OXFORD LEARNER''''S GRAMMAR - PART 5 potx

,
9 l-·

H~-ett
'
Ht!~
wtme ffl-sptte-ttf-+-
\¥itS
-
ft-
Het:llrttl
10
We
hrlvcn+ &
'
h;)il
e-t
~
fit~I~lHhe
~
work
-
in-tinle.
213
Introduction
to
participles
~
Finder
121
In

this paragraph from
an
e-mail
the
participles are in bold type. Answer the questions
about
them
Unfortunately I can only type one-handed becau!>c I've
broken
my arm. I did
it
yesterduy play'nK
football. It took ages to gel
it
seen
to
of
course. Having been laken
to
hospllalm
a taxi, I flll.:t!d a
very
long wall. There
seemed
to be
quite
a few people being trealed for spnrls injuries.
1i8vlnA:
sat
there patiently for what

l>ccmed
like houTs, I finally
gOI
some uneotian. I'll have
10
keep off
the
romhall field fur a few weeks,
~
playing
Active or passive?
a
c.
{ ;
ve
I
having sat
Perfeci or continuous?
2 having b(!cn t;;lken Active
or
passive?
. . . . . . .
3 being IrcalCd Perfect or continunus?
. . . . . . .
4 secn
1',lst
or
passive?
. . . . .

. .
5
broken
Past
or
passive?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.
214 Participle clauses
II- Finder 122
Each
of these sentences
is
incorrect. Write
the
correct sentence.
~
l ntllieed a IOff)'
d6wn
··
the-hll1
eO''Hillg
.
. . ;
~
;
;~0
.
~

!
0
'
T
!J
.
C.p
.
",!
i
~
4~~
.
t~w.
h!(f
H8
Y
tng
-beetHoi:lFlcelied
the-sho'n',
"'''e
all
weill
hOtfte.
2 We-eftn heat'-mtHlCighhoor
t~ane
-
phtytttg
.
. . . . . . . . . . .

3
hfen
hftYHtg,
;
.';","';""ed<l-o
•

+llh",
.
,nll",.
,-
,
*K88ren-t'ft'tg-1~le
·hell
2
1.
~
.
lilti onuctum
\{l
pa
rl
i
r.:l
plt'l;
109
215 Participle + noun
Ii>'
Finder
123A

- B
Complete this news report. Put in
the
correct participle form of each verb in brackets.
A
I;t
r
gc
part
()f
Ihe
north
of
England was hit by a (", ) .
r<l.1;;~.
(rage) s
torm
which
s
wepl
across
the
country
yesterday, leaving a trail
of
(

) . .
0~~~~r~

(
damage
)
building
s
behind
it.
Large
numbers of
(I)
. . .



(i
njure) people were treated
in
hospiHlls or by
paramedics
One
man
, a
(2
)

. (retir
e)
pO
s
tman

who
lived in L
eeds,
dipd
urler
he
wa!>
s
truck
Oil
the
head
by a (3) .

. . (fall )
roof
tile.
The
(
4)
. . . . . .

,
(.llarrll)
force
of
the (5) . . (howl) winds forced
millly
people
10

take
shelter.
Th
er
e
was
chaos on the roads liS many were blocked
by
{6} . .



(fail) trees. The
(7) . . (nul expect) slorm
flOW
thwatens
(0
bring
floods
[0
the
(lrea
, as the
~(i11
(
8)
. . . (rise)
Willers
of
Ihe

Hivcr
Ouse
have almost reached
danger
level.
216 Compound participle +
noun
~
Finder 123C-D
Rewrite
the
phrases using a
compound
wIth
an
active
or
passive participle .

a task
which
c:onsuml.,
'S
it
101
of
lime
I a
scheme
which

saves
moncy
2 a movie
pa
cked
with
action
:1
a
table
with
it
glass
top
4
criticism
[hat
hits
hard
5 a hUlldmg
that
looks
strange
6 a result r/rul breaks your heart
7 a girl
wi
th faIr hair
and
blue
eyes

217 Verb + participle
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

.

.
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .

.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Finder
124A
For
each
picture,
write
a
sentence
from
the
table.
~mftn

went mjured af the
gale
.
The family
can
racing
from
the building.
People
sffi
screamIng
down the slope.
The player stood
st-ar-iflg
on
the grass.
The
girls
lay
waving
HtttM;1'flff
.
-
-~
110
21
5 • P;Ht l('ip
lc
+
no

un
2
3
4
18
I saw
you
do/doing
it
o
4

Finder 12SA- C
A
detective
is
giv
i
ng
evidence
in
court
.
Comb
i
ne
his
tw
o sentences
int

o
one
.

I watched the
11101
11
. He
bumped
illlo a
woman
a
nd
sn
atched
h
er
ha
ndba
g.
· .
~
wa tt:·
~
~
-
0
.t
.
/~

.
".,",,!-,"}
~t
,:,¥,
y~~~
<?
.w.
0
,"'""fl
.
<1
. '
.l
r:v~
YyO;
't
'
h./
?C
'".
~~ ~t:o.3
'
.

We saw a group of men outside
the
pub
. They were figh ting.
· .
I.~.

~
.
"-!
9
.3f0J
P
.o
/
~)
:fiil
~l\;':1
Oa~
s
.;c1~
.t !
~
.P!A
.b:
We s
aw
a ma
n.
He threw a brick
at
the
shop
windo
w.
· . . . . . . . . . . "
2 I

he
ard
~
om
co
n
c.
They broke down the door.
. . . . . . . . . .
3 I saw a youllg
mom.
He was being att
(lc
ked by scvcml others.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .
4 I ohse
rv
ed a blue car. It
wa
s driving vcry fast towards the rnolorwa
y.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .


.
5 \\le
h c
~

m
l
so
methmg
. People were shou
ti
ng ilnd screamIng.
. . . . . . . . . .


.
6 I noticed a w
oman
. She put t
wo
tins in her
ba
g and le
ft
the
s
t
~
)1"e
Wllhout
pa
ying
, ' ,
l
iB

- f
ww
you dokioillg it
111
219 Verb +
object
+
participle
Put
one
mi
ss
Ing word in each sentence.
II>
J left
your
sisl
er.
~I
tt
f~

In
fin
armchair
in
frulll
of
Ihe tel
ev

lsloll
I
wanted
my hair . s
hon
. 1 had dccklcd.
2
loIs
of
people h
ea
rd
the
bomb

.
3 J'm sorry if I . . . . . you waiting .
4
We
'
ve
. a lot
of
money trying
to
muke this pla
ce
nic
e.
5

We
could hf'ar a hurgJar alarm

in
the
next street.
6
Two
men were c
uu
g
lH
. . . . . .
10
break inlO the bank.
7 O
ur
leacher prefers Ihe homewo
rk
. he saved to disk
8 I found the
va~e
, \0 plc
ces
In
a
corner
of
the
room

.


.
kno
cked
down
.

Finder
125
9 We wa
tched
the
old f
ac
tory
10
rhe
spor
ts
leacher

. . . . us ill! dUlng exc
rt:J
Scs
in
the
gym
yes

terday.
220 Go swimming, do
the
washing, etc

Fi
nd
er 124B
Re
wr
ite
the parts in bold type.
Use
do
or
go and an jng-
form
.
Hannah. I might su
nbathe
for
a
bil
on
the
terra
ce
.

