TÍNH TOÁN SONG SONG VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRONG AN TOÀN THÔNG TIN

1
ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI

Đề tài:
TÍNH TOÁN SONG SONG VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRONG
AN TOÀN THÔNG TIN
PGS.TS. Trịnh Nhật Tiến
Nguyễn Thùy Linh
Hà Nội, tháng 12 năm 2013
Contents
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I. Tổng quan về tính toán song song
1.Giới thiệu
 ! "##$!%#&'()*+, -/"0+12'3$*45
+!6#789:$*86;)<49<=' >4,?!$$'?'1:
$*8!$1@:A*3$*BC8D<EF"3*$>":$*
!"G
,<=' >6142 "0-H?7)I)*)494!+!
J KLI)*)M0,<>NO-8-P74HBC8DQ!
-* :@' R"4,)I)*) 4ST2'!"N?U
62Q!"74HVW4.494>-H.$40@
J KLI)*)X!3$*+!YN6T4,0,
?$?$+R2'3HBC8D@
K LI)*)E0,#>9))I)*)M6X@
Z)A)I)*)X4,<=' >*3$*84[$+!4N
:$*?$?$@\C8D?$?$8='*+]BC8D^-2'>+]49#:
$.4^6_!-!<=' >-H3$*@0'BC8D?$?$
49+RY74!3HBC8D@
*' R:$*0,3!$^--H-* :62'3H6BC8D
$5-H()*-* :#>7 ! 8-H?#>9)Q!!.+R@
Phân biệt xử lý song song với tuần tự:

K +$:$*';6-H3HBC8D].-`4,-W
49-H)a)$*@
3
]@b%!:$*';
K +$:$*?$?$]2'3HBC8D_#>9)6!'4,<
=' >_-H3$*$R<-49!BC8D6]-`4,-
0,4^2')a)$*@
]@b%!:$*?$?$
142BC8D?$?$8R='!+>)4>#>+c-* :");-2-
7d42'e"'($*6NY8()+]"6@6@
Hệ thống tính toán song song: 8-H()*3HBC8Dd8_-H
8$.e#>76!'f$-H#>+c$404,0,9)*6!'+$$.
4H6+!$4gY8'@
4
c!h(1 8độ phức tạp của xử lý song song sẽ lớn hơn BC8D';
+12'"6()+'Q >'i)I+!$4gY8'64^3H*>
+]@
! :$*?$?$0XN:
U18?CA*?R'-* :6+12'3HBC8D49:9)3R
+$49>#>4^3H<62);U6);-2-@*N49*)
A+$*?R'-* :8*NR>8-$*Q!
7?R'-* :P+1!$@]>*?R'-* :49?CA
+$*8j6-6142:$*)U.)". <-6 R';'!
-N)TQ!*4HI-* 3! "='7)S"6V+A@@@
*U!8#>7*-* :8.6!'6_3$*@
7*-* :#>7 :87:$*?$?$)kA-@
7 0'4,-8*+lI+12'?$6?R'-* :0_?U
d$?CA*>3mNe6:8$.Q!7d?7c"?7
3HBC8D"3H">3m @@@42'-!:'n3>!$e@o)*+, -/
Q! -* :"*N ! 4[81)4.>62+' 2N

+$7-* :?$?$)kA-8-$049)*+,+H+[@*
8j6?CA7:$*?$?$)kA- R';':$*
#N='*8"#N R';'!BC8D<"(.6k! ":
$*#>1'N+]"-N)T*:-@@@
5
2. Mục đích của tính toán song song
Việc thực hiện tính toán song song nhằm
<=' >4961428")U.)*61428`0#N,<
=' >W+R-H-* :4I453#3H-* :3m.>3*$
>"?0;pb* ]-#>-BC8D+'+'!$mq?
'1):4^' RQ!-* :4IW49-H
8.-H4,-S' RQ!-* :4!3HBC8D0,2'
84^6+' ()8"'1) $AG
oCA' R)A3HoCA' R:$*+R-H+! 
+H$5(-:8f+f#' R.I:$*8#!>-"
#N4Q@
E. Mô hình máy song song
bH7-* :?$?$8-H-* :62'I-H3HBC8D
$)a)BC8D?$?$@mj! 0,3!$='*491<*?R'-*
:6+P-3HBC8D"* -* :+ "! *7cG
+$YP-;4k *-* :06BC8D*)AN-
-'8$+f$)a)2'k+$-H3HBC8DV49$87-* :
?$?$@
F!6$?)k3i#>7Y!*3HBC8Dd! );BC8De"Y!
3HBC8D63H-0+12'8$.#>+c-* :?$?$#*!'@
F!+R#>+c3HQ!*-* :?$"r8 )k#>+c-*
:?$?$X8$.
J KobFdo8f?+'$b'8)8fF!!e4I84!Y8'
obF8-H#,'-* :?$?$01<*3HBC8DW-H
8' 1@' R8 49+R*3HY8'#*!'U

