Án Chuyên Ngành -Tìm Hiểu Và Triển Khai IPv6 ppsx

 
NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN
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Đà Nẵng,Ngày…….Tháng…….Năm 20……
Giáo Viên Hướng Dẫn

 
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
 !!"#$!!%&'!()*++,!-
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8."6R#?"!"$","&$"2]"$","%"$"$!1
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_
 
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#FJ)/!"B)CM"6iVP4A2`"jHO!7"
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+L#*!E)1")32 "=i+n>)0V"+H#!"B"
!7"o2
p
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MỤC LỤC
CHƯƠNG I : TỔNG QUAN VỀ ĐỊA CHỈ IPV6 06
1.1 NGUYÊN NHÂN RA ĐỜI CỦA IPV6 06
1.2 TÌM HIỂU IPV4 11
1.2.1 Những giới hạn của IPv4 11
1.2.2 Vấn đề quản lý địa chỉ IPv4 12
1.2.3 Kiến trúc của IPv4 13
1.2.4 Địa chỉ Ipv4 lớp A 15
1.2.5 Địa chỉ Ipv4 lớp B 15

1.2.6 Địa chỉ IPv4 lớp C 16
1.3 ƯU ĐIỂM CỦA IPV6 VỚI IPV4 16
1.3.1 Tăng kích thước của tầm địa chỉ 16
1.3.2 Tăng sự phân cấp địa chỉ 17
1.3.3 Đơn giản hóa việc đặt địa chỉ Host 17
1.3.4 Việc tự cấu hình địa chỉ đơn giản hơn 18
1.3.5 Bảo mật 18
1.3.6 Tính di động 19
1.3.7 Hiệu Suất 19
1.3.8 So sánh header của IPv4 với IPv6 20
CHƯƠNG II : TÌM HIỂU IPV6 26
2.1 CÁCH BIỂU DIỂN IPV6 26
2.1.1 Các quy tắc biểu diển 26
2.1.2 Không gian địa chỉ IPv6 26
2.1.3 Định dạng địa chỉ IPv6 28
2.2 PHÂN LOẠI ĐỊA CHỈ IPV6 29
2.2.1 Địa chỉ Unicast 29
2.2.2 Địa chỉ Multicast 31
2.2.3 Địa chỉ Anycast 33
CHƯƠNG III : TRIỂN KHAI IPV6 35
3.1 CÁC GIAO THỨC LIÊN QUAN TỚI IPV6 35
`
 
3.1.1 Bảng định tuyến IPv6 35
3.1.2 Các giao thức định tuyến 38
3.1.2.1 Giao thức ICMPv6 38
3.1.2.2 Giao thức định tuyến OSPF 40
3.1.2.3 Giao thức RIPng 40
3.1.2.4 Giao thức ISIS 42
3.1.2.5 Giao thức BGP-4 43

3.1.2.6 Giao thức IPRPv2 44
3.2 TRIỂN KHAI IPV6 TRÊN NỀN IPV4 44
3.2.1 Các vấn đề chung 44
3.2.2 Cơ chế chuyển đổi 45
3.3 CÔNG NGHỆ CHUYỂN ĐỔI IPV4 SANG IPV6 46
3.3.1 Chồng giao thức kép 46
3.3.2 Công nghệ Đường Hầm 47
3.3.3 Công nghệ biên dịch Tiêu Đề 47
3.3.4 Sử dụng IPv6 trong URL 48
3.4 CÀI ĐẶT IPV6 50
3.4.1 Cấu Hình Router 50
3.4.2 Cấu Hình IPv6 cho các PC 53
CHƯƠNG I : TỔNG QUAN VỀ ĐỊA CHỈ IPV6
q
 
