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CẤU TẠO NGUYÊN TỬ BẢNG HỆ THỐNG TUẦN HOÀN VÀ LIÊN KẾT HÓA HỌC

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1
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

 1:
- 

1. Nguyên tử
1.1. Thành phần cấu tạo nguyên tử


+ H
 



1.1.1. Đặc điểm về điện tích và khối lượng của hạt p, e, n.

Trong  
1.1.2. Cách biểu thị nguyên tử

A
Z
X




Z: 
A: 
 
pn


Khối lượng nguyên tử: M

= m
e
+ m
P
+ m
n
 m
p
+ m
n

n.

 A.
Ví dụ:
23
11
Na
   (-


1.1.3. Đồng vị
Đồng vị: 

t 







2
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Ví dụ: 

1
1
H

2
1
H

3
1

H


1.1.4. Nguyên tử khối trung bình của các đồng vị
Khối lượng nguyên tử Trung bình: 
 

1
(x
1
%); M
2
(x
2
%); M
n
(x
n
%)
11
. % . %
100%
nn
M x M x
M



Ví dụ: 
%75:Cl

35
17

37
17
:25%Cl

35.75% 37.25%
35,5
100%


Cl
M

Chú ý: 








1.2. Hạt nhân nguyên tử


1
1
H

l
  



(p, e)
Ví Dụ:
226 222 4
88 86 2
Ra Rn He

 


197 0 197
80 1 79
Hg e Au

 

1.3. Vỏ nguyên tử
1.3.1. Obitan nguyên tử
Obitan nguyên tử: 
.

. 
Z=1; A = 1


Z=1; A = 2



Z=1; A = 3
Triti


Đối với các nguyên tố Hóa học (1< Z < 82) luôn có:
n
1 1,5
p
  
XX
p
3,5 3
X p n e





  







3
 1: -  


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333












1.3.2. Lớp và phân lớp electron
       y

 
Lớp electron (kí hiệu:n):  


Số lớp
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
n = 4
n = 5
n = 6
n = 7

Tên lớp
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
 

 
Phân lớp electron: 



Ví dụ: 


Tro






Hình dạng obitan s và p







4
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333













1.3.3. Sự sắp xếp các electron trong obitan vỏ nguyên tử
1.3.3.1. Nguyên lý Pauli
Nội dung: 
Ví dụ: Electron trong obitan 1s: 
                  
electron g
Số electron tối đa trong 1 phân lớp và 1 lớp:

- 



- 


- 


- 



- ctron
- 

- 
- 
v.v


Sắp xếp mức năng lượng từ thấp đến cao
của các electron vỏ nguyên tử





5
 1: -  


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

1.3.3.2. Nguyên lý vững bền
Nội dung: .

- 
- 
* Lí thuyết và thực nghiệm cho biết thứ tự tăng dần năng lượng của các obitan như sau:
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d
  (Xem sự sắp xếp mức năng lượng từ trong ra
ngoài của các lớp electron)













1.3.3.3. Quy tắc Hun (Hund):
Nội dung:  electron

Ví dụ: 
2 2 3

1s 2s 2p



1.3.4. Cấu hình electron:
 
 
 
Ví dụ:
7
N (Z= 7)  
2
2s
2
3p
3

2
2p
3

Cách viết cấu hình electron:
Bước 1: 
Bước 2: 
Ví dụ: Z = 19 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

3s
2
3p
6
4s
1

1












Sự sắp xếp các lớp và phân lớp electron trong lớp vỏ nguyên tử








6

 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Z = 26 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2

6
4s
2

Z = 29 1s
2
2s
2
2p

6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1

10
4s
1

- 8 electron lớp ngoài 
Đó là các nguyên tử khí hiếm (hay khí trơ) trừ He (có 2 electron)
- 1, 2, 3 electron lớp ngoài cùng đều là những kim loại (
- 5, 6, 7 electron lớp ngoài cùng thường là những phi kim.
1.3.5. Sự tạo thành ion
* Định nghĩa: 
-
* Sự tạo thành ion dạng nguyên tử mang điệnelectron.
-  ne = M
n+

(Cation)
-  + ne = X
n-
(Anion)
Ví dụ: 