.

d£?
~
.
~I ~
':'
7
~
t
.h,
i
~.
,
Mark: Good Idea?
Co
min
g.
Amy?
Amy: I
need
10
iron
some
clo
l
hes
.
,

, . , , . . . . . . . , .
MlIrk: Amy, you

're
on
holiday.
Amy: Oh, all right. And I'd like ro
swim
In
the
sea
2
larer.
Mark
'
OK,
we'll go
alii
. I'll drive I'll take
yOll
in my
3
new
car.
Hannah: While
we're
out
,
we'd
be
tter
gel
so

m
et
h ing
at
the
shop
We
ha
ven't got
mll(
;h food
4
Mark:
We
ll
, we c
an
cat oul. We
don
't warH 10
cook
much,
do
we?
5
Amy:
No,
I agree. And
tomorro
w I'd like to

sail
somewhere
In a
boat
.
6
221 Con
junc
ti
on
+
part
iciple
~
Fi
n
der
126
look
at
this.
information
about
a piece of computer s.oftware. Rewnte each participle
clause as
a fimte clause.
.
~
Al
though

designed
f
or
all
co
m
put
en"
th
e
sofrwar
e
may
not
run
on
ol
der
muchine
s .
. .
~
~~3h
.
r~
ho.
~
~~.t"I.dc:;.~~~c.!-
ff?
r:

?!'
.~"!-':
.
r:
:-
'
the
software
may
nOI
run
on
older
machines.
11
2 2
19
.
V(,
fb
-t-
obJ
cc
t

p.
IrII
l.
lpli
'

•
•
When usinl( [his soflware, please
he
aware uf the sy
:,
(em requirement:,.
. . . . . . . . .
,pl
ease be aware
of
the
syMem
rcquircrncl1 t
:-,.
2 Once upened, this product
cannot
be
returned
. .

. . . . . .
.' II
cannot
be returned.
3
If
founu
to
be fauhy, the product

will
he repluced.
.

'
it
Will
be replaced.
222 Participle clauses
of
time
• Finder 127
Put
in
the
correct
form
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
~

~~~,,~
frl
!
e:
0

(hlJ)
up
with I)etwl, we
continued
nut
journey.
I I broke a tooth .

.

' ,

(bite)
on
a
nut
.
2 Michael drove
hume
from work, . . . . . . .

(achieve) nOlhinl( all day.
3 I Just had
10
slant!
there.
. . . .

. (stare)
at

hy all those people.
4 After

.



. . .

(look) round the
museum.
we
went
back
to
our
hotel
5 Every single sandwich






. (eat
).
there was
no
food left.
6 The drugs

entered
the country

. .


.

(hide) in a
contamer
7

(search) Ihe building. the pulice went away agam
8

(catch) Sight of Adam ilcross the strcct,
she
waved at
IUI11.
223 Participle clauses
of
reason

Finder 128
Match
the
two
parts
and
then

rewrite
the
sentence
using
a
participle
.

As
I had
been
cheated out of all
my
money,
I Because
he
dldn't
know
hi
s way
around,
2 Smce I
had
forgotten my watch,
3
As
she
IS recognized wherever s
he
goes,

" Because
the
weather is so
ItVoifu
l,
Simon
had
to
ask for directions.
motorists
have to make a long detour.
I eottldn!t-e-ren·

plty
~
tlle-rent
we've
iu:,t
had
10
stay indoors.
the
pop
Mar aJways has a bodyguard.
I
had
no
idea of
the
lime.

5
As
the road has
been
closed
by
rhe police.
~
____
.
L-
______
__
____
____
~
"
. .
~,!-~j~
~~':l
.
c.hf P.~~0
.
0\t
.
q.f.
'?oIl
':'"!/
.
~

3
J
~
.
c.
pu.
~
d.!'
't
~
v
~
f>PtJ.
t~.
r:0.t.

I
2
3
4
5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. , . . . . . . . , . . . . .

• • • f • • • • , • • • • • • • •
222 . I'HlII
C:
II)l
c cla

ll
s
e:.
ur
Ill11e 113
224 The use
of
participle clauses

Finder 127- 129
Look
at
each participle clause Does
it
express time. reason, result or a condition? Or
is
it a
(omment
on
the
sentence?

11
'
IVillg
lift
ed the n.
't.:civer
to
her

cnr, A
ng
ela replaced
it
thoughtfully.
I
Gcncr

lI
y speaking, people
trA
ve
l
mure
in s
ummer
than in
winter
.
2
The
co
mputer
c
ra
shed, dl 'Slroying a whole afternoon's work.
3 Pulling up sharply.
Tom
leapt."<l
oul ot the ca

r.
4
We
were very hungry, not having
eaten
all day.
S
Done
regularly, th
ese
cxcn.:iscs wtll improve your Iilness and health.
225
Other
participle clauses
Rewrite
the
parts
in
bold type using a
participle
.

Our
neighhour
fell
off a l
adde
r
and
broke

his
arm
.
OUf neighbour fell
off
a
laud
er,

l?':
~~~
i
01
fy
l-?
~
r~:

In view
of
the
effort we
put
in, the rewards
aren't
very great.
t i, e

Finder 129
. . . . .

. .




J the rcwards
ar
en't very
grcCII
2
The
pl;u,
:c was
il
m(.~
s.
Piles
of
papers
werc lying everywhere.
The place was a mess. . . . . . . . .


.

.
3
If

all is well. we shall mcet agam next yea
r.
. .



.


. '
we
sha
ll
meet again nexi year.
<1
If
you
Judge by
To~'s
attitude, he Is
n't
going to
go
along with
our
plans.
. . . . . .


.

,
hc
isn't going to go along with
our
plans
5
I knocked the milk over
and
spilled
ir
all
over
the
Hoar.
I knockcd the milk over, . . . . . . .

6 While
we're
on
the
subject
of
holidays.
when
are you laking yours?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


'

when
are you taking yours?
226 Participles

Finder
121
- 129
Write
a
second
sentence
so
that
it
has
a similar
meanmg
to
the
previous
one.
Use
the
word
in
brackets
In
a
participle
construction

.

If you use
it
properly, this gadget is
qUite
effecf;ve. (us
( d
)

~~
0
V.
O
~r:
I
!J1
tlJ
;
-:>
!Jc;:to;1.9
~
t.!
.5.
0/:-
'0
e
.f f
e
~,!-

I
v!!-:.
She lay in bed and worried all night. (worrymg)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.
2
We
've been invited to the welhJing, so wc've deCided
to
go (having)
3
If
the
weather IS
all
right. we might go out. (permitting)
. . . . . . . . . . . .




.
<1
I
didn
't have
much
money, S
Cl

I
c
oul~n't~buy
a
ti
cket. (having)
5 It would be nice to have a ride somewhere. (ndlllg)
114
224 •
Th
e
u: c
of
p
arm
.
lp
ic
C;
i
flIl
S
CS
6
The
team
tha
t wins will be
awarded
the

troph
y.
(winning)
.

. . . . . . .


. .

.
7 I wailed ho
ur
s,
and
th
en
I was told to
co
me hack Ihe next
da
y. (having)
8
In
vicw
of
whal's
happened
, I
think

you've
been
proved righl.
(cnnslden
llg)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .



.


. . . . . . . . .
9 Nevcr u
se
a
mobile
ph
one
and
dnve
a
car
at
the
suml.!
tIIne. (while)


10 The s

tereo
wa!>
bla~ting
out
rock
mu
sk,
so
cOl1vcr!>ation
was
impossible
(with)
227
Introducti
on
to
nouns

Finder 130A
Read
the
story
and
then
write
each
noun
In
the
correct

place
A
motonst
kept
parkmg
ill
egally
because
of
his
love for a tmffic
wa
r
den.
An
engineer
called Brian
fe
ll
for Su
sa
n
after
s
he
gave
him
a ticket for lellving
hi
s

C'
IT
on
a
main
mad
.
The
exper
ience
imp
ressed
him
so
mu
ch Ihal he
couldn'l
sto p t
ry
mg
10
attracl her
attent
iun The Iwo arc
now
good
fn
end
s,
btu

they
will
not
say if th
cir
fr
icndship
IS
likely
to
lead
10
murriugc .
1
C.o
ncrele
noun
s:
2 Roh,
.'s
.
3
Ab
stract
noun
s'
4 Names:
.
t:~!fr: !

.
."':"?t:':!5h
.

, .
./~~
'
.

.

, . ,

. .
228 The plural
of
nouns
Complete
each
sentence
Put
in
the
Singular
or
plural
form
of
a
noun

.
The hook is over 500 .
P,a;.~~;-'I
. . long.