1.1 NGUYÊN NHÂN RA ĐỜI CỦA IPV6
gfep%o)CM"H! 7VP,[d[a2!T
))*%,[d[a"G"*&J_qr\!(&3!.H%H&J"$"
eqr$!1%!((!)A)#$!!H!.")4&B&3#%)3)A"*D
r! CTVj!!!3H2
(!1!$"BH"%,!((! )&3!.
!g\!(H%H!g! $!12!CD+&=%
-"6.&"GV]+,E)*%\^#$!!"*)Ts#J
&'!(6^E4%?">#&]"B"D6s,!/," 6-
VP2
Hình 1.1: Tầm địa chỉ IPv4
tCH"6-g)/"B!3&cuu%7VP"B!((!#$!!v
"">#VS"P"CTVj!"$"!3!FSH)TI!(F&%"(+++
V(%F+(!%\!(%\!K"*!)C-&$ HV^
!"H6Eo! !^"%o#JE42C4!!^"!3

&"GH"%"J"$"\"mY!7")CM")*+!
,",w#2 "#$!!0!3!FS%"D6E,!/%?+^"K

 
#J+4!&*&g+H2>)0E)?+)S"G%&)S"G)A",& !%
)S"GO`Q&!)$#7"/E4,)*2tCH"!38!9
!1"3+CM").H&3,"E4+ ""7")T4!
!3 6"B!7"%)*"1+(62
 )T&"*x+#BY!`O" ,!/
,":!)VjQ2+4!#FJ!H"B"
 % ""7%7VP!^"!y++4!!$"!7">+H2N4!
!-!$"!7")*+8)3&Jg!CD!1"-`%+
8)3 "");!]`+%+!3CTVj"*!&
!$"-!3,"BC&>!!3!#J?">#)+,!!F4
,Oz[%{[%!((!KQ+2
2_3H6|6"#
• Tầm của địa chỉ ipv6:
#6iVP_hF!)S"G!&#`"G6iVPp_F!%x+#"*!H
_
_h
)S"G&$"}pF!)/++rr)CM"""$")S"G&J)S!3
!"/O~+F++d!F+(•"6!€~d•Q2x+"5+,_
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)S"G%x+"*
&J`%_q2r
pe
)S"G%!&#`"G"*!.)p%e2r
f
)S"G%x+#6R
"7r

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!/)S"G#`2
• Khả năng tự động cấu hình (plug and play) :
4!!3!FS"*!&3!.!((!%CT8J!S,#J">
Fv!"$"!6.#P"P ".,C)S"G%)S"G!(W%)S"B
$"B!0
e
 
)CM"!3!&3)"#•#!3!FS"*!!^)4">"$"!6.
!&&3!.,%!])*>!+,!J!">?"2
• Khả năng bảo mật (đầu –cuối):
`&;!M!1gFJY!!/2ZY>!&*!^" FJY!&3!
.!]!3!FSi)3!3!FSY2!7"FJY!#;F3!,`+FJ
Y!&3!.-,O2_Q
Hình 1.3 bảo mật đầu - cuối
S"G)CM"!3!&3);!MFJY!!,!/"*!VV
!^" FJY!!]!3!FSi)3!3!FSYO2pQ2
Hinh 1.4 kết nối 2 mạng
• Quản lý định tuyết tốt hơn :
\^!g"B"$",!!((! "6-VP"0)S"G
`&3"&1"!CH"FJ)S!3!"/!g%?8$!J%CM!
8$&Jg=i+n"B"$"!3!FS)S!3!/"2N4!#/+nV"B "
!g)S!3+V`&)CM"!3!&3#?">#!])/2
S"G)CM"!3!&3"*">!:")$)S"G#?">#)S!3!.
>!2?">#)S!3!"/V^!4!6.7""DFJ).H"$""
">#VS"P2>!:")S!3#?">#:#")S"G!$&s"D
8$!JFJ!!)S!3!"/&"0V)S"G+!H_hF1!2
• Địa chỉ Anycast
h
 