2+

3+

26
Fe 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2

6
4s
2

 Fe
2+
1s
2
2s
2

2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6

6

 Fe
3+
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5

5


2. c

2.1. Nguyên tắc sắp xếp trong bảng hệ thống tuần hoàn
- 
- 
-  
2.2. Bảng hệ thống tuần hoàn
2.2.1. Ô nguyên tố


Ví dụ:
27
13
Al
.  
2.2.2. Chu kì
 




3)
Chu kì 1: 


Chu kì 2: 


Chu kì 3:  











7
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

2.2.3. Nhóm nguyên tố



  
Ví dụ:
1 2 2
2s ,2s 2p

  
Ví dụ:
3 2 5 2
3d 4s ,3d 4s

2.2.4. Sự biến đổi tuần hoàn cấu hình electron














nhau
1
ns

26
ns ns





2.2.5. Sự biến đổi tuần hoàn các tính chất
2.2.5.1. Bán kính nguyên tử










Cấu hình electron của các nguyên tố nhóm A


Trong 1 chu kì:

Trong 1 nhóm:     







8
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Ví dụ: 
11
Na
1
(3s )



12
Mg
2
(3s )
 


3

11


2.2.5.2. Năng lượng ion hóa
Năng lượng ion hóa thứ nhất: 


  
















2.2.5.3. Độ âm điện
Độ âm điện: 

















2.2.5.4. Tính kim loại – Phi kim
Tính kim loại: 

Tính phi kim: -)







Trong 1 chu kì:

Trong 1 nhóm: 



Trong 1 chu kì:

Trong 1 nhóm: T







9
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333









2.2.5.5. Tính axit – bazo




















Định luật tuần hoàn: 

3. 

 






3.1. Các loại liên kết hóa học trong phân tử
3.1.1. Liên kết ion
a. Sự tạo thành cation (+) và anion (-) xem phần lại 1.3.5.




Trong 1 chu kì:

Trong 1 nhóm:



Trong 1 chu kì:

Trong 1 nhóm:







10
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333


b. Xét trường hợp tạo thành NaCl từ các đơn chất tương ứng





      tri   
Na

o
Cl




L

3.1.2. Liên kết cộng hóa trị
a. Xét trường hợp tạo thành phân tử H
2






-
2
-H


2
&

2
, Cl
2
, hay O
2
: 
.
b. Xét trường hợp tạo thành phân tử HCl



ron 2
 Cl.

.





11
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333


3.1.3. Liên kết cho nhận (liên kết phối trí)
a. Xét trường hợp của SO
2



 
  



  



3.2. Mối liên hệ giữa liên kết hóa học với độ âm điện






)


0,4
0,4 <

< 1,7



1,7




Ví dụ: 
2
 O-).

= 3,44  2,2 = 1,24




= 3,44  0,93 = 2,51


Chú ý:HF,


3.3. Cấu tạo của một số hợp chất vô cơ đơn giản
3.3.1. Axit









12
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Ví dụ: 


2
SO
4


3.3.2. Bazo
c Bazo

Ví dụ: 
2


3.3.3. Muối
-
-
2
O.
3.4. Năng lượng liên kết hóa học trong phân tử - Ý nghĩa
a. Năng lượng liên kết hóa học trong phân tử.












13
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Ví dụ: : CH
3
 CH
3
; CH
2
= CH
2
;
CH 
CH.
   C trong
CH 


 
2
= CH
2

3
 CH
3



 

 



1. CẤU TẠO NGUYÊN TỬ



Câu 1: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 2: 
A. 
B. 

C. 
D. 
Câu 3: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 4: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 5: ?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 6: ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 7: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 8: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 9: 
A.  B. 
C. electron, proton D. 
Câu 10: 
16
8
O,
17
8
O,
18

8
O,
12
6
C,
13
6
C. 

2


A. 6 B. 10 C. 12 D. 15
Câu 11: 
16
8
O,
17
8
O,
18
8
O,
1
1
H,
2
1
H,
3

1


A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
Câu 12: Cation X
+


2

3p
6



A. 3s
1

B. 3p
5

C. 4s
1

D. 4p
5








14
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Câu 13: 
0
24

A. 3d
5

B. 4s
1

C. 4s
2

4p
6

D. 4s
1

4p

5


Câu 14: 
1
1
H,
2
1
H,
3
1

9
4


2
 

A. 1 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18
Câu 15: 
A. 5 B. 7 C. 17 D. 18
Câu 16: 

A.


