba
ChIli
\'ilO.
282
sc
\'ie:'t
gqn k)'
bi~u

h~r
h:lllg
~(i
.HI-\,
IrC'1l
uU'()"ng lin hi¢u s
IiI
sh
Ihill\h s,).
N0'u
e,ic
d:iu
\';\0
EI
{/
= ' I '. h =
'I'.
c =
'1',
la c6 d =
'1'.
TLr
dt'!
suy
nt,
Wp
11lrp
dc
161
h,'lllg

.~(;
dl
11)1.,<
phat hi¢n
(ILri,l'C
b,\ng yccln'
gi<.l
If!
d.ll!
vito
(
(/,
h.
("
) = ( L
1.
I ) sc
1:1
I
till'
1;0'
(li"
dll
1.
Ch(lI1g
ta co Ihe nh:)n
dU\1C
I<.)p
hop
n:IY

Ihcll
nhung
IU(lt
sau:
Lm)t
suy
dicn
C:
cae phcp toan
1(lp
helP
d6i
\'{~i
phlin
ILl
,\
vii cae
gi{l
Iq
lUU
\'~In
cua
pldn
ILl
eto:
DU'(-mg
tin
hi~ll
dlO
(/

ella
pldn
ILl
la
dU'(llI~
vilo
ILr
bcn ngoai.
Nc'u
gi<.i
Irj
uutmg lin
111~U
n;:\)'
btlllg
'1'.
tJ
c6
La:::
1
(/0
):
nc"u
gi{\
Iri
<lLrb"ng
tin
hi~u
btll1g
'0',

thl
L~:::
1
(//
):
H~lln
ra
eLla
ph:ill
ILl'
A
dw,"l'C
bicu
dicn
dU'6"i
dang
I{)ng
ho,)e tfeh.
NfLl
gla
tr!
dung
cu,\ dLlbng tin hl¢U
(/
btl11g
'0'.
thl k)' hi¢u
(/
trong bic'u
thLrc

~C
duo'c thay btlllg
L.,.
ky'
hi~u
(/
(hl\K thay btlng
La'
(\jell
gi{1 tri
dling
cua
dUll"llg
tIn hi¢u
II
b<.l\1g
'I'
thl Ihi k)' hi¢u u trong bieu Ihlie
se
dLI~1C
thay btlllg
L.,
\'~\
II
duqe thay btmg La.
T(eh logic (.J
V;I
tCing
16gic
(+)

trong bicu
IhLfe
du'~JC
lhay b,\ng
de
phcp
100In
\{Ip
hop n
VlI
u.
Ne"ll gi,i
Ir!
dll11g
eLm
Ct:iLl
ra htlng
'0'
thl
bieu
thLrc
d~r0c
Ihay
b,\ng
t.
n6u
la
'1'
- L.
Trong tnrh'ng

IWp
khi giJ tri dLlllg
ctJa
dw\ng tin
hi~u
rafb~\Ilg
'0'
Ihl
la
119'\1
1(lp
\1<)'p
1./;
I vilo L; neu gia
II"!
(tiu ra
b~\IIg
'1'.
1<.1
se
h{.1p
qp
hl)"p
('/;, \ "ilo L.
Ket
lJl1'l
ta
nh(1ll
duo'c t(lp
ht,1p

1.,1'
C{le
phlitl
ttr
lrong Illp h0P
Lila
die
lot
h:ll1g
so
e6 Ihe duvc phJI lu¢n
btlOg
\'ceta
gi<.i
Ir!
Chill
\'UO
dang
xl5t.
V(
(\1,1.
doi \"('ii
phAtl
ttl'
AND
tren
hinh 8.2X.
la
co
d:::

(lhc
,\\1i u:::
'0'.
h:::
'1'.
c:::
'I'
tlf
dCl
suy
ra:
L
J
==
(L"
n
tb
n L)u
{d
,
i;
lrong d6 La:::
(/,'
\.
1.,,,
==
I
h'l
\.
L"

==
{
("0
I:
~au
m()t
s6 phcp bi6n d6i.
nhi~n
dl\"(~L
Nell
e,ic cl[ill
\'~tO
nh(lll gia Irj:
(/ =
'I'.
/J:::
'I'.
c:::
'I',
la se c6:
I~:::
(L
n
Lb
nL)
=>
Lei
:::(L,
n
[I>

n
l,)u
{dJ:::
(L"u
L"u
LJu
(d
l
.}
lrong
d6
La:::
I {l1J
\.
LII
= 1
h'l
}.
L,.:::
{("o)· Nhu
\"~Y
ta nh(ln
c111"<JC
Ld::: I (/n, hi,'
Co·
do
).
Trong nhung Inri:mg
hq'p
khi d:iu \'ao a

ella
phfin
tlf
khong
piJ,ii
Iii
d:iu
vao
Ilr
b0n ngoili.
La
Iii
1(lp
h<fp
d.e
16i
duqc ph,il hii:n tnr6c
mLfe
dang
xcI. Do do. khi dl
lLI
cae dau vao linh
llr
hen ngoili luan
IU
[hco
llH1'C
eua
sa
d6

16gic
V,\
ap
dl.mg
nhieu
Uln
lUi~1
dJ neu Iren. [.:t
co
the xiie
djnh
duqc
1(lp
11(.1p
It)1
dLfQ'e
ph~l
hicn
bang
b() gia
trj
dlill
\'ao
dJ
cho.
Thll~11
loan
ne'll
trcn
du,\1C

g<)i
lit
Ihu~ll
to{1I1
ml'!
hlnh hoa lui
SllY
dien.
Chung
la
hay xct vi
d~l
ap
d~l\lg
pl1Lfong
phap ma hlnh
hoi
lui suy dicll
deli
283
,,6i mach
I["en
hlnh 8.29. nil! loan
d(lt
ra
Iii
X~IC
djnl1
cic
It'li

c6
Ihd
cllr{)'c
pil,it
hi~ll
,,6'i
H:Cto"
gi:i
II"!
d:iu
\'ilo:
.r::::)'
= T =
/I
=
\'::::
II'
= I
Illnh
S.19. Vi
lIl[
mlllli
hUiI
phuong
ph,ip
m()
llinh
hOii
kll slIr dietl.
Lh