)Sx4!+,)S"GHI"6!2N4!)S"G"6!+4!)S
"G)CM"$"4!*"$"$"*""7"g%P")1"2
#"&(!)CM"i"4!)S"G"6!% ")S!36R=$")S!
"B*6RY)CM"#"&(!8 "=$")S$/
>!2 "6iVP"6!"*_1"+MI4!+%3F,))34!$/
>!!4!*%F,6R!3!& )CM"!TFv"$"!3#H
$/>!}!7+ "!3#H$/>!:#!3!& )CM"
Fg!2S"G"6!&"*"$"!/‚6"#(a%22ƒ)S"G)CM")S
xC+!"6!%*.C4!)S"G"6!%"G"*&$"+
"*!"*0$&$""m)CM")$6.H"j6"#(!"j4!&
^"  =$"  )S2  ["6!  )CM"  6i  VP  !  "$"  7  VP  C  Z\222
• Dể dàng thực hiện muticast và hổ trợ tốt hơn cho di động.
Hình 1.5 kết nối di động giữa các thiết bị
$"&3!.-$!1!H$!1!!((!)"">#"CT6i
VP"$"VS"P, !,/3!+&3!."6!2•"6!+&3!.-4!
$!14!$!1)1"2"">#VS"P"0&$"%
$"B6R#JE0&3!.!H"$"$!1&$"O2qQ
f
 
Hình 1.6 kết nối unicast
v!g g"B,%!3!& Fg!%J!J"$"B%
" +!"6!)CM"!3!&3)4!$!1"*!&3!.)
!T)30)1"O2Q
Hình 1.7 kết nối Muticast
3!.+!"6!"*0+M1"&!3IZ&FS+L#+,!!%Fg!
"B,6RJ)$&2L!F !H"$"7VP!0!J!!>!+HC
!02
"*0+M1"%6+!"6!/C"C)CM"!&!,
`2?V">!&+!"6!H`>!&*&g#7"!,#%
VV!^" +!"6!+C))CM"@")3>!0"B)S"G#2

• Hổ trợ cho quản lý chất lượng mạng
-"J!3!!3!&3"BCI&#?J%)S!3#?
">#%*!)CM"!3!HP")1"=i+n!Y! 8J!,!3!FS)S!3!,
&JgU!M!.!D"">!+CMVS"P„6
r
 
1.2 TÌM HIỂU IPV4
Hình 1.8 đặt địa chỉ Ipv4
1.2.1 Những giới hạn của IPv4.
`;!M!CT)S"Gp_F!%`/C&)$#7)CM"
"/6-VP"B,!((!2>)0+H`)#J).L!+ "!3
P!"$")S"G%)L!F !+"$"&)S"G!/!O+H#tQ "#$!!
0&1"!CH">!"B"$"FJ)S!3!!((!2
)*%"/!^)4">O[!"XQ"!E"/!3!2
S"G`!!T&…)/)CM"#?+,V^V+CM"B)S"G)*O6.
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6-VP#;F3>!2$"+H#)S"G&$"E6.+CM"$"F!Vj))S
x(!W&Z2
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2

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1.2.2 Vấn đề quản lý địa chỉ IPv4
t",-H,)AE!%"5"*4!,"3-"1
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?+)03!67"+A#12
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D2
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"G+#jM#2%Zd"*CM")+d!("G"*!=$")S
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NL"Vj"*!0""P&$")TC&c!Y!\F(!!OfhqQ%&c!Y!
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>)0)DJIkhông có đủ địa chỉ cho các nhu cầu trong tương lai.*&J`!†
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FS&3!.!((!"$"!3!FS:VP!)"/)S"G2
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 
"GH4!)S"GM#+ 2%J#$#!1V,+ ")C
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">#0&)S"GW`"5"*-"J!30">!:"2
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Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol Q2&@"#P"4!6.>)0
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FJY!2
1.2.3kiến trúc của IPv4.
S"G!(#FJ#`+"*p_F!%"*)4Vp_F!%)CM""!`#/
O`‡"!(!Q%U#/!$"F !FvV>">O2Q2NU‡"!(!"*hF!O!CD)CD
F!(Q)CM")3)0!]!$8#J2
Hình 1.9a Ipv4 có 8 octet
S"G!p!#/"1I
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Hình 1.9b Host ID
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Hình 1.10 phân lớp địa chỉ IPv4