B.



C.


D.

Câu 17: 
A. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
5

B. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
1

C. 1s
2


2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

4s
1

D.1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6


4s
2

3d
6


Câu 18: 
3+


A. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
6


4s
2

B. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
6


C. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6


3s
2

3p
6

3d
5

D. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
3

4s
2



Câu 19: 
2+


A. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
5

B. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6


3s
2

3p
6

C. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

4s
2

D. 1s
2

2s
2


2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
10


Câu 20: 
+n


2

2p
6



A. 3s
1


2



2

3p
1

B. 3s
1


2

2p
5


C. 2s
2

2p
5


2

2p
4

D. 2s
2


2p
4


2


Câu 21: 
+


-


2

2s
2

2p
6


A. K
+

, Cl
-


, Ar B. Li
+

, F
-

, Ne C. Na
+

, Cl
-

, Ar D. Na
+

, F
-

, Ne
Câu 22: 
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
Câu 23: 
2+


A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6
Câu 24: 
3+



A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. 5
Câu 25: 
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
Câu 26: 
A. 1 B. 4 C. 9 D. 11
Câu 27: 
2+


A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 10
Câu 28: 
2

2p
5


2

3p
1


 ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 29:  
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 

Câu 30: 
A. 
B. 































































15
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

C. 
D. 
Câu 31:  ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 32:  ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 33: 
+

, F
-

, Mg
2+

, O
2-



A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 34:  ?
A. Cu B. Ion Br
-

C.  D. Ion Ca
2+


Câu 35: Ng
A. Cl (Z=17) B. Ca (Z=20) C. Al (Z=13) D. C (Z=6)
Câu 36: 
A. 32 B. 15 C. 47 D. 17
Câu 37: 
A. 8 B. 5 C. 7 D. 4
Câu 38: 
A.
24
Mg (Z=12) B.
23
Na (Z=11) C.
61
Cu (Z=29) D.
59
Fe (Z=26)
Câu 39: 
A. 1s
2
2s
2

2p
6
3s
1
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
3
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

Câu 40: 

A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
3
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

3p
6
4
1

Câu 41: 
35
17

A. 17 B. 35 C. 52 D. 53
Câu 42: 
19
9

A. 9 B. 19 C. 28 D. 29
Câu 43: 
65
29
Cu
2+


A. 29 B. 63 C. 90 D. 92
Câu 44: 
52
24
Cr
3+



A. 24, 28, 24 B. 24, 30, 31 C. 24, 28, 21 D. 24, 28, 27
Câu 45:  ?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 4
Câu 46: 
A. 32 B. 16 C. 8 D. 50
Câu 47: 
A. 7 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Câu 48: 
A. 15 B. 16 C. 14 D. 19
Câu 49: 
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1

A. F (Z=9) B. Na (Z=11) C. K (Z=19) D. Cl (Z=17)
Câu 50: 
A. D (Z=11) B. A (Z=6) C. B (Z=19) D. C (Z=2)
Câu 51: 
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Câu 52: 
A. 8 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7
Câu 53: 

A. D (Z=7) B. A (Z=17) C. C (Z=35) D. B (Z=9)
Câu 54: 
1
 
A. 21 B. 15 C. 25 D. 24
Câu 55: 
A. 7 B. 8 C. 5 D. 4
Câu 56: 
A. 5 B. 8 C. 4 D. 7





16
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Câu 57:  ?
A. 2 B. 10 C. 6 D. 14
Câu 58: 
A. 3 B. 15 C. 14 D. 13
Câu 59: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 

Câu 60: Cation R
+

6

A.  B.  C.  D.  
Câu 61: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 62: 
A. Si B. S C. As D. Sb
Câu 63: 
A.  B. L C.  D. 
Câu 64: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 65: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 66: 
3

A. R
2
O B. R
2
O
3
C. R
2
O

2
D. R
2
O
5

Câu 67: 
A. Cl (Z=17) B. F (Z=9) C. N (Z=7) D. Na (Z=11)
Câu 68: 
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
4s

2

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
7
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
4s
1

Câu 69: 
2

A. Na (Z=11) B. Cl (Z=17) C. K (Z=19) D. Ca (Z=20)
Câu 70: 

A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4

D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3

Câu 71: 
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
C. 1s
2
2s
2

2p
6
3s
3
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

Câu 72: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 73: 
10
Ne,
18
Ar,
36
 ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 74: -li?
A. 1s
2
2s

2
2p
6
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
1
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
7
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

Câu 75:  3d
6
. 