Find
er
131
I /\ m,m went into the ncwsagent's ,
and
then
ca
me
out again five . later.
2
Til
e waiter
pomed
lWO
. .

of
winc.
3
WI;!
played football,
and
I scored a

.

4
Th
e school was closed,
.HlI.!
all
the.
. . were sent
home
5 I
can'
t drive
anywhere
because
my
. . .
ha
s b
ee
n stolen.
6
I'm always
bu
sy during
the
week, bUl I usua
ll
y have
so
me s
pare

lime <It .
7
You
cn
n'l buy
anything
here
because
the
re
are
no

in
the
village.
S
There
was
on
ly
one
. . . . . . . . stili free,
so
I
we
ill a
nd
sat
th

ere.
9 N
ow
you've
heard
what
I'
ve
had
to
say,
are
there
any

you'd
li
ke
to
ask.?
10
The
wi
nne
r
gOl
a go
ld
medal, and
th

e (wo

gO
I s
il
ver
ones
.
2
:!
7 . In
lrodu
c
tlon
(0 nOllns
11
5
229 The possessive form
Rewrite
the
phrases using a possessive
form
.

the
bag
lhal
belong~
10
Sar

ah
1
the
name
of
the
man

Finder
132
. . . . .
. . .

. .
2
the
flat whe
re
my friemls
li
ve
3 a
COlt
Ihal belongs
10
someone
. . . .

.

.

.
4
the
{Calli
that
lhe
women
have
formed
5 prnhlcms Ihul
stude
n
ts
have
6 the
son
of
my father's
fri
end
230 Possessive form
or
of?
. . . . .

.

.

Finder 133
Complete each sentence with
the
words
In
brackets
Use
the
possessive form
or
of
.

The
car damaged .
W~
~,:,':,>
,bIke
,' . . (the bike/the woman)
Ii>'
We
live al

~he
~
.'?f
t~
.::
t:~e t;

(th~
end/the
street)
I Can yuu tell
me
. . . . .

.



.

. 1 {lhe
(ostia
visa)
2 I
can', Ond . . .

. . . . .

"
and
he
need.;;
feeding. (lhc
food/the
dog)
3 In

the
middle
of
the lawn l
ay.
. . . . .

.




.' (t
he
football/the boys)
4
The
pollce took .
/.
.


. .


. . . . . . . . . .'
(the namt!s/everyone allendmg
the
meetin
g)

5 . . . . .





. . .

.


was broken when he
fel!
(the armlfloburt)
6
Those
ilre . . . . .

. .

.

(the lunch boxes/the workmen}
7
You
get a good view from . . . . • .
•.
• . . . . . . .

. (the top/
lhe
tower)
8
Is
this.
.


. •
.•

•.
. .
.?
(lhe correct
spe
llmg/
the
word)
231 Some
other
uses
of
the
possessive

Finder 134
These
sentences

are
correct,
but
you
could
make
them
a
little
shorter
.
Rewrite
them
using
the
possessive
form
.

The
shop sells clothes for childlCn .
. .
T~
#P.
~f/~.c h."~
l""'~':<5.c:
le
~
~:.
The

behaviour
of
yo
ur
friends
wa!'.
disgr.lceful
2
We
are very grateful for Ihe generosity
of
our
:sponsOl
3
The
selection of Ihe player for the natiun,,!
team
was inevitable.
4
There's
a changmg room for
women
ulong.lhe corridor.
116
229
.
Th
e pos.')cssivc f"frn
5 The
r

~igna
li
o n
of
the
mun
ster
surp
n
l>("'ti
everyone.
6 I pr!'fer Illilk fro
lll
II
cow 10 IInlk f
ro
m a
goal
7 The popularity uf the S
lar
will
guarall1
ee
th
e success
of
thc
fil
m.
232 Today's weather,

at
Sophie's, etc

Finder
135-136
Rewrite
the
phrases
in
bold using a possessive form.

Were you at
Ihe
annual
dinner
last yeur?
• .
l!l.::i
~
*I?
.r
'
.
~
P
.'
~"V
,
l<;'
f

A
,
~
e.
r:

We're all
going
to m
ce
l
where
Mauhew
lives.
We're
nlilookmg
furward to
the
game
on
Saturday
2 I ulwuys enjoy u
day
spent
fi!lhlng
3
Do
you know
the
code

word for Ihls
month?
4 The mtlcic was
In
'
nme
Magazine lost
week
5 Over
there
is
where
the
Wilsons live.
n To
pUI
Ihing
l>
nght
will
be
the
work
of
a
whole
week.
7 Theft! was a silence
of
a rew

seconds.
233
Countable
and
uncountable
nouns
Q
t.
HQ
t.t
he.w, '
.?
.

Finder 137
Put one
of
these
words
Into
each
sentence
, car, t:haN, food. health, Idea,
photo.
problem,
town,
violence.
Choose
the
corr

ect
form
, e .g. chair, a chair,
or
chalTS
.
to-
If cveryone
wanls
fo
sit down, we'll
need
ahOlll
flCty

c:-
~a.i'-,~

If
yo
u're
going
to
the
s
upermarket,
take
plenly
uf money
expensive here

2 There's
no
bus
l>CTVlCe
I
(
an
't
get
to
work without

. . .
3
NO
lh;ng
ever
run
, , moolhly ;n
my
job
.
There
arc always

4 I
can't
stand
all this fightlllg. I
hate

, , , .
, , . IS r
ca
lly
5 I love looking
al

, .


_.
They
a
lw
ays
bring
back
memories,
don't
the
y?
6
Gateshead
is
.
, . ,

, _ , in
the

north-
ellst
of
England,
7 I'm lucky thai I've nev
er
been
se
rious
ly
ill
, .

. .

, .
is
Important,
isn't
II
?
8 I'
ve
got . , , , . "
It
came
10
me s
udd
cnly while I was lying in

bed
.
212 •
T(}tlIlY
'.~
W
,,
:
aI
/I
CI, (//
So
p/li
e'
s,
etc
117
234
Countable
and
uncountable
nouns
Dec
i
de
which
IS
correct.
1
dldn

', have a camera,
so
I
couldn
't takc

q
'
~.p'hp~t?:.
.

al
any
photo
b)
any
photos
c)
photO
We
don', use
so

e
le
ctricity
In
summer.
a) much b) many
c)

great an
2 I think
th
ere's

. in
the
fridge.
a) a butter b)
so
me butter
c)
some butters
3 The guests
ate.
. . . . . food. TIlcre
wa~
nonc le
ft
over.
n)
muny b) every
c)
all the
4
You
'
ve
bought n lot
of

. .
u) bnnuna h)
egg
c)
water
5
I'm
out
of
work.
I'm
looking for

.
1\)
job
b)
a job
c)
so
me
Job
6 There aren't . . . cars
on
the
roOtd
loda
y.
al every b)
many

c)
mu
ch
/
235 The of-structure expressing
quantity
Write phrases with of.

a
oot.Ue
o-f
watef

' .
t~
~~,q~.
qf
fi~'
(
" " .
3
I
3
5
4
milk
. .

.

.

2
4
6
2
. . . . .
to-
Finder
1378
,
Finder 138
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .


.
. . . . . .


.
118
23
4.
Co
ulllnbl(
'
and
uru:olll1lnulc
110UIl

!\
236
Information,
news, etc

Finder
139
Choose the correct form .

