flat129flimsyfloply andtừ điển tiếng anh căn bản giành cho người bắt đầu học ppt

flat 129 flop
ly and suddenly ć Lightning flashed all
around.
2. to move or to pass by quickly
ć The champion flashed past to win in
record time.
flat
flat /flt/
adjective
1. level, not sloping
or curved
ć a house with a flat roof 2.
(
of a battery
) with no electric power left
ć The car wouldn’t start because the
battery was flat.
í
noun
a set of rooms
on one floor, usually in a building with
several similar sets of rooms
ć They live
in the block of flats next to the under-
ground station.
ć Their flat is on the
ground floor.
flatten
flatten /flt(ə)n/
verb
to make flat

flatter
flatter /fltə/
verb
to praise in order to
please them
ć Just flatter the boss a bit,
tell him how good his golf is, and he’ll
give you a rise.
flavor
flavor /flevə/
noun
,
verb
US spelling of
flavour
flavour
flavour /flevə/
noun
a particular taste ć
The tomato soup had an unusual fla-
vour.
ć What flavour of ice cream do
you want?
í
verb
to add things such as
salt or pepper to food, to give it a special
taste
ć soup flavoured with herbs ć Use
rosemary to flavour lamb.

flee
flee /fli/
verb
to run away from some-
thing
ć As the fighting spread, the vil-
lage people fled into the jungle.
ć She
tried to flee but her foot was caught in
the rope.
(NOTE: Do not confuse with
flea. Note also: flees – fleeing – fled
/
fled/.)
fleeting
fleeting /flitŋ/
adjective
lasting for a
very short time only
ć She only caught
a fleeting glimpse of the princess.
flesh
flesh /fleʃ/
noun
1. a soft part of the body
covering the bones
2. a soft part of a
fruit
ć a melon with pink flesh (NOTE:
no plural)

ȣ in the flesh not on TV or
in photographs, but here and now
ć It
was strange to see the TV newsreader in
the flesh.
flew
flew /flu/ past tense of fly
flight
flight /flat/
noun
a journey in a plane ć
Go to gate 25 for flight AB198. ć All
flights to Paris have been cancelled.
ć
She sat next to me on a flight to Mon-
treal.
flimsy
flimsy /flmzi/
adjective
likely to break
because of being badly made
ć The
shelter was a flimsy construction of
branches covered with grass and leaves.
fling
fling /flŋ/
verb
to throw something care-
lessly and with a lot of force
ć He flung

the empty bottle into the sea.
(NOTE:
flings – flinging – flung)
float
float /fləυt/
verb
1. to lie on the top of a
liquid
ć Dead fish were floating in the
river.
2. to put something on the top of a
liquid
ć He floated a paper boat on the
lake.
flock
flock /flɒk/
noun
a group of similar ani-
mals together
ć a flock of birds ć A
flock of sheep were grazing on the hill-
side.
(NOTE: flock is usually used with
sheep, goats, and birds such as hens
or geese. For cattle, the word to use is
herd.)
í
verb
to move in large numbers
ć Tourists flocked to see the changing of

the guard.
ć Holidaymakers have been
flocking to the resorts on the south
coast.
flood
flood /fld/
noun
a large amount of water
over an area of land which is usually dry
ć The floods were caused by heavy rain.
í
verb
1. to cover something with water
ć They are going to build a dam and
flood the valley.
ć Fields were flooded
after the river burst its banks.
ć He for-
got to turn the tap off and flooded the
bathroom.
2. to become covered with
water
ć She left the tap on and the bath-
room flooded.
3. to come in large num-
bers
ć The office was flooded with com-
plaints. or Complaints came flooding
into the office.
floor

floor /flɔ/
noun
1. the part of a room on
which you walk
ć He put the books in a
pile on the floor.
ć If there are no empty
chairs left, you’ll have to sit on the floor.
2. all the rooms on one level in a build-
ing
ć The bathroom is on the ground
floor.
ć His office is on the fifth floor. ć
There is a good view of the town from
the top floor.
flop
flop /flɒp/
noun
something that is not
successful
ć His new play was a com-
plete flop and closed after only ten per-
formances.
ć The film was a big hit in
New York but it was a flop in London.
í
verb
1. to fall or sit down suddenly, with
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flour 130 fond
your body relaxed ć She got back from
the sales and flopped down on the sofa.
2. to be unsuccessful ć The play was a
big hit on Broadway but it flopped in
London.
(NOTE: flops – flopping –
flopped)
flour
flour /flaυə/
noun
wheat grain crushed to
powder, used for making food such as
bread or cakes
flourish
flourish /flrʃ/
verb
1. to grow well; to
be successful
ć Palms flourish in hot
countries.
2. to wave something in the
air
ć She came in with a big smile, flour-
ishing a cheque.
flow
flow /fləυ/

