Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2010) WW Part 1 ppsx

ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Preface
The first edition of the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook was initially released in 1997. The
objective of that book was to provide the reader with well-referenced information on the
subjects covered with sufficient depth and breadth to serve as either an advanced under-
graduate or graduate level text on heat treatment or as a continuing handbook reference for
the designer or practicing engineer. However, since the initial release of the first edition of the
Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, there have been various advancements in the field that
needed to be addressed to assure up-to-date coverage of the topic. This text, Steel Heat
Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies, is part of a revision of the earlier text. Some of the
chapters in this text are updated revisions of the earlier book and others are completely new
chapters or revisions. These chapters include:
Chapter 1. Steel Nomenclature (Revision)
Chapter 2. Classification and Mechanisms of Steel Transformations (New Chapter)
Chapter 3. Fundamental Concepts in Steel Heat Treatment (Minor Revisions)
Chapter 4. Effects of Alloying Elements on the Heat Treatment of Steel (Minor Revisions)
Chapter 5. Hardenability (Minor Revisions)
Chapter 6. Steel Heat Treatment (Minor Revisions)
Chapter 7. Heat Treatment with Gaseous Atmospheres (Revision)
Chapter 8. Nitriding Techniques, Ferritic Nitrocarburizing, and Austenitic Nitrocarburiz-
ing Techniques and Methods (Revision)
Chapter 9. Quenching and Quenching Technology (Revision)
Chapter 10. Distortion of Heat-Treat ed Components (New Chapter)
Chapter 11. Tool Steels (New Chapter)
Chapter 12. Stainless Steel Heat Treatm ent (New Chapter)
Chapter 13. Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Steel Components (New Chapter)
Approximately a third of the book is new and a third of the book is significantly revised
versus the first edition of the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook. This new text is current with

respect to heat treatment technology at this point at the beginning of the 21st century and is
considerably broader in coverage but with the same depth and thoroughness that character-
ized the first edition.
Unfortunately, my close friend, colleague and mentor, Dr. Maurice A.H. Howes, who
helped to bring the first edition of Steel Heat Treatment Handbook into fruition was unable to
assist in the preparation of this second edition. However, I have endeavored to keep the same
consistency and rigor of coverage as well as be true to the original vision that we had for this
text as a way of serving the heat treatment industry so that this book will be a value resource
to the reader in the future.
George E. Totten, Ph.D., FASM
Portland State University
Portland, Oregon
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
1
Steel Nomenclature
Anil Kumar Sinha, Chengjian Wu, and Guoquan Liu
CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Effects of Alloying Elements 2
1.2.1 Carbon 3
1.2.2 Manganese 3
1.2.3 Silicon 4
1.2.4 Phosphorus 4
1.2.5 Sulfur 4
1.2.6 Aluminum 5
1.2.7 Nitrogen 5
1.2.8 Chromium 5
1.2.9 Nickel 5
1.2.10 Molybdenum 5
1.2.11 Tungsten 6

1.2.12 Vanadium 6
1.2.13 Niobium and Tantalum 6
1.2.14 Titanium 6
1.2.15 Rare Earth Metals 7
1.2.16 Cobalt 7
1.2.17 Copper 7
1.2.18 Boron 7
1.2.19 Zirconium 8
1.2.20 Lead 8
1.2.21 Tin 8
1.2.22 Antimony 8
1.2.23 Calcium 8
1.3 Classification of Steels 8
1.3.1 Types of Steels Based on Deoxidation Practice 9
1.3.1.1 Killed Steels 9
1.3.1.2 Semikilled Steels 10
1.3.1.3 Rimmed Steels 10
1.3.1.4 Capped Steels 11
1.3.2 Quality Descriptors and Classifications 11
1.3.3 Classification of Steel Based on Chemical Composition 13
1.3.3.1 Carbon and Carbon–Manganese Steels 13
1.3.3.2 Low-Alloy Steels 17
1.3.3.3 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels 24
1.3.3.4 Tool Steels 27
1.3.3.5 Stainless Steels 33
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.1
Quality Descriptions
a
of Carbon and Alloy Steels

Carbon Steels Alloy Steels
Semifinished for forging Hot-rolled sheets Mill products Alloy steel plates
Forging quality
Special hardenability
Special internal
soundness
Nonmetallic inclusion
requirement
Special surface
Carbon steel structural
sections
Structural quality
Carbon steel plates
Regular quality
Structural quality
Cold-drawing quality
Cold-pressing quality
Cold-flanging quality
Forging quality
Pressure vessel quality
Hot-rolled carbon steel
bars
Merchant quality
Special quality
Special hardenability
Special internal
soundness
Nonmetallic inclusion
requirement
Special surface

Scrapless nut quality
Axle shaft quality
Cold extrusion quality
Cold-heading and cold-
forging quality
Cold-finished carbon steel
bars
Standard quality
Special hardenability
Special internal
soundness
Nonmetallic inclusion
requirement
Special surface
Cold-heading and cold-
forging quality
Cold extrusion quality
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Structural quality
Cold-rolled sheets
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Structural quality
Porcelain enameling sheets
Commercial quality

Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Long terne sheets
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Structural quality
Galvanized sheets
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Lock-forming quality
Electrolytic zinc coated
sheets
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Structural quality
Hot-rolled strip
Commercial quality
Drawing quality
Drawing quality special
killed
Structural quality
Cold-rolled strip
Specific quality

descriptions are not
Specific quality
descriptions are not
applicable to tin mill
products
Carbon steel wire
Industrial quality wire
Cold extrusion wires
Heading, forging, and
roll-threading wires
Mechanical spring wires
Upholstery spring
construction wires
Welding wire
Carbon steel flut wire
Stitching wire
Stapling wire
Carbon steel pipe
Structural tubing
Line pipe
Oil country tubular goods
Steel specialty tubular
products
Pressure tubing
Mechanical tubing
Aircraft tubing
Hot-rolled carbon steel
wire rods
Industrial quality
Rods for

manufacture of
wire intended for
electric welded chain
Rods for heading,
forging, and roll-
threading wire
Rods for lock washer
wire
Rods for scrapless nut
wire
Rods for upholstery
spring wire
Rods for welding wire
Drawing quality
Pressure vessel quality
Structural quality
Aircraft physical quality
Hot-rolled alloy steel bars
Regular quality
Aircraft quality or steel
subject to magnetic
particle inspection
Axle shaft quality
Bearing quality
Cold-heading quality
Special cold-heading
quality
Rifle barrel quality,
gun quality, shell or
A.P. shot quality