6
6s3HBC8D#*!'@
IWm1<*3H6BC8D)M@@)__-HWm.-H
'#n!.'#nM3HBC8D8t"'#nX_
8u@
!8'^Y8'b`3HBC8D0,$.4H+R);CY8'#*6
Y8'Q!3HBC8D#*@
bN] 0'4,-84I<+$);UV);-2-
W)_9)4,<=' >*6142I4745_0:k47!$
+$BC8DBC8D<G*<'($*4!-* :. #N
'='<+R*-* obF@
J KbbFdb'8)8f?+'$b'8)8fF!!e4!84!Y8'
7
b* :8$.bbFS%84!3HBC8D"+$40-`3HBC8D0,
Y8'^8dI+]e#*!'+R*8'^Y8'+R@;'>
*7bbF42'!03H+R6V0,+' ()6$493H
'd8$3!8e#;"$6( <-,'49!+!$4gY8'Y!*3H
BC8D+$7@k 8#>+c)U.)1"08-N]`+9BC8D
?$?$!$164[02'-* :49?<B'1f$#>+c "6:A
uuu'f+v8 "t88!r\"oLQ!f8"6@6
*-* :?$?$03H!?ld?!+f-f-$+ e02'3HBC8D
_49+' ()4>-H6_g,_'@1<*?! 4g
H'3H$-H3HBC8D.$+!?/49(3>3i*3HBC8D#*@
Mô hình máy song song
4. Lập trình song song
w()+]8?$?$$**I+]';O-<=' >-H61
428$58-<-!$5<!@
x>#><'(?$?$;)k!Y8'$**6A"
W+!*+' ()6!?lY8'")k**6A$*>+]"64^3H
*>+]4,(49#>='<'7_@F$40"+#8()+]?$;

8
)<3>493$*0,49?$?$$*! #Nd0,!+RY8'
! UPQ!3$*e@
4.1. Mô hình lập trình song song
! 0+12'-N]8()+]?$?$!?l3H"w'^">
+]d+f!?e"+' 2N4)dbf??!fL!??e" o$ ?$Y 8'dF!!
L!+!88f8e"w!d 3+e@
Chia sẻ bộ nhớ (Shared Memory)
+$-N]8()+]!?l3H"**6A!?l6!'-H#N
!4m!W'"**6A4%"4^3H@
02'I>#0!"'49?CA4,42'#,+' ()3H
!?l
w9>494f-4>f$#:!.8()+]]#*-yoiY'zY8'8
4!>'"$40#N1>)<4m+{6+' 2Y8'Y!**6A
 @w()+]?/4I<I@
8.#0#P+$6142'P
8'Y8'A3H$3HBC8D86+R40"3HBC8D >-Y3H
+' ()R)<8-I8RA#02'3HBC8D_'Y8'
w()+]A3H#0#P62'#O-$;-#,-?$*Q!8()
+]
Luồng, tiến trình (Thread)
.$8()6Q 3T>+]
|R';'4;'RQ!BC8D?$?$8#<P.$+!-H?7>+];
>$3$*6#<PQ 3T>+]"#);6BC8D?$?$#>
c4,<)0*' R$Y>+]#*?CA
9
<?C04$.-[_4,.$*>+]6)kNN6$c
id = create_process(N);
Switch (id) {
Case 0 : … do NhiemVu

0
…; Break;
Case 1 : … do NhiemVu
1
…; Break;
Case 2 : … do NhiemVu
2
…; Break;
GGG@@
Case N : … do NhiemVu
N
…; Break;
}
142+' ()6$3H!?l)<0?#>9)5/Q!*>
+]@>'0-H>+]+' ()6$-H6_6UP()(0
)<4<-3<$#N0>+]$#*+' ()6$6_406?C!4g$
4>#0#>c@oCAI>8$#de6'8$#de@
+$-N]8()+]?$?$!6$8'^"-H>+]4I0,0
2'*4^@
N6Q!-H+f!0,49-N<-HI+]$+$
I+]:@bH+f!0,I+]$4^6*
+f!#*
Truyền thông báo (Message Passing)
54,-Q!*-N]+' 2N3*$
K bH()**6A?CA3H+RQ!c+$!:$*@
2'N60,O-+R_-H-* 6(8DV='!-H?7
-* $40
K **6A+!$4gY8'N='!6+' 2N4)
10
K ' ,!$Y8'4ST?9)*3i>+]@:A

$.4HC?/#>9)6$.4H(
Song song dữ liệu (Data Parallel)
5:Q!-N]Y8'?$?$
K N6?$?$()+'6$*!$*+R-H()Y8'@
()Y8'49gU1'+c'3<"-<$5#7
K ()**6A_8-+R1'+cY8'7!'' R-`*6A
$.4H+R)k6_#*!'Q!-H1'+cY8'
K !$*7!'+R_-H)k6_N6$40
K +R*#>+c3H!?l"**6A0=' 2+' ()6$1'+cY
8'N='!3H$A@+R*#>+c3H)k)71'+c
Y8'49)k+!6^.+$-Hy#7z
Hỗn hợp (Hy brid)
K +$-N] 0!! 2'-N]8()+]?$?$#>9)8.
142='!+%+$:$*?$?$8)<(A49#<P:
$*Q!*3HBC8D@0X*>)(4,(A*3HBC8D@
4.2. Thiết kế các chương trình song song
Ko$?$$*;-4md-)8)!+!88f8?-e3H3Rm! -H6
I+]#*4H)k!*N64>*3HBC8D@
J Ko$?$$*3O! dfB)8)!+!88f8?-e8()+])<)k
!I+]Q!!!4>00,?$?$@
$+!+$8()+]?$?$"8()+]6R;)<:4> >'7
k3O<d8$!3!8!e+$7@L<8-$*3HBC8D?7
N6!'">'0-H3HBC8D0<='*8];)<' ,N
11
64>3HBC8D0<TI@+' 2NY!*3HBC8D8-HN
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