A. 26 B. 6 C. 20 D. 24
Câu 76: 

5
 ?
A. 13 B. 24 C. 15 D. 25


BÀI TẬP

Câu 1: 

A. Na B. Mg C. F D. Ne





17
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Câu 2: 

A. Z = 16, A = 32 B. Z = 17, A = 35 C. Z = 19, A = 39 D. Z = 15, A = 31
Câu 3: 


3
Y)
-



A. O, S, H B. C, H, F C. O, N, H D. N, C, H
Câu 4: 

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 5:                      
A. Ca B. Ba C. Al D. Fe
Câu 6: 
63
29

65
29

65
29
 

63
29
Cu trong Cu

2

A. 88,06% B. 64,29% C. 44,03% D. 32,15%
Câu 7: 
proton 

A. 76,35 B. 79,92 C. 80,01 D. 81,86

Câu 8: 
1
(79%), A
2
(10%), A
3
75,


1
,A
2
,A
3
 ?
A. 24;25;26 B. 24;25;27 C. 23;24;25 D. 25;26;24
Câu 9: 
X


X

 
A. Se

34
B. Ge

32
C. AS


33
D. Br

35

Câu 10:  
 ?
A. Cu B. Ag C. Fe D. Al
Câu 11: 

4
X

3
, ion M
3+



4-


 ?
A. Al

4
Si

3

B. Fe

4
Si

3
C. Al

4
C

3
D. Fe

4
C

3

Câu 12: 
10
5

11
5


11
5
B trong axit boric H


3
BO

3
(M=61,81)
A. 81% B. 14,4% C. 17,41% D. 17,8%
Câu 13: 
63
29

65
29
C

65
29
Cu trong CuCl

2

A. 27,62% B. 13,04% C. 17,72% D. 12,64%
Câu 14: 

2


2-



M
+

 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 15: 

3

p, n, e) trong X
-


3+



A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 16: 

2

2+


-

. 

2


M
2+


-


MX

2
 ?
A. CaF

2
B. CaCl

2
C. CuF

2
D. CuCl

2

Câu 17: 
  ?
A. 26 B. 25 C. 23 D. 27
Câu 18: 
 ?






18
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

A. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

4s
2


B. 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
10

4s
2

4p
5


C. 1s
2

2s
2


2p
6

3s
2

3p
5

D. s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
10

4s
1



Câu 19: 
 ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 20: 
16
O (x
1
%),
17
O (x
2
%),
18
O 

16

17
 ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 21: 
37

35

37

A. 65% B. 76% C. 35% D. 24%

Câu 22: 
 ?
A. 13 B. 40 C. 14 D. 27
Câu 23:  ?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2
Câu 24: 
81
R
2

 ?
A. 79 B. 81 C. 82 D. 80
Câu 25: 
1

2

1

2


1
 ?
A. 15 B. 14 C. 12 D. 
Câu 26: 
2




2
 ?
A. K
2
O B. Rb
2
O C. Na
2
O D. Li
2
O
Câu 27: 
2


2

MX
2
 ?
A. FeS
2
B. NO
2
C. SO
2
D. CO
2

Câu 28: HCl 

35
17

37
17

AgNO

3

A. 14,35g B. 143,5 g C. 144 g D. 144,5 g
Câu 29: 
   ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Câu 30: 
 ?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
Câu 31: 
 ?
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 32:  ?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p

6
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
5s
2
4p
3

Câu 33: Cho 10 gam ACO
3
         
2
 

A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s

2
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2















19
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

2. 



Câu 1: 

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 2: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 3: 6 tron ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 4: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 5:  

 
 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 6: 
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Câu 7: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 8:  
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 9: 
A. 32 B. 18 C. 9 D. 16
Câu 10: 
A. 
B.  
C. 
D. 
Câu 11: sai 
A. 
B. 