= (
ho
J,
L; = (
io
I;
I.,
= (
L"
n
I."
) u I
c,
I = I
c,
I:
Ap
dl.l1lg
rni\l
c.tell
lurin
ItI'
de
luflt
hill
dfill
Ill'
d:.iu
dlO,
chung ta nh{l1l dwyc

c,le
1(lp
h(!p
,",ill!:
L" = I
0,
I:
Lil = {
hil
I:
Ld
= (d<ll:
L,
= I
/"
I:
L,.::::
(Lei
(\
L)
U
(c
II
)
::::
l
u(I
,e,l]
:
Lg::::J-I"U (go J =

(dn,cn.g
o
J:
L
j
=
L,.u
(.in J = I till'
('0'
ill
j:
L~=(
L;uLIl)u
I k
l
)
= I iu.hll,k
l
}:
L[::::
L
j
U (
II
J =
("'I'
CU'.!<I'
'I
):
Lll)

= (
Lk
(1
L[
) U (
III/
J = (
1111
J:
LII
==
(L
g
U 1,1) u {
11(1
J = (d,). en,
g'I
•
./,",.lI
o
}:
Ljl==
(I." (1L,H)U[PIIJ = {dl!,c,I.,t:rI,.I;"l/o'Po)'
1\'1111
v,}y
vcclCi
gi<\
Irj
diiu
"ao

X = Y
==
f:::: II =
\':::::
II':::;:
'1'
e1lO
phep
phat
hi~n
lllQi
16i
m\m lrong:
t,!P
hqp
1,1'
= {
do,
Co.
go.
;;1'
11
0
,
PI'
I·
I\eu
gii.l
trj
dfiu

d.o
y thay d6i lilunh '0',
Ihl
sc
c6 nhung Ihay d6i sau
11'011"
dJ.v
,>uv
dien noi tren:
b , ,
y = 0
:::::::>
II
= 0. k
::::
1:
Ii =
0:::::::>
L
II
::::
{
Ii/I:
-
k=!:::::::>
L~=(LII(1L,)u(k()J:::;:(h,.krIJ:
VI
m = I
:::::::>
t",

=
(L
k
n
Lr)
U I fIIo) =
{c/.
dl!'
(//' hl .
.il'
'
0
,
kil'
nil!
I:
VIP:::: I
:::::::>
LI':::: (l'H
(\
I~,,)u
[PII] = I
hi')"
"/I.
'rI.lllo,pl! I:
Til
VI
dl}
tfen chung ta thay rang khi
SLr

dl}ng
phu,(J'ng
phap mo hlBh
hOii
16i
suy dien. chung ta luon sir
dl}ng
de
phep
Imin
t~IP
hqp. Dicll do
dill1
(tc:n
2R4
\'i~c
dn
111Ii,YI
",ay
dung
phuo'llg
pb:l[1
Ihu'c bien
Cll
hi¢u
qu,.\
C<1e
pll~p
loall
1(1[1

lH.l'[1
Ir':l1
lllciy Ilnll.
Ulling
la lil:i'y
r;I11i;!
dc
phcploiin
ItlpIH.)P
ph~l
IhutJc
\'210
de
gj,i
II"!
d:lll
,,:to
I1C'I1
\'I¢C
,ip
dung
e:le phcp
xu'
I~I
song
~()Ilg
kllt'lng
the:
Ihvc
hi¢11

du'O'c
tJ"(lJlg
Inrlillg
h(.1P
n~IY.
4.
Mil
hlnh
h6a lui
canh
f anh
Trong phuong phiip
m()
hlllh
11O,i
suy
dicn
cHi
trl11h
b;lY
(1
tfl'n,
danh
~,ieh
de
kii
c6
Ihe ph;il hll'n b;ing
11l1)1
vee

In
gia
Ir1
lthl
\'~IO
cho
IrU(K
dU0l'
111ll
111[1),
bang
c{leh
Ian Iruycn tu:in
t~f
li11
then
dc
mLrc
ph'lll
I".1ng.
Trong
phuong
pldp
Il;ty U
dn
phi'tJ
Ihue hi¢n cae phcp to.in
1<)p
h(.l"p
kho

tlwc lu¢n Irl'll
]11,iy
tinll.
Tlt'(mg
tt.f
\'l)'i
ttl'
tUl\ng
IruY~Il
danh
~ach
161.
chung
t,~
dl:lt1g
phlfl1!lg ph.ip
,\:."Iy
dVllg
danh
s.kh
king
c<-leh
m(i hinh
hcia
th;]), ello
cae
phcp\ojn
Ihp
\}()p.
Plllro'ng phap nil)' goi

IiI
phul1ng ph.lp
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hlnh h6a
I{,i
c',mh Iranh.
Chllll,!;
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d:iu
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6w
m
•.
[(:11
12t:
a = h =
O.
('
= I J = L g =
0,
V(~ji
a = h =
'0'
til

co
gi.i
Ir!
dung tai
('
=
'I'.
I\'hlt'llt!
16i
c{Jlhe
dU\lC
ph,il
hi~ll
nh(l'
lllJll'ng
gi<-i
If\
dfiu
\"i\o
\'~l
d{iu
["it d6 nh;)ll
de
gici
If!
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(// I,
hi
I,
(i()

