bài giảng văn hóa cổ đại




 !" 
#$%"&'
'%()*
+,-.+/0%1234056+72
89+:%0;5+<2;5=>?5-9@A2901B+05C<D2C.0
+E0;5-F+%GHIJK'GLLM
2N01O05P;5,01L0Q8LGIK
,=A2R=1+9=STF+?5UV01W3=XTY=
T+Z81O[














!""#$%&'

!""#$%&'

"#

"#
(!
(!
(!)
(!)
*+ 

+

,+  !
  "
-+ #$%&#'
#()*+,-!./
012$3














!""#$%&'


!""#$%&'

"#
"#
(!
(!
(!)
(!)
*+4567
+4
#8456'
984*0
:;<=#>.?@
\+'%
1U]+?5UV01^01=STF+=X;5\05
;_20\-:+/0A290T70 0^01015+E?[
./01
2

!,01;F-`9:6=5aW8:6=5bP;`+
;5c=;5+/0.Q0P:\8Td015dT-
;5]+1+90
!+e?=5-5-F;Tf01
0^01015+E?=g901U]+
0^01DW0D+40
`9Te01;5]+.h.\TF;i7;
A2N;R;5V0C
AB1C*()
*+, !.3
(O>9-;5\05;_2Tj2;+/0=g9

01U]+?5UV01^01:\>,01
;F-`9:6=5.\;`+;5c=;5+/0
.Q0[
D !.EC
F13
.
5+98f;0Q8;5\05IL;5,01P
8k+;5,01=XLHT70lG01\3
#G1*D !
.HI3
!,01;F-`9=5m=5m;Un015O05
J1G/3
IC,= DW0;f=?5UV01^01=S
TF+To=X05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X9
1O[
:;<=#>.?@
\+'%
!,01;F-`9:6=5aW8:6=5bP;`+
;5c=;5+/0.Q0P:\8Td015dT-
;5]+1+90
!,01;F-`9=5m=5m;Un015O05
IC,= DW0;f=?5UV01^01=S
TF+To=X05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X9
1O[
5m;Un015O05+p?ai5q=
;`/0;U]01:Q018f.2998!
rs;(b
Mắt
Miệng
Mặt trời

Nước
Núi
Núi có đèo
Nhà
Bước đi
1^+>9-
1^+>9-
∆
%KL
W39!?+!`e;
5m.+7;;`/0
1+t39!?+!`e;
5m
.+7;
;`/0
;5u
;`<
5m.+7;;`/089+`v9
1U]+;9.+7;=5m.+7;:/005m01
.p;:+E21O[
5m.+7;;`/0Tt;>s;
:;<=#>.?@
\+'%
!,01;F-`9:6=5aW8:6=5bP;`+
;5c=;5+/0.Q0P:\8Td015dT-
;5]+1+90
!,01;F-`9=5m=5m;Un015O05
TUn=.+7;;`/01+t39!?3!`2;P89+
`v9P;5u;`<CCC
IC,= DW0;f=?5UV01^01=S

TF+To=X05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X9
1O[
/205m01;5\05;_2.w;-,05x==g9
DW0;f=?5UV01^01=STF+[
!5\05;_2.w;-,05x=%5,;
8+05`9?5s?T78T70IGP=,==5m
>R;yG!zHP;{05TUn=?+|lPI'
-:e=Bt31+]0U}=>^01+0
;5U]01r23/0:/0r2R01Tor-,T+
05m01`9051+}+1+m9=,=8N05
`2f01T~+5•+01U]++p??5N+
;{05D+E0;{=5=g9=,=8N05
`2f01TZ;+705\05T-TF=:F+C
d01;5]+TZ:\8TUn==,=i+8;_
;5,?P01U]++p??5N+;+705\05
T-=5+w2=9-€8f;=,=5=5{05r,=
1U]+"U•01\>}8B2^0B,0
.}+B/001-\+?5N+;{05;-,00/0
`t;1+•+.w>R5x=
#G)*DM#N
1 2
1 2
3 10 100 1000
3 10 100 1000
#G)*DO.P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


