mad about dinosaurs

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@b@Mt"qq
03:
DlnoSdurS
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Published by
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Books
Ltd
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London
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Penguin Compony
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ISBN:
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Printed in Chinq
It
Whclt
were
dinosclurs?
Dinosqurs
were
reptiles
thqt
first
wolked
on
Eorth

between
203
ond
225 million
yeors
ogo,
during o
time colled
the
Mesozoic
erq.
Then
suddenly,
65
million
yeors
ogo, they
oll died out.
Fossils
of
dinosour
bones
show us
how
they
moy hqve
looked.
There were
mony
different

kinds
of
dinosour.
Some were
peoceful.
Others,
such
qs
Deinonychus,
were
fierce
hunters.
Apotosourus
wos o
giont,
slow-moving
plont-eoter.
Plqnt-eoting Stegosourus
hqd two
rows
of
bony
plotes
thot
ron olong
its
bock ond
toil.
\
\

;
!*
*-{
ft,x
ltt
If
you
have o computer,
you
con downloqd
o
poster
of
different dinosours
from
www.
I odyb ird. co
m/mqdob out
iI
Time
of the
dinosours
The
Mesozouc
ero
wos
divided
into
three
periods:

the
Tricrssic,
Jurcrssic
ond
Cretqceotls.
Eoch
period
hod
o different
climcrte
ond
its
own
type
\i
\,,.
\
of
plonts.
Dinosours
olso
chonged
from
period
to
onother.
Other creotures
shqred
the
dinosour

world.
Some,
cqlled
pterosqurs,
flew
in
the
skies.
TRIASSIC
200-250
million
yeors
ogo
JURASSIC
CRETACEOUS
one
L45-200
65-r45
8
million
yeors
crgo
million
yeors
ogo
E
of birds.
It hod
feothered
wings ond

o
feothered
toil.
Mqny
leofy
plonts
grew
In
the
Jurossic
period.
Thot
meqnt
there
wos
plenty
of
food
for
plont-eoting
dinosours,
ond
they
grew
bigger
qnd
bigger.
Brochiosourus
t(,i
*"*,

Archoeoptery
one of
the eorliest
Ichthyosourus,
swctm
in
the
seos
some creqtures,
such
os
II
DinoSo
ur bodieS
A11 dinosours
hqd
similqr
skeletons.
These
included
o skull
spine,
ribs,
hips, shoulders,
legs,
ond
toil.
Dinosours
hcrd different
body

shopes,
depending
on
how
they
lived.
Meqt-eqters'
teeth
were
different
to
plont-eqters'
teeth.
Meot-eqters
hqd
shorp
teeth
for
gripping
qnd
teoring
flesh.
Plont-eqters
hqd
flotter or
rounder teeth
for
grinding
up
plonts.

Diplodocus
wos
o
plont-eoter
Allosoul'tts
wcls
o meot-eoter
Lorge
meot-
eoters,
like
Albertosourus,
hod huge skulls
to corry
the
weight of
their
tooth-filled
jaws.
1
I
I
sottor'urus
The
first dinosqurs
wolked
on
two
legs.
As dinosours

become
lo.rger,
some
of them
wqlked
on
four
legs to
hold
up
their
lorge stomochs.
t)|
iir
I
rF'
nt
11
Weird
ond
wonderful
Dinosours
come
in mony shopes
orrd sLzes. Some
of
them
looked
bock.
Blood vessels

inside the soil
moy
hqve
wqrmed
up
in the sltlr.
Thcrt would
hove
kept this dinosour
worm.
Corythosourus
had o
to
ottrqct
q
mote.
very
stronge!
Spinosourus
hod o bony soil
olong
its
L2
brightly
coloured
heod crest.
It
moy
hove
used

its
crest
Tricerotops
hod three
lorge
horns on
its
foce.
Tricerotops
herds
mqy
hove
grouped
together
to
moke on
outword-fqcing
circle.
Their
bobies
would
hove been
sofe
inside
the circle.
Oviroptor's
beok
wq.s
just
like o bird's.

