lý thuyết và bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ

RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Định nghĩa: Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại
từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay các trạng từ quan hệ như (where, when,
why). Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay đằng sau danh từ, đại từ trong mệnh đề chính để bổ sung
ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy,phân biệt danh từ đại từ ấy với các danh từ đại từ khác. Chức
năng của nó giống như một tính từ do vậy nó còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ.
II. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ:
1. Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm chủ
ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Theo sau who là một động từ
Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father. ->That is the boy who helped me to
find your house.
2. Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm
tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Theo sau whom là một chủ ngữ
Eg: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt >The boy whom we are looking
for is Tom.
3. Which:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. -Theo
sau which có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ.
Eg: This is the book. I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best.
The hat is red. It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine.
-Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta có thể lược bỏ which
Eg: This is the book I like best . .The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
4. That: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom,
Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định)
Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom.
My father is the person that I admire most.
I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.
5. Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu. Whose cũng được
dùng cho of which.
-Theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ
Eg: The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.

John found a cat. Its leg was broken.
=> John found a cat whose leg was broken.
III. CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. When: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho
at, on, in + which, then
Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting. (= on which)
I’ll never forget the day when I met her. (=on which)
That was the time when he managed the company. (= at which)
2. Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn, thay cho at, on, in + which; there)
Eg: That is the house where we used to live. (= in which)
Do you know the country where I was born?
Hanoi is the place where I like to come.
3. Why: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for
the reason”
Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad. (= for which)
He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before.
IV. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause)
-Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng
của câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non- restrictive relative clause )
-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước,là phần giải
thích thêm, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy.
Danh từ đứng trước thường là tên riêng hoặc trước các danh từ thường có các từ như: this,
that, these, those, my, his her…đứng trước.
- Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định.
Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.

This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter.
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ
quan hệ which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.
Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me.
Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad.
V.DẠNG RÚT GỌN CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1.Using participle phrases (sử dụng hiện tại phân từ)
- Present participle: Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động. Ta dùng
present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động
từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing)
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
The man sitting to you is my uncle.
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
2.Using past participle:
- Past participle: Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ
quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle)
Eg1The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.
The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
3. Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do):
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng “infinitive”
a. Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa : THE FIRST, THE
SECOND,…., THE LAST, THE NEXT, THE ONLY , DẠNG SO SÁNH NHẤT,
PURPOSE Bỏ who, which,that ,chủ từ (nếu có ) và modal verb như can ,will thêm to
trước động từ

Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. ==> This is the only student who can
do the problem ==> This is the only student to do the problem.
- The captain was the last man who left the ship
=> The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
b. Động từ là HAVE/HAD
- I have much homework that I must do. ==> I have much homework that I must do. ==> I
have much homework to do.
c. Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today. There are six letters to be written
today.
- Một số động từ khác như need , want v v nói chung là khi ta dịch chỗ to inf. với nghĩa
"để" mà nghe suông tai thì có thể dùng được khi
Ghi nhớ:
Trong phần to inf này các bạn cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we,you,everyone thì có thể
không cần ghi ra.
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us ) to think about.
Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
Ex:
English is an important language which we have to master.
=> English is an important language to master.
There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food.
=> There is a good restaurant to eat good food.
That is the hotel where we can stay.

=> That is the hotel to stay.
Here is the form that you must fill in.
=> Here is the form for you to fill in.
4. Using noun phrases:
mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ.
Dùng khi mệnh đề tình từ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI
TỪ
Cách làm:
Bỏ who ,which và be
Ex1: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. ==‾潆潆潆
> Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. ==> Football, a popular sport,
is very good for health.
Ex2: Do you like the book which is on the table? ==> Do you like the book on the table?
Ex3: George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in
the army.
George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army.
Ex4: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
5) Mệnh de tính từ có dạng be và tính từ/cụm tính từ: Có 2 công thức rút gọn:
Công thức 1: Bỏ who, which to be -> giữ nguyên tính từ phía sau.
Diều kiện 1: Nếu phía trước that là đại từ phiếm chỉ như something, anything,
anybody Ví dụ: There must be something that is wrong. ( There must be something wrong.
Diều kiện 2: Có dấu phẩy phía trước và phải có từ 2 tính từ trở lên Ví dụ: My
grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house. ( My grandmother, old and
sick, never goes out of the house.
Công thức 2: Những trường hợp còn lại ta đem tính từ lên trước danh từ
Ví dụ: My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house.
( My sick grandmother never goes out of the house.)
I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable. ( I buy a very beautiful and fashionable
hat.