Alloy steel wire
Aircraft quality
Bearing quality
Special surface quality
Cold-finished alloy steel
bars
Regular quality
Aircraft quality or
steel subject to
magnetic particle
inspection
Axle shaft quality
Bearing shaft quality
Cold-heading quality
Special cold-heading
quality
Rifle barrel quality,
gun quality, shell or
A.P. shot quality
Line pipe
Oil country tubular goods
Steel specialty tubular
goods
Pressure tubing
Mechanical tubing
Stainless and heat-
resisting pipe,
pressure
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.2

SAE-AISI Designation System for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels
Numerals and
Digits
Type of Steel and Nominal Alloy
Content (%)
Numerals and
Digits
Type of Steel and Nominal
Alloy Content (%) Numerals and Digits
Type of Steel and Nominal Alloy
Content (%)
Carbon steels Nickel–chromium–molybdenum steels Chromium (bearing) steels
10xx
a
Plain carbon (Mn 1.00 max)
11xx Resulfurized
12xx Resulfurized and rephosphorized
15xx Plain carbon (max Mn range: 1.00–1.65)
Manganese steels
13xx Mn 1.75
Nickel steels
23xx Ni 3.50
25xx Ni 5.00
Nickel–chromium steels
31xx Ni 1.25; Cr 0.65 and 0.80
32xx Ni 1.75; Cr 1.07
33xx Ni 3.50; Cr 1.50 and 1.57
34xx Ni 3.00; Cr 0.77
Molybdenum steels
40xx Mo 0.20 and 0.25

44xx Mo 0.40 and 0.52
Chromium–molybdenum steels
41xx Cr 0.50, 0.80, and 0.95; Mo 0.12, 0.20,
0.25, and 0.30
43xx Ni 1.82; Cr 0.50 and 0.80;
Mo 0.25
43BVxx Ni 1.82; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.12 and
0.25; V 0.03 min
47xx Ni 1.05; Cr 0.45; Mo 0.20 and
0.35
81xx Ni 0.30; Cr 0.40; Mo 0.12
86xx Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.20
87xx Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.25
88xx Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.35
93xx Ni 3.25; Cr 1.20; Mo 0.12
94xx Ni 0.45; Cr 0.40; Mo 0.12
97xx Ni 0.55; Cr 0.20; Mo 0.20
98xx Ni 1.00; Cr 0.80; Mo 0.25
Nickel–molybdenum steels
46xx Ni 0.85 and 1.82; Mo 0.20 and
0.25
48xx Ni 3.50; Mo 0.25
Chromium steels
50xx Cr 0.27, 0.40, 0.50, and 0.65
51xx Cr 0.80, 0.87, 0.92, 0.95, 1.00, and
1.05
50xxx Cr 0.50
51xxx
Cr 1.02 min C 1.00
52xxx Cr 1.45

Chromium–vanadium steels
61xx Cr 0.60, 0.80, and 0.95;
V 0.10 and 0.15 min
Tungsten–chromium steel
72xx W 1.75; Cr 0.75
Silicon–manganese steels
92xx Si 1.40 and 2.00; Mn
0.65, 0.82, and 0.85;
Cr 0 and 0.65
High-strength low-alloy steels
9xx
Various SAE grades
Boron steels
xxBxx
B denotes boron steel
Leaded steels
xxLxx
L denotes leaded steel
a
The xx in the last two digits of these designations indicates that the carbon content (in hundredths of a percent) is to be inserted.
Source: From Courtesy of ASM International, Materials Park, OH. With permission.
)
14 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.3
Standard Carbon Steel Compositions with SAE-AISI and Corresponding UNS Designations
Plain Carbon Steel (Nonresulfurized, 1.0% Mn Max)
a
UNS SAE-AISI
Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits (%)

a
Number Number C Mn P max S max
G10060 1006 0.08 max 0.45 max 0.040 0.050
G10080 1008 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.040 0.050
G10090 1009 0.15 max 0.60 max 0.040 0.050
G10100 1010 0.08–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10120 1012 0.10–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10150 1015 0.12–0.18 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10160 1016 0.12–0.18 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10170 1017 0.14–0.20 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10180 1018 0.14–0.20 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10190 1019 0.14–0.20 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10200 1020 0.17–0.23 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10210 1021 0.17–0.23 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10220 1022 0.17–0.23 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10230 1023 0.19–0.25 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10250 1025 0.22–0.28 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10260 1026 0.22–0.28 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10300 1030 0.27–0.34 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10330 1033 0.29–0.36 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10350 1035 0.31–0.38 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10370 1037 0.31–0.38 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10380 1038 0.34–0.42 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10390 1039 0.36–0.44 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10400 1040 0.36–0.44 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10420 1042 0.39–0.47 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10430 1043 0.39–0.47 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10450 1045 0.42–0.50 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10490 1049 0.45–0.53 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10500 1050 0.47–0.55 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050

G10550 1055 0.52–0.60 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10600 1060 0.55–0.66 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10640 1064 0.59–0.70 0.50–0.80 0.040 0.050
G10650 1065 0.59–0.70 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10700 1070 0.65–0.76 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10740 1074 0.69–0.80 0.50–0.80 0.040 0.050
G10750 1075 0.69–0.80 0.40–0.70 0.040 0.050
G10780 1078 0.72–0.86 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050
G10800 1080 0.74–0.88 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10840 1084 0.80–0.94 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10850 1085 0.80–0.94 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050
G10860 1086 0.80–0.94 0.30–0.50 0.040 0.050
G10900 1090 0.84–0.98 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050
G10950 1095 0.90–1.04 0.30–0.50 0.040 0.050
Continued
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.3 (Continued)
Standard Carbon Steel Compositions with SAE-AISI and Corresponding UNS Designations
Free-Cutting (Resulfurized) Carbon Steel Compositions
a
UNS SAE-AISI
Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits (%)
Number Number C Mn P max S
G11080 1108 0.08–0.13 0.50–0.80 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11100 1110 0.08–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11170 1117 0.14–0.20 1.00–1.30 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11180 1118 0.14–0.20 1.30–1.60 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11370 1137 0.32–0.39 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11390 1139 0.35–0.43 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.13–0.20
G11400 1140 0.37–0.44 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13