,
Id
c()
Ihe \'Jet
gc:m
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c:u.:
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/'
hi'
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h"
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dli'(Jc
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chung
1;1111
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ra gi,i
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o

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de
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1 11;.\
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ph.it
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uie
16i
do
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bQ

gi;i
Ir!
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dang
.\.Cl
c1U\K
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do
suy
ra, \'6i
c{le
gia
Irj
c1{iu
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a = h =
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d =
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Illi
de
kli L
"
= (
(ii'
d
lJ

,
('
I 1
co
the
dU9'C
phat
hil'll,
Neu
gi<.i
tri Iren
c1u'0ng
lin hi¢u f =
'j',
g =
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ta
: c
e6
gi:i
Ir!
dung
trcn
d{iu
ra
Ir
Clla
ph,in ttl (;31:1
'0',
do d6

dlc
16i
(./;),
gil,
h,
I
e6
the'
du(.l'c
2X:'i
ph,il hi¢n.
M,~I
kh,ic. khi lrong mach co loi
fl'
cbu ra h =
'0'
nhu
v;ly,
danh <teh
I{)i
cu6i
clmg
sc
dlf(Je
phCtl
hi~n
Et:
L
h
::::

\
gl.lr
l
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D6i
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pb,-in
Ill'
(;-1,
gi,1
Irj clung
In.'11
de
Ch1l'Illg
1',
It
bilng
'0'
do
ckj
gij
Iri
dting
Ircn
dui\ng
i (Ullg
bimg
'0'.
l\'hu \,(ly
de

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(6
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pkil
hi~1l
duo(
''0
1:1
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1',.
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kh;ic
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danh
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L
e
.,
chn
ll\i
iii
n{lln
!rong

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h
.
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i
j
).
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sa
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1L.l'

truycn
\':1
llh(ln (lie
101
ell
thc'
dll'O'C
ph'll
hi011
qua cue ph:in
tll'
logIC
Irong
ml.lcll
Iren hlnh S.JO.
DLfa
\';10
cuc suy
lu,:1ll
ncu
IrCll.
chung la c6 IhJ
(lLl'ct
LI
Cdl
ql\~'
I:\c
sau:
Lu,H
D:

\. D6i \'6i ph'ln
Ill'
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G 1
cO
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d.
cae
drill
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Ill'
ben ngo:li:
Chllll)!
1<1
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hl~U
dc
diill
";10 [il a,h,
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ra IiI
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giu Ir!
t'.Ii
de
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k~'
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/1
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d,ll!
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ll'ng
1:1
y.
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dc
I{l[
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phcl!
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\
(/
.h
.c
\.
cic
itJl
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coi
E\
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hi0n
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chung
Ihi0'1
\,\[1
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/1
2.
luong
Lint!
Iii
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vll/;,
d,lu
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c.
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lren
c1lf(\ng \'ilo II
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a .
lren
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lruycn
h
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jJ.
gi{\
Irj

Jung
Ir~n
(\[ill
ra
c
b\
{.
Tlr danb s,icil
CiIC
101
e6lhc'
ph,it
hi~ll
I
u".L"(jJ).c,,
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loi ehlnh
IhCre
duVc
11m
Ih:ly
, ,0];'1
2~6
nhCrn!,'.
lr'll
lhil"l
1~lp
ifC'n
,Uu ra c gi,i
If!

.,',
: lhiIng
Itll
nil\'
1;10
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s,kh
1(11
l:\n
IrllY~1l
L,
C;,J,
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n'jl pll<ln
Ill'
I()gle
(;"
chi
eel
de
dfiu
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lit
II,
/;
\':t d:iu
ra
(.
,:,le duijllg lin

hi011
(/,
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dU\K
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gd
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((
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e
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danh ",tch { L,,(a).
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cle
101
d':11
gi,i Irj Iren
dlfLl'JJg
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hil!1g
y,
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It)]
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t'.IO
Ihilllh
danh <tell
Ihi
Jail
Irllycll
qua
pil[ill
IU
(~~l

L

('r).
-1
C;te
](')1
Ian
IruY':1l
LeIi'!
11m
Ih:ty Irl'll d:ill
ra
hl'll ngo:li ella
l11<.\ch
(
lao
Ihilllh
I.)p
h{yp
ell'
li)i ph,lt hien
dLl"<:)'C
nho
b(l
gi;i
Irj
(L-ILl
\'i't()
dil
eho,

Cilling la
:\01
\-{
dl,l
dlii \'6i ]\l'.lch trell hlnh
)-).12.
sau khi ;lp
dung
IlI;:lt
D.
1.:1(1
hop
de
Ii))
nh:1Il
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= I
cI
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.
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g".
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PI'
I
CLlIIg

1II'00I1g
IU
nhu
phuong
phiip
m(l
hillh ho,\
j()i
suy
di~ll,
\"i~e
Illl,l'e
hl':ll
\11'
I~
"UII)!
~ung
til:
l't')
Ihc
lll(')
hillh
110.\
d()llg
Ilti'!i
lrl'll
de
\'ceto'
(L-ill
\';10

tHong diii
pilLf,,"
\'.Ip.
:\!lll' \':Iy. chl'lng la
d21
J1.l2-hicll
eLfU
IIhCfllg
phU"lillS
ph,ip ml)
hll1h
hO;1
j{1I.
t.)(ii
tU'lftlg
ap
dl.lllg
ella
nllllng pillfo'ng
pll:IP
n;IY
Iii
ph.il ilien e,ie
16i
hrlllg
~(j
l'lltl ceil' lllach
1(;
Ilo'p.
Chung

ta
dJ
Ih,t}' lrollg eilUlmg
),
khl
Ih~rc
hlen Ill()
!tl11h
!to;l
j()1,!Je
ei10
1I1'.lCh.
ehL"lng
La
e6
Ihe [inil dell d(l
Lr~
eLla
Ciic
ph:ill
ILl'
cling nllll' hlllh
lL,llIg
eLla
lill hll'U. Do rl{)
chung
La
cung
e6
Lhl;

