ngân hàng đề thi lý thuyết tiếng anh công chức 2015

Lời nói đầu
Ngân hàng đề thi Lý thuyết tiếng đợc biên soạn năm 2003 đến nay đã đợc 5 năm.
Trong thời gian 5 năm đó, chơng trình đào tạo cử nhân ngoại ngữ của Học viện
Khoa học Quân sự đã có nhiều thay đổi. Bộ môn Lý thuyết tiếng cũng có nhiều thay
đổi về kết cấu chơng trình, thời lợng chơng trình nhằm đáp ứng mục tiêu yêu cầu
đào tạo của Học viện. Để giúp cho việc ra đề thi môn Lý thuyết tiếng sát với nội
dung, kết cấu chơng trình đào tạo mới của Học viện, tổ Lý thuyết tiếng chúng tôi đã
biên soạn Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng. Ngân hàng câu hỏi và
bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng này là sự kế thừa Ngân hàng đề thi Lý thuyết tiếng đợc
biên soạn năm 2003, có chỉnh lý và bổ sung thêm toàn bộ phần câu hỏi lý thuyết và
90% phần bài tập. Các câu hỏi lý thuyết đều dựa trên những kiến thức cơ bản về
Ngữ âm, Từ vựng, Ngữ nghĩa học và Ngữ pháp đợc biên soạn trong Giáo trình Lý
thuyết tiếng và Giáo trình Ngữ nghĩa học đang sử dụng tại Học viện. Các bài tập
trong Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng này đều đợc lựa chọn từ các
sách của các tác giả trong và ngoài nớc đáng tin cậy.
Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng đợc trình bày theo một kết cấu
thống nhất gồm 3 phần chính: Ngữ âm, Từ vựng và Ngữ nghĩa học, và Ngữ pháp.
Trong mỗi phần đều bao gồm câu hỏi lý thuyết và bài tập thực hành. Phần đáp án
cũng đợc trình bày theo đúng thứ tự của 3 phần chính của Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài
tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng.
Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng đợc thiết kế, biên soạn dành
riêng cho giáo viên của bộ môn Lý thuyết tiếng với mục đích giúp giáo viên dạy bộ
môn này có thể chủ động và dễ dàng thiết kế các đề thi, đề kiểm tra của các môn
Ngữ âm, Từ vựng và Ngữ nghĩa học, Ngữ pháp.
Trong quá trình biên soạn Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng
này, do trình độ và thời gian có hạn nên chúng tôi không thể tránh khỏi sai sót.
Chúng tôi mong nhận đợc sự đóng góp của đồng nghiệp để Ngân hàng câu hỏi và
bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng này đợc hoàn thiện hơn. Trong quá trình giảng dạy,
chúng tôi sẽ tiếp tục bổ sung để hoàn thiện tài liệu này.
Cuối cùng, chúng tôi xin trân trọng cảm ơn các Phòng, Khoa, Ban trong Học
viện Khoa học Quân sự đã giúp đỡ, tạo mọi điều kiện cho chúng tôi hoàn thành

Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn Lý thuyết tiếng này. Chúng tôi xin trân trọng cảm
ơn các đồng nghiệp trong Khoa Tiếng Anh - Học viện Khoa học Quân sự đã đóng
góp những ý kiến quý báu cho việc hoàn thành Ngân hàng câu hỏi và bài tập môn
Lý thuyết tiếng này.
Nhóm tác giả
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Lêi nãi ®Çu …………………………………………………………
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………
4
Part 1: PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY…………………………
5
1.1. Theory …………………………………………………………….
5
1.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
16
Part 2: Lexicology and Semantics …………………………
33
2.1. Theory …………………………………………………………….
33
2.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
37
Part 3: Grammar …………………………………………………….
63
3.1. Theory …………………………………………………………….
63
3.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
72

answer keys
107
Part 1: PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY…………………………
107
1.1. Theory …………………………………………………………
107
1.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
108
Part 2: Lexicology and Semantics …………………………
129
2.1. Theory …………………………………………………………….
129
2.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
129
Part 3: Grammar …………………………………………………….
143
3.1. Theory …………………………………………………………….
143
3.2. Exercises ………………………………………………………….
144
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………
171
4
Part 1
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
1.1. Theory
1.1.1. Decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
Write your answers in the space provided.
1. _____ In English, the onset and termination of a syllable can be any of the
24 consonants.