G11410 1141 0.37–0.45 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11440 1144 0.40–0.48 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.24–0.33
G11460 1146 0.42–0.49 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13
G11S10 1151 0.48–0.55 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13
Standard Resulfurized and Rephosphorized Carbon Steels
a
UNS SAE-AISI
Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %(a)
Number Number C max Mn P S Pb
Gl2110 1211 0.13 0.60–0.90 0.07–0.12 0.10–0.15 —
G12120 1212 0.13 0.70–1.00 0.07–0.12 0.16–0.23 —
G12130 1213 0.13 0.70–1.00 0.07–0.12 0.24–0.33 —
G12150 1215 0.09 0.75–1.05 0.04–0.09 0.26–0.35 —
G12144 12L14
b
0.15 0.85–1.15 0.04–0.09 0.26–0.35 0.15–0.35
Standard Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels (Over 1.0% Manganese)
UNS SAE-AISI
Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %
Number Number C Mn P max S max
G15130 1513 0.10–0.16 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050
G15220 1522 0.18–0.24 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050
G15240 1524 0.19–0.25 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050
G15260 1526 0.22–0.29 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050
G15270 1527 0.22–0.29 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050
G15360 1536 0.30–0.37 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050
G15410 1541 0.36–0.44 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050
G15480 1548 0.44–0.52 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050
G15510 1551 0.45–0.56 0.85–1.15 0.040 0.050
G15520 1552 0.47–0.55 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050

G15610 1561 0.55–0.65 0.75–1.05 0.040 0.050
G15660 1566 0.60–0.71 0.85–1.15 0.040 0.050
Applicable to semifinished products for forging, hot-rolled and cold-finished bars, wire rods, and seamless tubing.
a
It is not common practice to produce the 12xx series of steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect
on machinability.
b
Contains 0.15–0.35% lead; other steels listed here can be produced with similar amounts of lead.
Source:FromNumbering System, Chemical Composition, 1993 SAE Handbook, Vol. 1, Materials Society of Automotive
Engineers, Warrendale, PA, pp. 1.01–1.189.
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.4
Low-Alloy Steel Compositions Applicable to Billets, Blooms, Slabs, and Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Bars (Slightly Wider Ranges
of Compositions Apply to Plates)
UNS
Number
SAE
Number
Corresponding
AISI Number
Ladle Chemical Composition Limits (%)
a
CMnP S Si NiCrMoV
G13300 1330 1330 0.28–0.33 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — — —
G13350 1335 1335 0.33–0.38 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — — —
G13400 1340 1340 0.38–0.43 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — — —
G13450 1345 1345 0.43–0.48 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — — —
G40230 4023 4023 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — —
G40240 4024 4024 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035–0.050 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G40270 4027 4027 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —

G40280 4028 4028 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035–0.050 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G40320 4032 — 0.30–0.35 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G40370 4037 4037 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G40420 4042 — 0.40–0.45 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G40470 4047 4047 0.45–0.50 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.20–0.30 —
G41180 4118 4118 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.40–0.60 0.08–0.15 —
G41300 4130 4130 0.28–0.33 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41350 4135 — 0.33–0.38 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41370 4137 4137 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41400 4140 4140 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41420 4142 4142 0.40–0.45 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41450 4145 4145 0.41–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41470 4147 4147 0.45–0.50 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41500 4150 4150 0.48–0.53 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
G41610 4161 4161 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.70–0.90 0.25–0.35 —
G43200 4320 4320 0.17–0.22 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30 —
G43400 4340 4340 0.38–0.43 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30 —
G43406 E4340
b
E4340 0.38–0.43 0.65–0.85 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30 —
G44220 4422 — 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.35–0.45 —
G44270 4427 — 0.24–0.29 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — — 0.35–0.45 —
18 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.4 (Continued)
Low-Alloy Steel Compositions Applicable to Billets, Blooms, Slabs, and Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Bars (Slightly Wider Ranges
of Compositions Apply to Plates)
UNS
Number
SAE

Number
Corresponding
AISI Number
Ladle Chemical Composition Limits (%)
a
CMnPSSi Ni CrMoV
G61180 6118 6118 0.16–0.21 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.50–0.70 — 0.10–0.15
G61500 6150 6150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 — 0.80–1.10 — 0.15 min
G81150 8115 8115 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15 —
G81451 81B45
c
81B45 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.20–0.40 0.35–0.55 0.08–0.15 —
G86150 8615 8615 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86170 8617 8617 0.15–0.20 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86200 8620 8620 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86220 8622 8622 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86250 8625 8625 0.23–0.28 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86270 8627 8627 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86300 8630 8630 0.28–0.33 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86370 8637 8637 0.35–0.40 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86400 8640 8640 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.4O–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
20 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
G86420 8642 8642 0.40–0.45 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86450 8645 8645 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86451 86B45
c
— 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86500 8650 — 0.48–0.53 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G86550 8655 8655 0.51–0.59 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —

G86600 8660 — 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 —
G87200 8720 8720 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30 —
G87400 8740 8740 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30 —
G88220 8822 8822 0.20–0.25 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.30–0.40 —
G92540 9254 — 0.51–0.59 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 1.20–1.60 — 0.60–0.80 — —
G92600 9260 9260 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 1.80–2.20 — — — —
G93106 9310
b
— 0.08–0.13 0.45–0.65 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 3.00–3.50 1.00–1.40 0.08–0.15 —
G94151 94B15
c
— 0.13–0.18 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15 —
G94171 94B17
c
94B17 0.15–0.20 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15 —
G94301 94B30
c
94B30 0.28–0.33 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15 —
a
Small quantities of certain elements that are not specified or required may be found in alloy steels. These elements are to be considered as incidental and are acceptable to the
following maximum amount, copper to 0.35%, nickel to 0.25%, chromium to 0.20%, and molybdenum to 0.06%.
b
Electric furnace steel.
c
Boron content is 0.0005–0.003%.
Source: From Numbering System, Chemical Composition, 1993 SAE Handbook, Vol. 1, Materials Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, pp. 1.01–1.189.
Steel Nomenclature 21
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.5
Chemical Compositions for Typical Low-Alloy Steels