verb
to move along smoothly
ć The river flows into the sea. ć Traffic
on the motorway is flowing smoothly.
í
noun
the movement of things such as
liquid or air, or of people
ć She tried to
stop the flow of blood with a tight band-
age.
ć There was a steady flow of visi-
tors to the exhibition.
flower
flower /flaυə/
noun
the colourful part of
a plant, which attracts insects and pro-
duces fruit or seeds
ć a plant with
bright yellow flowers
˽ in flower cov-
ered with flowers
ć Go to Japan when
the cherry trees are in flower.
í
verb
to
produce flowers
ć a plant which flowers

in early summer
ć The cherry trees
flowered very late this year.
flown
flown /fləυn/ past participle of fly
flu
flu /flu/
noun
a common illness like a
bad cold, often with a high temperature
fluid
fluid /flud/
noun
a liquid ć You need to
drink plenty of fluids in hot weather.
flung
flung /flŋ/ past tense and past participle
of
fling
fly
fly /fla/
noun
a small insect with wings
which eats food and spreads diseases
ć
He tried to kill the fly with a newspaper.
ć Cover the food to protect it from flies.
í
verb
1. to move through the air using

wings
ć When the cat came into the
garden, the birds flew away.
ć Some
birds fly to Africa for the winter.
2. to
travel in a plane
ć I’m flying to China
next week.
ć He flies across the Atlantic
twice a month.
3. to be quick ć I must fly
if I want to get home by 6 o’clock.
(NOTE: flies – flying – flew /flu/ – has
flown /
fləυn/) ȣ time flies time passes
quickly
ć His daughter is already two –
how time flies!
flying
flying /flaŋ/
adjective
flying in the air
ć flying ants í
noun
the act of travel-
ling in a plane
ć He has a fear of flying.
foam
foam /fəυm/

noun
a mass of small bub-
bles
ć This soap makes a large amount
of foam.
fog
fog /fɒ/
noun
a thick mist made up of
many tiny drops of water
fold
fold /fəυld/
noun
a piece of something
such as cloth or skin which hangs down
loosely
ć She wanted the surgeon to re-
move the folds of skin under her chin.
í
verb
to bend something such as a piece
of paper so that one part is on top of the
other
ć Fold the piece of paper in half.
ć He folded the newspaper and put it
into his briefcase.
folder
folder /fəυldə/
noun
an envelope made

of thin card or plastic and used for hold-
ing papers
folk
folk /fəυk/
noun
people (NOTE: Folk
takes a plural verb. The plural form
folks is also used.)
follow
follow /fɒləυ/
verb
1. to come after or
behind someone or something
ć What
letter follows B in the alphabet?
ć The
dog followed me all the way home.
2. to
walk or drive behind someone, e.g. in
order to see where they are going
ć I
had the impression I was being fol-
lowed.
3. to do what someone tells you
to do
ć She followed the instructions on
the tin of paint.
ć He made the cake fol-
lowing a recipe in the newspaper.
ȣ fol-

low suit
to do what someone else does
ć She jumped into the pool and every-
one else followed suit.
follower
follower /fɒləυə/
noun
a supporter
following
following /fɒləυŋ/
adjective
which
comes next
ć They arrived on Friday
and the following day she became ill.
ć
Look at the following picture. í
prepo-
sition
after ć Following his death, his
son sold the family house.
fond
fond /fɒnd/
adjective
liking someone or
something
ć I’m fond of my sister’s
children.
ć Michael’s very fond of play-
ing golf.

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fondly 131 forehead
fondly
fondly /fɒndli/
adverb
in a way which
shows you are fond of someone or
something
food
food /fud/
noun
things which you eat ć
This hotel is famous for its good food. ć
Do you like German food?
foolish
foolish /fulʃ/
adjective
showing a lack
of intelligence or good judgment
ć That
was a rather foolish thing to do.
ć I felt
rather foolish.
foot
foot /fυt/
noun

1. the part at the end of
your leg on which you stand
ć She has
very small feet.
ć Watch out, you trod on
my foot!
˽ on foot walking ć They com-
pleted the rest of the journey on foot.
2.
the bottom part; the end ć There is a
door at the foot of the stairs.
ć There are
traffic lights at the foot of the hill.
ć
Sign the document at the foot of the
page.
3. a unit of measurement equal to
about 30 centimetres
ć The table is four
foot or four feet long.
ć She’s almost six
foot tall.
ć I’m five foot seven (5’ 7"). ı
inch (NOTE: The plural is feet. As a
measurement foot often has no plural
form:
six foot tall
;
three foot wide
. With