Huge
pldnt-edters
Some
of the
lqrgest
dinosours
were
plont-eqters.
They
hod
to
eot
huge
omounts
of
food
to stlrvive.
The
plonts
they
qte
were
tough
ond
difficult
to digest.
Cetioscrurus
wcrs
cur
enormous

dinosqur.
It
wos
16
metres
long.
When it wos
first
discovered,
scientists
thought
Cetiosqurus
wos
q
whole
becouse
it
wqs
so
big!
thqt's
the
height of
a
fully-grown
mon!
Some
lorge
plont-eoting
dinosqurs

swqllowed
stones
to
help
breok
down
the
food
inside their stomqchs.
Tricerotops'heod
tn
#;LT#"""n
l
Sperm whole
Diplodocus
hod on
extremely
long bock
snd
toil.
It wqs os
long
qs
two
buses.
Its four,
pillor-like
legs
helped
to

keep
it
upright.
Brqchiosqurus hod
o
very
long neck.
It
wos
held
up by
incredibly
strong
muscles. Brochiosourus
wcrs
os toll trs cr
four-storey
L4
15
frrledt-edters
Meot-eqting
dinosqurs
usuolly
hqd
long,
strong
legs.
They
used
them

to
run
quickly,
so
they
could
cqtch
their
prey. They
qlso
hod
strong
jows,
shorp
teeth
ond
deqdly
clows.
Allosourus
could
open
its
jows
for oport
ond
move
i
them
outwords
to

eqt
huge
'
*
{
chunks
of
flesh.
Tyronnosourus
rex
used
its
forword-focing
eyes
to see
exoctly
how
fff owoy
its
prey
wos
before
it ottocked.
Tyronnosourus
3#
rex's shorp
teeth
were
qbout
18 centimetres

long.
eosily
cotch
its
prey.
Deinonychus
used
its
rozor-shorp,
swivelling
toe clqws
to slosh
into the flesh of
dinosqurs.
By hunting
in
pocks,
Deinonychus
could
bring
down dinosours
much bigger
thon
itself.
T
Defence
Mony
plqttt-eqting
dinosours
hod

horns
or
spikes,
which
they
used
to
defend
themselves.
Others
simPlY
used
their
enormous
Srze
to
Score
owoy
enemies.
Edmontonio
hod shorP
spikes
olong
eoch
side
of
its body.
Tough,
bony
ridges

on
its bock
gove
it
more
protection.
Euoplocepholus
hqd o
lorge
club
qt
the
end
of
Tyronnosourus
rex
itS tOiI.
It coUld
bring
down
qn
qttqcker just
by
l.r,rr
ffi
giving
it oshorp
top
on
the

shin.
shorp
spikes
themselves
bigger.
Sgme
dinosqurs
could
reor up
ontd'their
two
bqck
legs
to
moke
II
Living together
Some
dinosours
lived
together.
Plont-eoters
often
lived
in
lorge
groups,
or
herds.
Some

meot-eoters
lived
in smoll
groups,
or
pocks.
A
few
dinosours
moy
hqve
even
communicctted
with
eoch
other.
ffi
Porqsqurolophus
could
moke o
trumpeting
sound
with
its
qir-filled
crest.
The
sound
moy
hove worned

other
dinosqurs
thqt
on
enemy
wos
neqr.
o-rms
of
dinosour
.
protecting eggs
I
I
F ossili
zed
nests show
us
thqt
boby
dinosours
stoyed
in their
nests
\<
for o
long
time.
This
moy

meon
thot
mother
dinosours
nurtured
their
young.
Hypsilophodon
t
Iived
in
herds.
eggs
{?r
-*r*mcgcElmli
\,,
Ii
20
2L
iI
DinoSo ur
hunting
Dinosour
fossils
hove
been
found
o11
over
the

world.
However,
it
is
very
unusuol
to
find o
complete
dinosour
skeleton.
Scientists
who
hunt
for ond
study
dinosctur
fossils
ore
colled
pqlqeontologists
Dinosour
fossils
ore
often
found
by
occident.
Roin
ond wind

con
weor
owoy
rock
to
show
fossils
beneqth
its
surfo"ce.
Fossils
ore
olso
found when
the
eqrth
crocks
open,
such
qs
during
on
eorthquoke.
Polqeontologists
cleon
up
fossils
ond
piece
them

together
to
moke
o dinosour's
skeleton.
(p
ay
-lee-
on-
r oLLo-ils
fs
)
.
The
most commonly
found
fossils
ore
bones,
clows
qnd
teeth.
Footprints,
nests
ond
even
dung
fossils
ctre
qlso

sometimes
found.
Tyronnosourus
rex
II
Dinosclur
ndmeS
ilteoning
Alberta
lizord
other
lizord
deceptive
lizord
qncient
wing
orm
lizord
whole lizord
elegont
jow
helmet
lizord
terrible
clow
double
beom
of
Edmonton
well

ormoured
heod
giqrrt
southern
lizord
Herrero's
lizord
high ridge
tooth
fish
lizord
iguona
tooth
lizord from
Momen
mouse lizord
egg
thief
thick-heoded
lizord
beside
Sourolophus
finger
reptile
of Solto
thorn
lizqrd
roof
lizord
three-horned

foce
wounding
tooth
tyrant
lizord
ultrq
lizord
quick plunderer
Dinosour
nomes ore
usuqlly
mqde
up
from
Lcrtin or
Greek
words.
Dinosours
ore
often
given
their
nomes becquse
of the
woy
they
look.
For exomple,
Tyronnosourus
meons