* Tuy nhiên nếu cụm tính từ gồm cả danh từ ở trong nó thì ta chỉ còn cách dùng V-ing mà
thôi
Ví dụ: I met a man who was very good at both English and French.
( I met a man being very good at both English and French.)
- Các cụm như tuổi thì sẽ viết lại cả 3 từ và gạch nối giữa chúng (two years old ( two-year-
old)
Ví dụ: I have a car which has four seats. ( I have a four-seat car)
I had a holiday which lasted two days. ( I had a two-day holiday)
VI.GiớI Từ ĐI VớI MệNH Đề QUAN Hệ:
-Chỉ có hai đại từ quan hệ là Whom và which thường có giới từ đi kèm và giới từ có thể
đứng trước các đại từ quan hệ hoặc cuối mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg1 The man about whom you are talking is my brother.
The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother.
Eg2 The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.
The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive.
Chú ý:
-Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có thể dùng that
thay cho whom và which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
-Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta có không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có không
thể dùng that thay cho whom và which .
VII.Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có
thể lược bỏ.
Eg Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday?
That’s the house (which) I have bought.
-Tuy nhiên các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
không thể lược bỏ.
Ex: Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan.
2. Khi danh từ được nói đến là tân ngữ của giới từ, ta có thể đưa giới từ đó đứng trước
đại từ quan hệ. Trường hợp này chỉ được dùng Whom và Which

Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher.
Mr. Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
3. Chú ý cách dùng của các cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: all, most, none,
neither, any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of
which/whom
- Tuyệt đối không được dùng đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ: them, us trong trường hợp này.
Ex1: Their sons, both of whom (không
Ex1: Their sons, both of whom (không được nói both of them) are working abroad, ring her
up every week.
Ex2: The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out.
Ex2: The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out.
- What = the thing/ the things that có thÃḠlàm tân ngïḠcho mÇṮh
- What = the thing/ the things that có thể làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề phụ cùng lúc làm chủ
ngữ cho mệnh đề chính/ hoặc làm chủ ngữ của cả 2 mệnh đề chính, phụ.
Ex1: What we have expected is the result of the test.
Ex1: What we have expected is the result of the test.
Ex2: What happened to him yesterday might happen to us tomorrow.
Ex: Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.
They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.
4. Các truong hợp sau đây thường phải dùng ‘that’
a. Khi cụm từ đứng trước vừa là danh từ chỉ người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London
b. Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, the only, the first, the last
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. Moscow is the finest city that
she’s ever visited.

That is the last letter that he wrote. She was the first person that broke the silence.
c. Sau các từ all, only (duy nhất) và very (chính là)
All that he can say is this. I bought the only book that they had.
You’re the very man that I would like to see.
d. Sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody,
nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any,
little, none.
He never says anything that is worth listening to.
I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
NOTES: Phân BiỆt GiỮa Whose Và Of Which, WHOSE : dùng cả cho người và vật
Ex1: This is the book .Its cover is nice
Ex1: This is the book .Its cover is nice
-> This is the book whose cover is nice .
-> This is the book whose cover is nice .
-> This is the book the cover of which is nice
Ex2: WHOSE :
-> This is the book the cover of which is nice
Ex2: WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ
OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ đó phải thêm THE )
OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người.
This is the man . His son is my friend.
This is the man . His son is my friend.
-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )
-> This is the man whose son is my friend.(
-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )
-> This is the man whose son is my friend.( đúng)
5. WHOEVER = the person/people who
Eg: Whoever gets over 9 marks will receive a gift. = The person who gets over 9 marks will
receive a gift.
Eg: Whoever gets over 9 marks will receive a gift. = The person who gets over 9 marks will