XCL
d6n
llhCfllg
1]1(')
hl111!
I{)i
Ilf{ill!;
Il'ng, I\JlI
chung.
qua
Irlnh
m()
hlnl1
ho,i
It)i
nl"u
duOl'
Ilnl1
llj'j
L;ic
lh()llg
~{\
\'':
11}(\i
glan
xLf
1;'
s0
pll1l'C
I:,\P

hon
r:\lllhl~U.
2S7
§S.5.
]\:1()t
s6
plllWn~
Illu1P
lam
dun
gian hoa
qll~l
trinh
ki~1ll
tra phat
hi~n
lui
V6i
~lf
pb;illri~n
ella cbng ngh¢ VLSI.
kkh
IhulJ'c
\'it
uo phue lap eua
de
m'.lCh
~61{l\lg
nhanh.
Khi

6 hl\ing
de
ph~ln
Ilf
nweh
tfll1g. thai ginn
d.n
Ihiel
dc'
lao
de
h()
gij
Ir!
thll' nghi¢m
ph!l!
hi¢n
Jeli
t[mg.
D6i w'ii nhil'ng mach
phCfc
I;'IP
nhLf
de
h'J
\'1
XLI'
I)'. hiu
tOiin

kicm
Ir<l
1(.1
lrO'
llell
h0't
Sll'e
pllCle
\',Ip.
Dc
gi:1l
quycl
V,lil
de nay. ehling
\<.1
k.h()llg
the chi
gl6'j
han 6 \'ice
I!m
ra
nhU'llg
phuong ph:\p kidm tra
e6
hi¢u qllii
Illa
dm
ph,ii tim
each
thie"t

k0'
nhl"rng
m'.lCh
cllO
phcp
1~1I11
d(m
gi,in hoa
h~u
tmin ph'lt
11I¢n1t'1l11~ilY
11'"
c:,,'1.
DC:
1<'lIn
dOll
gi"1l1
h6a
qua
trinh kicm tra
V;I
phal
hlC'1l
I"i.
,.'hlllig
I.l,dn
ph.li
gi'-II
quyel hai
hhi

lo,in:
mli to,in
thCr
nh,'ll
1:1
giam
thai
gian
\i.IO
de
\'cctel glii
Iri
thu
l1~hi('
n.
Bili
to.ln
l1;\Y
dWje gi,ii quy0't
[x'ing
deh
xiiy
dlfng
nhiJll.!:!
Ihu~l\
\(:
'11
1' 10
n:eW
gi:\

Iri
thu
nghi¢11l
hi¢u
qUit
hem,
13;'ti
loao Ihlf hal
Il\
llun gium so
IU'Q"ng
cae
ph~p
ki~1l1
tra \'a
nh~tn\
l11l}e
dich
Iil.
Elln
gi,'lIn
Ihoi gian kiem tra m'.leh.
Them
\
;10
d6.
l hi
thi(1
kc'
nhil'ng m;.leh

de
kie1l1
Ira
Ihen
dte
111~\c
(Heh
nell Iren lai
mlY
sinh
ra
cae
v;1'n
d~
mO'i:
T[l!1g
,,6Iu'(!ng thiet b\
d~
1~lm
don
gi"1Il
h6,1
qu(\
tdnh
klClll
Ira
me.leh.
Ci,-llll
t6e
dc)

lam vi¢e
do
ht;
qu,'1
ella
\,I¢C
Jilin
don
gl'-'lll
h('l<\
LJuit
trlllh
ki(:'1l1
Ira.
Nhu
v~ly.
thi6t ke
nhCrng
m'.leh
de
kiC'lll
tra
e6
Ih~
COl
I:.
Ihi(1
k['
mach
l[lgic

\"(J"i
kh:\
nflllg
thC1l11l1(11
s61Wmg
l{ii
thicu thiet
b~
hl';
sung
\'~I()
mach
111~1
kh6l\g
Elm
tha)-,'
d()\
ehCre
m'lng
V~I
dc
111<1111

6 clla
Ill'.ICh
b'1I1
d:iu
kc'l
11(.1'11
vdl

kh.i
11,lng
Ihlfe
hi¢n kidm
tra
m~lCh
hang m()t so
IW)"llg
IIhb e,ie \'cc\(1
glii
11"(
klc'm nghi¢m
nh;~11
du·l.1'C
tLI'
nhiJ"ng
phuo'ng ph:lP dlm gi,tll. Trong
t1we
k'.
de
nh(lIl du'qe
1l1()1
pl1l1'ong
ph.jp tho.i miln
I[it
cil
de
) 'cu
du
neu

1r(:11
\:\
l h{mg
don
gi:l11,
do dtl.
Il'Ol1g
qUi;
trinh Ihi(1
ke
nhCt'ng
llweh
de
kiC11l
Ira.
nh;1
Ihi(1
kc ph,li
citra
ra
ducK
dch
gi'-li
quyC"t
nhlin),!
\',In
d~
nOI
Irell.
1.

