Những từ dễ nhầm lẫn trong tiếng anh 9 pdf

SECRETARY
scissors
Scotch,
Scots
or
Scottish?
Use
SCOTCH only
in
such phrases
as
SCOTCH
broth,
SCOTCH
whisky,
SCOTCH
eggs,
SCOTCH
mist
and so on.
When referring
to the
people
of
Scotland, call
them
the
SCOTS
or the
SCOTTISH.
The

term
SCOTCH
can
cause
offence.
The
words
SCOTS
is
often used
in
connection
with aspects
of
language:
He
has a
strong SCOTS accent.
The
SCOTS language
is
quite distinct
from
English.
What
is the
SCOTS
word
for
'small'?

We
also talk about SCOTS
law
being
different
from
English
law.
In
connection with
people,
we
have
the
rather
formal
terms
Scotsman/Scotsmen
and
Scotswoman/Scotswomen.
Remember also
the
Scots
Guards.
SCOTTISH
is
used rather more generally
to
refer
to

aspects
of
landscape
and
culture:
SCOTTISH
history, SCOTTISH dancing, SCOTTISH
traditions, SCOTTISH universities,
the
SCOTTISH
Highlands
search
seasonable
or
seasonal?
SEASONABLE
=
normal
for the
time
of
year
(SEASONABLE
weather)
SEASONAL
=
happening
at a
particular season
(SEASONAL

employment)
secretary
(singular) secretaries (plural)
(not
secer-)
See
PLURALS
(iii).
179
SEIZE
seize
(not -ie-; an exception to the EI/IE SPELLING RULE)
self
(singular) selves (plural)
See
PLURALS (v).
Sellophane
Wrong
spelling.
See
CELLOPHANE.
Sellotape
(not
cellotape)
semicolons
Semicolons have
two
functions
(i)
They

can
replace
a
full
stop
by
joining
two
related sentences.
Ian is
Scottish.
His
wife
is
Irish.
Ian is
Scottish;
his
wife
is
Irish.
(ii)
They
can
replace
the
commas
in a
list which
separate items. Semicolons

are
particularly
useful
with longer items
where
commas might
be
needed
for
other reasons.
Emily
has
bought some lovely things
for her new
flat:
five
huge, brightly coloured
floor
cushions;
some woven throws,
in
neutral colours
and of
wonderful
textures;
an
Afghan
rug;
a
brilliant

blue
glass vase;
and a
wine-rack, very elegant,
shaped like
two Ss on
their backs.
sensual
or
sensuous?
SENSUAL
=
appealing
to the
body (especially
through
food, drink
and
sex)
SENSUOUS
=
appealing
to the
senses aesthetically
(especially
through music, poetry, art)
sentence
(not -ance)
180
SEQUENCE

OF
TENSES
sentiment
or
sentimentality?
SENTIMENT
= a
sincere
emotional
feeling
SENTIMENTALITY
=
over-indulgent, maudlin
wallowing
in
emotion (sometimes with
the
suggestion
of
falseness
and
exaggeration)
sentimental
This
adjective
comes
from
both
'sentiment'
and

'sentimentality'
and so can be
used
in a
fairly
neutral
way as
well
as a
pejorative way:
SENTIMENTAL
value
(from
sentiment)
for
SENTIMENTAL
reasons
(from
sentiment)
sickly
SENTIMENTAL
songs
(from
sentimentality)
separate
(not seperate)
Remember
that there
is A RAT in
sep/A/RAT/e.

separate
separated, separating, separation
See
ADDING
ENDINGS
(ii).
septic
See
SCEPTIC
OR
SEPTIC?.
sequence
of
tenses
This
means that tenses must match within
a
sentence.
You
have
to
keep within
a
certain time-
zone:
I
telephoned everyone
on the
committee
and

tell
them exactly what
I
thought.
I
telephoned everyone
on the
committee
and
TOLD
them exactly what
I
thought.
He
said that
he
will
ask her to
marry him.
He
said that
he
WOULD
ask her to
marry him.
I
should
be
grateful
if you

will send
me an
application
form.
181
I
should
be
grateful
if you
WOULD
send
me an
application
form.
Fergal
smiles
at us,
waves goodbye
and was
gone.
Fergal
smiles
at us,
waves goodbye
and IS
gone.
sergeant
(not
sergant)

See
SOFT
c
AND
SOFT
G.
serial
See
CEREAL
OR
SERIAL?.
servere
Wrong spelling.
See
SEVERE.
serviceable
(not
servicable)
See
SOFT
c
AND
SOFT
G.
sesonable
Wrong
spelling.
See
SEASONABLE
OR

SEASONAL?.
sesonal
Wrong spelling.
See
SEASONABLE
OR
SEASONAL?.
several
(three syllables)
severe
(not
servere)
severely
severe
+
ly
sew or
sow?
Use
these exemplar sentences
as a
guide:
Sarah
can SEW and
knit
beautifully.
She
is
SEWING
her

trousseau now.
She
SEWED
my
daughter's christening
gown
by
hand.
She
has
SEWN
all her
life.
182
SERGEANT
SHAMING
OR
SHAMMING?
The
best time
to SOW
broad beans
is in the
autumn.
He's
out now
SOWING
parsley
and
sage.

He
SOWED
seed that
he
saved
from
the
year before.
He
has
SOWN
the
last
of the
lettuce seed.
sewage
or
sewerage?
SEWAGE
= the
waste products carried
off by
means
of
sewers
SEWERAGE
= the
provision
of a
drainage system

shall
or
will?
The
simple
future
tense uses
'shall'
with
I and we
and
'will'
with
the
other pronouns:
I
shall drive
you
(singular)
will drive
he/she/it
will drive
we
shall drive
you
(plural) will drive
they will drive
By
reversing
'shall'

and
'will'
you
introduce
a
note
of
determination.
I
will drive
you
shall drive
he/she/it
shall drive
we
will drive
you
shall drive
they
shall drive
This
distinction
is
lost
in the
contraction: I'll drive.
However,
in
speech,
the

tone
of
voice will indicate
which
is
intended.
shaming
or
shamming?
shame
+ ing =
shaming
sham
+ ing =
shamming
See
ADDING ENDINGS
(i) and
(ii).
183
shan't
This
contraction
for
'shall
not'
would
at one
time
have

been punctuated with
two
apostrophes
to
indicate
where letters have been omitted
(sha'n't).
Use
just
one
apostrophe nowadays (shan't).
See
CONTRACTIONS.
sheaf
(singular) sheaves (plural)
See
PLURALS
(v).
shear
or
sheer?
SHEAR
is a
verb
(a
doing word)
and
means
to cut
off.

SHEER
is an
adjective
and
means very thin
(SHEER
material),
almost perpendicular
(a
SHEER
cliff)
or
whole-hearted
(SHEER
delight).
sheikh
(also sheik, shaikh,
shaykh
- but
these
are
less usual
spellings)
shelf
(singular)
shelves
(plural)
See
PLURALS (v).
sheriff

(not
-rr-)
shining
or
shinning?
shine
+ ing =
shining
shin
+ ing =
shinning
See
ADDING ENDINGS
(i) and
(ii).
shoe
These
are the
tricky tenses
of the
verb
'to
shoe':
The
blacksmith
SHOES
the
horse.
He
is

SHOEING
the
horse
now.
He
SHOD
the
horse last week.
He
has
SHOD
the
horse regularly.
should
or
would?
'Should'
and
'would'
follow
the
pattern
of
'shall'
and
'will'.
184
SHAN'T