Could you give
me
some
inrormalioE
/!!!.!.
or~.:.~,
pl
case?
1 I've been husy today, but I don't seem to have done much work/m,my works.
2 People
had
len
litter/litters everywhere.
::\
I've seen lots
of
a
dv
cnISC"nlent!Oldvcrti
scments for thiS product.
4 There's very few/liltle traffic

he
re
in
wi
ntcr.
5
My
~age
hiS
/
h;igGagcs
ha
ve
all
been sent
10
Chi<:ago
.
6 The ground's
WI
!
I,
so
we
must h'lve had a rain/a
~howcr.
? They'
re
guing
10

IOslall
several new
machlm'''nactiiiil'
~
8 Let'!!
hupe
we gel a/some mce
wC3Ih
cr

-
9 A lot
of
vcry villuab
lC'""]eWcl
was
/jewels were stolen.
10
If
you're going to climb a mountam,
you'll
need the right !::-quipmentlequipmenls.
11
I need
nn/some
advice
on
what
10
do,

12
Have you gal pcnnJssion/a
pernlls
~
10
u
.
~c
rhis computer?
13
There's alsome love
ly
scenery around here.
14
SciCntisiS are doing
rC!:.car
ch/a research into
the
prohle
rn
.
15
The
OIl
spillage
fronlthe
tanker is
hound
to
cause a

101
of
Rolllltion
l
pnlh
~
lion!:>
.
237 Nouns
that
can
be
either
countable
or
uncountable

Finder
140
Put one
of
these words in
each
sentence' conversation, egg, experience,
glass,
Iron.
light,
shame, sport success Decide
if
you need

to
use
alan or
not
.

Have you ever drunk Ica from

C)
.9~(l.~:";
,
Everyone enjoyed the party. so
It
must
h<lve
ht:cn .
2 When I woke
the
room was filled with
3 I'm
nOI
ve
ry
athletic, tlnd I
don't
like.
4 What's in this sandwich?
Is
It

.?
5
I'm
luokmg
forward to the fireworks.
It
would
hI:!

them
6 To tfavel round the wo
rld
really would
be
. .
at
all.
to mis
!'>
7
[met
the
prmcipal, and we had . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . about the course.
8 The Cells were
an
ancient peoplc who
used.
. . . • . .
•.

to make tools
2JG .
flJ
/
orma
t
wl/,
II,:
/IIS
. etc 119
238 Nouns
that
can be
either
countable
or
uncountable
~
Finder 140
Some
of
these
sentences have a mistake in
them.
Find
the
mIstakes
and
write
the

sentences correctly
a)
My
father
runs
small electrical business.
Il
) Can I
haVl
! two coffee.
plea
se?
c)
II's a pleas
ur
e
to
do
bU
!.
lIle
ss
with
y
ou
.
til
My
broth
er

IS
do
ing a cours{! in business.
e) I
ought
10
wash
my
hairs
tonight.
f)
[ haven't heard the news,
sa
r
I11lght
buy a paper.
g) J
was
woken
by
sudden
nois
(!
.
h)
The
re was illlemsting
paiming
on
the

wall.
i)
I
had
a lot
of
difficulty gelling a
IkkeL
j)
All
the
mcn
were
wea
ring
an
evemng
dres
s.
I
2
3
4
5
,

239
Two
nouns
together

3
What
can you see
in
the
pictures?
Use
these
words.
ball door handle
bed
fish
hclnwt
box
f"",_
h
os
pltul
church
go
lf
safely
4 •
•
1
•

. .
'}
f

t'!'?
tpv.
1I
0
1
(~.
I
2
3
-
lank
telephon
e
tower
5
.,
!-
••




4
fi
7
120
23U
. No
un
s

th
all III be c
uhc
l
cuuntahle
01
ItIl("olll1lable

Finder 141A
7
.•
.
.1
.
•
240
Two
nouns
together

Finder 141-142
241
Write
the
phrase for each explanation.

someone
who r1ays tennis
, tcu
In

the
afternoon
.
(J
,
t~0(l!
~
.
pl.a.
:I,
e:
r:






~f!-
~
rn
{Jo
!1
.
t,eq


.

. . .

.
I a door
made
of glass
2 a hill for electricity
3 a knife for
cutting
bread
4 the wall
of
a garden
5 shops in
the
centre
of
lown
6
an cxhibillon
of
books

. . .
.
. .



,

.
. .



. .




.
7 a
machine
that
mixes concrete
8 a hnltlt) for holding beer


.

.


. .

. .

.




.
~


,
9 an assIstant in a
shop
10
news about
busine
~s
1 J the figures relatmg to sall

'S
12
a
coolc
er
Ihal uses gas
J
.'!I
a forecast
of
what the wt'Dlht'r wIll
be

14
a car
lon
for holding yogurt
15
employees working in the steellOduslry
Phrases
after
a
noun
. .


.


. .




.


. .

iii"
Finder 143
Combine
the

information into one sentence.
Use
a phrase
to
modify
a noun .

That
man
is
my hoss. He's in the t.:orner.
· .
~Jlf!
':""?-0
.;~
fJ
?t':
f-9""~r:
!~.
m:J
~"
,
The restaurant
Is
closing down.
It's
"em
our
oftke,
. . , , . , , , , , . . . .

.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
2
The
diSCU
SS
ion
W.IS
very interestmg
It
was yesterday.
·


,

.
:3
A
plCce
of rock
fe
ll
down the cliff
It
was the s
iz
e

of
a
fc.xuball
.
· , .



, . ,

, ,

.

.
4 Our holiday
wu!o
wonderful.
It
was
on
the island of
5t
lucia
.
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 People will
co
mplain.
Well,

they
will
if
they are aware
of
their right
s.
· . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
6
Thcre
'
~
a
photo
. h
'!i,
of
the
group. They
WCll
~
at a street market.
The
market was in France.
· . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . .
7
My
brother gues to u school. H
's
for young

t.:
hlldren. They have learmng
difficulti~.
240
_T
wo
noun
" Im
!c
lill'1
III
U Review
of
nouns
IP
Finder
132-143
Decide which answer
is
correct.

I'm hoping \0 hear

~:
~
~~
.;;

soon.
a) a

!l
eW
IlJ
a
Ilt
!
WS
c)
SO
niC n
ew
d} s
ome
news
JI
's

. . .
walk.
from
her
e In [he university.
u) hour bl
,In
hom
c)
an hOllr's d) an hours'
2 I
need.
. . . . . . . . . paper to

write
all
.
a) a hi II pi
ece
c) pie
ce
of
d) n piece
of
:1
We
climbed
up
(he
Slims
10
th
e.
. .

. .
, , "
n)
hllihling's top
b)
building
s'
lo
p

c)
top
of
building d}
lOp
of
lhe
bUlldmg
4 I'm afraid I
haven
't
got

. . .
a)
mu
ch
1Il0lll'Y
bl
mu
ch muneys
c)
many
mone
y d) many moneys
5 A bookshelf is a , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
aJ s
helf
full
of

books b) s
helf
made
of
books
c)
she
lf
for [lul'ling books on
d)
bonk
about
shelves
6 Luckily there
was
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

in
our
hOlel lOUIn.
a)
iron
III
an
iron c)
some
iron d)
some

Irons
7 Why
~hou!dn
'
t

, ,

, . ,

, " ' , , , . , , do
as
good a
Job
as men
du
O'
a)
woman
pilot b )
wome
n pilot
c)
woman
pilot
s d) women pilots
8 The
hor
se
has

won
lnt
~
of
races,
It
's
a
c:
ham
plon
,
a)
horser<KC
b) ra
ce
horse
cl
hor
s
es
ra
Ce
d)
ra
ces
horse
9 The

, . ,

,.
",
. ,

.

,"",.,"
"',.
, " , . ,
is
h
is
fighting
sp
irit.
a) pla'ter's strong h) player
s'
s
trong
c)
pla
yer's
strength
d)
players'
~treng
(h
10
Unfortunately wc'
ve

made.
,.

.

,""
, , , , , . '
a) httle progr
ess
b)
little
progre
sses
c)
few
pr
og
re
ss
d)
few
prngr~
sscs
242 . ReView
nf'
no
Ul
!S
243 Singular and plural subjects

Finder
145
Match
the
two
parts
of
the
sentence
and
join
them
together
with
/s
or
are.
Afl-81'
ltHnttSte
Two hours
-:-: :'":c

-
,

' a wonderful city.
Both
my
mothN
and

my father
Either
blue
or
green
Rome, my birthplace,

a play by Shakespeare.

now on the market.
.

going to
be
cut
down.
quite
tiring.
The
trees next to the school
Walking
up
hills

the right colour
for
this
room
.

doctors .
The
house,
together with a piece
of
land,
Fax
and
e· mall

modern
forms of
communication
.