Steel
Composition, wt%
a
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Other
Low-carbon quenched and tempered steels
A 514/A 517 grade A 0.15–0.21 0.40–0.80 0.80–1.10 0.035 0.04 — 0.50–0.80 0.18–0.28 0.05–0.15 Zn
b
0.0025 B
A 514/A 517 grade F 0.10–0.20 0.15–0.35 0.60–1.00 0.035 0.04 0.70–1.00 0.40–0.65 0.40–0.60 0.03–0.08 V
0.15–0.50 Cu
0.0005–0.005 B
A 514/A 517 grade R 0.15–0.20 0.20–0.35 0.85–1.15 0.035 0.04 0.90–1.10 0.35–0.65 0.15–0.25 0.03–0.08 V
A 533 type A 0.25 0.15–0.40 1.15–1.50 0.035 0.04 — — 0.45–0.60 —
A 533 type C 0.25 0.15–0.40 1.15–1.50 0.035 0.04 0.70–1.00 — 0.45–0.60 —
HY-80 0.12–0.18 0.15–0.35 0.10–0.40 0.025 0.025 2.00–3.25 1.00–1.80 0.20–0.60 0.25 Cu
0.03 V
0.02 Ti
HY-100 0.12–0.20 0.15–0.35 0.10–0.40 0.025 0.025 2.25–3.50 1.00–1.80 0.20–0.60 0.25 Cu
0.03 V
0.02 Ti
Medium-carbon ultrahigh-strength steels
4130 0.28–0.33 0.20–0.35 0.40–0.60 — — — 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 —
4340 0.38–0.43 0.20–0.35 0.60–0.80 — — 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30 —
300M 0.40–0.46 1.45–1.80 0.65–0.90 — — 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.95 0.30–0.45 0.05 V min
D-6a 0.42–0.48 0.15–0.30 0.60–0.90 — — 0.40–0.70 0.90–1.20 0.90–1.10 0.05–0.10 V
Carburizing bearing steels
4118 0.18–0.23 0.15–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 — 0.40–0.60 0.08–0.18 —
5120 0.17–0.22 0.15–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 — 0.70–0.90 — —
3310 0.08–0.13 0.20–0.35 0.45–0.60 0.025 0.025 3.25–3.75 1.40–1.75 — —
Through-hardened bearing steels

52100 0.98–1.10 0.15–0.30 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.025 — 1.30–1.60 — —
A 485 grade 1 0.90–1.05 0.45–0.75 0.95–1.25 0.025 0.025 0.25 0.90–1.20 0.10 0.35 Cu
A 485 grade 3 0.95–1.10 0.15–0.35 0.65–0.90 0.025 0.025 0.25 1.10–1.50 0.20–0.30 0.35 Cu
a
Single values represent the maximum allowable.
b
Zirconium may be replaced by cerium. When cerium is added, the cerium/sulfur ratio should be approximately 1.5:1, based on heat analysis.
Source: From Anon., ASM Handbook, 10th ed., Vol. 1, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990, pp. 140–194.
Steel Nomenclature 23
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.7
Nominal Chemical Compositions for Heat-Resistant Chromium–Molybdenum Steels
Composition (%)
a
Type UNS Designation C Mn S P Si Cr Mo
1
/
2
Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K12122 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.10–0.60 0.50–0.80 0.45–0.65
1Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K11562 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.045 0.045 0.50 0.80–1.25 0.45–0.65
1
1

/
4
Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K11597 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.45–0 65
1
1
/
4
Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K11592 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.45–0.65
2
1
/
4
Cr–1Mo K21590 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13
3Cr–1Mo K31545 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50 2.65–3.35 0.80–1.06
3Cr–1MoV
b
K31830 0.18 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.020 0.10 2.75–3.25 0.90–1.10
5Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K41545 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65

7Cr–
1
/
2
Mo K61595 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 6.00–8.00 0.45–0.65
9Cr–1Mo K90941 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10
9Cr–1MoV
c
— 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.010 0.020 0.20–0.50 8.00–9.00 0.85–1.05
a
Single values are maximums.
b
Also contains 0.02–0.030% V, 0.001–0.003% B, and 0.015–0.035% Ti.
c
Also contains 0.40% Ni, 0.18–0.25% V, 0.06–0.10% Nb, 0.03–0.07% N, and 0.04% Al.
Source: From Anon., ASM Handbook, 10th ed., Vol. 1, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990, pp. 140–194.
Steel Nomenclature 25
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.9
Composition Limits of Principal Types of Tool Steels
Designation Composition
a
(%)
AlSI UNS C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W V Co
Molybdenum high-speed steels
M1 T11301 0.78–0.88 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.50 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 8.20–9.20 1.40–2.10 1.00–1.35 —
M2 T11302 0.78–0.88; 0.95–1.05 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.50–5.50 5.50–6.75 1.75–2.20 —
M3 class 1 T11313 1.00–1.10 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.75–6.50 5.00–6.75 2.25–2.75 —
M3 class 2 T11323 1.15–125 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.75–6.50 5.00–6.75 2.75–3.75 —
M4 T11304 1.25–1.40 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.75 0.30 max 4.25–5.50 5.25–6.50 3.75–4.50 —

