sk1 001 server plus certification bible phần 1 pptx

S
erver+
™
S
erver+
™
KAY
The only guide you need for Server+ exam success . . .
You’re holding in your hands the most comprehensive and effective guide available for the CompTIA Server+
exam. Trevor Kay delivers incisive, crystal-clear explanations of every Server+ topic, highlighting exam-critical
concepts and offering hands-on tips that can help you in your real-world networking career. Throughout, he
provides pre-tests, exam-style assessment questions, and scenario problems—everything you need to master
the material and pass the exam.
Shelving Category:
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Reader Level:
Beginning to Advanced
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About the Author
Trevor Kay holds three CompTIA certifications: A+, Network+, and
Server+, and was a member of the beta-testing group for the Server+
certification. Born and raised in London, Ontario Canada, he started in
IT as a desktop publisher for a local museum. He has since held many
positions including IT helpdesk consultant, technical support, and
network administrator. He also had a key role in the Y2K project for
one of the largest financial organizations in Canada.
Trevor Kay, Server+, A+, Network+
Inside, you’ll find complete coverage
of Server+ exam objectives
• Planning an installation, setting up the environment, and
installing hardware
• Configuring BIOS and RAID, configuring an operating system
and network, and working with services and monitoring tools
• Upgrading motherboard components, storage, and cards 0and
peripherals
• Monitoring performance, working with monitoring agents, and
performing physical housekeeping
• Securing the environment and dealing with environmental issues
• Determining the problem and using diagnostic tools
• Planning for disaster recovery, ensuring fault tolerance,
and backing up and restoring
• Test engine with hundreds of sample questions
• IpPulse and CommView trial versions
• Lan-Watcher shareware and Qcheck freeware
• Network View, AdRem Secure Remote Console,

and AdRem Server Manager evaluation versions
• An e-version of the book
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4809-3 cover 5/7/01 10:31 AM Page 1
Server+ Certification
Bible
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page i
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Server+
Certification Bible
Trevor Kay
Best-Selling Books • Digital Downloads • e-Books • Answer Networks • e-Newsletters • Branded Web Sites • e-Learning
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4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page iii
Server+ Certification Bible
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4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page iv
About the Author
Trevor Kay is a holder of three CompTIA certifications: A+, Network+ and Server+. He
is also a Subject Matter Expert (SME) for the development of the Server+ Certification.
Born and raised in London, Ontario, Canada, he started his IT career working at a local
museum as a desktop publisher. From there he has held many positions, from IT
helpdesk, technical support, and network administrator positions for local companies,
to having a key roll in the Y2K project of one of the largest financial institutes in
Canada. Trevor now is concentrating full-time on technical writing.
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page v
Credits
Acquisitions Editor
Katie Feltman
Project Editor

Brian MacDonald
Technical Editor
Joseph J. Byrne, Network+, i-Net+,
MCSE, CNE
Copy Editor
Brian MacDonald
Project Coordinator
Emily Wichlinski
Graphics and Production Specialists
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Gabriele McCann, Heather Pope
Quality Control Technicians
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Media Development Coordinator
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4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page vi
To my family and friends, whose continuous support made this book possible.
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page vii
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Preface
W
elcome to the Server+ Certification Bible. This book is designed to help you
acquire the knowledge, skills, and abilities you need to pass CompTIA’s

Server+ Certification:
✦ Exam SK1-001: Server Hardware Specialist
This book is designed to be the only book or course you need to prepare for and
pass CompTIA’s Server+ Certification exam. The Server+ Certification exam is one
of the newest members of CompTIA’s certification family.
This book deals with all of the objectives stated by CompTIA for the Server+ exam.
You will learn how to deal with advanced PC hardware issues, such as RAID and
SCSI, troubleshooting and problem determination, upgrading, configuration, and
disaster recovery.
My hope is that you’ll find this book the most helpful Server+ Certification product
reference you’ve ever read, and that you’ll use it not only to prepare for CompTIA’s
Server+ Certification exam, but that you’ll come back to it again and again as you
perform your day-to-day Server hardware technician tasks.
How This Book Is Organized
This book is organized into seven major parts, followed by a robust glossary, an
index, and one compact disc.
Here’s what you’ll find in this book:
Part I: Installation
Part I presents the information needed to plan the installation and verify the instal-
lation plan, hardware compatibility, power sources, UPS, and network availability.
Part I also presents the information about using EDS best practices, rack mounting,
installing UPS, verifying SCSI ID configurations and termination, installing external
devices, and verifying power-on via power-on sequence.
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Server+ Certification Bible
Part II: Configuration
Part II covers configuring BIOS/firmware levels, RAID, installing the NOS, external
devices, installing NOS updates to design specifications and updating manufac-
turer-specific drivers. Finally, this part also covers the installation of service tools