'
my f1Wfltt",e
stlbjet:19.
Antony
Qlld Cleopatra

' a long
lime
10
have to wait.
~
~

-
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9





.,


.


.,
.

.

.

.

.




.

.



, .



, . .


.



.



.

. , .

.





.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

.


.
244 One
of,
a
number
of, every, etc
Choose
the
correct form.
II- A lot
of
toUrists Yisits/visit Orlando.
Every
new
product
has/have

to
be
advcnised
.
2 Huge amf)unts
of
cocaine
was/were found III the containers.
3 One
of
my sisters lives/live
'""'iTl
Australia.
4
There
was/were
an
explusiun
at
the
fa
c
lUry.
5
All
the
pictures
is/are
for sale.
6 Which

countries-uses/use
the
eum
as
their
currency?
7 A
number
of
computcrshas/havc
becn stolen.
8 Everybody
was/were
asking mequesllons
9 The
number
of
violent crimes
has
/
have
gone
up
dra0l8licaJly.
10
No
message
ha
s/
h:tvc been

receive
~
II Two thirds
of
my time
goes/~
on
visiting custumers.
12
Who
think
~
Jthlllk
they knuw
the
answcr~

Finder 146
24
:1
• S
l1lgulat
and plural suh)(.
'Cts
1
23
245 Nouns
with
and
without

-s
,
Finder 147A
Write
a sentence
with
a similar meaning.
Use
the
word
in bra
ck
ets and decide
if
you need
the -s ending or
not
~
Wha
t is Ic
rt
(I
f the o
ld
chu
rch IS tnday a maJor
loun
st allraction. (re
main
/s

l
· .
",:he.,
r:-~~~
P.1.
t!~.ql4-
.cfr!.~t;J:!
!'r
~
.
"t;
~
~a
3
.
q
~J0':
~r:
i
~~
~~t., ac.t
r~
.
What J was wearing
wasn't
right for the
occas
i
on
. (clo

the
/s)
, . . . . . . . .

.

. , .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 W
hat
the
bump
did to my c
ar
is going to c
ost
£I,
OUO
10
repair. (
damage
!s)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



.
3 What
's

in the parc
el
has to be
li
sted on the form. (contcnl/s
of)
.

4 The
li
lings that belonged
to
me were
~Iorcd
in Ihe cellar. (belonging/s)
. .
,
.

5
What
the article
say!'>
is
nothing
ncw. (come
nt
/s
00
·

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 AJllhc money J've
!'lave
d IS
In
the
bank (saving
/s
)
7
The
n,
lI
is nice, hut
the
area around
it
Isn't very beautiful. (surrounding
/s
)
246 Nouns
with
a plural
form

Finder
147
Rewrite
the

sentences
without
can
, could,
may
, or m
ig
ht
and so
make
th
em
more
c
ertain
.
The verb must
agree
with
the
subject.

Pllysics could be really inlcresting.
·
'?I~
r~
~
r~
':"
~I?I!j

;
!1~~r:e.stl~

~
A\'crage earnings may
he
ri
S
ing
sharply.
· .
~,,:,~(~~e;
~(0
;
~.5; '?-(~
n~i":~H~.rP!~;l.

Measles can
be
a s
erloul>
illness.
. . . . . . . . .


.
2 T
he
premises might
bc

locked
on
a
Sunday
· .

.
:l
All
means
of
tran
sport
can
have d
is
advanttlges.
4 Statisti
cs
might
he
a useful subjt.'Ct.
. . .
5
The
goods may already be
on
the
Ir
way.

· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 A
new
1V
Wi
ldli
fe
series
may
be c
ommg
soon
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .
7 Hilliards might not he
as
mu
ch fun as flnookcr

.

.

. .
R
The
statis
ti
CS

cou
ld be showing
an
increase in inflation.
·

" .

.
124
245 .
No
tlll
~
Wllh a
nd
w
ithout
·s
, 247 Pair nouns
~
Finder 148
•
Complete the conversation Put one
word
In
each space.
[. •
.'>a:
I

mu

{
J!;el
H
pan
(
~)
d.
lights
here
.
They
've
~Ol
my
SIZ£',
Emily:
You
can't
buy
JUM
one
(I)

.,'
There
are three
in
a pack.

Li.,a.
Emily:
l.J~:
Well, three
(2).
then. AmI I need
(3)

sunglas!>cs
Sunglasses
(4)
. . . . . over
there
. look.
OK.
let's go and have a look
Oh, there
quite
a few.
What
ahout
(5) .
,1
Emily
Lba:
Yes, I like
(6)
. .

Thank.

And
(7)
. . . .

.

fit
all
nght.
Hull
IllIAh!
get
(Sl . . . . . .
cheaper
pair
somewher
e else,
l:
nuly
OK
.
but
Just a
mmute
I'm Inn hoI in th
ese
trou
se
rs.

I want to
look.
for
sonw
(9)
_ _
___
_
248
Group
nouns

Finder 149
Match
the
two
sentence parts
and
complete
the
sentence with
is,
are,
has,
or
have.
Sometimes
there
can
be

either a singular
or
a plural verb
The
navy
The
management
The
company's
staff
The
jury
The
team
who
won
The
population
The
BSC
The
crew
of
the
ship
The
orchestra
The
audlcnce
- - -

:-
- -
., ,

ergumg-8boUI
~
how
-
to
·
cUl-the
-
c()mpetly's
-
costs.
decided
[hat
the
man
is
innocent
takmg
it
in
turns
to
go on shore.
the
most
famous ever to play

in
thiS concert hall
dernel'lthrtg-fftflre-mol'ley Ie meintein-its
Ileef:

taking
their
seats
in
the
theatr
e.

all
amateur
players
. worried
about
losing their jobs
.

showing
the
programnw
later this year.
. ninety
per
cent
white. __ _
___

1

.
T/~
~v;l.
r
~.de~~i~
~~.~~
~~
~!'1tf'!~
;
~
~
.
.fi.e-f!:
t:


. .
T~
~0C:~~~~~
~~."r;r-3!,,-!~.~~
lt
hpw.t.o.c:-~t
t'r=:
~0:""'P<?~
'
s
~9~ts:

.
2
3
4
5
6
7
H
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.


, ,

· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
·

.



.
. , . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2H.
Pail
nouns
125

249
Agreement
Choose
the
(orrect
form.
It>
'The
Red and
the
Green'
~/ar-e
a novel by
Ins
Murc\odl.
I
Who
knows
/ know
what
might
happen
next?
2
The
n-ew
ho
y
band
wants

/
want
to
make
a
name
for themselves.
3
Someone
was/were
s
houting
and
scream
mg.
4 A lot
arTY
prograrnm
es
is/arc
complclc
rubbish.
5
[ 'I] lake a
binocular
/
some
binoculars with
me.
6 Billiards

Jc)csn'lftion-;,
lOOK
a
very
exciting
g:.tme.
7
My
trousers 100k51100k ahsolutely
filthy
.
H
The
police is/
areinvestigallng
the
lIlciucnl.
9
The
Prime M
inister
and
his wife Isl
are
in Paris.
10
Each
<ict
back
ju

sl makes/
make
LI
S
c\
'cn
more
determined
to slicceed.
Ii"
Finder
144-149
11
The
par1
y which
won
the
election
intcml
s/i
ntend
10
incrt!
lI}'c
welfare
benefits
12
[think
congratulations

~/,!!"~
called for Well done!
250
Agreement
II-
Finder
144-149
Some
of
these
sentences
have
a mistake. Find
the
mistakes
and
write
the
sentences
correctly.
al This coal
need
cleaning
.
b)
Matbs
IS
my
favourite subject.
c)

One
of
our
students ba
ve
gone missing
d) I'm looking for a scissor.
e) A
number
of
problems
have arisen.
f)
The roads were very
bll~Y.