2. _____ The shape of a tune depends only on the attitude that the speaker
wishes to express.
3. _____ The word “walk” consists of four phonemes, whereas the word
“climb” consists of three phonemes.
4. _____ Elision is the disappearance of sounds under certain circumstances.
5. _____ Fricatives are consonants with the characteristics that when they are
produced, air escapes through a small passage and makes audible friction.
6. _____ When we produce a front vowel sound, we can either raise or lower
the front of the tongue.
7. _____ When the first element of a compound is a noun, the stress goes on
the second element.
8. _____ There are totally 44 phonemes in English, 20 of which are vowels
and 24 of which are consonants.
9. _____ Yes-no questions are always spoken with the glide-up tune.
10. _____ If the final consonant of the first word changes to become like the
initial consonant of the second word in some way, the assimilation is called
regressive.
11. _____ Stops are speech sounds during the production of which the air
stream is completely blocked before it is suddenly released.
12. _____ In English, [m] is similar to [n] in terms of the manner of
articulation.
13. _____ The most important thing to remember about the diphthongs is that
the second part is longer and stronger than the first part.
14. _____ A minimal syllable can be a single vowel in isolation.
15. _____ Phonemic transcription is written between two square brackets
whereas phonetic transcription is written between two slanting lines
16. _____ Any vowel in English can appear at the end of a syllable.
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17. _____ If the initial consonant of the second word changes to become like
the final consonant of the first word in some way, the assimilation is called

regressive.
18. _____ The dive is the intonation pattern that consists of a fall in the voice
from rather high note to low one and then rises to above the middle of the voice.
19. _____ Fricatives may be voiced or voiceless, whereas approximants are
all voiced.
20. _____ Allophones are variant forms of phonemes in different distributions
within words.
21. _____ Functional words are never stressed.
22. _____ The plosives in English have three different places of articulation.
23. _____ Vowels become shorter when they are followed by voiceless
consonants.
24. _____ If the second syllable of a two-syllable verb contains a long vowel
or a diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, that second
syllable is stressed.
25. _____ Phonemic transcription gives more details about how a sound is
made, such as nasalization, dentalization, velarization, etc.
26. _____ All syllables in English are described as consisting of a centre, an
onset and a termination.
27. _____ Assimilation is the change of one sound into another due to the
influence of neighboring sounds.
28. _____ The glide down is the intonation pattern that consists of a fall in the
voice from rather high note to low one and then rises to above the middle of
the voice.
29. _____ Voiced sounds are the sounds which are produced when the vocal
cords vibrate.
30. _____ In English, /r/ is never used as a linking sound.
31. _____ A syllable-final fortis consonant is likely to shorten the preceding
vowel.
32. _____ Clear /l/ and dark /l/ are realizations of two different phonemes.
33. _____ “Phonetics” and “phonology” are two different terms denoting one

and the same branch of linguistics.
34. _____ The two words ‘combine’ and ‘combination’ are similar in terms of
stress patterns.
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35. _____ Allophones are phonemically unconditioned variations of a
phoneme.
36. _____ The most important difference between vowels and consonants is
that consonants are produced when the vocal cords are vibrating whereas
vowels are produced without the vibration of the vocal cords.
37. _____ In a way, a phoneme can be seen as an abstract entity whereas
allophones are its actual manifestations.
38. _____ Voice can be used to distinguish between fortis and lenis
consonants.
39. _____ One phoneme can be realized by only one allophone.
40. _____ When the lateral sound is preceded by a voiceless sound, it
becomes devoiced.
41. _____ Phonemic transcription does not show the articulation of sounds in
relation to neighbouring sounds.
42. _____ Assimilation in English can affect the voicing of a sound making
the voiced voiceless.
43. _____ In connected speech, when three or more consonants occur in a
cluster, for example in ‘last Sunday” the plosive /t/ is normally omitted, this
phenomenon is called “elision”.
44. _____ Compared to phonetic transcription, phonemic transcription gives
more information about sounds and is not presented in dictionaries and
textbooks.
45. _____ Because in their articulation there is a complete closure of the two
articulators at some point in the oral cavity, /ʧ/ and /d/ are called stops.
46. _____ Fortis consonants are those produced with more force as compared
to the force needed for the articulation of lenis ones.