Cae
giOi
h<:l"
ve
diu true eua
sa
do
t T6
ta
ch(rc
nan~
phall
Ilr
K f(x.),J
I t
2
H)'
~
x:f
4
, +y
5 xl'
ri
.\ffi Y
7 "
Citc
hilln
chuc
l1im)!.
ctla

ph[\Il
tll
Ky
hitu
phan
III
IIinh 8.33.
M6
til
cflu
Ink
va
ch(rc
nang clill
(lh£in
Ilr
co ban.
Tnr6c tien, cluing ta nghicn
cuu
nhung
phuang
phap
thiet
ke
nhung
rn<.lch
de
ki~rn
tra bang dl!a
tren

vi¢c
x&y
dl!llg
nhung
m;:.lch
logic
co
mot
d<;ing
nhat
dinh. Nhfrng
rn<;lch
d6
thuemg
c6
cau
truc
d~ng
rna
tr~n
hai
chi~u.
Vi
diu
truc
cua
m<;lch
co
t[nh
guy

lu~t
cao
cho
ncn
chung
ta
co
th6
tong
hqp
d.c
veeta
gia trj ki6m
nghi~rn
cho
nhfrng
rnl.wh
lo,:\i
nay
rn(H
each
luang
doi
de
dang.
Cluing
ta xet vi
dl,l
mOl
rn<;tch

kinh dien: rna tr(m
d.c
phan
111
co
ban vai
nhung
gia tr!
dLICJC
giiin
ILICJc.
Ph,tn
Ill'
co
ban
cua
rn'.lch la phfin
tll'
e6
hai
dJ.u
vao va
rnQt
cHi.u
ra. Phan
IV
nay thl!c hi¢n
1119t
trong
bAy

ham
logic
co
ban
nhu
trong rno
til
In::n
hlnh 8.33.
M<;lch
ICing
th~
sc
co
cCiu
truc
dLICJC
rnb ta
duai
d<).ng
rna tr(m nlur Iren
hlnh
8.34. Cac
ehu-c
nilng
logic
duqc
tht!c hi¢n
Iren
co

sa
kel
hCJp
ma
tr~n
thu(ln
va
ma tr4n nghi.ch chio. Ncu chQn
ham
chu-c
nang
cua
plutn
III
trong rna
tr~n
thu(m la
xy
ho~c
XY, Ihl hiun
chuc
nang clla
phan
tll logic trong
l11a
tn)n nghjch
c1iio
se
co
d' mg

(x
+ y ) va
duqe
the hi¢n
duai
u,!ng
chuan
tac
tuy~n.
TLr
d6
suy
ra,
[rang [wang hqp t6ng quat, chung
[a
co
[h~
:',
:$:$
."""""
:$.
:
bi~u
dien
va
x&y
dl!ng
chtCJc
rnQi
ham

A.
__
._._
_
__
_
logic.
Trong
rnl,lc
nay
chung
ta
chi
xel
de
loi
hang
s6
tren
cac
duang
vao
va
duong
ra
x,.,"
#""""""~
»
eua
cae

phan
Ill,
Qua
trlnh ph,'it
hi~n
lai
se
duqe
tht!c hi¢n
theo
trlnh
It!
sau:
I.
Xac
djnh
gia tr!
~I
cua
t~p
hqp
cae
trang
moi
cQt, gia Irt dfiu ra
z)
trung
t:"

~

bicn
chiu
'laO
(.fl.
x
2
•
.•
"
x,,)
sao
cho
#::
:
vaiy).
+
z,
Z,,'
Hlnh
8.34.
fo,[a
tr~n
cac phan
Iii
vCii
cae chile
ruIng
gian
il.rqe.
289

2.
Neu kbi thay doi gia tri}'J d6i voi
b(i
gia
lr!
dau vao
X/
chung
ta
nh~n
duqc sl! thay doi gia
tri
ella
zJ'
nhu
v~y
co the ket
IU~1l
ding kh6ng co
llii tren cae dau vao va dau
ra
eua
m<;lch.
Di~u
nay duqe thlfc hi¢n voi
mQi
e(it trong
SO'
d6 eau truc
CLla

m;:.leh.
3. D6i voi phan
tt'r
tren giao diem cua c(it thu j
va
dong thu i, chung
ta
il!a
chQn
cae gia If,
XI'"''
X"I'
X'+I'
• •
XII
va
Y
J
(X,i.
Y ) sao eho duang
truy~n
tir dau vao Xi toi dau ra
ZJ
tluqe kfch
hO<;lt.
4. Neu khi thay d6i gia tft
x,
d6i voi
(X,',
i)

gia tr! eua
ZJ
cling thay doi
thea,
nhu
v~y
chung ta co the ket
lu~n
rang phan
tt'r
thu i va
thu
j
ho<).t
d(ing dung. Dieu nay se duqe
nghi~m
dung voi
mQi
phan
tu
trong
m~ch
ma
tf~n.
Thea cae buoe thl!e hi¢n
neU
tren, chung
ta
co
the & dang kiem tra

ho~t
d¢ng eua
to~m
b(i
m~eh
ma
tr~n
thu~n.
De
co
lh~
ki6rn tra
hOi;lt
d¢ng
cl.m
rna
tf~n
nghteh dao, chung
ta
cling co the
d~
dang
x<1y
dlfng cae vecla gia tr,
lht'r
nghi~rn
bang each khbi
t~o
cae
dUO"ng

truyen kfch
ho<;ll
nh~y
cam v6i loi m¢t
cach tuan
tl!.
Yo
Cluing ta
nh~n
thay, cau
trUc
cua
rn~eh
eOng
giG"
nguyen khi xay
dl!I1g
~
K
f{x,y)
y
Ph:.!n
1I'r
co
tliin
cae ham khae nhau, chi co
eac chue nang eua cac
f-+ +-f,
phan
tt'r

Iil.
thay dei. Do do,
vi¢c xay dlfng cae b¢ gia
f +-f-
f2
Il'i
thu nghi¢m trong
tmang
hqp nay khong phuc
t~p.
Nhu
v~y,
rn<;lch
co the duqe
eoi
Iii
de kiern (ra. Tuy
nhien, khi xay dl[ng
rn;:~ch,
f +-r
fm
chung
ta
can
su
dl,mg
so
/{x,y)=,+y
(/(=1)
,.