numbers foot is also often written with
the symbol ’
a 6’ ladder
;
he is 5’ 6
: say
‘he’s five foot six’.)
football
football /fυtbɔl/
noun
1. a game
played between two teams of eleven
players with a round ball which can be
kicked or headed, but not carried
ć They
went to a football match.
ć The children
were playing football in the street.
ć
Let’s have a game of football. ć He
spends all his time watching football on
TV.
ć He’s got a new pair of football
boots.
2. a ball used for kicking; the ball
used in the various games of football
ć
They were kicking a football around in
the street.
footballer

footballer /fυtbɔlə/
noun
a person
who plays football
footprint
footprint /fυtprnt/
noun
a mark left by
someone’s foot on the ground
ć They
followed the footprints in the snow to
the cave.
footstep
footstep /fυtstep/
noun
a sound made
by a foot touching the ground
ć We
heard soft footsteps along the corridor.
for
for /fə, fɔ/
preposition
1. showing the
purpose or use of something
ć This
plastic bag is for the apples.
ć What’s
that key for?
2. showing the occasion on
which or the reason why something is

given
ć What did you get for your birth-
day?
ć What did you win for coming
first?
3. showing the person who re-
ceives something
ć There was no mail
for you this morning.
ć I’m making a
cup of tea for my mother.
4. showing
how long something takes
ć He has
gone to France for two days.
ć We’ve
been waiting here for hours.
5. showing
distance
ć You can see for miles from
the top of the hill.
ć The motorway goes
for kilometres without any service sta-
tions.
6. showing where someone or
something is going
ć Is this the plane
for Edinburgh?
ć When is the next bus
for Oxford Circus?

7. in the place of
someone
ć Can you write this letter for
me?
forbid
forbid /fə

bd/
verb
to tell someone that
they are not allowed to do something
ć
The staff are forbidden to use the front
entrance.
(NOTE: forbids – forbidding
– forbade /
fə

bd/ – forbidden /fə

bd(ə)n/)
force
force /fɔs/
noun
1. strength or power ć
The force of the wind blew tiles off the
roof.
ć The police had to use force to re-
strain the crowd.
2. an organised group

of people
ć He served in the police
force for twenty years.
í
verb
to make
someone do something
ć He was forced
to stop smoking.
ć You can’t force me to
go if I don’t want to.
forecast
forecast /fɔkɑst/
noun
what you
think will happen in the future
ć His
forecast of sales turned out to be com-
pletely accurate.
í
verb
to say what will
happen in the future
ć They are fore-
casting storms for the south coast.
ć
They forecast a rise in the number of
tourists.
(NOTE: forecasts – forecast-
ing – forecast)

foreground
foreground /fɔraυnd/
noun
a part of
a picture which seems nearest the front
forehead
forehead /fɔhed/
noun
the part of the
front of the head above the eyes and be-
low the line of the hair
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foreign 132 fortune
foreign
foreign /fɒrn/
adjective
not from your
own country
ć There are lots of foreign
medical students at our college.
foreigner
foreigner /fɒrnə/
noun
a person who
does not come from the same country as
you

forest
forest /fɒrst/
noun
a large area covered
with trees
ć The country is covered with
thick forests.
ć In dry weather there’s a
danger of forest fires.
ć In winter bears
come out of the forest to search for food.
forever
forever /fɔr

evə/, for ever /fər evə/
adverb
1. always in the future ć I will
love you forever.
2. a very long time ć It
took us forever to get to the hotel.
forget
forget /fə

et/
verb
1. not to remember ć
He’s forgotten the name of the restau-
rant.
ć I’ve forgotten how to play chess.
ć She forgot all about her doctor’s ap-

pointment.
2. to leave something behind
ć When he left the office he forgot his
car keys.
(NOTE: forgets – forgetting –
forgot /
fə

ɒt/ – has forgotten /fə

ɒtən/)
forgive
forgive /fə

v/
verb
to stop being angry
with someone
ć Don’t worry about it –
I forgive you!
ć Will she ever forgive me
for forgetting her birthday?
(NOTE: for-
gives – forgiving – forgave /
fə

ev/
– has forgiven)
forgot
forgot /fə


ɒt/ past tense of forget
forgotten
forgotten /fə

ɒt(ə)n/ past participle of
forget
fork
fork /fɔk/
noun
an object with a handle
at one end and several sharp points at
the other, used for picking up food and
putting it in your mouth
ć Don’t try to
eat Chinese food with a knife and fork.
ć It’s polite to use a fork to eat cake –
don’t use your fingers.
í
verb
to be-
come two parts
ć The railway line forks
at Crewe and one branch goes to the
coast.
form
form /fɔm/
noun
1. an official paper
with spaces, in which you are asked to