'tyront
ltzord'.
Opposite
is o
list of
otl the
dinosours
in
this
book.
It
tells
you
how
to
soy
their
nomes
ond
whcft
they
meolt.
Corythosourus,
the
helmet
lizqrd
Tricerotops
mectns
three-horned
foce

lllome
Albertosourus
Allosourus
Apotosourus
Archoeopter;m
Brochiosourus
Cetiosourus
Compsognothus
Corythosourus
Deinonychus
Diplodocus
Edmontonio
Euoplocepholus
Gigonotosourus
Herrerosourus
Hypsilophodon
Ichthyosourus
Iguonodon
Mamenchissurus
Mussaurus
Oviroptor
Poehycepholoscurus
Porqsourolophus
Pterosour
Soltoscurus
Spinosourus
Stegosaurus
Tricerotops
Troodon
Tyronnosourus

rex
Ultrqsourus
Velociroptor
soy
ol-esnt-oh-soRp-us
el-oh-soRE-us
qh-par-oh-sonn-us
ork-ee-oP'l-er-ix
BR.AK-ee-oh-soRn-us
ssn-tee-oh-soRp-us
KoMP-soh-xav-thus
ron-rith-oh-sonp-us
die-NoN-i-kus
di-pr,oH-doh-kus
ed-mon-tolln-ee-oh
you-
op-loh-snr'-oh-lus
g
i
g
-erv-oh
-toe-
soRE
-u
s
he-nnH-ro-sonE-us
hip-sih-los-foh-don
m-thi-oh-soRE-us
ig-wue-noh-don
MAH-men-chi-soRn-us

InUS-SORE-US
oHv-ih-nep-tor
PAK- e e
-
snr-
q-
loh
-
soRE
-u
s
pqr-
o-sonn-oh-loAF-us
tnnn-oh-soRE
selt-oh-soRE-us
spwn-oh-soRE-us
srnc-oh-sonE-us
try-snnna-tops
rnon-oh-don
tie-naN-oh-sone-us
rex
ULT.TO-SORE-US
vrl-o-si-nep-tor
24
I
25
Fontostic facts
O
Dinosour
hunters

look of
fossilized
dinosour
dung,
colled
coprolites,
to
find out
whot dinosours
qte.
O
Some
huge
plont-eoters,
such
os
Diplodocus
ond
Brochiosourus,
mqy
hqve
lived for
qbout
100
yeqrs.
Some
people
think
dinosqurs
become

extinct
when
o
meteor
hit the
Eqrth
ond
wiped
them
out.
Mqrty dinosqur
fossils
hove been
found
in Mongolio's
Gobi
Desert.
The
smqllest
dinosour
skeleton
ever
found
is
the
skeleton
of
o boby
dinosour
cqlled

Mussqurus,
or'mouse
lizqrd'.
It
cqn
fit
in the
pqlm
of
o
person's
hond.
o
'Dinosqur'
meons 'terrible
lizord'
in
Lcftin.
Smqll,
boneless
creotures
colled
qmmonites
died
out
with
the
dinosqurs.
Lots
of

ommonite
fossils
con
be
found todoy.
So
for, obout
700
different
kinds
of
dinosour
hqve
been
found.
Dinosqurs
usuolly
wqlked
on
their
toes,
just
like dogs,
cqts
ond
chickens.
A
pqd
of tissue
on

the
bqck
of the
dinosqur's
foot octed
os o
shock
qbsorber.
O
Dinosqur
fossils
hqve been
found
qll
over
the
world.
Perhops
there
ore some
where
you
live!
O
Ploces
where
dinosqur
fossils
hove been
found

South
Americo
il-s
rrl)
)
27
fu@@vfrest
Brqchiosqurus looked like
o
mossive
giroffe.
It
weighed
between 30
qnd
50 tonnes
-
the
some
os ten elephonts!
Am
o,zing
dinoso
vr
clwclrdS
Uomg@St
m@Gk
Momenchisourus
hqd the
longest

neck of
oll dinosours.
It
hod
19
bones
in its
neck,
which
wos
14
metres
long.
Thot's
obout
four
times
longer
thon
o
giroffe's neck!
Troodon
wos
probobly
the
brightest
dinosour.
For
its
body

size,
its
broin
wos
bigger
thqn
cmy
other
dinosour.
It
Iived
in
the
Cretqceous
period
ond wos
o
fierce
hunter.
U@wg@st
.ffiirffiirffii

Ultrosourus wos o
huge
plont-eqter
thot
lived in
the Jurqssic
Period.
It

wos
up to 39
metres
long
-
the
length
of
three buses!
m@mt@st
brcdn>\
Tyronnosourus
rex
Compsognothus
wos only
one
metre
long ond
weighed
obout
the
some
os
o chicken.
Although
it wos smoll,
it wos
o
fost, successful
hunter.