M7 T11307 0.97–1.05 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.55 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 8.20–9.20 1.40–2.l0 1.75–2.25 —
M10 T11310 0.84–0.94; 0.95–1.05 0.10–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 7.75–8.50 — 1.80–2.20 —
M30 T11330 0.75–0.85 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.50–4.25 0.30 max 7.75–9.00 1.30–2.30 1.00–1.40 4.50–5.50
M33 T11333 0.85–0.92 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.50 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 9.00–10.00 1.30–2.10 1.00–1.35 7.75–8.75
M34 T11334 0.85–0.92 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 7.75–9.20 1.40–2.10 1.90–2.30 7.75–8.75
M35 T11335 0.82–0.88 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.50–5.50 5.50–6.75 1.75–2.20 4.50–5.50
M36 T11336 0.80–0.90 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.50–5.50 5.50–6.50 1.75–2.25 7.75–8.75
M41 T11341 1.05–1.15 0.20–0.60 0.15–0.50 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 3.25–4.25 6.25–7.00 1.75–2.25 4.75–5.75
M42 T11342 1.05–1.15 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.65 3.50–4.25 0.30 max 9.00–10.00 1.15–1.85 0.95–1.35 7.75–8.75
M43 T11343 1.15–1.25 0.20–0.40 0.15–0.65 3.50–4.25 0.30 max 7.50–8.50 2.25–3.00 1.50–1.75 7.75–8.75
M44 T11344 1.10–1.20 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.55 4.00–4.75 0.30 max 6.00–7.00 5.00–5.75 1.85–2.20 11.00–12.25
M46 T11346 1.22–1.30 0.20–0.40 0.40–0.65 3.70–4.20 0.30 max 8.00–8.50 1.90–2.20 3.00–3.30 7.80–8.80
M47 T11347 1.05–1.15 0.15–0.40 0.20–0.45 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 9.25–10.00 1.30–1.80 1.15–1.35 4.75–5.25
M48 T11348 1.42–1.52 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 4.75–5.50 9.50–10.50 2.75–3.25 8.00–10.00
M62 T11362 1.25–1.35 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 3.50–4.00 0.30 max 10.00–11.00 5.75–6.50 1.80–2.10 —
Tungsten high-speed steels
T1 T12001 0.65–0.80 0.10–0.40 0.20–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max — 17.25–18.75 0.90–1.30 —
T2 T12002 0.80–0.90 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 1.00 max 17.50–19.00 1.80–2.40 —
T4 T12004 0.70–0.80 0.10–0.40 0.20–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 0.40–1.00 17.50–19.00 0.80–1.20 4.25–5.75
T5 T12005 0.75–0.85 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 3.75–5.00 0.30 max 0.50–1.25 17.50–19.00 1.80–2.40 7.00–9.50
T6 T12006 0.75–0.85 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 4.00–4.75 0.30 max 0.40–1.00 18.50–21.00 1.50–2.10 11.00–13.00
T8 T12008 0.75–0.85 0.26–0.40 0.20–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 0.40–1.00 13.25–14.75 1.80–2.40 4.25–5.75
T15 T12015 1.50–1.60 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 3.75–5.00 0.30 max 1.00 max 11.75–13.00 4.50–5.25 4.75–5.25
28 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Intermediate high-speed steels
M50 T11350 0.78–0.88 0.15–0.45 0.20–0.60 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 3.90–4.75 — 0.80–1.25 —
M52 T11352 0.85–0.95 0.15–0.45 0.20–0.60 3.50–4.30 0.30 max 4.00–4.90 0.75–1.50 1.65–2.25 —
Chromium hot-work steels
H10 T20810 0.35–0.45 0.25–0.70 0.80–1.20 3.00–3.75 0.30 max 2.00–3.00 — 0.25–0.75 —

H11 T20811 0.33–0.43 0.20–0.50 0.80–1.20 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 1.10–1.60 — 0.30–0.60 —
H12 T20812 0.30–0.40 0.20–0.50 0.80–1.20 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 1.25–1.75 1.00–1.70 0.50 max —
H13 T20813 0.32–0.45 0.20–0.50 0.80–1.20 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 1.10–1.75 — 0.80–1.20 —
H14 T20814 0.35–0.45 0.20–0.50 0.80–1.20 4.75–5.50 0.30 max — 4.00–5.25 — —
H19 T20819 0.32–0.45 0.20–0.50 0.20–0.50 4.00–4.75 0.30 max 0.30–0.55 3.75–4.50 1.75–2.20 4.00–4.50
Tungsten hot-work steels
H21 T20821 0.26–0.36 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.50 3.00–3.75 0.30 max — 8.50–10.00 0.30–0.60 —
H22 T20822 0.30–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 1.75–3.75 0.30 max — 10.00–11.75 0.25–0.50 —
H23 T20823 0.25–0.35 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.60 11.00–12.75 0.30 max — 11.00–12.75 0.75–1.25 —
H24 T20824 0.42–0.53 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 2.50–3.50 0.30 max — 14.00–16.00 0.40–0.60 —
H25 T20825 0.22–0.32 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max — 14.00–16.00 0.40–0.60 —
H26 T20826 0.45–0.55
b
0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 3.75–4.50 0.30 max — 17.25–19.00 0.75–1.25 —
Molybdenum hot-work steels
H42 T20842 0.55–0.70
b
0.15–0.40 — 3.75–4.50 0.30 max 4.50–5.50 5.50–6.75 1.75–2.20 —
Air-hardening, medium-alloy, cold-work steels
A2 T30102 0.95–1.05 1.00 max 0.50 max 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 0.90–1.40 — 0.15–0.50 —
A3 T30103 1.20–1.30 0.40–0.60 0.50 max 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 0.90–1.40 — 0.80–1.40 —
A4 T30104 0.95–1.05 1.80–2.20 0.50 max 0.90–2.20 0.30 max 0.90–1.40 — — —
A6 T30106 0.65–0.75 1.80–2.50 0.50 max 0.90–1.20 0.30 max 0.90–1.40 — — —
A7 T30107 2.00–2.85 0.80 max 0.50 max 5.00–5.75 0.30 max 0.90–1.40 0.50–1.50 3.90–5.15 —
A8 T30108 0.50–0.60 0.50 max 0.75–1.10 4.75–5.50 0.30 max 1.15–1.65 1.00–1.50 — —
A9 T30109 0.45–0.55 0.50 max 0.95–1.15 4.75–5.50 1.25–1.75 1.30–1.80 — 0.80–1.40 —
Al0 T30110 1.25–1.50
c
1.60–2.10 1.00–1.50 — 1.55–2.05 1.25–1.75 — —
High-carbon, high-chromium, cold-work steels