(SNMP, backup software, system monitoring agents, and event logs), performing a
server baseline, and most importantly documenting the configurations.
Part III: Upgrading
Part III is all about upgrading the common components within the server. This part
begins with performing a full backup and verifying the backup, adding processors,
adding hard drives, increasing memory, upgrading BIOS/firmware, upgrading
adapters and system monitoring agents. This part also explains about upgrading
service tools and UPS.
Part IV: Proactive Maintenance
Part IV takes a look at one of the most important parts of being a server hardware
technician. This part explains how to create a baseline, how to perform regular
backups, monitoring backup performance, and what a system snapshot is. This
part also goes into detail about monitoring agents and physical housekeeping.
Part V: Security
Part V addresses different kinds of security issues. This part starts off with physical
security issues, such as server room access, types of locks, anti-theft devices,
backup tape security such as offsite storage, and fire safe. This part also teaches
you about environmental issues, learning how to recognize environmental issues,
temperature issues, electrical issues and fire safety.
Part VI: Troubleshooting
Part VI is all about troubleshooting server problems. In this part you will learn how
to isolate the problem by using your senses, checking hardware, cables, and periph-
erals. This part also teaches you about software system messages, log files, disk
space, and most important checking for viruses. Identifying OS diagnostic tools,
selecting the right diagnostic tools, and using vendor resources are also covered.
This part ends with information about remote notification for Wake-on-LAN and the
right way to document the problem and solution.
Part VII: Disaster Recovery
In this part the importance of having a disaster recovery plan is addressed. This
part will take you step by step through the process of creating a disaster recovery

plan. You will also learn about different types of disasters including natural
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Preface
disasters, human error, vandalism, and sabotage. This part will also teach you
about planning for redundancy and how to insure high availability of common
server components. You will also find in this part the different types of backup
media, which includes digital linear tape (DLT) and CD-R. The chapter ends with the
importance of testing the disaster recovery plan regularly.
CD-ROM
The compact disc included with this book contains some really excellent resources
and programs. You’ll find a version this book in Adobe PDF format, and a variety of
different programs, From LAN monitoring tools to network analyzers, that I hope
you will find useful. I hope you will enjoy each and every one of these programs. To
find out more about the CD-ROM, please see Appendix D, “What’s on the CD-ROM.”
How Each Chapter Is Structured
When this book was designed, a lot of thought went into its structure, and particu-
larly into the specific elements that would provide you with the best possible learn-
ing and exam preparation experience.
Here are the elements you’ll find in each chapter:
✦ The complete exam objectives that are covered in the chapter
✦ A Chapter Pre-Test to test your knowledge before reading the chapter
✦ Clear, concise text on each topic
✦ Screen shots and graphics that are worth more than a thousand words
✦ A Key Point Summary
✦ A comprehensive Study Guide that contains:
• Exam-style Assessment Questions
• Scenario problems for you to solve, as appropriate
• Answers to Chapter Pre-Test questions, Assessment Questions, and
Scenarios

How to Use This Book
This book can be used either by individuals working independently or by groups in
a formal classroom setting.
For best results, I recommend the following plan of attack as you use this book.
First, take the Chapter Pre-Test, then read the chapter and the Key Point Summary.
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Server+ Certification Bible
Use this summary to see if you’ve really got the key concepts under your belt. If
you don’t, go back and reread the section(s) you’re not clear on. Then do all of the
Assessment Questions and Scenarios at the end of the chapter. Remember, the
important thing is to master the tasks that are tested by the exams.
The chapters of this book have been designed to be studied sequentially. In other
words, it would be best if you complete Chapter 1 before you proceed to Chapter 2.
A few chapters could probably stand alone, but all in all, I recommend a sequential
approach.
After you’ve completed your study of the chapters and reviewed the Assessment
Questions in the book, use the test engine on the compact disc included with this
book to get some experience answering practice questions. The practice questions
will help you assess how much you’ve learned from your study and will also famil-
iarize you with the type of exam questions you’ll face when you take the real exam.
Once you identify a weak area, you can restudy the corresponding chapters to
improve your knowledge and skills in that area.
Prerequisites
Although this book is a comprehensive study and exam preparation guide, it does
not start at ground zero. I assume you have networking knowledge or experience
equal or greater of the scope required to pass an industry networking certification
exam, such as CompTIA’s A+ exam or Network+ exam. If you meet this prerequisite,
you’re ready to begin this book.
If you don’t have the networking knowledge or experience, I recommend you use a