‚Z;/08f;>R=^01;`O05i+70

;`e==g9=,=DW0;f=?5UV01
^01=STF+
- ‚+70;`e=%=,==^01;`O05i+70
;`e=Td>f05U‚+8_5,?+
p?P;5\059!B+!:-0ƒ"U•01\
.$0QPRB(**1+,#*
STK&KQ!!TUVWUX&D*
C5Y&K&HHG
IWWZ[Q /\$0"G
\*-*V*V*B]1
[@^J_J=-M@#`-
.$0a,*DM#N :\$0BQ D"Q
'*bWUUUcKUUUdQ&AB1e!EZ0
a,Ae,*$M#N +,(0A0*-*V*V
.$0B1'0Z2D+,6,!)0
f10*0
*""„
5\059B+:-0=X8Y;
B…015O05=5m05p;.}+
=52.+Ili8PTUn=B9-Bx=
Bƒ+5\-0U}=>W2C5\05
=XLJG;5,?=905.\IGG
=†9Td01B/0;`-01CS01
Tw0>V;90…8ƒ?5{9Bq=
;5\050f+=9-IL8TUn=
i5q==5F80S+5O05;5e
.p;6&b
( "
(U]0;`<-9B+:-0TUn=
.299B2=^T^0^`^rW3

D_01=5-5-\015p2=g9
^010Q8'GlC(U]0
;`<-5O05.2^01P=,=5+/0
?5‡01TUn=0W01:/0Bƒ+
=,==f;=562TUn=>c=0Y01
=g9;t;=N=W3=R+C`/0
8k+;j01TUn=;`d0105+w2
=W3=S;5hi5,=0592CW3
:\8f;;`-01MiOA290=g9
;571+}+=STF+C
:;<=#>.?@
%KL
IC,= DW0;f=?5UV01^01=S
TF+To=X05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X9
1O[
LC1U]++"F?.\^#9To=X
05m01TX011X?1O.w.Q05X9[
?5UV01W301U]+;9To
>,01;F-`9:-F+:6=51O[
!,01;F-`9:6=5aDUV01:6=5b
#G1*D !J$0
HBD !
.3
- ,01;F-`95E=5m=,+9PBP=
/205m01;5\05;_2
i5-95x==g901U]+?5UV01
W3=STF+[
!,=01\05i5-95x=%;-,0P.p;
:{P>†P.Q05x=CCTw2?5,;;`+Z0.}+
05+w205\i5-95x=0S+

D905a+;91-P9:<;P=>+8<;CCCb
Ac-si-met
Pla-ton
A-ri-xtôt

Triết học


Kòch thơ: Ô-re-xti của Ét – xin
Ơ-đít làm vua của Xô-phô-clơ

Sử thi: I-li-át , Ô-đi-xê của Hô -
me
Hơ - me
Ét – xin
:;<=#>.?@
%KL
IC,= DW0;f=?5UV01^01=STF+To=X
05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X91O[
LC1U]++"F?.\^#9To=X
05m01TX011X?1O.w.Q05X9[
!,01;F-`9:6=5aDUV01:6=5b
- ,01;F-`95E=5m=,+9PBP=
!,=01\05i5-95x=?5,;;`+Z0=9-P
TY;0w08X01=5-=,=01\05i5-9
5x=>920\3%;-,0a9:<;P+!;9!1-P
ˆ!=:+=bP.p;:{a=!>+!8<;bP>†a/!`^!
TR;CCbP.Q05x=CCTw2?5,;;`+Z0.}+
05+w205\i5-95x=0S+D905a+!;9!
1-P9:<;P=>+8<;CCCb

‚Z;/0=,==^01;`O05i+70;`e=
?5UV01W3;5]+=STF+[
!‚+70;`e=PT+/2i5q=%w0,=!;/!
0^01PTt2;`U]01^!:+!D/P;Un01
:_=>‰0s8T‰9P;5j0(E0mCCC
O051R8=S+"F?Š;57i‹(
P;`/0BO05.Œ=N05>+055-F;
T]+;5U]01=g901U]+DW0C

ĐẤU TRƯỜNG CÔLIDÊ( RÔ-MA)
t2;`U]01"9#oQPZD2 )gQ*#Ze*'Q
\$0\WUUUUB.ZD/hijkZZ
l'.ZD/\$0BdQRURY*#
0.$0Z/\$02.11m*^E/dQnU
*#0.ZDo/hiXWUUdQG7e
p /ANZ1BqKr*B.11m*^Ei +dQTRKh
iQ!Z*jk&!$0/5Q"l'&N N
"&d'&BF+"#0oX/hiQ!
CDJ#+r*0&ZD/hiQ2&h*&
&  
Đw0Pác-tê-nông
;`/0Td+!=`^!?^0!;<0a+"F?b
;`/0Td+!=`^!?^0!;<0a+"F?b để thờ
nữ thần A-tê-na do kiến trúc s Phi-đi-át thiết kế (năm 447
TCN). Toàn bộ ngôi đền đ ợc xây bằng đá với những hàng cột
tròn trang trí rất đẹp. T ợng nữ thần A-tê-na tạc bằng gỗ quí, mạ
vàng và ngà voi, cao 21 mét.
Nữ thần A-tê-na
.A=VVQC
2s t!um, 8