write information such as your name
and address ? Could you please fill in
this form with your details?
2. a state or
condition
ć Their team wasn’t in top
form and lost.
˽ in good form in a good
mood; well
ć She’s in good form today.
3. a class, usually in a secondary school
ć She’s in the third form. í
verb
1. to sit
or stand with others so as to make a par-
ticular shape
ć The children formed a
circle.
ć Form a queue here, please. 2.
˽ formed of made of ć The team is
formed of ex-students.
formal
formal /fɔm(ə)l/
adjective
1. done ac-
cording to certain rules
ć The formal
opening ceremony was performed by
the mayor.
2. serious in style; suitable

for special or official occasions
ć ‘Good
afternoon’ is a formal way of saying
‘Hello’ in the afternoon.
formally
formally /fɔməli/
adverb
according to
rules; done or spoken in a serious way
formation
formation /fɔ

meʃ(ə)n/
noun
the act
of forming something
ć The formation
of ice occurs at temperatures below ze-
ro.
former
former /fɔmə/
adjective
referring to a
person’s or a thing’s job or position at an
earlier time
ć a former army officer ć
The former champion came last in the
race.
formerly
formerly /fɔməli/

adverb
at an earlier
time
ć He was formerly head of our de-
partment.
fort
fort /fɔt/
noun
a strong army building
which can be defended against enemy
attacks
ć The soldiers rode out of the
fort.
ć He was posted to a fort in the
desert.
forth
forth /fɔθ/
adverb
forwards
fortieth
fortieth /fɔtəθ/
adjective
relating to
the number 40 in a series
ć her fortieth
birthday
ć He came fortieth and last in
the race.
ć It’s her fortieth birthday to-
morrow.

fortnight
fortnight /fɔtnat/
noun
two weeks
(NOTE: not used in US English)
fortunate
fortunate /fɔtʃənət/
adjective
having
better things happen to you than happen
to other people
ć You are very fortunate
to have such a lovely family.
fortunately
fortunately /fɔtʃənətli/
adverb
by
good luck
ć Fortunately, he had remem-
bered to take an umbrella.
ć He was
late getting to the airport, but fortunate-
ly the flight had been delayed.
fortune
fortune /fɔtʃən/
noun
1. a large
amount of money
ć He won a fortune
on the lottery.

ć She made a fortune on
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forty 133 fracture
the stock market. ć She left her fortune
to her three children.
2. what will hap-
pen in the future
ć She claims to be able
to tell your fortune using cards.
forty
forty /fɔti/
noun
the number 40 ć She’s
forty (years old).
ć He has more than
forty pairs of shoes.
˽ forties the num-
bers between 40 and 49
forward
forward /fɔwəd/
adjective
confident ć
She was always very forward as a child.
í
adverb
1. in the direction that some-

one or something is facing
ć She bent
forward to hear what he had to say.
ć
He took two steps forward. ć The po-
liceman made a sign with his hand and
the cars began to go forward.
2. towards
the future
ć We need to do some forward
planning.
˽ to look forward to some-
thing to think happily about something
which is going to happen
ć I’m looking
forward to my holidays.
ć He isn’t look-
ing forward to his exams.
ć I’m looking
forward to seeing her again.
í
noun
a
player in a team whose job is to attack
the other side
ć The England defence
came under attack from the other team’s
forwards.
forwards
forwards /fɔwədz/

adverb
in the di-
rection that someone or something is
facing
ć She bent forwards to hear what
he had to say.
ć He took two steps for-
wards.
ć The policeman made a sign
with his hand and the cars began to go
forwards.
fossil
fossil /fɒs(ə)l/
noun
the mark of an ani-
mal or plant left in a rock, formed over
millions of years
fought
fought /fɔt/ past tense and past partici-
ple of
fight
foul
foul /faυl/
adjective
1. smelling or tasting
unpleasant
ć A foul-smelling drain ran
down the centre of the street.
2. very un-
pleasant

ć What foul weather we’re
having!
ć The boss has been in a foul
temper all day.
í
noun
an action which
is against the rules of a game
ć The ref-
eree gave a free kick for a foul on the
goalkeeper.
ć Look at the action replay
to see if it really was a foul.
(NOTE: Do
not confuse with fowl.)
í
verb
to do
something to another player which is
against the rules of a game
ć He was
fouled inside the penalty box so the ref
gave a penalty.
found
found /faυnd/
verb
to establish some-
thing; to begin something
ć The busi-
ness was founded in 1900.