C. 
D. 
Câu 12: 

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 13:  ?
A. 
B. 
C. 


D. 
Câu 14: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 15: 
2






20
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

A. Magie B.  C. Cacbon D. Photpho
Câu 16: 
A.  B.  C. A D. 
Câu 17: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 18:  .


A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
B. 1s
2
2s
1
2p
5
C. 1s
1
2s
2
2p
5
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4


A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. IA B. IIA C. VIA D. IVA
Câu 19: 

A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
3p
4
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

Câu 20: 
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3.

.

A. 3 B. 2

C. 6

D. 5


A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. IA B. IIIA C. VA D. IVA
Câu 21: 
A. Li, F, N, Na, C B. F, Li, Na, C, N C. Na, Li, C, N, F D. N, F, Li, C, Na
Câu 22: 
A. C, F, O, Be, Ca B. Ca, Be, C, O, F C. F, C, O, Ca, Be D. F, O, C, Be, Ca
Câu 23: 
HTTH.
A.  B. 

C.  D. 
Câu 24: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 25:  ?
A. Be
2+

B. Cl
-

C. Mg
2+

D. Ca
2+


Câu 26: 
A. Mg
2+

B. K
+

C. Na
+

D. O
2-



Câu 27: Cu 

A. Cu
+

B. Fe
2+

C. K
+

D. Cr
3+


Câu 28: 
(1) 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
1


(2) 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
5

4s
1

(3) 1s
2

2s
2

2p
2



(4) 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
1

(5) 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
5



C  ?
A. (1) (2) B. (2) (3) C. (4) (5) D. (3) (5)
Câu 29: Anion X
2-

2
3p
6

A.  B. 
C. VII A D. 
Câu 30: 

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 31:   ?
A. As, Se, Cl, Fe B. F, Cl, Br, I C. Br, P, H, Sb D. O, Br, Se, Te





21
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333


Câu 32: 
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
5

; Y: 1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6


; Z:
1s
2

2s
2

2p
6

3s
2

3p
6

3d
6

4s
2

.  ?
A. X B. Y C. Z D. 
Câu 33:  Ca  Sr  Ba. 

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 34:  P  As  Sb  

A.  B.  C.  D. 

Câu 35:  
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 36: 

A. Li (Z = 3) B. Na (Z = 11) C. Rb (Z = 37) D. Cs (Z = 55)
Câu 37:  
?
A. 
B. 
C.  
D. 
Câu 38: 

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 39: 

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 40: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 41: 
A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 42:  
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 43: A. 
sai ?
A. 

B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 44: 
      
2+
 
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
         
B.
, Na
+
, F

 

4. 
Si, N.

2

, Al(OH)
3

Cho: N (Z = 7), F (Z=9), Ne (Z=10), Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13), K (Z = 19), Si (Z = 14).

A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
Câu 45: 
2
O
3
?
A. Mg B. Al C. Si D. P





22
 - g h 


GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Câu 46: 

16
S
-2


,

17
Cl
-



9
F
-

,
11
Na



A. F
-

< Na
+

<Cl
-

< S
2-


B. Na
+

< F
-

<Cl
-

<S
2-

C. F
-

< Cl
-

< S
2-

< Na
+

D. F
-

< S
2-


< Na
+

< Cl
-


Câu 47: A. 
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
. C. 1s
2

2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
.
Câu 48: 

A.  B. 
2
np
6
.
C.  D. 
Câu 49: 

A.  B. 

C.  D. 
Câu 50: 
2
2s
2
2p
3

A.  B.  
C.  D. 
Câu 51: 
X: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
; Y: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s

2
Z: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
1
4s
2
T: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5


A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 52: 
A.  B. 

C.  D. 
Câu 53: Cho 

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 54: 
A
= 4; Z
B
= 12; Z
C
= 14; C
D
= 17; Z
E


A. A, B, C B. B, D, E C. A, B, E D. 
Câu 55: 
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
B. 1s
2

2s
2
2p
6
3s
3
3p
4
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
7
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
5

Câu 56: Ion Y

2-

2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 57: 
2
2s
2
2p
3


A. RH
2
, RO B. RH
3
, R
2
O
5

C. RH
4
, RO
2
D. RH
5
, R
2
O
3

Câu 58: 
 ?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 59: 
A. Mg > S > Cl > F B. F > Cl > S > Mg C. Cl > F > S > Mg D. S > Mg > Cl > F
Câu 60: g ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 61: 
A.  B.  
C.  D. 
Câu 62:  sai: Tron
A. 
B. 
C. 