receive a gift.
Eg: Whoever gets over 9 marks will receive a gift. = The person who gets over 9 marks will
receive a gift.
Eg: Whoever gets over 9 marks will receive a gift. = The person who gets over 9 marks will
receive a gift.
6. WHATEVER, WHICHEVER (Whatever có thể thay thế bằng what)
Whatever = the thing
g/things which/that
Eg: Whatever you say will be brought to court. = The things that you say will be brought to
court.
7. Whichever = the person/people/thing/things that
Eg: Whichever of the three girls come home first cooks dinner. = The girl that comes home
first cooks dinner.
You have pay $4 to whichever of the pens you buy. = You have pay $4 to the pen you buy.
EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES.
I. Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb
1. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning. 2. The man is my father.
I respect his opinion most.
3. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me. 4. I saw a lot of people and
horses. They went to market.
5. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married. 6. I recently went back to Paris. I was
born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.
7 Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.
8 You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
9. The day was rainy. She left on that day. 10. I’ve sent him two letters. He has
received neither of them.
11. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
12. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.
13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it. 14. Is this the style of hair? Your
wife wants to have it.

15. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then. 16. Max isn’t home yet. That worries
me.
17. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
18. I don’t know the girl’s nam
me. She’s just gone into the hall.
19. Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.
20. Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.
21. A man phoned and asked for yọu. He spoke with a foreign accent -> The man
22. The Night Manager was written by John le Carre. It's about a man who works in a hotẹl-
> John le Carre
23. Our party believes in that idea. I say this from the bottom of my heart > That is an
idea
24. Atlanta is a city. The Olympic Games were held in Atlanta > Atlanta
25. Both her sons work abroad. They ring her up every week > Her sons,
II. Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs where necessary
1. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written. 2. Is there anyone ________ can
help me do this?
3. Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.
4. I know a place __________ roses grow in abundance.
5. We must find a time _______ we can meet and a place _______ we can talk.
6. The teacher with ________we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
7. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
8. We saw many soldiers and tanks ______ were moving to the front.
III. Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of
sentences below:
1. This is a rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
2. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him. 3. This matter is of great importance.
You should pay attention to it.
4. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
5. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.

IV. Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V
1. The man who teaches my son is my friend. 2. The computers which are used
here are very old.
3. John was the last person who left the room.
4. Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night?
5. They’ve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week.
6. Mary was the second person who was rescued from the burning house.
7. The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors.
8. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way. 9. She is the only person
who receives this scholarship.
10. They refused to carry out the plan which was worked out by the city council.
11. The people who were waiting for their children in the examination room looked
nervous.
12. My brother was the only man who realized the danger.
V. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1. This man studies biology. What do you call him?
A. What do you call a man who studies biology? B. What do you call a man, who studies
biology?
C. What do you call a man studies biology? D. What do you call a man whom studies
biology?
2. Hemingway developed a very concise writing style. His name is well-known throughout
the world.
A. Hemingway, his name is well-known throughout the world, developed a very concise
writing style.
B. Hemingway, whose is name well-known throughout the world, developed a very concise
writing style.
C. Hemingway, whose name is well-known throughout the world, developed a very concise
writing style.
D. Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well-known
throughout the world.

3. This is the battle field. The soldiers fought there.
A. This is the battle field which the soldiers fought. B. This is the battle field that the
soldiers fought.
C. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there. D. This is the battle field where
the soldiers fought.
4. He was born in 1993. There was a severe drought that year.
A. He was born in 1993 when there was a severe drought.B. He was born in 1983 when was
there a severe drought.
C. When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born.D. He was born in 1983, there
was a severe drought when
5. John Montagu was an English Earl. He invented the sandwich.
A. John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
B. John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
C. John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
D. John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
6. Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
A. Flies, to come mostly in the summer, carry diseases. B. Flies, come mostly in the
summer, carry diseases.
C. Flies, coming mostly in the summer, carry diseases. D. Flies, that come mostly in the
summer, carry diseases.
7. There was a candle which burnt in the room.
A. There was a candle burning in the room. B. There was a candle to burnt in the room.
C. There was a candle to burn in the room. D. There was a candle to be burnt in the room.
8. I see a boy who is running in the street.
A. I see a boy running in the street. B. I see a boy to running in the street.
C. I see a boy to run in the street. D. None is correct.
9. One of the drivers who was brought by Steward came over to me.
A. One of the drivers that were brought by Steward came over to me.
B. One of the drivers was brought by Steward came over to me.
C. One of the drivers brought by Steward came over to me.