í past tense
and past participle of
find
foundation
foundation /faυn

deʃ(ə)n/
noun
1. the
act of establishing something or of set-
ting something up
ć Ever since its foun-
dation in 1892, the company has been a
great success.
2. a charitable organisa-
tion which provides money for certain
projects
ć a foundation for educational
research
fountain
fountain /faυntn/
noun
an object or a
structure with a pump which makes a
stream of water come out, usually found
in a street or a large garden
four
four /fɔ/
noun
the number 4 ć A square

has four corners.
ć He’s four (years
old).
ć I have an appointment with the
doctor at four (o’clock).
fourteen
fourteen /fɔ

tin/
noun
the number 14
ć There are fourteen houses in our
street.
ć He’s fourteen (years old) next
week.
fourteenth
fourteenth /fɔ

tinθ/
adjective
,
noun
relating to the number 14 in a series ć
She came fourteenth in the race. ć The
fourteenth of July or July the fourteenth
(July 14th).
ć It was her fourteenth
birthday yesterday.
fourth
fourth /fɔθ/

adjective
referring to 4 ć
the fourth of October or October the
fourth (October 4th)
ć This is the fourth
time he’s had to go to hospital this year.
ć It’s her fourth birthday tomorrow. í
number 14 in a series ć I’ve had so
many letters – this is the fourteenth.
fox
fox /fɒks/
noun
a wild animal with red-
dish fur and a long thick tail
(NOTE: The
plural is foxes.)
fraction
fraction /frkʃən/
noun
1. (
in mathe-
matics
) a unit that is less than a whole
number
ć 0.25 and 0.5 are ¼ and ½ ex-
pressed as fractions.
2. a small part of
something
ć Only a fraction of the sto-
len money was ever found.

fracture
fracture /frktʃə/
noun
a break, espe-
cially in a bone
ć The X-ray showed up
the fracture clearly.
í
verb
to break a
bone
ć He fractured his leg in the acci-
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fragile 134 fridge
dent. ć They put her fractured leg in
plaster.
fragile
fragile /frdal/
adjective
made from
materials that are easily broken
ć Be
careful when you’re packing these
plates – they’re very fragile.
fragment
fragment /frmənt/

noun
a small
piece
ć When digging on the site of the
house they found fragments of very old
glass.
frail
frail /frel/
adjective
physically weak, es-
pecially because of age
ć His grand-
mother is now rather frail.
frame
frame /frem/
noun
a border around
something such as a pair of glasses, a
picture, a mirror or a window
ć He has
glasses with gold frames.
ć I think the
frame is worth more than the painting.
í
verb
to put a frame round a picture ć
The photograph has been framed in red.
free
free /fri/
adjective

1. not costing any
money
ć Send in four tokens from cere-
al boxes and you can get a free toy.
ć I
got a free ticket for the exhibition.
2. not
busy; available
ć Will you be free next
Tuesday?
ć There is a table free in the
corner of the restaurant.
ć Do you have
any free time next week?
3. able to do
what you want; not forced to do any-
thing
ć He’s free to do what he wants. 4.
not in prison or a cage ć After six years
in prison he’s a free man again.
˽ to set
someone or something free to allow
someone to leave prison, or to let an an-
imal out of a cage
ć The young birds
were raised in the zoo and then set free
in the wild.
í
verb
to release someone

who is trapped
ć It took the fire service
some time to free the passengers in the
bus.
(NOTE: frees – freeing – freed)
freedom
freedom /fridəm/
noun
1. the state of
being free, rather than being forced to
stay somewhere or being in prison
ć
She felt a sense of freedom being in the
country after working all week in the
city.
ć His lawyer pleaded for his cli-
ent’s freedom.
2. the state of being al-
lowed to do what you want
ć They are
trying to restrict our freedom of move-
ment.
freeze
freeze /friz/
verb
1. (
of a liquid
) to be-
come solid because of the cold
ć The

winter was mild, and for the first time
ever the river did not freeze over.
ć It’s
so cold that the lake has frozen solid.
2.
to make food very cold so that it does
not decay
ć We froze the raspberries we
picked this morning.
3. to become very
cold
ć The forecast is that it will freeze
tonight.
ć Put a hat on or you’ll freeze!
(NOTE: freezes – freezing – froze
/
frəυz/ – has frozen)
freezer
freezer /frizə/
noun
a piece of equip-
ment like a large box, which is very cold
inside, used for freezing food and keep-
ing it frozen
freezing
freezing /frizŋ/
adjective
very cold
French
French /frentʃ/

adjective
referring to
France
í
noun
the language spoken in
France
frequency
frequency /frikwənsi/
noun
the
number of times that something hap-
pens over a particular period of time
ć
The government is becoming alarmed at
the frequency of accidents in the con-
struction industry.
(NOTE: no plural)
frequent
frequent /frikwənt/
adjective
happen-
ing or appearing often
ć He was a fre-
quent visitor to the library.
ć Skin can-
cer is becoming more frequent.
ć How
frequent are the planes to Birmingham?
frequently

frequently /frikwəntli/
adverb
often
ć The ferries don’t run as frequently in
the winter.
ć She could frequently be
seen walking her dog in the park.
fresh
fresh /freʃ/
adjective
1. not used or not
dirty
ć I’ll get you a fresh towel. 2.
made recently ć a basket of fresh rolls ć
Let’s ask for a pot of fresh coffee. 3. new
and different
ć The police produced
some fresh evidence.
4. (
of food
) not in
a tin or frozen
ć Fresh fruit salad is bet-
ter than tinned.
ć Fresh vegetables are
difficult to get in winter.
Friday
Friday /frade/
noun
the fifth day of the