D2 T30402 1.40–1.60 0.60 max 0.60 max 11.00–13.00 0.30 max 0.70–1.20 — 1.10 max —
D3 T30403 2.00–2.35 0.60 max 0.60 max 11.00–13.50 0.30 max — 1.00 max 1.00 max —
D4 T30404 2.05–2.40 0.60 max 0.60 max 11.00–13.00 0.30 max 0.70–1.20 — 1.00 max —
D5 T30405 1.40–1.60 0.60 max 0.60 max 11.00–13.00 0.30 max 0.70–1.20 — 1.00 max 2.50–3.50
D7 T304O7 2.15–2.50 0.60 max 0.60 max 11.50–13.50 0.30 max 0.70–1.20 — 3.80–4.40 —
Continued
Steel Nomenclature 29
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.9 (Continued)
Composition Limits of Principal Types of Tool Steels
Designation Composition
a
(%)
AlSI UNS C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W V Co
Oil-hardening cold-work steels
O1 T31501 0.85–1.00 1.00–1.40 0.50 max 0.40–0.60 0.30 max — 0.40–0.60 0.30 max —
O2 T31502 0.85–0.95 1.40–1.80 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.30 max 0.30 max — 0.30 max —
O6 T31506 1.25–1.55
c
0.30–1.10 0.55–1.50 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.20–0.30 — — —
O7 T31507 1.10–1.30 1.00 max 0.60 max 0.35–0.85 0.30 max 0.30 max 1.00–2.00 0.40 max —
Shock-resisting steels
S1 T41901 0.40–0.55 0.10–0.40 0.15–1.20 1.00–1.80 0.30 max 0.50 max 1.50–3.00 0.15–0.30 —
S2 T41902 0.40–0.55 0.30–0.50 0.90–1.20 — 0.30 max 0.30–0.60 — 0.50 max —
S5 T41905 0.50–0.65 0.60–1.00 1.75–2.25 0.50 max — 0.20–1.35 — 0.35 max —
S6 T41906 0.40–0.50 1.20–1.50 2.00–2.50 1.20–1.50 — 0.30–0.50 — 0.20–0.40 —
S7 T41907 0.45–0.55 0.20–0.90 0.20–1.00 3.00–3.50 — 1.30–1.80 — 0.20–0.30
d
—
Low-alloy special-purpose tool steels

L2 T61202 0.45–1.00
b
0.10–0.90 0.50 max 0.70–1.20 — 0.25 max — 0.10–0.30 —
L6 T61206 0.65–0.75 0.25–0.80 0.50 max 0.60–1.20 1.25–2.00 0.50 max — 0.20–0.30
d
—
30 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Low-carbon mold steels
P2 T51602 0.10 max 0.10–0.40 0.10–0.40 0.75–1.25 0.10–4.50 0.15–0.40 — — —
P3 T51603 0.10 max 0.20–0.60 0.40 max 0.40–0.75 1.00–1.50 — — — —
P4 T51604 0.12 max 0.20–0.60 0.10–0.40 4.00–5.25 — 0.40–1.00 — — —
P5 T51605 0.10 max 0.20–0.60 0.40 max 2.00–2.50 0.35 max — — — —
P6 T51606 0.05–0.15 0.35–0.70 0.10–0.40 1.25–1.75 3.25–3.75 — — — —
P20 T51620 0.28–0.40 0.60–1.00 0.20–0.80 1.40–2.00 — 0.30–0.55 — — —
P21 T51621 0.18–0.22 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 0.50 max 3.90–4.25 — — 0.15–0.25 1.05–1.25Al
Water-hardening tool steels
W1 T72301 0.70–1.50
e
0.10–0.40 0.10–0.40 0.15 max 0.20 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.10 max —
W2 T72302 0.85–1.50
e
0.10–0.40 0.10–0.40 0.15 max 0.20 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.15–0.35 —
W5 T72305 1.05–1.15 0.10–0.40 0.10–0.40 0.40–0.60 0.20 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.10 max —
a
All steels except group W contain 0.25 max Cu, 0.03 max P, and 0.03 max S; group W steels contain 0.20 max Cu, 0.025 max P, and 0.025 max S. Where specified, sulfur may be
increased to 0.06 to 0.15% to improve machinability of group A, D, H, M, and T steels.
b
Available in several carbon ranges.
c

Contains free graphite in the microstructure.
d
Optional.
e
Specified carbon ranges are designated by suffix numbers.
Source: From A.M. Bayer and L.R. Walton, in ASM Handbook, 10th ed., Vol. 1, ASM International, Materials, Park, OH, 1990, pp. 757–779.
Steel Nomenclature 31
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.10
Compositions of Standard Stainless Steels
Type
UNS
Designation
Composition (%)
a
C Mn Si Cr Ni P S Other
Austenitic types
201 S20100 0.15 5.5–7.5 1.00 16.0–18.0 3.5–5.5 0.06 0.03 0.25 N
202 S20200 0.15 7.5–10.0 1.00 17.0–19.0 4.0–6.0 0.06 0.03 0.25 N
205 S20500 0.12–0.25 14.0–15.5 1.00 16.5–18.0 1.0–1.75 0.06 0.03 0.32–0.40 N
301 S30100 0.15 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 6.0–8.0 0.045 0.03 —
302 S30200 0.15 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.03 —
302B S30215 0.15 2.00 2.0–3.0 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.03 —
303 S30300 0.15 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.2 0.15 min 0.6 Mo
b
303Se S30323 0.15 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.2 0.06 0.15 min Se
304 S30400 0.08 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 0.045 0.03 —
304H S30409 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 0.045 0.03 —
304L S30403 0.03 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 0.045 0.03 —
304LN S30453 0.03 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 0.045 0.03 0.10–0.16 N

302Cu S30430 0.08 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.03 3.0–4.0 Cu
304N S30451 0.08 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 0.045 0.03 0.10–0.16 N
305 S30500 0.12 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 10.5–13.0 0.045 0.03 —
308 S30800 0.08 2.00 1.00 19.0–21.0 10.0–12.0 0.045 0.03 —
309 S30900 0.20 2.00 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 0.045 0.03 —
309S S30908 0.08 2.00 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 0.045 0.03 —
310 S31000 0.25 2.00 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.045 0.03 —
310S S31008 0.08 2.00 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.045 0.03 —
314 S31400 0.25 2.00 1.5–3.0 23.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.045 0.03 —
316 S31600 0.08 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.03 2.0–3.0 Mo
316F S31620 0.08 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.20 0.10 min 1.75–2.5 Mo
316H S31609 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.03 2.0–3.0 Mo
316L S31603 0.03 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.03 2.0–3.0 Mo
316LN S31653 0.03 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.03 2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.10–0.16N
316N S31651 0.08 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.03 2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.10–0.16 N
34 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
317 S31700 0.08 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–15.0 0.045 0.03 3.0–4.0 Mo
317L S31703 0.03 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–15.0 0.045 0.03 3.0–4.0 Mo
321 S32100 0.08 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 0.045 0.03 5 Â %C min Ti
321H S32109 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 0.045 0.03 5 Â %C min Ti
330 N08330 0.08 2.00 0.75–1.5 17.0–20.0 34.0–37.0 0.04 0.03 —
347 S34700 0.08 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 0.045 0.03 10 Â %C min Nb
347H S34709 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 0.045 0.03 8 Â %C min–1.0 max Nb
348 S34800 0.08 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 0.045 0.03 0.2 Co; 10 Â %C min Nb;
0.10 Ta
348H S34809 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 0.045 0.03 0.2 Co; 8 Â %C min–
1.0 max Nb; 0.10 Ta