D. One of the drivers bring by Steward came over to me.
VI. Choose the most suitable word to complete sentence.
1. My friend, Jack, (that, who, whose) parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend
Christmas in Scotland.
2. Here’s the computer program (that, whom, whose) I told you about.
3. I don’t believe the story (that, who, whom) she told us.
4. Peter comes from Witney, (that, who, which) is near Oxford.
5. This is the gun with (that, whom, which) the murder was committed.
6. Is this the person ( whom, which, whose) you asked me about.
7. Have you received the parcel (whom, whose, which) we sent you?
8. That’s the girl (that, who, whose) brother sits next to me.
9. The meal,(that, which, whose) wasn’t very tasty, was expensive.
10. We didn’t enjoy the play ( that, who, whose) we went to see.
11. She gives her children everything (that, what, who) they want.
12. Tell me (what, that, which) you want and I’ll give it to you.
13.The reason (why, that, what) I phoned him was to invite him to party.
14. I don’t like people (who, whom, whose) never stops talking.
15. The day (which, that, when) they arrived was Sunday.
BÀI TẬP VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
(RELATIVE CLAUSES)
Name: Phạm Viết Thắng
EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1. Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3. This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds.
4. Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5. Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ?
6. The hous, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7. Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8. Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ?

9. The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10. I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me.
11. My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12. The old man, ______ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the
building.
13. The horse, _________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14. We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent.
15. I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left.
EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1. This is the man. I met him in Paris. 
_____________________________________________
2. I wanted the painting. You bought it.
___________________________________________
3. This is the chair. My parents gave it to me
_______________________________________
4. She’s the woman. She telephoned the police. 
_____________________________________
5. He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house.
___________________________________
6. We threw out the computer. It never worked properly.
____________________________
7. This is the lion. It’s been ill recently.
_____________________________________________
8. The man was badly injured. He was driving the car.
_______________________________
9. The children broke the window. They live in the next street.
_________________________
10. That’s the woman. I was telling you about her.
____________________________________
EXERCISE III : Combine these pairs of sentences using relative pronouns:

1. There’s the lady. Her dog was killed.
……………………………………………………………………
2. That’s the man. He’s going to buy the company.
…………………………………………………….….
3. He’s the person. His car was stolen.
…………………………………………………………………….
4. She’s the new doctor.The doctor’s coming to the hospital next week.
………………………………
5. She’s the journalist. Her article was on the front page of The Times.
…………………………………
6. They’re the people. Their shop burned down last week.
………………………………………………
7. That’s the boy. He’s just got a place at university.
………………………………………………………
EXERCISE IV : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1.The man didn’t come back again. I shouted at him.
……………………………………………………….
2. The television never worked again. I dropped it.
……………………………………………………….
3. The machine was broken. I hired it.
………………………………………………………………
4. The clothes were beautiful. She bought some clothes.
………………………………………………….
5. The wall fell down after three weeks. They built the wall.
……………………………………………….
6. The policeman wasn’t very helpful. I asked him.
…………………………………………………………
7. I didn’t really like the car. We bought it.
…………………………………………………………
8. I lost the money. I borrowed it from John.

…………………………………………………………………
9. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
……………………………………………
10 .This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday. 
……………………………………………………….
11.These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children. 
………………………………………
12.My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
……………………………………
13.The man is my father. I respect this man most.
……………………………………………………………
14.The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.
…………………………………………………………
15.Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
………………………………………………
16. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
………………………………
17. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
……………………………………
18. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.
……………………………………………………………
19. The student is from china. He sits next to me.
……………………………………………………………
20. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me. 
…………………………………………………
EXERCISE V : Write relative pronouns to complete these sentences.
1. We visited the school ___________ my father taught.
2. I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house.
3. We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started.
4. Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late?