47. _____ Word stress is the term used to describe the emphasis given to a
phrase or a sentence.
48. _____ In English, stress usually falls on the first element of a compound
noun.
49. _____ The stressed words in an English sentence usually carry important
information.
50. _____ All languages have the same number of vowels and consonants
since they are used as a means of communication.
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1.1.2. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word that best completes
each sentence
1. Narrow transcription uses phonetic (1) _______ to show in detail how a
particular sound is (2) ______and is written between two (3) ______ brackets.
2. When a verb carries a third person singular ‘-s’ suffix, or a noun carries an
‘-s’ plural suffix or an ‘-s’ possessive suffix, that suffix will be pronounced as
[s] if the preceding consonant is (4) _________ and as [z] if the preceding
consonant is (5) __________.
3. The most often proposed functions of intonation are the following:
attitudinal, (6) ___________, accentual and (7) ___________.
4. Fricatives in English can be produced at (8) __________ different places of
articulation, whereas stops in English are made at three different places of
articulation.
5. The theory that English has stress-timed rhythm implies that (9)
___________ syllables will tend to occur at relatively regular intervals
whether they are separated by (10) __________ syllables or not.
6. The lateral [l] is (11) ___________ when at the end of a word and after
another consonant.
7. There are at least four important factors that make a stressed syllable
prominent: (12) ___________, length, (13) ___________ and quality.
8. English has stress-timed (14) ___________, which implies that stressed

syllables will tend to occur at relatively regular intervals whether they are
separated by (15) ___________ syllables or not.
9. (16) ___________ is the change of one sound into another due to the
influence of neighboring sounds.
10. (17) __________ is used to convey the feelings and attitudes of the
speaker. Additionally, it helps listeners recognize the grammatical structures
of what is being said.
11. Basically the symbols are for one of two purposes: either they are symbols
for phonemes (phonemic symbols) or they are (18) __________ symbols.
12. If the final consonant of the first word changes to become like the initial
consonant of the second word in some way, the assimilation is called (19)
__________; if the initial consonant of the second word changes to become
like the final consonant of the first word in some way, the assimilation is
called (20) ____________.
8
13. If the first part of the compound is adjectival, the stress goes on the (21)
__________ element. If, however, the first element is a noun, the stress goes
on the (22) __________ element.
14. The most important thing to remember about the diphthongs is that the
first part is (23) __________ and stronger than the second part.
15. [f, v] are (24) __________ sounds, that is, the lower lip is in contact with
the upper teeth.
16. Elision is the (25) _________ of sounds under certain circumstances.
17. There are four basic tunes in English, i.e. the (26) ___________, the
glide-up, the take-off and the (27) __________.
18. The feature that distinguishes between /f/ and /v/ is (28) __________.
19. Speech sounds are made with the (29) ________ moving (30) ________
from the lungs through the (31) _________ and the (32) __________.
20. A basic distinction, in terms of how sounds are (33) __________, is made
between consonants and vowels. Consonants involve a (34) ___________in

the mouth which, in turn, causes some (35) __________ of the air stream.
With vowels, the air passes rather (36) ___________ through the mouth
because there is very little obstruction.
21. In order to produce nasal sounds, the soft palate must be (37) __________
so that the air flow escapes through the (38) __________cavity.
22. In fricatives, the tongue usually comes very (39) _________to the upper
speech organ to leave a very narrow (40) ___________in between them so
that the air will escape with some (41) ___________.
23. The three consonants /f/, /v/, /h/ have the same (42) __________of
articulation but different (43) __________ of articulation.
24. Vowels are classified in terms of the (44) _________to which the tongue
is (45) ________, the part of the tongue that takes part in the (46)
__________ of the sound, the variation in the (47) _________ of lip rounding
and the (48) _________ of the sounds.
25. The features that help distinguish between /b/ and /t/ are the (49)
_________ of articulation and the (50) __________.
1.1.3. Circle the answer that best completes each of the following
1. /m/ is a _________ sound.
A. dental B. bilabial C. alveolar D. velar
2. /l/ is a _________sound.
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A. alveolar B. velar C. palato-alveolar D. none of the above
3. /a:/ is _________
A. high back long vowel B. low back long vowel
C. front low vowel D. front central vowel
4. Sounds that are made involving the tip of the tongue and upper front teeth
are called __________.
A. bilabial B. palato-alveolar C. dental D. alveolar
5. The sound that is made involving the front of the tongue moving towards
the hard palate is called ___________.