384 S38400 0.08 2.00 1.00 15.0–17.0 17.0–19.0 0.045 0.03 —
Ferritic types
405 S40500 0.08 1.00 1.00 11.5–14.5 — 0.04 0.03 0.10–0.30 A1
409 S40900 0.08 1.00 1.00 10.5–11.75 0.5 0.045 0.045 6 Â %C min–
0.75 max Ti
429 S42900 0.12 1.00 1.00 14.0–16.0 — 0.04 0.03 —
430 S43000 0.12 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 —
430F S43020 0.12 1.25 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.06 0.15 min 0.6 Mo
b
430FSe S43023 0.12 1.25 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.06 0.06 0.15 min Se
434 S43400 0.12 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.75–1.25 Mo
436 S43600 0.12 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.75–1.25 Mo;
5 Â %C min–
0.70 max Nb
439 S43035 0.07 1.00 1.00 17.0–19.0 0.50 0.04 0.03 0.15 Al; 12 Â
%C min–1.10 Ti
442 S44200 0.2 1.00 1.00 18.0–23.0 — 0.04 0.03
444 S44400 0.025 1.00 1.00 17.5–19.5 1.00 0.04 0.03 1.75–2.50 Mo;
0.025 N; 0.2 þ
4 (%C þ %N) min–
0.8 max (Ti þ Nb)
446 S44600 0.20 1.50 1.00 23.0–27.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.25 N
Continued
Steel Nomenclature 35
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.10 (Continued)
Compositions of Standard Stainless Steels
Type
UNS
Designation

Composition (%)
a
C Mn Si Cr Ni P S Other
Duplex (ferritic–austenitic) type
329 S32900 0.20 1.00 0.75 23.0–28.0 2.50–5.00 0.04 0.03 1.00–2.00 Mo
Martensitic types
403 S40300 0.15 1.00 0.50 11.5–13.0 — 0.04 0.03 —
410 S41000 0.15 1.00 1.00 11.5–13.5 — 0.04 0.03 —
414 S41400 0.15 1.00 1.00 11.5–13.5 1.25–2.50 0.04 0.03 —
416 S41600 0.15 1.25 1.00 12.0–14.0 — 0.06 0.15 min 0.6 Mo
b
416Se S41623 0.15 1.25 1.00 12.0–14.0 — 0.06 0.06 0.15 min Se
420 S42000 0.15 min 1.00 1.00 12.0–14.0 — 0.04 0.03 —
420F S42020 0.15 min 1.25 1.00 12.0–14.0 — 0.06 0.15 min 0.6 Mo
b
422 S42200 0.20–0.25 1.00 0.75 11.5–13.5 0.5–1.0 0.04 0.03 0.75–1.25 Mo;
0.75–1.25 W;
0.15–0.3 V
431 S43100 0.20 1.00 1.00 15.0–17.0 1.25–2.50 0.04 0.03 —
440A S44002 0.60–0.75 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo
440B S44003 0.75–0.95 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo
440C S44004 0.95–1.20 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 — 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo
Precipitation-hardening types
PH13-8Mo S13800 0.05 0.20 0.10 12.25–13.25 7.5–8.5 0.01 0.008 2.0–2.5 Mo;
0.90–1.35 Al;
0.01 N
15-5PH S15500 0.07 1.00 1.00 14.0–15.5 3.5–5.5 0.04 0.03 2.5–4.5 Cu;
0.15–0.45 Nb
17-4PH S17400 0.07 1.00 1.00 15.5–17.5 3.0–5.0 0.04 0.03 3.0–5.0 Cu;
0.15–0.45 Nb

17-7PH S17700 0.09 1.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 6.5–7.75 0.04 0.04 0.75–1.5 Al
a
Single values are maximum values unless otherwise indicated.
b
Optional.
Source: From S.D. Washko and G. Aggen, in ASM Handbook, 10th ed., Vol. 1, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990, pp. 841–907.
36 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.11
Compositions of Nonstandard Stainless Steels
Composition (%)
b
Designation
a
UNS
Designation C Ma Si Cr Ni P S Other
Austenitic stainless steels
Gall-Tough S20161 0.15 4.00–6.00 3.00–4.00 15.00–18.00 4.00–6.00 0.040 0.040 0.08–0.20 N
203 EZ (XM-II) S20300 0.08 5.0–6.5 1.00 16.0–18.0 5.0–6.5 0.040 0.18–0.35 0.5 Mo;
1.75–2.25 Cu
Nitronic 50 (XM-19) S20910 0.06 4.0–6.0 1.00 20.5–23.5 11.5–13.5 0.040 0.030 1.5–3.0 Mo;
0.2–0.4 N;
0.1–0.3 Nb;
0.1–0.3 V
Tenelon (XM-31) S21400 0.12 14.5–16.0 0.3–1.0 7.0–18.5 0.75 0.045 0.030 0.35 N
Cryogenic Tenelon
(XM-14) S21460 0.12 14.0–16.0 1.00 7.0–19.0 5.0–6.0 0.060 0.030 0.35–0.50 N
Esshete 1250 S21500 0.15 5.5–7.0 1.20 14.0–16.0 9.0–11.0 0.040 0.030 0.003–0.009 B;
0.75–1.25 Nb;
0.15–0.40 V