Gigonotosourus
wcrs the
biggest of
qll
meqt-eqting
dinosqurs.
It
wos
L4.3 metres
long. Thqt's
qbout qs
long
os cr
lorge lorry.
29
)i_
.,'-l.r
Closscr
ry
climote
-
the woy
the
weqther
is
over
o
long
period
of time.

communicate
-
to
'tqlk'
to onotheq
usuolly
through
noise or touch.
creSt
-
o
tuft of
feqthers,
fur
or skin
olong the
top of on
qnimol's
heod.
CretoceouS
-
the
lqst
period
of the
Mesozoic
ero,
obout
65-144
million

yeors
ogo.
digest
-
to breok
food down
in
the stomoch.
deceptive
-
to
give
the
wrong
ideo obout something.
extinct
-
to
hove died out.
fossils
-
bones
or other body
ports
found
in
the
ground.
herJ
-

o
lorge
group
of
plont-eoting
onimols
thot
live
ond
feed
together.
Jurossic
-
the
middle
period
of
the
Mesozoic ero, obout
L44-208
million
yeors
ogo.
Lotin
-
on old
longuoge
often
used by scientists
to

nome
onimqls
ond
plonts.
30
Mesozoicerd-qtime
between
65 ond
248
million
yeors
ogo
when
dinosours
lived on
Eorth.
meteot
-
o
lorge rock thqt
trqvels
through
spoce.
nurture
-
to
look ofter.
pack
-
o smoll

group
of
meot-eoting
onimqls of
the
some
type.
pdloeontologist
-
o scientist
who
studies
the
fossils
of
extinct
onimols.
plunderer
-
person
or onimol
thot steols
from others.
prey
-
qn
onimol
hunted
by
onother

for
food.
reptile
-
o cold-blooded
qnimol
whose body
temperoture
is
controlled
by
the temperoture
of the
sun,
crir or wqter
thqt surrounds
it.
survive
-
to
keep on
living.
Triossic
-
the
first
period
of
the
Mesozoic

ero,
qbout
208-248
million
yeors
o.go.
InCex
B
bqbies
bones
c
clows
L3,20,26
6,22,27,29
L6-L7,22,25
communicotion
20
crests
L3,2I,30
Cretqceous
period
8,
29,
30
F
food
7
,9,
10,
14-15,

L6-r7,26
fossils 6,20,22-23,
26-27,
30
tl
herds L3,20-21, 30
horns 13, 18,
24-25
J
jows
IL,
L6,25
Jurossic
period
8-9,
28, 30
t/l
meot-eoters 10-1L,
L6-I7,
20,28
Mesozoic ero 6, 8,
30
L5,29
20,22
P
pock
hunters L7,20
poloeontologists
22-23
plorrt-eoters

7,9,
L0,
14-L5, 18,
20,26,28
prey
16-17,
30
s
skeletons
L0,22-23,26
skin
6
spikes
18-19
T
toils
teeth
7,9,
10,
14, 18
10-11,
16, 22,25
Triossic
period
8, 30
n,
necks
nests
TT
31

lAsd abG)utu"u
Dlnoscturs
Frorn
food
qnd
fossils to
herds
qnd
horns, this
book
is
pdcked
with
foscinoting
fqcts for
qll
children
who
dre
mod
about
dinosdurs.
rtrt
la
'crz
I
1.71_rr I
l:-r: rl
lrerrql
l-,

rol
l'+rr,
I
t

"
CItl
l?irotes I
FH
this series:
mFl
tg:*:l
ls.f''l
FBI
l-3
Itn'rl
E!fl
Titles
in
tfi*d
b','gl
lo
,
/ ol
lr
oirl
loo
ol
l orl
I Dinoscurs I

ffil
[';ilSl
lrf,rf
Ff
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ltfrfrl
lrfffrfl
llfffrf I
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'fFrl
I-
' '*-61l
I Ballet I
l.rri'l
1
r.r1r
i I
I
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i'rf{
I
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i+
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children's
leorning
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