book such as A+ Certification For Dummies (Hungry Minds, Inc.), Network+
Certification For Dummies (Hungry Minds, Inc.) or Networking For Dummies (Hungry
Minds, Inc.) to obtain this knowledge before you begin this book.
Conventions Used in This Book
Every book has its own set of conventions, so I’ll explain the ones I’ve used in this
book to you right up front.
Icons
You’ll see several icons throughout each chapter. There are five different types of
icons used in this book. Below are the explanations of each icon:
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Preface
This icon is used to warn you that something unfortunate could happen if you’re
not careful. It also points out information that could save you a lot of grief. It’s
often easier to prevent a tragedy than to fix it afterwards.
This icon points you to another place in this book for more coverage of a particu-
lar topic. It may point you back to a previous chapter where important material has
already been covered, or it may point you ahead to let you know that a topic will
be covered in more detail later on.
This icon points out important information or advice for those preparing to take
the Server+ certification exam.
Sometimes things work differently in the real world than books — or product doc-
umentation — say they do. This icon draws your attention to the author’s real-
world experiences, which will hopefully help you on the job if not on the Server+
certification exam.
This icon points out exactly where an exam objective is covered in a particular chap-
ter, so you can focus your efforts on the areas where you need the most practice.
This icon is used to draw your attention to a little piece of friendly advice, a helpful
fact, a shortcut, or a bit of personal experience that might be of use to you.
Tip