week, the day between Thursday and
Saturday
ć We all had a meal together
last Friday.
ć We always go to the cine-
ma on Friday evenings.
ć We n ormally
have our meetings on Fridays.
ć Friday
is a day of rest for Muslims.
ć Tod ay is
Friday, June 20th.
fridge
fridge /frd/
noun
a kitchen machine for
keeping things cold
ć The fridge is emp-
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fried 135 frozen
ty – we must buy some more food. ć
Shall I put the milk back in the fridge?
fried
fried /frad/ past tense and past participle
of
fry í

adjective
cooked in oil or fat
friend
friend /frend/
noun
a person that you
know well and like
ć She’s my best
friend.
ć We’re going on holiday with
some friends from work.
friendly
friendly /frendli/
adjective
pleasant and
kind, wanting to make friends
ć Don’t
be frightened of the dog – he’s very
friendly.
ć We’re not on friendly terms
with the people who live next door.
(NOTE: friendlier – friendliest)
friendship
friendship /frendʃp/
noun
the state of
being friends
ć He formed several last-
ing friendships at school.
fries

fries /fraz/ 3rd person singular present
of
fry
fright
fright /frat/
noun
fear
frighten
frighten /frat(ə)n/
verb
to make some-
one afraid
ć Take off that horrible mask
– you’ll frighten the children.
ć The cat
has frightened all the birds away.
frightened
frightened /fratn(ə)d/
adjective
afraid
ć The frightened children ran out of the
building.
frightening
frightening /frat(ə)nŋ/
adjective
making you feel afraid ć a frightening
sound of footsteps in the corridor
ć He
had a frightening thought – what if no
one heard his cries for help?

frog
frog /frɒ/
noun
a small greenish-brown
animal with long legs, which jumps, and
lives both on land and in water
ć He
kept some tadpoles in a jar hoping they
would turn into frogs.
ć Can you hear
the frogs croaking round the pond?
from
from /frəm, frɒm/
preposition
1. away
2. showing the place where something
starts or started
ć He comes from Ger-
many.
ć The bees went from flower to
flower.
ć We’ve had a letter from the
bank.
ć He read the book from begin-
ning to end.
ć Take three from four and
you get one.
ć I took a book from the
pile on his desk.
3. showing the time

when something starts or started
ć I’ll
be at home from 8 o’clock onwards.
ć
The hours of work are 9.30 to 5.30, from
Monday to Friday.
ć From now on I’m
going to get up early.
4. showing dis-
tance
ć It is not far from here to the rail-
way station.
5. showing difference ć
Can you tell butter from margarine? ć
His job is totally different from mine. 6.
showing a cause ć He died from the in-
juries he received in the accident.
ć He
suffers from angina.
ć She suffers from
coughs every winter.
front
front /frnt/
noun
a part of something
which is furthest forward
ć The front of
the house is on London Road.
ć She
spilt coffee down the front of her dress.

í
adjective
which is in front ć She sat
in the front seat, next to the driver.
ȣ in
front
further forwards ć Her mother sat
in the back seat and she sat in front.
ȣ
in front of someone
or
something
before or further forwards than some-
thing
ć Don’t stand in front of the car –
it may start suddenly.
ć There are six
people in front of me in the queue.
ć You
can park your car in front of the shop.
front door
front door /frnt dɔ/
noun
the main
door to a house or building
frost
frost /frɒst/
noun
1. a white covering on
the ground that appears when the tem-

perature is below freezing
ć The garden
was white with frost.
2. an occasion on
which the temperature outside is below
freezing
ć There was a hard frost last
night.
ć There’s a touch of frost in the
air.
ć A late frost can damage young
plants.
frown
frown /fraυn/
verb
to make lines in the
skin on your forehead because you are
concentrating or worried
ć He frowned
as he tried to do the calculation.
í
noun
pulling your eyebrows together as a sign
that you are angry or worried
ć Take
that frown off your face – everything’s
going to be all right.
frown on
phrasal verb
to disapprove of

something
ć The teachers frown on
singing in the corridors.
ć The company
frowns on people who bring food into
the office.
froze
froze /frəυz/ past tense of freeze
frozen
frozen /frəυz(ə)n/ past participle of
freeze í
adjective
1. very cold ć Come
inside – you must be frozen out there.
2.
at a temperature below freezing point ć
We went skating on the frozen lake.
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fruit 136 funnel
fruit
fruit /frut/
noun
a food that grows on
trees or plants, which is often eaten raw
and is usually sweet
ć You should eat