5. The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds.
6. They arrived in the evening, at a time ___________ we were all out.
7. I couldn’t understand the reason ___________ they were so rude.
8. I met him in the cafe ___________ he was working as a waiter.
9. I listen to music late at night, ___________ the children have gone to bed.
10. I bought them in August, ___________ I was in France.
11. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.
12. Is there any one ________ can help me do this?
13. Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.
14. I know a place __________ roses grow in abundance.
15. It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.
16. The teacher with ________, we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
17. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US
bombings.
18. We saw many soldiers and tanks ______ were moving to the front.
19. Dr. Fleming, _______ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for
medicine in 1945.
20. He joined the political party _______ was in power.
21. Love, ________ is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his
life.
22. Freedom is something for _______ millions have given their lives.
23. It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.
24. The really happy people are those _______ enjoy their daily work.
25. We must find a time _______ we can meet and a place _______ we can talk.
EXERCISE VI: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who B. whose C. that D. B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
A. whoB. whose C. whom D. A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.

A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest
growing city in the world.
A. which B. whose C. that D. A & B are corre
5) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
A. who B. whose C. that D.All are correct
6) He’s the man ____ people like at first sight.
A. who B. whom C. that

D. A & C are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?
A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct
9) The man____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing
mountains.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct
10) The artist ____ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
11) Frank invited Janet, ____ he had met in Japan, to the party.
A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
12 The girl ____design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive
the award.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
13) I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. which
14) There are too many poor people ____ do not have enough to eat in the world.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. which
15) The trees ____ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.
A. whoseB. whom C. who D. which

16) The teacher ____ teaches us French is coming today.
A. whomB. who C. that D. B & C are correct
17) What’s the music to ____ you are listening?
A. whose B. which C. that D. B & C are
correct
18) I don’t like the stories ____ have unhappy endings.
A. who B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
19) The students ____ don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A & C are
correct
20) Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
21) Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio?
A. who B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
22) This channel often shows the cartoons of ____ the children are very fond.
A. whomB. which C. that D. B & C are correct
23) The dress ____ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well.
A. whomB. which C. whose D. B & C are correct
24) Do you know a shop ____ sells good coffee?
A. whichB. that C. whose D. A & B are correct
25) The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty.
A. whomB. who C. which D. A & B are correct
26) She fell in love with a man ____ was from another country.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
27) I like to write to friends ____ are living far away from me.
A. who B. whom C. that D. A & C are correct
28) I bought some pencils ____ are in different colours.
A. whoseB. which C. that D. B & C are correct
29) She ate an apple ____ was still green.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

30) This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young.
A. whichB. that C. where D. A & B are correct
31) Here’s the paper ____ you need.
A. whomB. that C. who D. whose
32) The woman ____ has been arrested lives in an apartment.
A. that B. which C. whom D. A & C are correct
33) The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.
A. that B. which C. who D. A & C are correct
34) The house in ____ I was born is for sale.
A. whichB. whom C. that D. A & C are correct
35) That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.
A. whichB. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
36) What is the picture ____ you are looking at?
A. whichB. when C. whose D. A & C are correct
37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to
drink.
A. that B. which C. whom D. A & B are correct
38) There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.
A. that B. which C. who D. A & B are correct
39) I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
4o) Do you know the doctor for ____ I send?
A. whomB. that C. who D. All are correct
41) The man about ____ I was telling you is standing over there.
A. who B. that C. whom D. All are correct
42) The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whomB. that C. who D. All are correct
43) This is the man to ____ I gave some money this morning.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
44) This is the result of our work ____ I’m pleased with.

A. that B. whose C. which D. A & C are correct
45) The problem in ____ we are very interested has been discussed in class.
A. that B. whom C. which D. A & C are correct
46) The boy ____ you made fun of yesterday is my cousin.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
47)Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
48) We went to Sandra’s party, ____ we enjoyed very much.
A. whichB. whom C. that D. who
49) John, ____ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
A. whoseB. whom C. that D. B & C are correct
50) Sheila, ____ job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
A. whoseB. whom C. that D. which
51) This new stadium, ____ can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month.
A. that B. whose C. which D. A & B are
correct
52) My brother, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C.that D. A & B are correct
53) My office, ____ is on the second floor, is small.
A. whose B. which C. who. .D. A & B are correct
54) She told me her address ____ I wrote down on a piece of paper.
A. whichB. that C. whose D. A & B are correct
55) The sun, ____ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and
light.