.
'?
~ 7:h.i
~
~
0-!
t.
~~~
l
-?
~
!
~a
.'')

J
r
~
.

1
2
'1
4
5
"
. . . . .
251
The
form
of
the
articles
g)
The
olltsklrts
of
[he (Own b very
dreary
11)
Everything 'iI!CIll
10
he 01\
i)
The

dog and the cat gets 011 well together.
J)
Th~
public arc
fet!
up
with politicians.
k)
The
crossroads by
the
hospital is
quite
dllllgerolls.
\)
'W
ar
and
Pea
ce' are a very long book.

Finder
151
These
sentences
are
about
new
novels.
Complete

each
sentence
by
putting
In
a
or
an.

Il
ome
i.~
ahollt .
fI
r'

American Indian tribe
driven
off
their
land by
~
.minlng
company
1
lJIa
<.
K.
and White
IS

ahout.
.

arti
st
who
mak
es

complete mess
of
hi
s life.
2
The novel Momems
of
Danger
is 'lbUl
It
. .

US
pr
es
ident
w
ho
disa
ppear
s

for.
. hour.
3 Big Muney is
about
.

: . business executive
who
make
s.
. expensive mistake.
4
House
Parry
is
a novel
abOllt
. . . . affair
between

. . . MP ilnd his s
ecreta,)
'.
5
The book
Two
U/Jes
is
about

UBC
rcponer
who becomes . . .

secret agent
Ii Olle Summer tells
the
story
of
. . hoJ'iday which bas . . . unusual ending.
7 Ice is a novel 'lbout

SAS
man
who
gets
lost
on
. . . expedition to
Ihe
South
Pole
.
R
J e:sscm
ill
Death
is
about

ullIversity
profes
sor
who
murders.

.
student
9 Tllere
and
Rack
is
about
. . . . . old
woman
who
goes
on

one-year
world trip.
;2
The
main
uses
of
the
articles

Finder

152-153
Read
each
paragraph
and
write
down
the
part
that
illustrates
the
rule.

Richard was Iymg on a
beach
s
omewhere
. far away frum
the
crowd
s.
The
s
un
was beating
down.
Ilc
was completely rdaxed. h was
the

most
wonderful holiday
he'd
IHld
for a long lime.
We
lise the when there
is
only
one
in
the context,
e.g.
"l1J1!
world
was
{If
war
or
. .
'P
~
~'1
~
~
t:e!-'
.
t.I!1fl
.r~~n
:

I
went
to
the
supermarket to
gt
!1 H p17-Za I was only
in
there a
few
moments. When I
gOI
10
the
check-oUl, I dlsco\'cn
.'
o Ihal my wallet was
mi
ssing.
It
was
an
awful
shock 1
WH~
sure I'd
.
brought
it

with
me
.
We
usc
a
lan
to descrihe
something
,
e.g.
II
's
a lovely
day
or
. .

_ .
2 I love
book~.
My
flat is
lull
of
hooks They're everywhere. I spend hours reading them I
'u
muth
rather read than
wiHch

lelevision.
We
can usc a plural noun
III
a generalization. when we talk about things
III
general,
e.g.
Dogs
nwke
good pets
or

.

.
3 The town isn't as husy
as
it
(lnce was. The "[Igh Street looks sad
and
forgonen. The
chemL!>"!>
in Station Road has closed down. People don't come here to shop any more.
We
use tile before a noun when a
phra!>c
"riel'
the
noun makes clear which

one
is
mcant,
e g
the
car
oUL~idc
our
lIo11
se
or

. . .

.




.
4 The
police advised Debbie
to
gel a burglar almlll.
So
she
rang a security company,
flnd
a
mall

came
and
fiXl
.
-'d
the alarm. nut a burglar aldrm doesn't
ill
ways behave as it should.
l)ebIJll:~
s
alarm started nnging for no reason.
It
wa:. a reail1lLislIll
ce.
We
can use a/(m
Ln
a generalization, e.g. A
dug
makes
a
guud
pel
or



.

.

5 I stayed
in
a hotel not long ago. It was a very old building,
deep
III
the English countryside
The
wc

Hhcr wus awful But the hotel was really
ni
ce.
And
II
had a ghost. The manager laid
me .thoUl it. I didn't believe her
of
course. But I saw the ghost. I really did.
It
was Lady Helen
Graves, who (hed there three hundred years ago.
We
usc
allln
when
we
fir
st mention
some
thing, e.g. / wellr to a concert last

mghr
or
. .

.
or



. .
Wc
use
rhe
when we mentiun
it
again, e.g. TIle concerJ
uw
good
tlf
••.

• .
252
. The
tn:l
in uses
(II
th
e arudc.,
12

7
253 The
malll
u
ses
of
the
articles

Finder 152
Complete
this story. Put in a, an,
or
the.
This is (

).
d
tru
e slUry.
It
's
aboll
t (I ) . .
polit
ician
li
e was
(2)
. .

MC
lllher
0 1
Parliam
ent
IMP)
111
Brit:uJ!. (3) .

. S
to
ry
ha
pp
ene
d back in
the
1980
1>
,
.md
(4
).
MP
Wi
lS cilll
c '(1
ltich,trd Alexander.
AI
Ihal

(
ime
, (5J . . irish
Hepubllcan
Army \\'<l!>
co
nducling
(6
)


hnmhmg
cam
paign
in
Sriwill. t\ few days earlier.
(7)
. .

parcel
bomb
had
been
sent to (8) . . . . govcrnmclH Illltlistcr. So poh
ncians
were
warnt.'<I
10
he eX
ira

carelul
ahout
opening parcels.
One
ct<lY
(!) . . .
ptll
c
cl
was delivered
10
Mr
Alexander's office
al
Hctford,
In
(
10
)
F.ngllsll
Mldl,1l1c1
s,
(II)

,

Mil
thought
Il
e h

ea
rd (12) . . s
ound
of
(
13
) .

IIcklflg
do
ck i
l1
l>l
d c (\4)

par
ce
],
so thinking
II
mi~hl
be
(15)


humb
, he rang
(1
6) .
loc

al
police s!al!on
Sno
n (
17
)

::'4uad
of
army
bomb
::.pc
ciali
::.
!s arrived al
lI8
} . .
office .\IId X·rayed
(l9)
. .

par
ce
l.
They saw lha! whal Mr
AI~xand~r
t:ould hear
wa::.
Indeed
(

ZO)


. limlllg mcchanh.llI. Obviou

ly, (
ZI
) . . . only
saf~
thing
to do
was
to
blow
Il
up,
which they did (
n)
. .

. squad thcn pieccd together
(2
:1
) . . contents
of
(
24
) .
par
cel. It

had
t:
ontaincd
some
p
yjamas,
(2
!i)

. . toothbrush
and
(26) small

1m
m
doc
k (27) . . ,

MP
had rcccnlly stayed
at
(28)

, . . hotel after makmg (29) , , . , ,
::.
pecch
one
eve
ning,
;:

In
tl
(30) . . . . hot
el
had
kindly
se
nl
on
his belun
gi
ngs after he
had
accidentally
Jeft
them there.
(3
1)
.,
dock
had h
ee
n (32) _ , . , .
prc
"e
nt
fmm
his wife,
254 The articles in generalizations

finder
153
Read
th
is
paragraph
about
holidays
.
Then
look
at
each phrase
In
bold
type
and
decide
whether
th
e mean
in
g is
general
(e.g,
about
all
holidays
or
a

type
of
holiday)
or
specifIC
(e.g
about
one
hol
i
day
or
a
number
of
holidays),
(I) Holidays
ar
e
bad
for
~
'
OU.
I