five pieces of fruit or vegetables every
day.
ć He has six fruit trees in his gar-
den.
fry
fry /fra/
verb
to cook something in oil or
fat
ć Fry the onions over a low heat so
that they don’t burn.
ć Fry the eggs in
some fat.
(NOTE: fries /fraz/ – frying –
fried /
frad/)
frying pan
frying pan /fraŋ pn/
noun
an open
pan with low sides, used for frying
fuel
fuel /fjuəl/
noun
a substance such coal,
gas, oil, petrol or wood which can be
burnt to give heat or power
ć What fuel
do you use to heat the house?
ć We ran

out of fuel on the motorway.
fulfil
fulfil /fυl

fl/
verb
to complete something
in a satisfactory way
ć He died before
he could fulfil his ambition to fly a
plane.
ć We are so busy that we cannot
fulfil any more orders before Christmas.
(NOTE: fulfilling – fulfilled. The US
spelling is fulfill.)
full
full /fυl/
adjective
1. with as much inside
as is possible
ć Is the box full? ć The
bag is full of potatoes.
ć We couldn’t get
on the first bus because it was full.
ć All
the hotels were full.
2. complete ć You
must give the police full details of the
accident.
ć Write your full name and

address at the top of the paper.
í
adverb
completely ć The story has never been
told in full.
full stop
full stop /fυl stɒp/
noun
a punctuation
mark like a small dot, showing the end
of a sentence or an abbreviation
fully
fully /fυli/
adverb
completely ć He was
fully aware that he had made a mistake.
ć She still hasn’t fully recovered from
her accident.
ć The hotel is fully booked
for the Christmas week.
ć When fully
grown, an elephant can weigh several
tons.
fun
fun /fn/
noun
enjoyment from an activi-
ty
ć Having to stay in bed on my birth-
day is not much fun.

˽ to have fun to en-
joy yourself
ć We had a lot of fun on the
river.
˽ for fun as a joke or for enjoy-
ment
ć She poured water down his neck
for fun.
ć Just for fun, he drove the car
through town dressed as a gorilla.
ć
Why did you do that? – Just for the fun
of it!
ȣ to make fun of someone, to
poke fun at someone
to laugh at
someone
ć Don’t make fun of her –
she’s trying her best.
ć He poked fun at
the Prime Minister.
function
function /fŋkʃən/
noun
1. a party, or a
gathering of people
ć We have two wed-
ding functions in the main restaurant
this weekend.
ć The Prime Minister

busy up with official functions all week.
2. the work done by someone or some-
thing
ć The function of a goalkeeper is
to stop the ball going into the net.
ć
What’s the function of that red switch?
í
verb
to work ć The computer is still
functioning well after years of use.
fund
fund /fnd/
noun
an amount of money
intended for a particular purpose
ć She
contributes to a pension fund.
í
verb
to
provide money for a special purpose
ć
We have asked the government to fund
the building of the new library.
ć The
company is funding her manager’s
course.
fundamental
fundamental /fndə


ment(ə)l/
adjec-
tive
basic; essential ć The fundamental
difference between us is that I apologise
for my mistakes and you don’t.
ć Good
air quality is fundamental for children’s
health.
funds
funds /fndz/
noun
money which is
available for spending
ć He started a
course at college and then ran out of
funds.
ć The company has the funds to
set up the research programme.
ć Funds
are available to get the project off the
ground.
funeral
funeral /fjun(ə)rəl/
noun
a ceremony
at which a dead person is buried or cre-
mated
ć The church was packed for her

funeral.
ć The funeral will take place on
Friday morning.
fungus
fungus /fŋəs/
noun
a plant which has
no green leaves or flowers and which
lives on decaying matter or on other
plants
(NOTE: The plural is fungi
/
fŋa/.)
funnel
funnel /fn(ə)l/
noun
a tube with a wide
opening and a narrow tube, used when
pouring liquids from one container into
another
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funny 137 future
funny
funny /fni/
adjective
1. making people

laugh
ć He made funny faces and all the
children laughed.
ć That joke isn’t fun-
ny.
2. strange ć She’s been behaving in
a funny way recently.
ć There’s a funny
smell in the bathroom.
(NOTE: funnier –
funniest)
fur
fur /f/
noun
the soft covering of an ani-
mal’s body
ć This type of cat has very
short fur.
ć She was wearing a fur coat.
ć Have you got any fur-lined boots?
(NOTE: Do not confuse with fir.)
furious
furious /fjυəriəs/
adjective
very angry
furniture
furniture /fntʃə/
noun
objects in,
e.g. a house or an office such as tables,

chairs, beds and cupboards
ć The bur-
glars stole all our office furniture.
ć You
should cover up all the furniture before
you start painting the ceiling.
(NOTE: no
plural:
some furniture
;
a lot of furniture
;
a piece of furniture
)
furry
furry /fri/
adjective
covered with fur
further
further /fðə/
adverb
at or to a greater
distance
ć Can you all move further
back – I can’t get you in the picture.
ć
The police station is quite close, but the
post office is further away.
ć Edinburgh
is further from London than Newcastle.