A. which B. that C. who D. A & B are
correct
56) Tom made a number of suggestions, most of ____ were very helpful.
A. them B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
57) Mary has three brothers, all of ____ are married.

60) The meeting ………I went was interesting.
A. to which B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
58) We were given a lot of information, most of ____ was useless.
A. whichB. it C. that D. All are correct
59) There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ____ I had met before.
A. them B. whom C. who D. B & C are correct
60) I sent her two letters, neither of ____ she has received.
A. that B. these C. which D. whom
61) A café is a small restaurant ____ people can get a light meal.
A. whereB. which C. that D. All are correct
62) My room has a very large window ____ you can see the whole lake.
A. whichB. that C. where D. All are correct
63)Alaska, ____ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. whichB. where C. who D. All are correct
64) This is the house ____ we often stay the summer.
A. whereB. which C. that D. All are correct
65) Do you remember the clock tower ____ I first met you?
A. whereB. which C. that D. All are correct
66) Tell me the reason ____ you were absent yesterday.
A. whereB. when C. why D. that
67) Do you know the reason ____ Laura doesn’t like me?
A. whichB. where C. that D. why
68) There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. whichB. when C. that D. A & B are correct
69) The house in ____ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake
ten
years ago.
A. whichB. where C. that D. All are correct
70) Summer is the time of the year ____ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C are correct

71) The reason ____ Jim has just lost his job is that he didn’t work hard enough.
A. why B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
72) They hid the money in a place ____ it was safe from robbers.
A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct
73 ) Please tell me the reason for ____ I should let you go.
A. that B. which C. why D. B & C are correct
74) I know a wood ____ you can find wild strawberries.
A. whereB. which C. that D. All are correct
75) Can you suggest a time at ____ it will be convenient to meet?
A. whichB. when C. why D. that
76) Is there any reason for ____ you should have a holiday?
A. why B. which C. that D. A & B are correct
77) Tell me the countries ____ the traffic moves on the left-hand side.
A. whereB. which C. that D. A & B are correct
78) We keep our bread in the bridge ____ it doesn’t go bad.
A. since B. so that C. although D. after
79) ____ these cars are cheap, they last a long time.
A. Because B. In order that C. Although
D. After
80) You should give the iron time to heat up ____ you iron your clothes.
A. because B. so that C. even though D. before
EXERCISE VII: Fill in the gap with: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE:
1. We talk about the party ____________Sarah wants to organize for my birthday.
2. Don is a friend with ____________ I stayed in Australia.
3. Mrs. Richmond, ____________is 42 years old, does morning exercise every
morning.
4. We cannot find the person____________car is blocking our driveway.
5. The film about____________they are talking is thrilling.
6. My uncle, ____________you met yesterday, is a famous lawyer in the town.
7. The police are questioning the woman____________purse was stolen outside the

supermarket.
8. The girl ____________showed me the way to your house has a beautiful oval face.
9. The book ____________I received on my birthday is informative.
10. The company ____________products have high quality is facing with financial
problem.
EXERCISE VIII: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are B. be C. is D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this
week.
A. ø B. that C. when D. they
11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it
A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it
B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it

C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing
D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing
12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party
A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.
D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.
15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.
KEY:
1. B. 2. A. 3. D 4. C. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B 9. C. 10. B.
11. D. 12. A. 13. B. 14. C. 15. B.
EXERCISE IX: Choose the best answer
1. I have two sisters ________________are doctors.
A. both of which B. who both C. both of whom D. whom both
2. Do you remember the day ? I first met you on that day.
A. Do you remember the day where I first met you ?