Type 216 (XM-17) S21600 0.08 7.5–9.0 1.00 17.5–22.0 5.0–7.0 0.045 0.030 2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.25–0.50 N
Type 216 L (XM-18) S21603 0.03 7.5–9.0 1.00 17.5–22.0 7.5–9.0 0.045 0.030 2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.25–0.50 N
Nitronic 60 S21800 0.10 7.0–9.0 3.5–4.5 16.0–18.0 8.0–9.0 0.040 0.030 0.08–0.18 N
Nitronic 40 (XM-10) S21900 0.08 8.0–10.0 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 0.060 0.030 0.15–0.40 N
21-6-9 LC S21904 0.04 8.00–10.00 1.00 19.00–21.50 5.50–7.50 0.060 0.030 0.15–0.40 N
Nitronic 33 (18-3-Mn) S24000 0.08 11.50–14.50 1.00 17.00–19.00 2.50–3.75 0.060 0.030 0.20–0.40 N
Nitronic 32 (18-2-Mn) S24100 0.15 11.00–14.00 1.00 16.50–19.50 0.50–2.50 0.060 0.030 0.20–0.45 N
18-18 Plus S28200 0.15 17.0–19.0 1.00 17.5–19.5 — 0.045 0.030 0.5–1.5 Mo; 0.5–1.5
Cu; 0.4–0.6 N
303 Plus X (XM-5) S30310 0.15 2.5–4.5 1.00 17.0–19.0 7.0–10.0 0.020 0.25 min 0.6 Mo
MVMA
c
S30415 0.05 0.60 1.30 18.5 9.50 — — 0.15 N; 0.04 Ce
304Bl
d
S30424 0.08 2.00 0.75 18.00–20.00 12.00–15.00 0.045 0.030 0.10 N; 1.00–1.25 B
Continued
Steel Nomenclature 37
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.11 (Continued)
Compositions of Nonstandard Stainless Steels
Composition (%)
b
Designation
a
UNS
Designation C Ma Si Cr Ni P S Other
304 HN (XM-21) S30452 0.04–0.10 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 0.045 0.030 0.16–0.30 N

Cronifer 1815 LCSi S30600 0.018 2.00 3.7–4.3 17.0–18.5 14.0–15.5 0.020 0.020 0.2 Mo
RA 85 H
c
S30615 0.20 0.80 3.50 18.5 14.50 — — 1.0 Al
253 MA S30815 0.05–0.l0 0.80 1.4–2.0 20.0–22.0 10.0–12.0 0.040 0.030 0.14–0.20 N;
0.03–0.08 Ce;
1.0 Al
Type 309 S Cb S30940 0.08 2.00 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 0.045 0.030 10 Â %C min to
1.10 max Nb
Type 310 Cb S31040 0.08 2.00 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.045 0.030 l0 Â %C min to
1.10 max Nb þ
Ta
254 SMO S31254 0.020 1.00 0.80 19.50–20.50 17.50–18.50 0.030 0.010 6.00–6.50 Mo;
0.50–1.00 Cu;
0.180–0.220 N
Type 316 Ti S31635 0.08 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.030 5 Â %(C þN) min to
0.70 max Ti;
2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.10 N
Type 316 Cb S31640 0.08 2.00 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 0.045 0.030 10 Â %C min to
1.10 max Nb þ
Ta; 2.0–3.0 Mo;
0.10 N
Type 316 HQ — 0.030 2.00 1.00 16.00–18.25 10.00–14.00 0.030 0.015 3.00–4.00 Cu;
2.00–3.00 Mo
Type 317 LM S31725 0.03 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 13.5–17.5 0.045 0.030 4.0–5.0 Mo; 0.10 N
17-14-4 LN S31726 0.03 2.00 0.75 17.0–20.0 13.5–17.5 0.045 0.030 4.0–5.0 Mo;
0.10–0.20 N
Type 317 LN S31753 0.03 2.00 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–15.0 0.030 0.030 0.10–0.22 N
Type 370 S37000 0.03–0.05 1.65–2.35 0.5–1.0 12.5–14.5 14.5–16.5 0.040 0.010 1.5–2.5 Mo;

38 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TABLE 1.11 (Continued)
Compositions of Nonstandard Stainless Steels
Composition (%)
b
Designation
a
UNS
Designation C Ma Si Cr Ni P S Other
Cronifer 2328 — 0.04 0.75 0.75 22.0–24.0 26.0–28.0 0.030 0.015 2.5–3.5 Cu;
0.4–0.7 Ti;
2.5–3.0 Mo
Ferritic stainless steels
18-2 FM (XM-34) S18200 0.08 1.25–2.50 1.00 17.5–19.5 — 0.040 0.15 min 1.5–2.5 Mo
Type 430 Ti S43036 0.10 1.00 1.00 16.0–19.5 0.75 0.040 0.030 5 Â %C min to
0.75 max Ti
Type 441 S44100 0.03 1.00 1.00 17.5–19.5 1.00 0.040 0.040 0.3 þ 9 Â (%C) min
to 0.90 max Nb;
0.1–0.5 Ti; 0.03 N
E-Brite 26-1 S44627 0.01 0.40 0.40 25.0–27.0 0.50 0.020 0.020 0.75–1.5 Mo;
0.05–0.2 Nb;
0.015 N; 0.2 Cu
MoNiT (25-4-4) S44635 0.025 1.00 0.75 24.5–26.0 3.5–4.5 0.040 0.030 3.5–4.5 Mo; 0.2 þ
4 (%C þ %N) min
to 0.8 max (Ti þ
Nb); 0.035 N
Sea-Cure (SC-1) S44660 0.025 1.00 1.00 25.0–27.0 1.5–3.5 0.040 0.030 2.5–3.5 Mo; 0.2 þ 4
(%C þ %N) min
to 0.8 max (Ti þ

Nb); 0.035 N
AL29-4C S44735 0.030 1.00 1.00 28.0–30.0 1.00 0.040 0.030 3.60–4.20 Mo;
0.20–1.00 Ti þ Nb
and 6 (%C þ %N)
min Ti þ Nb;
0.045 N
AL29-4-2 S44800 0.01 0.30 0.20 28.0–30.0 2.0–2.5 0.025 0.020 3.5–4.2 Mo; 0.15 Cu;
0.02 N; 0.025 max
(%C þ %N)
40 Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.