A. velar B. palatal C. approximant D. dental
6. When the central part of the tongue is raised to a fairly high point in the
mouth, the sound produced is _________.
A. /u:/ B. /æ/ C. /e/ D. /ə/
7. In the articulation of /l/, the tip of the tongue is in contact with _________.
A. the upper front teeth B. the back of the hard palate
C. the centre of the palate D. none of these
8. In the articulation of /e/, the tongue is raised towards _________.
A. the highest point in the oral cavity
B. midway between the highest point and the lowest point in the oral cavity
C. the lowest point in the oral cavity
D. none of the above
9. The initial sound of the word “knight” is _________.
A. labio-dental B. palato-alveolar C. alveolar D. velar
10. The sound /l/ in the word “clear” is __________.
A. velarized B. always voiced
C. devoiced D. referred to as dark /l/
11. In connected speech, assimilation can be found in the case like:
A. provide the youth with B. provide young people with
C. provide them with D. provide these people with
12. Plosive consonants in English are _________
A. /p/, /t/, /s/, /g/ B. /f/, /s/, /z/, /v/, /h/
C. /p/, /t/, /k/, /g/, /t/, /d/ D. /d/, /w/, /r/, /g/
13. The final sound of the word “climb” is _________.
A. bilabial stop B. bilabial nasal C. velar nasal D. voiced stop
14. The aspiration of voiceless plosive is strongest when it is _________.
A. at syllable-initial position
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B. between vowels
C. followed by another stop consonant

D. at syllable-final position
15. There are __________ vowels in English.
A. 20 B. 26 C. 19 D. 23
16. There can be ___________ tonic syllable(s) in a tone unit in English.
A. one and only one B. three C. more than three D. four
17. The maximum number of consonants at the end of a syllable in English is
_________.
A. two B. three C. more than four D. four
18. The characteristic intonation for the initial vocative in English is ________.
A. the Glide-Down B. the Glide-Up
C. the Dive D. the Take-Off
19. Phonology studies ____________.
A. acoustic features of speech sounds
B. the articulation of speech sounds
C. perception of speech sounds
D. none of the above
20. /w/, /r/, /j/ are ___________ when they are preceded by /p/, /t/, /k/ at the
beginning of a syllable.
A. aspirated B. dentalized
C. devoiced D. unaspirated
21. Vowels become ___________when they are followed by nasals.
A. velarized B. dentalized C. devoiced D. nasalized
22. A vowel becomes longer when it is ___________.
A. at the beginning of a syllable B. in an open syllable
C. before a voiceless consonant D. between two consonants
23. /s/ is different from /ʃ/ in the sense that the former is a _________
whereas the latter is a _________ sound.
A. voiced … voiceless B. fricative … affricative
C. palatal … palato-alveolar D. alveolar palato-alveolar
24. The word “wreath” contains a __________.

A. short vowel B. a diphthong C. a triphthong D. a long vowel
25. There are ________ diphthongs and _______ triphthongs in English.
A. five … eight B. eight … five C. twelve… five D. eight … eight
26. The word “plant” contains ___________.
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A. one syllable B. two syllables C. six phonemes D. two phonemes
27. The sentence “The judge can’t change his job; you’re joking” contains
________.
A. one word which has two fricatives B. no nasals
C. six affricates (including the repeated ones) D. seven vowels
28. A(n) _________ unit is a unit of speech with a stressed syllable as its
centre and any unstressed syllables before or after it.
A. intonation B. tone C. rhythm D. segmental
29. Functional words are stressed when _________.
A. they are cited or quoted
B. they are being contrasted with another word.
C. they are used for the purpose of emphasis
D. all of the above
30. Which of the following is a minimal pair?
A. eater - better B. round - bound
C. box - rock D. next - neck
31. In casual speech, the final sound of the first word in “bright colour”
changes to become the initial sound of the second word. This phenomenon is
called _________.
A. elision B. assimilation C. linking C. none of the
above
32. When the speaker says “Thank you” with ________, he /she wants to
show sincere gratitude.
A. the Glide-Down B. the Glide-Up
C. the Dive D. the Take-Off