23
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

D. 
Câu 63: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 64:  ?
A.  B. A. C.  D. 
Câu 65: 
A. 
2+

> Mg
2+

B. 
C. 

2
< Mg(OH)


2
D. 
2+

< Mg
2+


Câu 66: 
1. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

2. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
3. 1s

2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 67: Anion X
-

2
3p
6

A.  B. 

C.  D. 
Câu 68: Cation X
2+

2
3p
6

A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 69: Ion Y
-

2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

A. A. B. A.
C. A. D. 
Câu 70: 
-
; S
2-
; Ca

2+
; K
+
 ?
A. Cl
-
; S
2-
; Ca
2+
; K
+
. B Ca
2+
; K
+
; Cl
-
; S
2-
. C. S
2-
; Cl
-
; K
+
; Ca
2+
D. Ca
2+

; K
+
; S
2-
; Cl
-

Câu 71: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 72: 

A.  B.  
C.  D. 
Câu 73: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 

BÀI TẬP

Câu 1: A. 

A. Ca B. Mg C. Fe D. 
Câu 2: 
2


A. C B. N C. S D. 
Câu 3:       
2

      

A. C B. S C. Cl D. Si
Câu 4: 
4

 ?
A. 28 B. 29 C. 27 D. 32
Câu 5: 
60
A. 32, SO
2
, SO
3
B. 64, Cu
2
O, CuO C. 56, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
D.





24
 - g h 



GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

Câu 6: 
  
3
       
2
 

A. Mg, B. Zn C. Cu D. 
Câu 7: 
2
SO
4

2
.
 ?
A. 24(u) B. 23(u) C. 137(u) D. 40(u)
Câu 8: 
4

 
A. Cacbon. B.  C.  D. Silic.
Câu 9: N
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 10: 
2+



. 
2


2+




2+



A.
29
M,
17


B.
26
M,
17
A
C. 
D. 
Câu 11: 
2


 ?
A. Be B. Ca C. Ba D. Mg
Câu 12: 
3


35
X(x
1

37
X (x
2

1

2

A.  B.  C.  D. 
Câu 13:                  

A.  B.  C.  D.  
Câu 14: 

A. Mg B. Ca C. Ba D. 


3. LIÊN KẾT HÓA HỌC


Câu 1: -p:
A. Br
2
B. NH
3
C. SO
3
D. H
2
S.
Câu 2: 
2
H
2
, (2) CO
2
, (3) C
2
H
2
, (4) HNO
3
, (5) Cl
2
O
7

A. (1), (2) B. (2), (3) C. (3), (4) D. (4), (5)
Câu 3: 
A. HClO B. Cl

2
O
7
C. HClO
3
D. AlCl
3

Câu 4: 

A. A
7
B B. AB
7
C. AB D. A
7
B
2

Câu 5:  
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 6: Ion X- 
2
2s
2
2p
6



A.  B.  C. ion D. 
Câu 7: 
A. A, B B. A, B, D C. A, D, E D. B, E.
Câu 8: 





25
 1: -  

GIÁO DỤC HỒNG PHÚC
T: 097 218 0088/ 0948 728 333

A. H
2
S B. Mg(OH)
2
C. Al
2
O
3
D. H
2
O
Câu 9: 
A.   B.  
C.   D. e  
Câu 10: 

2
2s
2
2p
1

A. R
-
B. R
3-
C. R
+
D. R
3+

Câu 11: 
A. H: Cl B. H : Cl C. H :Cl D. H::Cl.
Câu 12: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 13: 

2
, CH
4
, Cl
2

A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Câu 14: 

2
 ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 15: o
 ?
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 16:  ?
A. H
B. M
C. N

D. N

Câu 17: 
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1


2

2s
2
2p
5

A. ion. B.  C.  D. 
Câu 18: 
A.  B. 
C.  D. 
Câu 19: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Câu 20: 
A. LiCl. B. NaF. C. CaF
2
. D. NaCl

×