Phần 16 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Mô hình mô phỏng điện gió trong Phần mềm PSSE)

TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION
A Division of Global Power
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING
D7
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on
November 25, 2013Prepared by: Mohamed El Chehaly
eBook for You
OUTLINE
2
OUTLINE
• Wind Farms
• Dynamic Models for Wind Farms
• Wind Farm Model Tests
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3
WIND FARMS
WIND

FARMS
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Power Flow Representation
4
WIND FARMS
Power

Flow

Representation
 Wind Turbine Generators modeled as
conventional generators with specific
configurations for Qcontrol
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Power Flow Representation
5
WIND FARMS
Power

Flow

Representation
 Wind machine control mode
 0: if this is not a wind machine (by default)
 1: if this is a wind machine that participates in
lt t l ith th l f QT (QMAX) d

vo
lt
age con
t
ro
l
w
ith

th
e va
l
ues o
f

QT

(QMAX)
an
d

QB (QMIN) on the data record specifying the
machine’s reactive
p
ower limits
(
similar to a
p(
conventional machine)
 2: if this is a wind machine that participates in

voltage control with specified power factor and the
voltage

control

with

specified

power

factor

and

the

machine’s real power setting (PG on the data
record) used to set the machine’s reactive power
limits
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Power Flow Representation
6
WIND FARMS
Power

Flow

Representation
 Wind machine control mode

 3: if this is a wind machine which operates at a
fixed power with the machine reactive power
output and reactive power upper and lower limits
output

and

reactive

power

upper

and

lower

limits

all equal and set based on the machine power and
the machine’s real power setting PG
 Wind machine PF
 Ignored if the wind control mode is 0
 Is used in setting the machine’s reactive power
limits when the wind control mode is 2 or 3

Negative value may be specified when the wind

Negative

value

may

be

specified

when

the

wind

control mode is 3 to represent leading PF
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Types of Wind Farms
7
WIND FARMS
Types

of

Wind

Farms
 Type 1: Direct connected conventional
induction generator
 Type 2: Wound rotor induction generator
with variable rotor resistance

 Type 3: Doubly-fed induction generator
 T
y
pe 4: Full size converter unit
y
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Type 1 (WT1) Representation
8
WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

Representation
 Type 1: Direct connected conventional
induction generator
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Type 1 (WT1) in Power Flow
9
WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

in

Power

Flow
 The wind control mode should be set as 3
(wind machine with fixed Q based on WPF)
 User should model properly an equivalent
of a wind farm and take into account the
number of wind machines that will be
lumped into an equivalent machine
lumped

into

an

equivalent

machine

(Equivalent MBASE = N number of
machines x MBASE of one machine)
machines

x

MBASE

of

one

machine)
 A vast majority of WT1 includes a set of
capacitors to keep the power factor in
capacitors

to

keep

the

power

factor

in

steady state within range
eBook for You
Type 2 (WT2) Representation
10
WIND FARMS
Type

2

(WT2)

Representation

 Type 2: Wound rotor induction generator
with variable rotor resistance
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Type 2 (WT2) in Power Flow
11
WIND FARMS
Type

2

(WT2)

in

Power

Flow
 The wind control mode should be set as 3
(wind machine with fixed Q based on WPF)
 User should model properly an equivalent
of a wind farm and take into account the
number of wind machines that will be
lumped into an equivalent machine
lumped

into

an

equivalent

machine

(Equivalent MBASE = N number of
machines x MBASE of one machine)
machines

x

MBASE

of

one

machine)
 A vast majority of WT1 includes a set of
capacitors to keep the power factor in
capacitors

to

keep

the

power

factor

in

steady state within range
eBook for You
Type 3 (WT3) Representation
12
WIND FARMS
Type

3

(WT3)

Representation
 Type 3: Doubly-fed induction generator
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Type 3 (WT3) in Power Flow
13
WIND FARMS
Type

3

(WT3)

in

Power

Flow

 The wind control mode should be set as 2
(wind machine with +/- Q limits based on
WPF)
 User should model properly an equivalent
of a wind farm and take into account the
number of wind machines that will be
number

of

wind

machines

that

will

be

lumped into an equivalent machine
(Equivalent MBASE
=
N number of
(Equivalent

MBASE

N

number

of

machines x MBASE of one machine)