33. The word “walk” consists of _________.
A. four phonemes B. one phoneme
C. three phonemes D. two phonemes
34. Diphthongs ending in /ə/ are called __________.
A. centering diphthongs B. closing diphthongs
C. front diphthongs D. mid diphthongs
35. The maximum number of consonants at the beginning of a syllable in
English is _________.
A. two B. four C. three D. five
36. The vocal cords are wide apart during the articulation of _________
consonants.
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A. nasal B. approximant C. voiced D. voiceless
37. The approximants in English are ___________.
A. /w, l, r/ B. /w, m, p, b/ C. /w, r, j, l/ D. /w, j. r/
38. The initial phoneme of the word “champagne” is a _________.
A. affricate B. fricative C. velar D. plosive
39. Sounds that are made involving upper teeth and the lower lip are called
_________.
A. bilabial B. dental C. alveolar D. labio-dental
40. Sounds that are made involving the back of the tongue and the soft palate
are called ________.
A. velar B. retroflex C. nasal D. palatal
41. The sentences “Their house was on fire for nine hours. Everything was
destroyed including the mower. Poor men!” have _________.
A. five diphthongs and three triphthongs
B. four diphthongs and four triphthongs
C. six diphthongs and two triphthongs
D. no cases of linking when spoken at a rapid speed.
42. /g/ is a ____________.

A. voiceless stop B. voiced velar
C. voiceless velar D. voiced palatal
43. In English, there are totally _________ consonantal phonemes.
A. 22 B. 23 C. 24 D. 25
44. In the sentence “He’s come back from France”, normally_______
syllables are stressed.
A. five B. four C. six D. three
45. The thing that such words as blood, some, won, one, young have in
common is that they all consist of __________.
A. the vowel /ʌ/ B. a nasal sound
C. nasalized vowel D. four phonemes
46. The word “heir” has ___________.
A. a zero onset B. a zero termination
C. a diphthong D. all the above answers are correct
47. The four words needs, classes, levels and planes end with a
A. voiced affricate B. voiced fricative
C. voiceless fricative D. voiced affricate
13
48. __________ is the odd-one-out in the following because it shares no
common properties with the other sounds.
A. /æ/ B. /з:/ C. /e/ D. /i:/
49. The phonemic transcription of the word “fantastic” is
A. /fæntestik/ B. /fa:ntæstik/
C. /fa:ntæstik/ D. /fæntæstik/
50. In the word “advertisement”, the primary stress is on ________.
A. the first syllable B. the second syllable
C. the third syllable D. the fourth syllable
1.1.4. Choose the word (by circling A, B, C, or D) that
1. contains a mid-high front vowel
A. slept B. slang C. sleep D. slip

2. contains an unaspirated stop
A. public B. style C. tiptoe D. country
3. contains a voiced consonant in the middle
A. cocktail B. label C. teapot D. keeper
4. ends with a fortis affricate
A. judge B. college C. beach D. message
5. contains a devoiced approximant
A. cry B. bridge C. dry D. fly
6. begins with a central vowel
A. university B. occur C. artist D. online
7. does not contain a fricative
A. train B. measure C. mention D. police
8. contains a centering diphthong
A. appear B. blind C. play D. house
9. ends with a voiced velar
A. diphthong B. luggage C. change D. womanlike
10. begins with a bilabial sound
A. manufacture B. who C. psychology D. physics
11. contains a long front vowel
A. slept B. slang C. sleep D. slip
12. contains a velarized lateral
A. public B. style C. long D. play
13. ends with a voiced consonant
A. looks B. bites C. laughs D. learns
14
14. ends with a velar stop
A. diphthong B. luggage C. change D. handbag
15. does not contain a glottal stop
A. stay B. kite C. pipe D. like
16. does not contain a diphthong

A. comb B. vary C. coach D. quay
17. contains an affricate
A. chaos B. suggestion C. mention D. treasure
18. contains a devoiced approximant
A. queen B. carrot C. letter D. young
19. ends with a bilabial nasal
A. skin B. climb C. stamp D. song
20. begins with a central vowel
A. about B. import C. all D. arm
21. contains a voiced fricative consonant in the middle
A. passport B. busses C. horses D. houses
22. does not contain an aspirated stop
A. people B. skill C. cook D. teacher
23. contains a closing diphthong
A. appear B. compare C. pear D. boyfriend
24. contains a back long vowel
A. room B. looking C. good D. foot
25. does not contain a nasalized vowel
A. man B. sing C. jam D. nose
26. does not begin with a voiced consonant
A. baby B. judgment C. daughter D. history
27. contains a rounded vowel
A. earn B. happy C. truth D. stable
28. does not contain a central vowel
A. tough B. among C. girl D. meat
29. contains a dentalized consonant
A. moth B. bathe C. month D. myth
30. begins with a voiceless consonant
A. drill B. beginning C. spring D. giggle
31. ends with a voiceless fricative