had
(2) a
holiday
on
c

c.
II
was
(3)
11
ScJf-cillCring
holiday
.
Perhaps
that
WIlS
(4 ) a mistake.
nu
ymg food and cooking
on
hnhduy
is
lTlu
ch Illore difficult than at
home
And I had
to
li
ve
in
(5)
a very
small
flat. (6)
II.

self-catering holiday
Isn
't really a holiday
at
all.
Everyone knows Ihat
when
yuu get
home
from (7) a holiday, you n
eed
a few
dnys
orf to rct.:uver
from
It.
And
(8
) the place I
weill
10
wasn't
as
nicc as il lnokcd in
(9)
the brot:hure, Thm's anu th
er
problem.
You
h(l\'c

to
deal
with
(ha( strange pcr"on,
(10)
the
wlvcl
agent. And (I
I)
truvcl agents
don'( speak Ihe
sa
me
langua
ge
as
(he
rC';1
of
us. I made
(12
) the
mi
stake
of
beli
eV
ing what
(l3)
the (ravel agelll to

ld
m
e,
I'm
afraid (he idea
uf
(I4
) a
holiday
Iill
s me wi
lh
horror.
Gcncral me
an
ing:
~!).
f!q1.
'c}.q lj
,"o.
,
S
rcc
'itic
~lC;
lJ
~ing:
(i j
0.
'

Jjr?
'!l
:lo.
i1
~
, " " " " " "
. . . . ' ,
128 2S:I - Tllc
111<1111
lI
'>CS
01
1he
i
nlldes
, 255 The articles in generalizations

Finder 153
•
Match
the
two
parts
of
the
sentence
and
write
the
noun

with alan or the or wi
thout
an
article
r
II>
(
C-;n-o-e)
-
is
- - ,- -

-
[00
much for food.
is
called (saw).
tt-k.ifl&-ef-hoftt.
(telescope).
(l3ad
workman)
blames
Gailleo
Invented
(Whale)
are
his tools.
(Mobile phone) has made
A thmg you cut wood with
(Consumer)

is
paying
lite easier for many people.
huge
ammrul>.
.

A c anOe-
,~a
k.i,yl
o{
bo"t.
. . . . . . . . . .
· . . . . . . .


. . . . .

.
. . . . . . . . .
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . , , . . . .

. . .
. . . . , . . , , . .

.
I
2
3

4
5
B
· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
· . . . , .



.'

.

. . .



.
256 The articles: some special
uses
Choose
the correct form.

How about a trip to SI!8sidl!lthc seaside?
1 I usually go home on (ram/on
the
train
2 Policeman/A policeman

was
knocking
at
the
door.
3
My
uncle plays violin/the violin in an orchestra.
4 TclcVlslon/The teleVlslon is a powerful mediurn.
5 f like
CIties.
I'd hale to live
In
countrylin
the
counrry.
6 There's something on radIO/on
the
radio J want to listen to.
7 We've got television/a tclevi:;lOn,
but
II
doesn't
work
8 Have you ever played
billiards/the
billiards?
9 r
Jove
going

to
theatre
/
the
theatre
.
10 (think. we should phone police/the police.

Finder 154
ZS!'i
. TIlt' :
11'11(
;
1('
5 in
gt'nerahm(IOn~
129
57
Uses
of
the
art
icl
es

Fi
nder
152-154
2
5

Look
at
these
pic
tures. They tell
the
sto
ry
of
Mik
e
and
Ela
ine
and
the
ir
new
car.
:l
~
voIt
L(ot-l
E
-
-r
"
(>

!'Iff

~

Sf
ll
1M
O
Q_O
~

fIII"
-
f
IJ
L
L.
••
4
"
'
~
~
-
_ - , ' ' , •
••
1,
f
t . .
' .
11
Co

•
. •
.1
1
I:::::
~:;
.lli
\ 1 \ 1
:-
6
7
Compl
et
e
the
story. The missi
ng
words may
be
a, an, the, or a
noun.
One Sli
mmer
Mike anu Elaine bought . a .
new.
c a

.
It
was . .

nicest . they had ever had.
They
deci
ded
10
go
Oll
l in
it
for the day.
They
wanted
to
go
In
. .

. . s
ea
side. . .
Jl
ice sunny day isn 't something you should
waste,
t
h
c~
'
thoug
h!.
2

So
(hey jumped in.
and
El
aine
drove
away
. . . W:JS
~
h
ini
ng
,
. . . was
blue,
and
. . countryside was b
eautiful.
The
y l
oo
k
ed
a l .

. . .
country
si
de
ilnd

li
stened
Ie)
. • . radio.
3 Soon
It
was
~
'
l
lke
'
~
turn
to
driv
e.
They
decided
to
go
10
Scathorpe, which
is.
. . . . .

ni
ce
little s
ew;

id
e town.
When
they got
there
, th
ey
found
. . . .

.
tow
n
bu
sy with traffi
c.
' I
hope
there',,>
. . . here,'
said
Mike.
BUI
when
they got
to.
it wa
s:
full So
th

ey
dedded
to go s
omewhere
clse. '

an
! wonderfully conve
nient
until yo u
nee
d to
rark
them
,' said Mike
4 . . . . . .
rmld
Lhey
look
out
of Seatho
rpe
went
up.
. . . .

st
eep
hili. When th
ey

noticed . sign saying 'C
IiIT
-l
op
(
itr
park', they parked /lcaT. . edge
of
cliff
.
5
Then~
was
looked
at
. . lovely view
over

.
. English
Channel.
They
stood
and
6 Suddenly . . . started rolling towards . . .
ed
g
(
~
of

.
cliff
Mi
ke and Elaine watched in
horror
as it rolled
over.
.
and
Otl\O
.
rocks helow.
It
W'I~
. . . terrible momenT.
7 Thl'y stood at .

. . . ' top of . .
.•
. . .
and
looked down
:J.I
• •
wreck below. Elaine spoke tirs
t.
'Oidn'i you
pu
t . . . . on
?"

s
he
a~
kcd
.
S
oon

pnlicc
ar
ri
ved
and
l
aler
Ih
e
}'
had to go horne
Oil
. . blls.
257 . U
: cs
of
Ih(; ;wlld
e ;
258 Twice a day, etc
~
Finder 15SA
Alan Power

IS
a
top
racing driver. Rewrite
the
sentence!>
about
him
using a phrase
with
a
or
an
.

Alan is a Form
ul
a
One
driver Every year
he
drives
In
s
ixt
een
Grand Prix races .
.
~~
-

,d "'.N.e 5.
i
~
.~!~t~!!
,.
\
G:r'"
a.~.
A"'
I
~
(
<?
~
~
.)
~
.':J,e p.
,
""

He's very rich. In a week
he
carn
s
many
thousands
of
pounds
.

2 When
he
is
overtakmg, his heart beals. very fast. In
one
minute
it beals
150
limes.
3 I Ie
hR
S
to
he
fit.
Every week he
tmln
fl
five
or
six
days.
4 He
doesn't
go
to night club
s.
Every
O1Sht
he

::.
lceps eight
hoUTS
.
5 He eats lois of
pa~la
.
Every
day he has three good meals
6 He mlks to
the
media a
101.
Every
month
he
is
interviewed several
tU
lles.
. . . . .



. . .


.
259 A
or

one?
Put
in
a
or
one.
~
I
can
't pay
in
cash,
hUi
I enn write

'!-

c
heque
~
There'!. only

~

cheque
left in
the
hook .
I
You

can
take . . . small bag
on
the
plane
hut
not two.
"
Finder
1 56
2 In my left
hand
I was carrying

small hag with things I would
need
on
the journey.
3

or
two
of
our
hou~
plants had died,
but
most
of th
em

looked
OK
.
4
You
must
c
ome
and
see us
. .
day.
5
There