B. Do you remember the day when I first meet you ?
C. Do you remember the day on which I first met you ?
D. B and C are correct.
3. Mexico City ,________ is the fastest growing city in the world , has a population of over
10 million.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
4. We visited the church _____________ in the 18th century.
A. was built B. which built C. building D. which was
built
5. Ms Young, to ______ many of her students are writing, is living happily and
peacefully in Canada.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
6. She is the woman ____________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
7. Mr Smith, ______is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital.
A. that B. whom C. who D. is
8. I want to know the reason________ he told you last night.
A. Why B. which C. where D. when
10. I like the teacher. I learnt English with her in high school.
A.I like the teacher with whom I learnt English in high school.
B. I like the teacher whom I learnt English with in high school.
C.I like the teacher that I learnt English with in high school.
D.all are correct.
11.The banker to________ I gave my check was quite friendly.
A. who B. that C. whom
D. which
12.All of us are waiting for the man ___________ son was lost.
A. who B. which C. whom D.
whose
13.The girl ______ is our neighbor.

A. talks to the lady over there C. was talking to the lady over there
B. is talking to the lady over there D. talking to the lady over there
14. My computer, _________ mouse doesn't work, cannot be used now.
A. while B. because C. whose D. which
15. What’s the name of the man_________car you borrowed?
A. who B. which C. that
D. whose
16. The young woman who lives next door is very kind to my family.
A.The young woman to live next door is very kind to my family.
B.The young woman he lives next door is very kind to my family.
C.The young woman living next door is very kind to my family.
D.The young woman lived next door is very kind to my family.
17. She didn’t tell me the reason _______ she came late.
A. when B. for which C. why D.both
B and C
18. This is the best play ________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
19. I know a nearby restaurant _____ has seafood.
A. that B. who C. where
D. whose
20. Taj Mahal, _____ by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great
architectural wonders of the world.
A. being built B. was built C.which was built D.been
built
21. Mr.Jones, ______I was working, was generous about overtime payments.
A. he B. for whom C. for him D. whom
22. Is this the address to ____________ you want the package sent ?
A. where B. which C. that D.
whom
23. London is the city ________I have visited several times.

A. in which B. where C. in that D. which
24. One of the girls________in that company caused an accident
A. worked B. who worked C. whom worked D. whose worked
25. The computer, _____ hard disk has just been upgraded, is among the
latest generations.
A. that B. whose C. of which D.which
of
26. The girl ________me this gift is my best friend.
A. presented B. was presenting C. presenting D. be
presenting
27. He lent me many picture-books, most of________I had read.
A. whom B. who C. whose D.
which
28. Don't drink too much beer, ________will make us fat.
A. which B. when C. who D.
whom
29. The friend to ________ he was talking on the phone is English.
A. who B. whose C. whom D.
which
30. Why do you always believe in everything________ he says?
A. who B. which C. when D.that
31. There are a lot of people at my friend's wedding party, only a few of ________I had met
before.
A. who B. whose C. whom D.
which
32. Aberdeen, ________ my brother lives, is a town in Scotland.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
33. My parents live in the same house ________ they bought 50 years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. A
and C

34. August is the month______I always give my birthday parties.
A. which B. in which C. what D. why
35. The people to_______she was speaking didn't know German.
A. who B. whose C. that
D. whom
36. Sunday is the day _________ most of the Christians usually go to church.
A. in which B. when C. that D. at
which
37. Joyce Bews,________ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of
England, ________she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where C. that / where D. whom / where
38. According to the research, the time at______ most road accidents happen is early
evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D. that
39. The girls and the flowers _____he painted were vivid.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
40. We go to school regularly,__________________ .
A. that makes our teacher happy B. which makes our teacher happily
C.it makes our teacher happy D. which makes our teacher happy
41. The letter _________ grandma was kept carefully in a box.
A. you wrote B. which you wrote to
C. to whom wrote D. which wrote
42. Sue lives in the house. The house is opposite my house.
A.Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
B.Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house.
C.Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house.
D.Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house
43. Computers cannot operate without the programmes,________ are often called software.
A. which B. that C. in which
D. with which

KEY:
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9._ 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.A
20.C 21.B
22.B 23.D 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.C 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.D 36.B 37.B
38.B 39.D 40.D 41.B 42.A 43.A
THE END
Good luck to you ♥