A. cooks B. houses C. cables D. chairs
15
32. does not contain a devoiced approximant
A. queen B. train C. cute D. grape
33. a. does not contain a centring diphthong
A. appear B. pear C. tourist D. blind
34. contains an affricate
A. chaos B. cheese C. international D. treatment
35. contains a glottal stop
A. stunt B. cook C. lunch D. truant
36. has a velarized lateral
A. walk B. talk C. wall D. lovely
37. begins with a central vowel
A. occur B. army C. uniform D. increase
38. contains a voiceless fricative consonant
A. cause B. promise C. rise D. bananas
39. does not contain an aspirated stop
A. public B. kitchen C. turkey D. stick
40. ends with a voiced velar
A. bank B. sing C. look D. suck
41. contains a front long vowel
A. hill B. melt C. mammal D. healer
42. begins with an alveolar consonant
A. donkey B. referee C. sugar D. joke
43. begins with an aspirated plosive
A. camera B. baby C. gargle D. domain
44. does not contain voiced dental fricative
A. within B. breath C. bathe D. breathe
45. contains a back high monothong
A. resident B. direction C. starve D. tooth-paste

46. doesn’t contain an affricate
A. scholar B. change C. literature D. suggestion
47. does not begin with a bilabial sound
A. manufacture B. pseudo-name C. won D. paper
48. does not contain a diphthong
A. case B. said C. choice D. vary
49. does not contain a syllabic consonant
A. castle B. nation C. television D. tablet
16
50. contains a voiceless plosive in the middle
A. handbag B. label C. carpet D. baby
1.2. Exercises
1.2.1. State the differences between the underlined sounds in the pairs of words
below:
1. stream - treat
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. man - month
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. live - simple
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. chapter - paper
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. train - rain
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. shop - tap
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. sing - sit
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. bill - plate
…………………………………………………………………………………

9. quick - skill
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. property - robbery
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. till - wealth
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. sea - seat
…………………………………………………………………………………
13. top - stop
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. twin - win
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. tip - speak
…………………………………………………………………………………
17
16. citation - cite
…………………………………………………………………………………
17. money - many
…………………………………………………………………………………
18. tall - thought
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. bank - bag
…………………………………………………………………………………
20. pray - gray
…………………………………………………………………………………
21. teach - get
…………………………………………………………………………………
22. song - soft
…………………………………………………………………………………
23. kill - play

…………………………………………………………………………………
24. apt - people
…………………………………………………………………………………
25. park - sparkle
…………………………………………………………………………………
1.2.2. Describe all the vowels and consonants in the following words
1. university
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. modernization
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. development
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. nuisance
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. English
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. television
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. pleasure
18
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. cookery
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. advantage
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. phonology
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. practical
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. national

…………………………………………………………………………………
13. interchange
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. consonant
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. luggage
…………………………………………………………………………………
16. example
…………………………………………………………………………………
17. expensive
…………………………………………………………………………………
18. history
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. husband
…………………………………………………………………………………
20. important
…………………………………………………………………………………
21. malfunction
…………………………………………………………………………………
22. question
…………………………………………………………………………………
23. introduce
…………………………………………………………………………………
24. settlement
…………………………………………………………………………………
25. tremendous
19
…………………………………………………………………………………
1.2.3. Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic
descriptions and then give an English word that contains the sound. Transcribe

the word and underline the sound.
1. voiced bilabial plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. voiceless labio-dental fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. high back long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. voiced bilabial approximant
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. mid-high central short vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. voiceless velar plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. voiceless alveolar fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. high front short vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. voiced palato-alveolar fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. high back short rounded vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. voiced velar plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. mid-high central long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
13. voiceless alveolar stop
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. low front short vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