Hình 1.10 phân lớp địa chỉ IPv4
• Một số địa chỉ IP đặc biệt
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1.2.4 Địa chỉ Ipv4 lớp A
Hình 1.11 địa chỉ lớp A
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1.2.5 Địa chỉ Ipv4 lớp B
Hình 1.12 địa chỉ lớp B
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1.2.6 Địa chỉ Ipv4 lớp C
Hình 1.13 địa chỉ lớp C.
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1.3 ƯU ĐIỂM CỦA IPV6 VỚI IPV4
1.3.1 Tăng kích thước của tầm địa chỉ:
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)S"G%x+6R
"7r
_h
!/)S"G`2
1.3.2 Tăng sự phân cấp địa chỉ:

 
")S"G!4!!Y#M#"$"!/=$")SFVItF!)/
"#•#F3!)CM")S"G"*!4")S"G&J)S!3!"/O~d•Q
&%:#"$"!3!FS)S!3"*!=i+nD2#+((+(!
Oz[QZ)CM"6iVP_P")1"I!7>!%*)CM"6iVP)"G)S4!
&.)S"G+H!])*"$"&.)S"GsD)CM"!,)"">#6^&3!.
"-)S"G.!"Y#!((!}!7%*)CM"6iVP)#?
F !4!)CTO!(Q)3!])?2
3"$"&.)S"G+H)CM"">##$!""$""">#VS"P6)*
)CM"">##$!"&$"!6RVyVY"$","!3#)CT
)*)A)8"mC,!])*!(=>!#$!2
H  %  "  !      "B    !(  6R  >!  Vy  V2 (=!  +((+
(!Oz[Q+4!&.)S"G)CM"$F",&.z[%-)S"G
)CM"!*!@!+,!-&.z[+HD%&":)CM"!);-"$"
"">#VS"P!+Š!((!%1"+M"B+,">!:")S"G+I!7>!+
6^;)S0)S!3%3":!"*z[."">#VS"P"
"$"&$"%!6R"."">#VS"P)/)B>!%!.!>!}F",)*%":
!"m  .  "  #•#  "$"  &$"    "B  ":  !  Y  )CM"  )/  )B  FJ
)S!339.)!, ")S!3!("16$"}"?Fv!J222)
!^"  "":!#J!>!"J"$")CT!F"&F()"*!
""92
1.3.3 Đơn giản hoá việc đặt địa chỉ host:

6iVP`F!6")S"G6!%!`F!)*!"*"J`hF!+)S
"GN["B$%V)*#J) )*4!6.F!)A)CM")Sx!CH""$"
!3!FS)S!36RF3!)CM"-F!!6F(!%%!6iVP"U
r=bbr=baOIbbIbaI!Q)) )S"GN[2tv"$"%9
6!6R"*4!6!ZV>!!,2\3)A6iVP3!`hF!N[
!"*!6R6iVP+`F!&"/) 2
1.3.4 Việc tự cấu hình địa chỉ đơn giản hơn:
e
 
N4!)S"G+!"6!"*!)CM"$"0$%)S"G"6!+"$"*
"6! 6Ri")1"/>!O4!!-$"*"j)S"GQ!&
+!"6!#"&(!)CM"i"!>!"J$"*")S"GO!4!*+!"6!Q2
3! M#6!ZH+!"6!!"*!6iVP "!^">C6I &
4!$)CM"FY!+%*6R !>v*))CM"&3!.*6Ri4!
*+!"6!z[}*!6R"*)S"G+4!)S"G+!"6!"*!/
"P"F4O\+"!(VV(N+!"6!VV(66Q24!!(!>*!%*6R!J+T
4!)S"G,$"*!!^)L!)S"G%&$Y)CM"*
!!J+T%*6R)9")S"G,!(i%6)*%*6R!^$"*4!
)S"GFv"$"!6!ZO)CM"+>!])S"GN["B!(X"(&3!.
H6F(!)*QH)S"G,‰‹!3!& )CM""67"$)S"G2
1.3.5 Bảo mật:
!1"M#!1FJY!!&3!:""BFv"$"H! _
(V(E4!j"9I[!(!"!(V(O[Qa"#!(V\("!+V
Oa\Q(V(2(V("*!)CM"6iVP")U!M0
"7"gFJY!
Œ[I8!9>!!(V(+!CT!(("&+(O•Q2
•)CM"!1FE)CM"!1+,FE)1")=$"2
„$!""># "=$"!1!w=$".""BV-
+ 2["m"7"J4!6.!7!^)Y4!!>"Fv"$"#"&(!(#+
:#g"$"*!)CM"?FJ2