X·
Y
(K
=
2)
luqng
phein
tiI
cO'
ban nhieu
hC1n
so voi qua
tdnh
thiet
k€ logic thong
thuO"ng.
Ngoai ra, d6i vui ma
tn:).n
kieh thu6e
11
x nJ,
so
luqng
Hinh
8.35.
Ma
trAn
NOR·NAND.
dc
tiing bang 2m + II, nhu

v~y
toe d¢ lam
vi~c
ella
rn<;l-ch
co the bi giam. Vi nhling
Iy
do tren, vi¢c tiwc
hi¢n xay dlfng cae
rn<:lch
16gie
theo
phUC1ng
pMp
neu tren
g~p
nhieu kho
khan
trang
thlfC
teo
SOluqng cae veeto gia tfi thu nghi¢m co the
d<;ll
toi 2m(
II
+ 2 ) d6i
VOl
m¢t ham 16gic.
290
Trong

ma
tr(1I1
noi tren,
chung
ta
sv
dl,lI1g
IXlY
h~\!n
logic
ed
ball.
IUy
nhien,
mQt
hi\111
bfit
k)' c6
the'
dUQ'e
bieu
di~n
htlllg
hai
h:l1n
eo
b,in:
I'\AI\D
hO~le
NOR. Nhil'ng

ma
tran
d6
dUQ'c
gQi
Iii
cae
ma
Ir[1II
d<.mg
NAf\jD-
l\'OR.
Khi
:X~ly
d~fng
k
hhm
/I
-


I


r
'~).
=lD
~C
\1
-j

Hlnh
I'L~6.
X[IY
dung
Ill,!ch
logic
It(
nhL'mg
ph in
llf
AND
dl
XOR.
bien bang
cac
ma
tr(\I1
cl'~11g
NAND-l\'OR.
s6
lU\mg
cae
vecW gia tl"! thtl'
nghi¢m bfing k(
/I
+ 2
),
va
so
II19ng

cac
tiing
el.re
(t.li
b<.\ng
/I
+
k.
Nhu
v(~y
eung
la
thay rang van
de
vc
soluQ'ng kiem Ira chua
dUQ'e
giui
LJuyet
tri~l
cit
MQi
ham logic co
th~
biC:u
dicn
du'oj
d

mg

to
hqp cae phcp loan XOR ella
d.c
tfeh
logic
( xem chudng 2
).
I3i~u
dicn
h~l.in
duoi d

mg
nhlI
v(l.y
eho
phep
tlWe hi¢n duai
d,~ng
m'.leh
hai tang clla
cae
phep loan
logic
A; JD
va
XOR -
d~llg
il1i.lch
AND-XOR.

vi
dl,!
ham logic:
J(
.\""
x
2
•
x,)
= X
I
.\"2
E8
.\":>-\"!
E8
xl"r
,
EB
XIX~·.i
x,
x,
x,
Xl
0 0 0 0
T,
0 1
I~
j
1
0

o
-O-
j
1 1
1_
d 0
1
0
T.\
d 1 0 1
d
1
1
1
\ d - trang nhilng
di~u
ki~n
thong
thuang,
nl1(\11
gia tri
'0'
hO~le
'1 ';
T\
-
kitm
tra phan
tt'!
AND;

T"\
-
kiem
tra
phan
tv
XOR.
IILnh
tU7.
Cie
b6 gia tri lhl( nghi¢m
T
deli
v6i
mach AND-XOR.
se
du,<!e
bieu
di~n
duoi
d~lJ1g
m'.leh
hai tang nhlf tren
hl11h
8.36. Cae
veeto' giJ tri
thu
nghi¢m
eho
nhfrng

m'.lch
IO~li
nay
co
C[\U
true klui dan
gian.
CYu
true mly
bao
gam gia
Ir(
'0'
doi voi
ll1ql
bien
va
gia
tr!
'1'
doi
v6i
cae
bien eon
l<;1i,
Neu
so
11Iqng
cac
tfeh

CLla
/I
bien
logic bang p,
chung
tu
co
tht
thfly
ding
s6
1l1qng
cac
veeld
gia tf! Ihu
nghi¢m
sc
btmg
(
2/1
+ 4 )
V~l
so
luqng
el,fc
d~li
cae
tfing
m~lch
se

b~\llg
p. Neu so sanh voi
dc
plnJ'aug
ph<.lp
xay
dL!ng
cae vccto gia trj thu
nghi¢m thong thuang, so
ilIQ'ng
d.e
vccto
gii.l
tr(
tho
nghi~m
kh6ng
16n.
291
M¢t
di~tn
khac
bi~t
la
soluqng
d.c
!ling
vU'Q1
xa
so

luqng tiing neu so s

lnh
nJ' xily dvng
tn;;tch
bAng
phU'C1ng
phJp
thong thuang.
2.
Hien the ctta
sa
Mi
m<;tch
va cac phau
to'
them
11100i
N6i chung.
de
don giiin h6a hai tmin phat
hi~n
16i
trong cae
m'.lCh
logic,
chung
ta
d.n
don giiin hoa

qua
trlnh quan silt cac phtin ben lrong
cua
m,.tch
va
gii.\n1
nl19
vi¢e thief
1(lp
de
gia
II',
tuy
Y
h.ti
dc
ditm
ben Irong ella
nl<.\ch.
Noi theo
dch
khae, chung ta can tang tfnh
d~
quun sat va kh;i nfmg
h~l1l
smil clla
111<.1cl1.
Voi
I11l,1e
dich do, chung ta

dU'a
van trong
mi.\Ch
nhling phan
IU
bo sung va
thl,fe
hi¢n vi¢e hien
deli
so
do clm
111' lch
sao
cho
m,~eh
kh6ng
thay
doi
vc
chu'c nang. a day, m¢t
vtin
de
quan
IH,lI1g
Ii!
chung ta
phii
Xil.c
d,nh
duve

tnl,lC
dieh chinh khi nghien CLfU
x<ly
dl.J'ng
nhO'ng
'm~ch
d~
kiem tra.
Neu
xuAt
phat
di~m
Iii.
s6
IU'qng
clJe lieu cae h¢
gii
II'!
rhu
nghi~m,
nhU'
v,)y eh(ing ta co the bien dbi
mi teh
di~n
sao cho c6 the phat hi¢n duqe
16i
chi
crin
il nhal
Iii.