í
adjective
more ć The bank needs fur-
ther information about your salary.
ć
Please send me further details of holi-
days in Greece.
furthest
furthest /fðəst/
adverb
,
adjective
at
or to the greatest distance
ć Some of the
staff live quite close to the office – James
lives furthest away.
ć The furthest dis-
tance I have ever flown is to Hong Kong.
fury
fury /fjυəri/
noun
very strong anger ć
He shouted at us in fury.
fuse
fuse /fjuz/
noun
a small piece of wire in
an electrical system which breaks if too
much power tries to pass through it, so

preventing further damage
ć The plug
has a 13-amp fuse.
ć If the lights go out,
the first thing to do is to check the fuses.
fuss
fuss /fs/
noun
unnecessary excitement
or complaints
ć What’s all the fuss
about?
future
future /fjutʃə/
noun
a time which has
not yet happened
ć What are his plans
for the future?
ć You never know what
the future will bring.
ć Can you imagine
what London will be like in the future?
í
adjective
which is coming; which has
not happened yet
ć They are spending
all their time preparing for their future
retirement.

ć I try to save something
each week for future expenses.
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G
g
g /di/, G
noun
the seventh letter of the
alphabet, between F and H
gadget
gadget /dt/
noun
a small useful
tool
gain
gain /en/
verb
1. to achieve something,
or get it with some work or effort
ć The
army gained control of the country.
ć
She gained some useful experience
working for a computer company.
2. (
of

a clock or watch
) to move ahead of the
correct time
ć My watch gains five min-
utes a day.
í
noun
1. an increase in
weight, quantity or size
ć There was no
gain in weight over three weeks
2. ben-
efit or profit
ć He doesn’t do the job for
financial gain.
galaxy
galaxy /ləksi/
noun
an extremely
large group of stars
ć There are vast
numbers of galaxies in the universe.
(NOTE: The plural is galaxies.)
Galaxy, the
Galaxy, the /ləksi/
noun
the large
group of stars and planets that the Earth
forms part of
gale

gale /el/
noun
a very strong wind
gallery
gallery /ləri/
noun
1. ˽ (art) gallery
a place where objects such as pictures
and sculptures are shown to the public
2. the highest rows of seats in a theatre
or cinema
ć We managed to get two
seats in the gallery.
(NOTE: The plural is
galleries.)
gallon
gallon /lən/
noun
a measure of quan-
tity of liquid, equal to 4.55 litres
ć The
car was empty and I had to put in seven
gallons of petrol.
gallop
gallop /ləp/
verb
to go fast, especial-
ly on horseback
ć The riders galloped
through the woods.

ć He galloped
through his lecture.
í
noun
the fastest
running speed of a horse
ć The horse
went off at a gallop.
game
game /em/
noun
1. an activity in
which people compete with each other
using skill, strength or luck
ć She’s not
very good at games like chess.
2. a sin-
gle match between two opponents or
two opposing teams ć Everyone wanted
to watch the game of football.
ć Do you
want a game of snooker?
ć Our team
have won all their games this year.
3. a
single session in an activity or sport
such as tennis or cards
ć She’s winning
by six games to three.
4. wild animals

and birds such as deer, rabbits and
pheasants, which are killed for sport or
food
í
plural noun
Games a large or-
ganised sports competition
ć the Olym-
pic Games
gang
gang /ŋ/
noun
1. a group of criminals
ć a drugs gang 2. a group of young peo-
ple who do things together, especially
one that causes trouble
ć Gangs of foot-
ball fans wandered the streets after the
match.
3. a group of workers ć Gangs of
men worked all night to repair the rail-
way track.
gap
gap /p/
noun
a space between two
things or in the middle of something
ć
There’s a gap between the two planks. ć
The sheep all rushed through the gap in

the hedge.
gape
gape /ep/
verb
1. to open your mouth
wide in surprise or shock
2. to be wide
open
ć The entrance to the cave gaped
before us.
garage
garage /rd, rɑ/
noun
1. a
building where you can keep a car
ć He
put the car into the garage overnight.
ć
She drove the car out of the garage. ć
Don’t forget to lock the garage door. ć
The hotel has garage space for thirty
cars.
2. a place where petrol is sold and
where cars are repaired or sold
ć
Where’s the nearest garage? I need
some petrol.
ć I can’t drive you to the
station – my car is in the garage for re-
pair.

ć You can hire cars from the ga-
rage near the post office.
garbage
garbage /ɑbd/
noun
1. nonsense ć
I don’t believe a word of what he said –
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