Œa\(V(Ia\(V("74!!CTI6("!#(!(V(=O\Q:#
)1""B*!F3!#+V)CM"A$C!32a\(V("*!)CM"6i
VP&!(+%&!(++!"J(V(#+V."6R)CM"A$Fs
4!a\(V(F9"%&)3/)1"!"$"!(WFJY!6RFs(V(
F9"JA)!(V(#+V."2
1.3.6 Tính di động:
U!M!.!"$"$V)4C+#!#2H! `&$ :#U!M
!1!$V)4I(VV(66}"(XVV(66}FV}((!2
!"$"$V)4)CM"=$")SFE4!)S"G(VV(66&"/
h
 
F3! !,*)CM"@)?24!$V)4!);!]6F(!6
6F(!&$"}*#J"*4!"(XVV(6684!8$!!^">2\^&3!M#
-(VV(66"(XVV(66)CM"9+4!FV2
4!$V)4Y)CM""(XVV(66%*6RF$"((!"B
*Fv*!)CM"9+FV#V!()((!"*!"Y#Y!+,FV
""("B((!0"(XVV(66"B$V)4]i2((!6RV
!4!$=,-"$"(VV(66"(XVV(66Fs*FV""(2
N4!$V)4"*!)CM"!"Y#Fv"$"i4!#"&(!)3"$"(VV(66
"B*2
3  $  V  )4  &  )CM"  &3!  .  !  6F(!  "B  (  (!  !
((!6Ri#"&(!)*"$V)48"(XVV(66"B$)*!
FV""("B((!Oz:"%((!)CM"=(C$!)
$"*!)3)CM"$V)4Q2N$V)46)*6Ri4!*!
FV#V!("$"B*!2N$6)*6R"Y#Y!FV
""("B*%!6$.i)3$V)4%"G"/i!^"
!3#)3"$V)48"(XVV(66"7!FV""("B*
&"/#Ji8(VV(662Z)*"G"**!)/!+8((!2
1.3.7 Hiệu suất:
• "">#"$"+M1"6I

~J)CM"((V" VS")S"GI!`"*6iVP#!(
VV(66)!$3!)S"G%V)*=>! &c!Y![)VS")S"G%!g
((V"*!2V&!3)S"G&"/#!(
VV(66%&"/VS")S"G2~J)CM"((VV)S!3I0&.
)S"G`)CM"#?#$!""$"6(C+,&!*!@!)CM"%#J
"/"$"(!!FJ)S!3+!g&1"!CH""BFJ)S!3!
((V"8$!)S!3%CM"+,%"$")S"G)CM"#?#$!8"$"
\!(4!&#?">#)S"G:#J)CM"((V2
g)4;)S""$")CTI!`% !CM!(X+##!CT
=J%!%4!\"*!!*!@!"$"!(•"B0,!4!,
f
 
