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HIGH-TECH
OR
HI-TEC?
high-tech
or
hi-tec?
Both
spellings
are
correct
for the
adjective derived
from
high technology:
A
HI-TEC
factory
A
HIGH-TECH
computer system
Without
the
hyphen, each word
can be
used
as a
noun replacing
'high
technology':
A
generation

familiar
with
HIGH
TECH
The
latest development
in HI TEC
hindrance
(not
hinderance)
hippopotamus
(singular) hippopotami
or
hippopotamuses (plural)
See
FOREIGN
PLURALS.
historic
or
historical?
HISTORIC
means famous
in
history, memorable,
or
likely
to go
down
in
recorded history:

a
HISTORIC
meeting
HISTORICAL
means existing
in the
past
or
representing something that could have happened
in
the
past:
a
HISTORICAL
novel
a
HISTORICAL
fact
Note
It
would
not be
wrong
to say or
write
an
historic meeting,
an
historical novel,
an

historical
fact.
However, this usage
of an
before words like
hotel, historic
and
historical
is
becoming much less
common,
now
that
the h
beginning these words
is
usually
voiced.
hoard
or
horde?
To
HOARD
is to
save something
in a
secret place.
A
HOARD
is a

secret store.
104
A
HORDE
is a
large group
of
people, insects
or
animals.
hoarse
or
horse?
HOARSE
means croaky, sore
or
rough
(a
HOARSE
whisper).
HORSE
is an
animal.
hole
or
whole?
Use
these exemplar sentences
as a
guide:

She
ate the
WHOLE
cake
by
herself.
You
have
a
HOLE
in
your sock.
homeoepathy/homeopathy
Both
spellings
are
correct.
honest
(not
onnist
or
honist)
honorary
(Note-,
this
word
has
four
syllables
not

three.)
An
HONORARY
secretary
of an
association
is one
who
works voluntarily
and
receives
no
payment.
honour
honourable
hoof
(singular) hoofs
or
hooves (plural)
See
PLURALS
(v).
hoping
or
hopping?
hope
+ ing =
hoping
hop + ing =
hopping

See
ADDING ENDINGS
(i) and
(ii).
horde
See
HOARD
OR
HORDE?.
horrible
(not
-able)
105
HORRIBLE
horse
See
HOARSE
OR
HORSE?.
human
or
humane?
HUMAN
beings
are
naturally competitive.
There must
be a
more
HUMANE

way of
slaughtering
animals.
humour
humorous (not humourous)
humourless
hundred
(not
hundered)
hung
See
HANGED
OR
HUNG?.
hygiene
(not
-ei-)
See
EI/IE
SPELLING RULE.
hyper-
or
hypo-?
The
prefix
'hyper'
comes
from
a
Greek

word
meaning
'over',
'beyond'.
Hence
we
have words like
these:
hyperactive
(=
abnormally active)
hypermarket
(=
a
very large self-service store)
hypersensitive
(=
unusually sensitive)
The
prefix
'hypo'
comes
from
a
Greek word
meaning
'under'.
Hence
we
have words like these:

hypochondria
(the
melancholy
associated
with
obsession with
one's
health
was
originally believed
to
originate
in the
organs beneath
the
ribs)
hypodermic
(=
under
the
skin)
hypercritical
or
hypocritical?
HYPERCRITICAL
=
excessively critical
106
HORSE
HYPOCRITICAL

=
disguising
one's
true nature
under
a
pretence
of
being better than
one
really
is
See
HYPER-
OR
HYPO-?.
hyperthermia
or
hypothermia?
HYPERTHERMIA
=
having
an
abnormally high
body temperature
HYPOTHERMIA
=
having
an
abnormally

low
body
temperature
See
HYPER-
OR
HYPO-?.
hyperventilate
or
hypoventilate
HYPERVENTILATE
= to
breathe
at an
abnormally
rapid rate
HYPOVENTILATE
= to
breathe
at an
abnormally
slow
rate
See
HYPER-
OR
HYPO-?.
hyphens
(i)
Hyphens

are
used
to
indicate word-breaks where
there
is not
space
to
complete
a
word
at the end
of
a
line.
Take
care
to
divide
the
word
at an
appropriate
point
between syllables
so
that your reader
is
not
confused

and can
continue smoothly
from
the first
part
of the
word
to the
second part.
There
are
dictionaries
of
hyphenation
available
that
will indicate sensible places
to
break words.
They
don't always agree with each other!
You
will also notice
a
difference
in
practice between
British
English
and

American
English.
Increasingly,
however,
the
trend
is
towards
American
English
practice, i.e. being guided
by
the way the
word
is
pronounced.
Break
the
word
in
such
a way as to
preserve
the
overall
pronunciation
as far as
possible.
It is
really

a
matter
of
common sense.
For
this reason
you
will avoid breaking:
107
HYPHENS
HYPHENS
father
legend
therapist
manslaughter
notable
into
into
into
into
into
fat-her
leg-end
the-rapist
mans-laughter
not-able
and
so on!
Note:
that

the
hyphen should
be
placed
at the
end of the first
line
(to
indicate that
the
word
is
to be
continued).
It is not
repeated
at the
beginning
of the
next.
The
children
shouted
enthusias-
tically
as
they raced towards
the
sea.
If

you are
breaking
a
word that
is
already
hyphenated, break
it at the
existing hyphen:
Both
my
parents
are
extremely absent-
minded.
Breaking
a
word
always makes
it
look
temporarily unfamiliar.
You
will
notice
that
in
printed books
for
very young readers word-

breaks
are
always
carefully
avoided. Ideally,
you
also will
try to
avoid them. Anticipate
how
much
space
a
word
requires
at the end of a
line
and
start
a new
line
if
necessary. Whatever
happens, avoid breaking
a
word very close
to its
beginning
or its
end,

and
never break
a
one-
syllabled word.
(ii)
Hyphens
are
used
to
join compound numbers
between
21
and 99:
twenty-one twenty-five
fifty-five fifty-fifth
ninety-nine ninety-ninth
Hyphens
are
also used
to
join fractions when
they
are
written
as
words:
108
three-quarters
five-ninths

(iii) Hyphens
are
used
to
join compound words
so
that they become
one
word:
my
son-in-law
a
twenty-pound note
her
happy-go-lucky smile
You
will sometimes need
to
check
in a
dictionary whether
a
word
is
hyphenated
or
not.
Sometimes
words
written

separately
in a
ten-
year-old
dictionary will
be
hyphenated
in a
more
modern one; sometimes words hyphenated
in an
older dictionary will
now be
written
as one
word.
Is
it
washing machine
or
washing-machine,
wash-basin
or
washbasin, print-out
or
printout?
Such
words need
to be
checked individually.

(iv)
Hyphens
are
used with some prefixes:
co-author,
ex-wife, anti-censorship
Check
individual words
in a
dictionary
if you are
in
doubt.
Always
use a
hyphen when
you are
using
a
prefix
before
a
word
that begins with
a
capital
letter:
pro-British,
anti-Christian, un-American
Sometimes

a
hyphen
is
used
for the
sake
of
clarity.
There
is a
difference
in
meaning between
the
words
in
these
pairs:
re-cover
and
recover
re-form
and
reform
co-respondent
and
correspondent
(v)
Hyphens
are

also used
to
indicate
a
range
of
figures or
dates:
109
HYPHENS