.ADG
XMV
VQC
GXd
v&\$0
7
wQ,
#HYRP&
*
SSWQ\$0

dQWWU
J#&F
q
dQxWK
J#
Un01:_=>•0s8T‰9
W3:\?5-;Un01;23E;;,=
B…01T,5-9C15E;52p;T+/2
i5q=TF;;}+;`O05Tf5-\08‰P
D+40;N=,+TŽ?5+E0;5_=P>+05
Tf01P;U;578w88F+i5•<
i5-q0C"\i+E;;,=8•28_=
05t;.w=,+TŽ?=g9T+/2i5q=
+"F?=ST+Z0P:\=52•08_=
.wT+/2i5q==5-015E;52p;
?5UV01W3>2R;5\01=5h=;57
i‹>92CX+:/0;\+0Q01P=^01
>c=:9-Tf01.\>_?5,;;`+Z0
=9-=g9;`O05Tf;`{;2E=-0

01U]+;5]+TXi5+70=5-01U]+
T]+>92.^=v01;5,0?5h=
‚5N+5-\08^0ƒi+05;5\05^89
"‘
"‘
_`9T]+=g9;5+/0.Q05x=P:6=5P=5m.+7;P;-,05x=Pi+70;`e==X’
015‰905U;570\-TR+.}+T]+>R01=-001U]+[
*
“
"‘
”015‰9TR+.}+T]+>R01=-001U]+
1
5+/0.Q0
5+/0.Q0
.\:6=5
.\:6=5
2
5m.+7;
5m.+7;
3
-,05x=
-,05x=
4
‚+70;`e=
‚+70;`e=
X05m01=^01;`O05?5h=.h052=j2
=2f=>R01=g9=-001U]+;5]+=STF+C
52p0:n+=5->N0r2t;0^01015+E?C
”015‰=g9=-001U]+TUn=15+=5s?:F+
A29=5m.+7;C

•01Dh01.\-.+E=T-TF=`2f01Tt;P
–W3D_01P;{05;-,0PB2^0B,0PA2W0>_€
X05m01=^01;`O05?5h=.h=5-052=j2
=2f=>R01=g9=-001U]+;5]+=STF+C
t;=N05m01;5\05;_2TX:\=V>ƒP0w08X01=5->_?5,;;`+Z0=g9=,=01\05
i5-95x=>920\3C
N3iOA290
N3iOA290


;571+}+=STF+
;571+}+=STF+
(U]0;`<-9!B+!:-0a"U•01\b
(U]0;`<-9!B+!:-0a"U•01\b
Un01;5j0};
Un01;5j0};
Un01;5j0#Y;;`]+/!:+!R;
Un01;5j0#Y;;`]+/!:+!R;
"Q018f9!:+!=,=!0,;
"Q018f9!:+!=,=!0,;
‚+8;_;5,?+p?
‚+8;_;5,?+p?
w0=!;/!8{;a+"F?b
w0=!;/!8{;a+"F?b
1x05N+TQ01!:/=5!r90!D`+9
1x05N+TQ01!:/=5!r90!D`+9
Un01;5j0};
Un01;5j0};
,=DW0;f=5UV01^01=STF+ToTF;TUn=05m01

;5\05;_2.Q05X91O[














!""#$%&'

!""#$%&'

"#
"#
(!
(!
(!)
(!)
A) 5+/0.Q05x=P>,01;F-`9:6=5P:\8
Td015dT-;5]+1+90
B) ,01;F-`9=5m;Un015O05P=5m>RP
05m01;`+;5c=;-,05x=C
b 5m01=^01;`O05i+70;`e=5v01.‰C

D) t;=N05m01;5\05;_2;`/0C
5<-<8P05m01;5\05;_2.Q05X90\-;5]+=STF+
=~0TUn=>†Dh01T7001\3093[














!""#$%&'

!""#$%&'

"#
"#
(!
(!
(!)
(!)
b
"6=5P=5m.+7;9PBP=
b

5m;Un015O05
b
#f;>R;5\05;_2.Q05X9=VBN0.w
5O055x=P>R5x=
b
PTe01
(+E=>,01;F-`9=5m.+7;=X’015‰91O[














!""#$%&'

!""#$%&'

"#
"#
(!
(!
(!)

(!)
b
mQP Q*
D
b m"X&!*d
QD
b mXB"1B\EP
"
b #*$'
,=;5\05;_2.Q05X9=STF+=X1+,;`605U;570\-[














!""#$%&'

!""#$%&'

"#
"#

(!
(!
(!)
(!)
b
9dH*+,  '&*
,HFl
b
.",GBB1DD
*5 i)
b
.IAQHB*
]*0
b
JZ$'