)D"G8J+n,)D)*"#•# !CMX+##"GJCE)3
4F4"B,FSX+##2
~JFV"6!I!`6iVP0FV"6!C[d%!&6i
VP(FV6"()!^" "7"g!CD!^!8$!!^">
&"/6iVPFV"6!2
N+!"6!"*H,I!%4!)S"G+!"6!"*"74!!CT6"#(
"*!,"3"$"*!+!"6!!"$"V(%!"$"+&%!4!!;
"7"2
1.3.8 So sánh Header của IPv4 và IPv6 :
IPv4 IPv6
S"GVp_F! S"GV_hF!
\("+!j"9 \(")CM""/
)SV,)CM"+V-+ SV,)CM"+V-+ U
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>!)S"UV52%-!3!FS&-&
!!!!/1VP)S"GDiDY%"5#J&!
"J6.#!+!!!4"0!/"D2CTb+WzF(+!
".@)L!!>!"J-!!"/!3!"j"">#
":!,!/2
• Payload Length :CTF!2CD!^!CT+z(!!`%
=$")S!;&1"!CH""B*!O&"C(V(Q2
• Next Header :CThF!2CT6R=$")S=((=!(6(V(
"*!!,&%3&)CM"6iVP%(V("DFJ"79
!!!/2*6R)CM"!(6FE(V("B!/"D%!7"+
(V("B•Z%CT(=!(V("G+,(V(6R
!(62
• Hop Limit :CThF!%CT!CD!^!CT(!z("B
#`2*"*!$"VP"G6.#!.)*!)CM")82„U
#!(%$!S"B!CT6RJ)2

• Source Address :CT"!(!O_hF!Q%)SV)S"G
"B*!2
• Destimation Address :CT"!(!O_hF!Q%)SV
)S"G)1""B*!2
(V("5"*!extension header%+#/(V(E
427VP4! !.!$"F !"$"VS"P!g&s"$"
VS"P"DFJ)L!":!(V(E4O(=!(6(V(Q%#?
+,"$"(V(E4!("7"g"B":%zCY%6RJ
!J0"!(!3!+Y#)CM"4! !."#•#F;6
4!"$"+)4"$""7"g2
a=!(6(V(F+,%&6iVP"j+:"0(=!(6
(V(%!CT"*4!&3S+)L!":!(!7!^6I#F
#  #!%  Z(6!!  ‡#!%  d!%b(!%  [!(!"!  V
a"#6+!%\("!+V%•##(z(2
_p
 
o Hop-by-Hop options header : (V(O$!S‰rQ=$")S4!
"!"/)CM"!^" U+/*!)8!(2
o Destimation Options header : (V(/O$!S‰rQ)CM"6i
VP3"*!(V(2=$")S"!"/!3!#J=-
+nFEV()1"2*!=$")S!,)?F>!"7"!2
!CT"G"*-V()1"=-+n(V(W4"B2
CY!"$"(V(W4&$"Ob(!(V(Q"*!
"m  9  +  Z(6!!  ‡#!6  (V(2    %  Z(6!
‡#!6(V(&$"H"$"(V(E";*"*!=$")S0
V,=i+n&$"2NF+(!CT=-VP(V(2
o Routing header :d!(V(O$!S‰`pQ)CM"6iVP)=$"
)S)CTVk)S!321VP%"*!=$")S"">#VS"
P6R)CM"6iVP6^!FJY!"-P")1"
"P!2V(6iVP!(V()+ !&)S"G"B"$"

!(*!#J)82$")S"G!+ !&)CM"6i
VPC)S"G)1""B*!!(!7!^)CM"+ !&*
!6R)CM"i!]!()3!(&$"!CD72
o Fragment header :b(!(V()CM"6iVP&*!
i)*!+HD!N•%)"G=(+!3&
#P"+,)CM"*!!]"$"#?J"B*2N•ON=
66•!Q+&1"!CH""B*!+H>!"*!E8
4!)CTVk"P!)*2!!CT,C!((!%
Fg!w#-)1"?>)'!92.
@i4!*!+H8)CTVkw#6R+8$!J2)S
"G`%U!(!)CTVk"*!!3#?J
O"Q*!!($!S"BN•)L!"U!(X"(2%
"!$#)L!4!$L+!(2tEY!)S"G
%!(&!^" #?J*!O"$"!CT+8
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