Objective
In the
Real World
Exam Tip
Cross-
Reference
Caution
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page xiii
Acknowledgments
I
never grow tired of thanking the many people who make it possible for me to be
an author. It’s such a great feeling when it’s all said and done and I have a huge
book like this to share with everyone.
First of all, I owe a huge debt of gratitude to my brother Nigel Kay and to my good
friend Kevin Benjamin for the many hours they spent working with me on this pro-
ject. I don’t know how to thank you enough.
Thanks to everyone at Hungry Minds, including Judy Brief, Acquisitions Manager;
Katie Feltman, Acquisitions Editor; Brian MacDonald, Senior Project Editor; Kevin
Kent, Copyeditor; Joe Byrne, Technical Editor; and to everyone in the Graphics and
Production departments for their hard work and dedication to making this book a
reality.
And last but not least, thanks to my close friends, Clare Steed, Sharon Cleland, Rob
(The Sculpture) Heath, Joe Piotrowski, Dave and Chris Testolin, Jim Esler, and
LisaMarie Hernandez, Ricki Fudge, Steve Marino, Ken Dejong, and Lisa Mior, for
their tremendous support during this project.
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page xiv
Contents at a Glance
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Part I: Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1: Planning for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2: Setting Up the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 3: Installing Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Part II: Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Chapter 4: Configuring RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter 5: Configuring the Operating System and Network . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 6: Using Services and Monitoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Part III: Upgrading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Chapter 7: Upgrading Motherboard Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Chapter 8: Upgrading Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Chapter 9: Upgrading Cards and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Part IV: Proactive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Chapter 10: Monitoring Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Chapter 11: Using Monitoring Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Chapter 12: Physical Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Part V: Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Chapter 13: Securing the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Chapter 14: Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Part VI: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Chapter 15: Determining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Chapter 16: Using Diagnostic Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
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Server+ Certification Bible
Part VII: Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Chapter 17: Planning for Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Chapter 18: Ensuring Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Chapter 19: Backing Up and Restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Appendix A: Exam Objective Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Appendix B: Practice Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Appendix C: Test Taking Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Appendix D: What’s on the CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
End-User License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
CD-ROM Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
4809-3 FM.F 5/15/01 9:45 AM Page xvi
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Part I: Installation 1
Chapter 1: Planning for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Installation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Installation planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Types of servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Verifying OS Hardware Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Verifying Power Sources and UPS Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Uninterruptible power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Verifying Rack Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Network Cabling and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Network topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Types of cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cable location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Verifying Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 2: Setting Up the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Server Rack Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Preparing the rack for installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Installing equipment in the rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Preparing Network Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Coaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Twisted-pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Making the cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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Server+ Certification Bible
Installing the UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Charging the UPS battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Connecting the UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Configuring the UPS software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Testing the UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Chapter 3: Installing Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Installing Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Installing internal devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Installing external devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Verifying SCSI IDs and Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Host adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Verifying device numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Device cabling and termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
BIOS and Firmware Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Monitoring the Power-On Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Power initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
BIOS initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Power-on self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Part II: Configuration 79
Chapter 4: Configuring RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
The History of RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Mirroring and Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
RAID Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
RAID 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
RAID 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
RAID 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RAID 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RAID 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
RAID 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
RAID 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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Hybrid RAID Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
RAID 0+1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
RAID 30 and RAID 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Hardware RAID and Software RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
External RAID storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
PCI card RAID controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Embedded RAID controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
RAID BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Controller caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Fibre Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Software RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
RAID Disk Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Chapter 5: Configuring the Operating System and Network . . . . . 105
Examining the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Configuring the Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Installing the NOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Microsoft Windows NT/2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Novell NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
IBM OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Configuring and Verifying Network Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
NetBEUI and NetBIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Novell IPX/SPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Verifying network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Applying Patches and Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Bug fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Functionality enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Hardware driver support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Security fixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Types of NOS updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Finding updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Installing a service pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Updating major operating systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Shutting Down the Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
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Chapter 6: Using Services and Monitoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Using Tools and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Monitoring the network with SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Using monitoring tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Using event logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Backing up the server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Performing a Server Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Documenting the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Part III: Upgrading 167
Chapter 7: Upgrading Motherboard Components . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Backing up Before Upgrading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Central Processing Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CPU concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CPU architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Installing a CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
System Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Basic types of server memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Memory packaging types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Installing memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
System Bus Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
System bus concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
I/O buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Upgrading BIOS and Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Performing an Upgrade Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Chapter 8: Upgrading Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
IDE/ATA Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
IDE/ATA standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
IDE configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
IDE cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
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SCSI Disk Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
SCSI standards and technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Cables, connectors, and termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
SCSI configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Installing SCSI drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
SCSI configuration and upgrading issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Upgrading SCSI RAID Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Configuring the OS to Recognize
New Hard Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter 9: Upgrading Cards and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
System Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
IRQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
I/O addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Direct Memory Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
PCI plug-and-play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Expansion slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Upgrading Network Interface Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
System bus issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Duplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Adaptive teaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Installing a network card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Upgrading Peripheral Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
SCSI adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Video cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Sound cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Tape drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Upgrading UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
UPS batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
UPS software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Upgrading Diagnostic Tools and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Upgrading System Monitoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
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Part IV: Proactive Maintenance 255
Chapter 10: Monitoring Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Performing Regular Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Backup performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Improving backup performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Record it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Creating a Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Documenting performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Taking a system snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Measuring and Evaluating Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Evaluating Overall Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Documenting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Chapter 11: Using Monitoring Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Monitoring Your Network with SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
How SNMP works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
SNMP Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
SNMP commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Setting SNMP thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Hardware Monitoring Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Dedicated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Software monitoring of server hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Third-Party Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Application Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Event Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Remote Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Network Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Identifying Bottlenecks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
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Chapter 12: Physical Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Sights, Sounds, and Smells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Checking Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
System power lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Hardware diagnostic lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Hard drive lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Network card lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Tape drive lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Temperature and Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Internal air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
External ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Server Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Chip fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Power supply fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Chassis fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Checking Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Network cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Internal cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Keyboard, monitor, and mouse cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Electrical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Surge protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Surge suppressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Line conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Part V: Security 321
Chapter 13: Securing the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Securing the Physical Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Server room construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Server room access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Access control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Biometric systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Anti-theft devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Securing Backup Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Fireproof safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Off-site storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Disposing of Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Documenting Security Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
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Server+ Certification Bible
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Chapter 14: Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Recognizing Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Humidity level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Air Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Air quality levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Sources of contaminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Regular cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Electrical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Quality of power source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Proper grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Electrostatic discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Fire Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Non-liquid systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Answers to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Chapter pre-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Assessment questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Part VI: Troubleshooting 363
Chapter 15: Determining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Isolating the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Troubleshooting methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Know the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Know the products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Logic and reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Ask the right questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
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