ba
be)
gii.l
trj thu
nghi~m.
S6
IU\ing
nay
dU'qc
dU'a
ra dlJa vaa
nh.)n xet
111m
sau:
de'
co the phat hi¢n
16i
ella
nhO'ng
phfin
IU
AND
va
OR
c6
hai
dilU
vao, cluing ta ctln
it
nhal ba b¢ gi,i

tri
kie'm
nghi~m,
vi
v,-~y
c6
the'
noi
ba
b(l
gi<.1.
Ir,
thLr
nghi¢m
Iii.
dn
duai
thea
Iy
Ihuyct.
De
ph<.1.t
hi¢n loi eho
m;.leh
AND c6 hai dfiu
\,~IO,
chung
ta
d.n
plu'li

ki~ltl
tra ph
all
tu
v6i
ha
h¢ gia
tr!
duu
V~IO:
(
n.
I
),
(
I,
0
).
( I. I
).
Do
dl'l,
pll'-i.n
tif
A:"JD
co the
dli'l,)"(
kitlll tra boi btll k)' hai trang
so
de

clay
gii
II'!
dfiu v;\o
sal!:
S,,= I
all,
101, 110 I
Trang
truong hqp phan
tiI
OR.
\'i~c
ki.hn tra co th0 du9'c
hao
dam blii
h.:ft
ky
hai trong
s6
de
day
gii
trt duu VllO sau'
S"
= I 001,810. 100 I
Dc
e6
Ihe
plli.lt

hi~n
dU'qc
16i
dung cae dily gia
Irj
drill
vaa
neu Iren thl
m<.lCh
dn
phii
duqc bien doi
nhu
sau:
292
I.
Mi.~ch
phai duqc
c1llly~n
doi Ihanh
ll1i.tch
chi
chua
de
ph an
tu
AND,
OR,
NOT.
2. Philn

tl1
AND
(
hoi!.c
OR
) co
so
luqng uau vao la
ba
hll[te
hCiIl
SC
~
'
x 001
Y101
Z B f
b)
duqe khai trien thimh to
hqp
licn kct
tu,l.Il
tv
cua
cac
ph,l.l1
tu
Al\q
(
hm)c

OR
) co hai
dfiu
va~.
Vi
uy, phan
tll"
AND
c6 ba
d.l.u
van
In::n
hlnh 8.38a se
dlIt}C
kiwi
tri~n
th~ll1h
mach
gam
e6 cae kct noi
eua
cac
pluln tu
AND
hai dau van
1110
ta
tl"cn
hlnh
R.3Rh.

3.
chung
Bat
dfiu ttl
ok
Miu
vao,
ta ch91l
cae
h¢ gia trj
Ilinh
~UR.
Qua lduh phan ra
1ll1.ICh
cho phcp phal hien16i chi
Vlji
ba b6 gl,i
If!
dilu
vilo.
thu nghi¢m ttl trong
c<lc
ehuoi
S"
va
So
lUang ling voi
u,!-ng
clla phan
IU.

Truy~n
de
gia tf! nay toi
U,l.U
ra ella m',leh.
4. Neu trong
qUi.\.
Il"1nh
lruy~n
gia trj,
khang
nh(lIl
dUt}e
cae
day
tin hi¢u
ttl
SA
ho~e
So,
chung ta
dn
phai them vao duong tin hi¢u phun
tu
AND
ho~\C
OR co hai dau vao.
Vi
dL.I,
nc'u

day
d.c
gia
tr[
duqc Iva
cJ1911
nhu trcn hinh 8.38b, khi do
I<~i
dflu vao clla phan tu
AND
II se xuat
hi~n
day tin
hi~u
"001".
Neu
thcm phan
tu
OR
nhu trcn hinh 8.38e
V~l
Iva ehQn b¢ gia trj luong
Lrng,
llml trinh phat hi¢n
16i
t<;li
Uit
ea
cae phun
IU

trong
m,.tch
co
tht
uuqe thVe hi¢n chi bang
ba
b¢ gia trj thl! nghi¢m.
5.
L~p
buoc
IB
va ll4
cho
toi khi lren tal
d.
de
phan
tLr
trong
111'.ICh
thiet
l~p
duqe cae
gi<i
tf!
thu
nghi¢m.
Vi
uy
ve

phuang phap nay duqc
uLfa
ra tren hinl) ti.39. Vi¢e ,ip dyng
buoc
1 va 2 uoi v6i
m<;teh
Iren hinh 8.39a se d,\n t6i Ilweh trcn hitlh 8.39b.
Sau
do bang each ap dyng luan
II.}'
cac buoc 3 va 4 dni v6i
m'.lCh
tren hlnh
8.39b.
chung
ta
nh~n
ULfqc
m<;tch
Iren h1nh 8.39c.
Plll(ong phap noi tren co y nghia
ly
Ihuyct tfcn
quan
diem xuy dVng
m<.tch
voi
solu'lng
CLla
bl}