…………………………………………………………………………………
16. voiced palatal approximant
…………………………………………………………………………………
20
17. voiceless glottal fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
18. high front long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. voiced bilabial nasal
…………………………………………………………………………………
20. voiceless bilabial plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
21. low back long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
22. voiced palato-alveolar affricate
…………………………………………………………………………………
23. voiceless dental fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
24. voiced palato-alveolar approximant
…………………………………………………………………………………
25. voiced alveolar stop
…………………………………………………………………………………
26. voiced dental fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. voiced alveolar nasal
…………………………………………………………………………………
28. voiced alveolar fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
29. voiced alveolar lateral
…………………………………………………………………………………

30. voiced labio-dental fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
31. voiced velar nasal
…………………………………………………………………………………
32. voiceless palato-alveolar fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
33. low central vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
34. low back short vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
21
35. mid-high back long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
36. central neutral short mid-high vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
37. mid-high front unrounded vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
38. central neutral long vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
39. long rounded high vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
40. low spread vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
41. fortis bilabial plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
42. lenis palato-alveolar fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
43. lenis velar plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
44. fortis alveolar fricative

…………………………………………………………………………………
45. lenis bilabial nasal
…………………………………………………………………………………
46. lenis palatal approximant
…………………………………………………………………………………
47. fortis palato-alveolar affricate
…………………………………………………………………………………
48. low back long unrounded vowel
…………………………………………………………………………………
49. fortis dental fricative
…………………………………………………………………………………
50. fortis velar plosive
…………………………………………………………………………………
1.2.4. Circle the word whose primary stress placement is different from that of the
others in each group
1. A. resources B. increase C. farmland D. disaster
22
2. A. immediate B. success C. eagerness D. phonetic
3. A. conference B. horrible C. experience D. language
4. A. hostility B. microchip C. equality D.
destruction
5. A. occasion B. discomfort C. support D. friendship
6. A. identify B. continue C. popular D. consumer
7. A. potential B. possess C. survival D. current
8. A. convenient B. previous C. management D. purchase
9. A. recycle B. completely C. introduce D. alternative
10. A. obstacle B. government C. courage D. dismiss
11. A. describe B. struggle C. political D. society
12. A. influential B. creative C. introduction D. university
13. A. career B. majority C. continue D. education

14. A. necessary B. discover C. poetic D. political
15. A. material B. indestructible C. determined D. important
16. A. century B. frontier C. community D. ocean
17. A. identity B. result C. heritage D. unique
18. A. minority B. mechanize C. manage D. impetus
19. A. ethnic B. tradition C. belief D. expect
20. A. scramble B. costume C. magnificent D. marriage
21. A. documentary B. understand C. disappear D. experience
22. A. machine B. modern C. melody D. bother
23. A. musician B. alive C. electronic D. creation
24. A. female B. divide C. champion D. regulate
25. A. production B. marvelous C. entirely D. responsible
26. A. information B. absorption C. involve D. devote
27. A. energy B. continue C. luggage D. benefit
28. A. disaster B. primary C. wisdom D. pleasure
29. A. inappropriate B. technology C. provision D. advanced
30. A. justify B. medicine C. enquiry D. argument
31. A. business B. passion C. favorite D. banana
32. A. magazine B. comprehend C. condition D. volunteer
33. A. vegetable B. character C. involvement D. excellent
34. A. guilty B. parade C. primary D. history
35. A. international B. expression C. explanation D. admiration
36. A. appoint B. poisonous C. damage D. positive
23
37. A. precious B. extreme C. security D. apologize
38. A. exclusive B. detective C. suppose D. prejudice
39 A. desperate B. influence C. suggestion D. definite
40. A. production B. intention C. desirable D. vegetarian
41. A. practical B. secretary C. manager D. immediate
42. A. investigate B. punishment C. publicity D. possession