arc seven
of
us. We'
ll
nct.'d
more
th
an
_.,.
car
, Can you bring
yours
as
well?
6
There

's no public transport.
You
can', get there wit
hout

car.
7
SOml."One
knocked . of
the
glasses off
the
table, and
It
broke.
8 , ,

, player
in
the learn had hlue s
hOrE
S,
but the others had while
9 I
saw
Martin in town afternoon last week.
10
At
. , time I was out
of

work for a whole year.
25B
. 'fwlI

1!
fl
tillY. etc 131
260 Alan, some, and a
noun
on
its
own

Finder 157B
Some
of
these sentences have a mistake
In
them Find
the
mistakes
and
write
the
sentences
correctfy.
ill 501nc S
lra
wbcr
ries

arc
my
r,.
v
ountc
fruit.
h) Arc t
he
se p
lates
ot
s;
mcc
r3?
f)
There
's
so
me
cuffee
in
tillS
f1
"I
'i
k.
g) Chocolate is b'ld f
or
a dog
c)

1\
mou
se
can
bile
through
eleclricaJ wires.
h)
13 Ihis
so
me
salt in here,
or
is
It
s
ome
pe
pp
e
r?
d) These are some lovely photos, aren't
lhe
y?
i) This is
horr
ible coffee.
c)
Thai
ammal

is lig
er
nOi
IJOIl
.


~O:)
.5
.
t :a.
~"',:"
i~
.
~.,
v'
''
.
e
'7IIJ
:f~~'?!
!'
~'~~-
:rrLl ~t

2
3
. . . . . . . . . . .

.

261
Sugar
or
the sugar, oil
or
the
oil, etc

Finder 158A
Complete the conversations using the nouns in brackets. They are all plural or
uncountable nouns.
Decide if you need
the
before
the
noun.

Adam.
I.eanne
.
Adam:
I Mark:
S
UllOO
'
fli
, I.eanne.
lIow's

.11
.
.[7-
. (life)?
Fine,
thanks
Enjoymg
the
pan
y?
Yes
I've jllst been
talking
to
a
very
strange
woman.
She
was lel1mg me a
bo
ut
Ole;
!'f~

(life) s
he
led
III
an earlier

ex
istence.
Well,
so
metimes

breaki
ng
down.
(co
mputer
!.)
arc
wonderfulthtngs,
aren
't they?
.
(co
mputer
s)
that
we
ha
ve at
work
keep
2 Kale: I need to
pUI
so
me

oil in Ihe
car.
Tht'
y
se
ll
. .

, ' , . , (oil) at
the
garage
,
don't
th
ey?
Tim
:
Yes,
but
can't
yu
u usc . .

,.
"'"
(o
il)
you
bought
at

the w
ee
ke
nd?
Kale' No, I
dIdn
't
buy
any
III
the
end
.
:I
Gemma'
, (
furnitu
re)
in
yo
ur
Oat all looks so
IlI
ce

'.
.

.
(c

hair
s)
you've JtlM
go
t are lovely. ,
S
arah.
Oh, thank
yo
u,
nut
I c
an
never
find
exa
ctly
what
I
wa
nt. I
::
tlways
hate
buying
. . . .

(furnilUrc)
4 Pete
r.

I
think

, . . .

(golf)
IS
a b
or
ing
game
.
. . . . . ,

,

(
tenms)
is
mu
ch
more
exciting.
Kirsty.
Oh, I don't
know



, , (golf) I

saw
on
teltwisLon yesterday
afternoon
wa
s
qlule
exciting.
5 R
obert'
We cou
ld
look round all
art
gallery.
Do
yo
u lik
e.
, '

, . , . , ,

, (art)?
lu
cy:
Yes
, let
's
do thar. I love looking

at
. ,

.

:

, (picture
s).
I
likt'd . , . , . (pic
tur
es
)
you
were
s
how
ing mt: ea
rlI
er.
6
Ni
co
la
: I
cXPt.'Ct
you
'v
e

heard
.

,


, _ ,
~
, (dogs)
III
lh
e next
hou
se.
They
of
ten
bark
all
day
,

, . .

.


(noise)
dri
ves

me
mad
sometimes.
lauren
: . , . , . , . , , ,

,
(d
og
s) can
be
a nuisance
so
m
e
tim
e~,
can't
th
ey? I
prefer , (cats) in general. .
. '
1:12
26
0 . A/(/II, Wille,
;wd
.I
!lOWI
O
il

II
~
own
262
Review
of
article u
ses

Finder
152, 157. 158
Complete
the
story. Choose
the
correct words.
NUl lung ago I was Maylllg in (

)
~
/
1flt!o
ho
td
in
" ororHo
It
was (1)
,!Ithe
hiJ.l

Illorlern place I dOIl't
normally like (2)
!lig
hUlCl
s/sulIlc hig
hotcl
s. hur J
didn't
kn
ow
wher
e else to stny.
[WliS
there for
(3)
a/
the
husm~
s
mCt!ting.
On
(4) a/
lh
e first
evening
(\fl~r
my
flight from Lcmdon. I S
at
In

my
TUom
readin
g.
[ went
to
bed
,
I(
ilbolllmidnighL
I could
hear
(5)
sornellhc
mu
sic conung
from
(tiJ
':I./(
h
<::
next
mom. r chink
it
was (7)
E!R
gae
mu
sic/!
he

reggae
mu:.ic
~
j'(""\'\
"
IS
qUile
loud
.
bur'
Il
li
magcd
to
go
10
sleep.
(H)
Noise/The
tlOlS
e
usuall
y
keep
s
me
awake.
blu
J s
uppu

:,C
I was IIred
afler
(9) al
the
flIght Anyway.
Ts
l
cpi:T
WilkCu
p
~uddcnl
)'
at
ten
to
three.
and
(
10
) sOllie/
the
III
lIsie
sC
t
~
mcd
louder than ever.
[t

was heccnn[ng { J J}
a
llh~
real problem.
Sho
ulLl
[
bang
on
i fl) a l the
\\,,
111
by
my
bell,
or
sh()ulLlI
go
10 (I
:I)
a/lh
~
next-100m
and
a

k (
14
)
~/!

h c
person in there lo-tllrn
(15)
: omc/thc
mUl>ic
down? In the
en
d 1 called reception,
and
~n
{Iii
) al
lhe
man
in unifmlll
arrived I explained (17)
althe
probl
em
. I
Ie
wa
lk
ed
to my bedside tahle
at
utPr
csSt.'<i
(
16

) a/ tllt'
hullon. There was
sIl
enc
e.
Tfih
SomelThc
musIc had been
commg
from my
own
radi
O,
";hich
must have bee
ll
plaYlllg the whole
tim
eT
had been
in
(20)
~
/
lhe
ro()m.
263 A singular
noun
on
its

own

Finder 159
Here
are
some
rules
about
where
we
can
use
a
smgular
noun
on
its
own,
without
alan
or
the.
a before
an
iustimtiun: go to school
b in some phrases of time:
IfI
October
c where we repeat a
nOlIn,

or whe
re
two
nouns
are
in contra
:
t: sct
sule
by .(ide,
set'lrch
from
lap to
bottom
d with
by
+
mean
s:
IJY
hus
e in many idIoms. j{)r Mlle
f when we talk about
it
job which IS for
one
person only:
IJe
was
mad

e ('
uptain
g
n:UIlCS
of
pooplc: 0
11
look. here
's
Altllrew.
h to avuid repeating al
un
or tile;
(l
ClIp
lUul
sallcer, tile pen l
md
pencil
III
a
wriuen
in
struction:
Place
cup
here
alld
press
bullfm

.
Look
at
each
of
these
sentences
and
say whICh rule it Illustrates.
~
We crossed the river
by
ferry

c!
. .
I I hO
I")
C you get there
in
lime

.
2
I'll see yuu on Monday then.
3 Yo
u'd
Ill
!
tlcr

wear
11
shirt
and
tie.
4
The
man
s
pent
<l
yCiH
m prison . .
5
Wc
truvclled across America from
COilst
to
coast.
6 C
ar
park: all
cars
SlO
p h
ere
and
take
tkkt'l

7 I'
ve
in
vi
ted Jemima 10 the party.
8
Your siSler was elected
spokesperson

2G;!
.
Revl
I
>w
of
m'
llde
u
ses
J:i
3