gia trt
kie:m
nghi¢m toi thieu.
Trang
tlwe Ie khong
Ung
dyng duqe vi phai tang
soluqng
cae phan
IU
len nhicu.
293
Trcn
quan
diem
llwe hanh Ihl ta can phili tang tlnh
hi~u
qua
eua qua tr1nh
tong
hQ'p
cae
gia
tei
kiem
nghi¢m
voi slf tang t6i thieu
so
IUQ'ng
cae philo

tLI'
m,~eh.
294
x
r

y
, 1
Z r++
__

x
110
100
0,
Y
101
c,
01
001
011
c-
Z 010
,
c,
100
o 1
010
C
4

001
f
a)
b)
100
0,
010
0,
001
°e
c)
011
07
0,
101
001
Hinh 8.39. Phan ra cae ph[ill
ttf
nhicu dall vilo thanh Ole
pldn
ttr
hai
diiu vao: a) vi
du
mach
tci
hop:
b)
xay dung mach theo
cAu

tnk
dang cay: c)
ph:l.n
ril
thanh
ok
ph[in ttr hai dau vao.
Rai
t:)p
cho
chu:ung
H
I.
Tim
nweh
sCi
e6
lhe
chua
m¢t loi
ngit
In4eh
kh6ng
phal hi9n
dm:;1C.
2.
C6 ton
t<~i
m"t
mi leh

10
hQP
C voi m9t dl1ang tfn
hi~u
S nao
d6
"il h9
gJ<l
trj Ihtl' nghi¢m I
sao
eho
b¢ gia
tr~
t
co
the phat hi¢n d hai loi s-a-O
"il
s-a-l
In~n
dLIong
tin hieu S ? Hay eho vi
dl,l
hm~c
chung
minh
rtmg dieu
d6 la kh6ng the
x~y
ra.
3.

Cho
1TI4ch
so
In~n
hinh D8.1. Hay xac
djnh
haITI
ra ella mach
<.lSi
v6i
nhung
loi sau:
a)
Loi
hac
cUu
A: JD
giu'a cae
dau
vao ella phun
tiI
U I.
b) Loi kep {Xl s-a-l,
Xc
s-a-O}.
x,
G1
a
x,
Hlnll 88.1

4.
Vai
m~ch
di~n
trcn hinh
mu.
nhu'ng
h!)
gia
tr~
nilo
lrong cae h¢
gi,ilr!
sau sc phal hi¢n loi
Xl
s-a-O:
a.
(0.
1.
I,
1
):
b.
(1.
1.
1.
1
):
c.
(I,

I,
O.
1
):
d.
(1.0,1.0).
5. Doi voi
lm~eh
di~n
tren
hlnh
D8.!,
hay xac djnh hieu thue 16gieeho
tAt
Ci.l
cae
b¢
gia
tr!
thlrnghi¢m
ph
at
hi¢n
16i:
a.
x,
s-a-O:
b.
x
2

s-a-O:
c.
x1s-a-l:
6.
Hay
thLfe
hi¢11
nhG'ng
thao lac sau doi
nJi
lTI<:tch
di~n
trcn
hlnh
ll8.2:
295
296
A
B
C
Tim
(i.~p
hqp
hft
ca
d.e
bQ
gia
tr!
thu

nghi~m
ph<it
hi~n
16i
a:
s-a-O:
"I1m
t(lp
hqp
Ull
d
de
hQ
gia
trj thtl
nghi¢m
philt hi¢n loi
b:
~-a-O;
Tim
(~p
hqp
tat
d.
cae
bQ
gia
tr~
thu
nghi¢m pilat hien

16i
kcp
l
a s-a-O, b s-a-O)
a
/
~
-
Z
r-
Hinh 88.2
D
TiIi
Ii~u
tham
kiulo
1.
Sa\"diev.
A.
Ya.
Prikladnaya
Theorya
Tsiphrov)'kh
Avtom<lto\'.
Utsdmik
dlya
VUZOV
po spets EVM. M Vysshaya Shkola 1987.
272
pp.

2. Savclicv.
A.
Ya. Ovtsinnikov. V.
A.
Konstruirovanic
EVM
i ")".;km.
ljt:.;ehnik dlya
VUZOV.
M Vysshaya Shkola
1984.248
pp.
3.
Norcnko\'. L
P.
Manitscv.
V.
B.
Systemy
avtomatizirovannog;o
Proektirovaniya
c1cktrollnoi i v)'tsislitelnoi
apparatuf)'.
M
Vysshaya Shkoia
1994.272
pp.
4.
Ugryumov
E.

P.
Proektirovanie elementov i uzlov
EVE.
M Vysshaya
Skula 1987. 315pp.
5.
K.
Kinosita.
Logitsheckoe
proektirovanhie
SBlS.
M Mir !
989.3
\0
pp
6. R.
S.
Sanclige.l\lodcrn
Digital
Design. McGraw-Hili, Inc. 1990.
7c.t1
Pl'·
7.
Y.
Hsu.
K.
F. Tsai. J.
T.
Ltu, E.
S.

Lin.
VHDL
modeling
for
Digital
design
synthesis.
Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995. T"i6pp.
8.
D~Ulg
V[\I1
Chuye"t. K5'
thu~t di~n
til
s6.
r ;XBGD, 200n.
9.
Nguyen
Thuy
Vtm. Ky
thu~t
s6.
NXBKHKT.
19q1J.
10. G. De Micheli.
Synthesis
and
Optimization
of
Digital

Circuits.
~1c
Graw-HilL Inc. 1994. 580pp.
11.
I

Nayabi.
VHDL.
Analysis
and
Modeling;
of
Digital
Systems.
Me
Uraw-HilL
Inc. 1998. 632pp.
12. M.
Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer, Arthur D. Friedman.
Digital
Systems
Testing
and
Testable
Design. Wiley-IEEE Press 1993.
653
pp.
297