43. A. alternative B. information C. profession D. discussion
44. A. recognition B. manufacture C. conservation D. efficient
45. A. element B. discovery C. enormous D. pronounce
46. A. pioneer B. destination C. artificial D. essential
47. A. diplomatic B. disappear C. memorial D. presidential
48. A. percent B. courtesy C. doctor D. weather
49. A. perfect B. hopeful C. burglary D. detective
50. A. dramatic B. inconsistent C. amazing D. resemble
1.2.5. Divide the following words into groups according to their stress patterns
mountaineer, recommend, especially, experience, optimistic, expectation,
government, suitcase, advertise, picturesque, adventure, possibility,
consonant, opinion, gratitude, articulate, phonetics, example, eliminate,
flexibility, measurement, mechanical, prudential, represent, theory, minimal,
discover, difficulty, distinguish, particular, encounter, attempt, remain,
consonantal, experiment, musical, unfortunate, pronounce, English,
traditional, manufacture, furniture, politics, architecture, raincoat, elegant,
another, comparison, extinguish, comprehend, communists, psychology,
understandable, congratulate, tragedy, category, different, fricative,
happening, human, character, themselves, follow, identify, accuracy, absolute,
architect, editorial, museum, picturesque, industrial, preservation, beneficial,
insufficient, luggage, military, entertainment, interest, command, monkey,
excitement, lady-killer, satellite, reputation, Vietnamese, profit, message,
bicycle, determined, continental, encounter, document, pagoda, horizon,
behaviour, applicant, diseases, sensible, regular, popularity, consonantal.
primary stress on the
first syllable
primary stress on the
second syllable
primary stress on the
third syllable

24
1.2.6. Transcribe the following sentences phonemically, paying attention to
strong forms and weak forms
1. Leave it until after you have had some tea, otherwise you’ll be too full to
eat.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Collect your luggage before leaving the train.
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. She’s going to take a Chinese course next year.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. These are all the pictures that are left.
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. When did you tell me the story about ghosts?
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. Leave the rest of the food for lunch.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. Aren’t there some letters for her to open?
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. Where do the eggs come from?
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. At least we can try and help.
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. The plane was approaching the runway at high speed.
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. He wants to come and see us at our apartment.
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. There could be a bit of rain at the end of the morning.
…………………………………………………………………………………
13. They usually play cards in the garden and stay there until 5.00.
…………………………………………………………………………………

14. Everyone seems to understand the importance of the football match.
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. I am still hoping for better luck next year.
…………………………………………………………………………………
16. As soon as he had read it, he sat down to answer it.
25
…………………………………………………………………………………
17. Does she have a hard time speaking English?
…………………………………………………………………………………
18. We can wait for the bus.
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. How do the lights work?
…………………………………………………………………………………
20. There are some new books I must read.
…………………………………………………………………………………
21. She took her aunt for a drive.
…………………………………………………………………………………
22. The basket was full of things to eat.
…………………………………………………………………………………
23. Why should a man earn more than a woman?
…………………………………………………………………………………
24. He wants to come and see us at home.
…………………………………………………………………………………
25. It’s true that he was late, but his car could have broken down.
…………………………………………………………………………………
26. I shall take as much as I want.
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. Why am I too late to see him today?
…………………………………………………………………………………
28. You must choose us or them.

…………………………………………………………………………………
29. He likes her but does she like him?
…………………………………………………………………………………
30. John has come back from his holiday.
…………………………………………………………………………………
31. I could have seen her if I hadn’t missed the bus.
…………………………………………………………………………………
32. They laughed at us.
…………………………………………………………………………………
33. When am I to be there?
…………………………………………………………………………………
34. Can I send them by post?
26
…………………………………………………………………………………
35. The weather was terrible when I came.
…………………………………………………………………………………
36. When does the next train to London leave?
…………………………………………………………………………………
37. The boy will lose and the girl will win.
…………………………………………………………………………………
38. Have you ever met the Queen of England?
…………………………………………………………………………………
39. This is the letter from him not to him.
…………………………………………………………………………………
40. I am sorry for such a nuisance today.
…………………………………………………………………………………
41. You shouldn’t put “and” at the end of a sentence.
…………………………………………………………………………………
42. I went to London yesterday to get food for my dog.
…………………………………………………………………………………

43. Do you mind if I don’t come with you?
…………………………………………………………………………………
44. We were all surprised that he made that mistake.
…………………………………………………………………………………
45. You needn’t tell her anything.
…………………………………………………………………………………
46. I shall deal with the matter myself.
…………………………………………………………………………………
47. Could you pass me the salt, please?
…………………………………………………………………………………
48. He is carrying a coat in his right hand.
…………………………………………………………………………………
49. The light died away in the dark.
…………………………………………………………………………………
50. The children sat on the rug before the fire place.
…………………………………………………………………………………
1.2.7. Transcribe the following sentences phonetically
27