English for Chemists Lesson 4 pdf

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English for Chemists
Lesson 4
GV: Châu Nhật Bằng
Trường: ĐH Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu
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Refining Operation

Cracking
The breaking up of heavy molecular weight
hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbon molecules by
application of heat and pressure, with or without using
catalysts.

Polymerization
process of reacting monomer
molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-
dimensional networks or polymer chains.

Isomerizationthe
process by which one molecule is
transformed into another molecule which has exactly the
same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged
.

Reforming
a chemical process used to convert
petroleum refinery naphthas, typically having low octane
ratings, into high-octane liquid products.
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Prefix


De- : away, from, down
dewaxing, depentanizer, dehyhrogen reaction,
dethroned, devalue

Thermo- or therm- : hot
Thermodymamics, thermodynamic, thermometer,
thermostable

Co- : together, with
co-author, coeducation, co-worker, co-star,
cooperation
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Suffix

-ion discuss discussion, confess confession

-tion prohibit prohibition, regulate regulation

-sion explode explosion, persuade persuasion

-ssion permit permission, admit admission,
succeed succession

-version convert conversion, pervert perversion

-ation alter alteration, explode exploration,
hesitate hesitation

-ition Compete competition, define definition


-ption receive reception, subscribe subscription,
consume consumption
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Pronunciation

TH sound
THUMB
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Pronunciation
Beginning

Thanks

Thick

Thunder

Thursday

Think
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Pronunciation
Middle

Anything

Toothpick

Athletic


Mouthwash
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Pronunciation
End

Bath

North

Beneath

Fourth

South
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Pronunciation

The ‘Voiced TH’ Sound
Voiced ‘TH’ at the beginning of words
The
That
They
Them
There
This
Those
These
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Pronunciation


Clothing

Leather

Mother

Another

Weather

Northern
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Pronunciation

Smooth

Bathe

Breathe
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Pronunciation
“TH” Exceptions

Thomas

Thompson

Theresa


Thailand

Thames
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Grammar of sentences

Complex sentence
A complex sentence has one independent clause
and one (or more) dependent clauses.
Ex:
-
Because grammar is easy, I learned it quickly.
-
I learned grammar quickly because it is easy.
-
One of my favorite films is ‘My Love’, which is in
Russian.
-
They do not agree that grammar is easy.
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Grammar of sentences

Noun clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause that
functions as a noun. It can be a subject, object,
or subject complement.
Ex
-
I know that people have different opinions about
their future.

-
I believe that my students are very intelligent.
-
I hope that they love studying English.
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Grammar of sentences

That-clauses are made from statements.
They states that science courses require a
laboratory period.
It also points out that lad attendance is
mandatory.
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
Wh-word clauses are formed from wh-
question. They are introduced by Wh-
words such as: who, when, where, what,
which, how, how much, how many…

Ex
-
I do not know where student café is.
-
I explained how complex sentences are
formed.
-
Do you know which answer is correct?
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
If-whether-clauses are formed from

yes/no questions.
I don’t know whether (or not) I should teach you
less.
An engineer determines if the measurement are
correct.
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