No need to add capacitors

No

need

to

add

capacitors
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Type 4 (WT4) Representation
14
WIND FARMS
Type

4

(WT4)

Representation
 Type 4: Full size converter unit
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Type 4 (WT4) in Power Flow
15
WIND FARMS
Type

4

(WT4)

in

Power

Flow
 The wind control mode should be set as 2
(wind machine with +/- Q limits based on
WPF)
 User should model properly an equivalent
of a wind farm and take into account the
number of wind machines that will be
number

of

wind

machines

that

will

be

lumped into an equivalent machine
(Equivalent MBASE
=
N number of
(Equivalent

MBASE

N

number

of

machines x MBASE of one machine)

No need to add capacitors

No

need

to

add

capacitors
eBook for You
16
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND
DYNAMIC

MODELS

OF

WIND

FARMS
eBook for You
Type 1 (WT1) in Dynamics
17
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

in

Dynamics
 Three models
 WT1G: generator/converter model
 WT12T: wind turbine model
 WT12A: pseudo governor model

eBook for You
Type 1 (WT1) in Dynamics
18
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

in

Dynamics
 WT1G: Generator model
 Modeled as conventional induction generator
CIMTR3

Thi d l t k i t t th t fl

Thi
s mo
d
e
l

t
a
k
es
i

n
t
o accoun
t

th
e ro
t
or
fl
ux
dynamics and can be used for single cage or
double ca
g
e machines
g
 At initialization, this model calculates the reactive
power consumption of the machine Qact at given
voltage terminal and MW
dispatch and then places
voltage

terminal

and

MW
-
dispatch

and

then

places

a “hidden” shunt on the machine bus terminal with
the size equal to the difference between Qgen and
Qact
eBook for You
Type 1 (WT1) in Dynamics
19
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

in

Dynamics
 WT12T: Two-mass representation of the
wind turbine shaft driven train
Shaft
Turbine side
Generator side
eBook for You
Type 1 (WT1) in Dynamics
20

DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

1

(WT1)

in

Dynamics
 WT12A: Pseudo governor model
 Model that simplifies and generalizes calculation
of the aerodynamic torque
eBook for You
Type 2 (WT2) in Dynamics
21
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

2

(WT2)

in

Dynamics
 Four models

WT2G: generator/converter model


WT2G:

generator/converter

model
 WT2E: electrical control model
 WT12T: wind turbine model
 WT12A: pseudo governor model
eBook for You
Type 2 (WT2) in Dynamics
22
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

2

(WT2)

in

Dynamics

WT2G: similar to WT1G with controlled

WT2G:

similar

to

WT1G

with

controlled

external rotor resistor
 WT12T: same wind turbine model as the
one used for WT1

WT12A: same pseudo governor model as

WT12A:

same

pseudo

governor

model

as

the one used for WT1
eBook for You
Type 2 (WT2) in Dynamics
23
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

2

(WT2)

in

Dynamics
 WT2E: Electrical control model
 Value of the external rotor resistance is calculated
 This model uses the machine rotor speed and
electrical power as inputs and calculates the
electrical

power

as

inputs

and

calculates

the

portion of the available rotor external resistance to
be added to the internal rotor resistance
eBook for You
Type 3 (WT3) in Dynamics

24
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

3

(WT3)

in

Dynamics
 Four models

WT3G: generator/converter model

WT3G:

generator/converter

model
 WT3E: electrical control model
 WT3T: wind turbine model
 WT3P: pitch control model
eBook for You
Type 3 (WT3) in Dynamics
25
DYNAMIC MODELS OF WIND FARMS
Type

3

(WT3)

in

Dynamics
 WT3G: Generator model
 Two models: WT3G1 and WT3G2
 WT3G2 is recommended model for new dynamic
setups
 WT3G2 includes improvements in the original
model WT3G1
 The original model WT3G1 is retained for reasons
f b k d tibilit
o
f

b
ac
k
war
d
compa
tibilit
y
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