BTL VI MẠCH TƯƠNG TỰ THIẾT KẾ MẠCH ĐO TẦN SỐ có mạch chạy PROTEUS

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MỤC LỤC:
Chương 1%:YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYZZ<F

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PQRKJM2N7YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYZYYZZ:
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Chương 2%<;YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYZZZl^
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Chương 3%l`YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYla
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Chương 4%KJ8c.uYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYZZZF9
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CHƯƠNG 1
Tổng quan về mạch đo
I . LIỆT KÊ CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP ĐO TẦN SỐ
1. ĐO TẦN SỐ BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP BIẾN ĐỔI THẲNG
1.1:Tần số kế cộng hưởng điện từ
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1.2:Tần số kế cơ điện
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KJZ
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K1R13.TeNzM8o1N78[Ms3M1€K1SM13.Z
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QŒ83TVONDEDMc7M1Š8_c7TA8PQRZ
1.3: Tần số kế điện tử
3)8PQRKJN7V.VqNhRN78]
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n
Z
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A1L8UMs38PQRMPNONiMnSMN41f[N1L/Ms3M2M6.M1_814Z{
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f)PQRKJN7V.VqM1_1c.
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n
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n.M{8m8L8bNiMLB•.3NR8~<ZOK1OjB1D•.3~lTM2M6.M1_
8148\N7Z
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n
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NO‹
n
TANg.K7N1L/Ms3M2M6.M1_814'
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7
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1.4 :Tần số kế chỉ thị số
./UcdMs3E88PQRKJM1_814QRcNJEQRn.82•TAQRM1.K•
Ms38PQRMPNO‹
n
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NOZ
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c‹n•
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11B1PB1b81.MTO8_QR]3813NOTM1.K•Ms38o17.NOn•
2. ĐO TẦN SỐ BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP SO SÁNH
2.1: Tần số kế trộn tần
12B1SBNO88PcB12B1SBQOQS1]38PQRMs38o17.K1jOQS8
TA8PQRMs3ES/B1S8MQ.681tMD8PQRNkN418AMZK1ND8Q1U.MD8PQR
MPNO‹nT8o17.‹9Ms3ES/M1.‘NiMN.3TOf88PZ
‹n•’“‹9
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8
PQRKJ8MD81pNONiM8PQRM[8\<99„NJl9„8OK”81u8T8./J
N7Z
2.2 Tần số kế cộng hưởng điện
 PQRKJQVbM‰1[N7cE81U81R3ONNiM17.M1_1
M1[TA8PQRMPNOMj..m8o17.Z
L81SV3ONNiMB1S81781‡OM1_QRM3O168Ms3fM1_814M1[
8_c7TAV{513/SB>8O1781R3ONZPQRMPNONiMK1SMN3/8U
€ETzMs381J8f4V{8eEV3ON1OzMQ]VbfjQR13/Nm814ZTONp1{3
1iB]8PQRKJT.m8o17.MPNOZ
3. TẦN SỐ KẾ VẠN NĂNG SỬ DỤNG VI SỬ LÝ
E88PQRKJ17NLD81pNONiM1gNLci1%NO8PQRwNVV
n.TNOM1.K•Ms3E8Vk/n.8o17.TOZ
p81XM17T7MNOMSMNLci1Tu/MPB1j81XM17Ng.K1p81•.3
13/ES/8o1N2B1JZ
PQRKJf3OmEFB1P%
) 1P<f3OmEMSMffJNhM1.K•13/NVn.8o1U.TOHn58>811
K1Oj813Z
) 1Pl%f3OmETSMffJNhM1.K•TNVn.811EkQRZ
) 1PF%f3OmMSMTn]cdMNz8TO8PQRKJZ
•8LOfM138QRTA8QRKJ813/Nh83Vq8E‡M128e11D3Z
1PNiMcRTAMSMB1PK1SMf}MSM–H'—V•c7.wN43M1_TNg.K1pZ

II . TRÌNH BÀY VỀ NGUYÊN LÝ ĐO TẦN SỐ TRONG BÀI
1. Khái niệm:
PQRV{N7cQRcPV{N7NhM1g.8OE8N2T48135Q>
d17.8PQR%‹
2T4%„
2. Nguyên tắc đo tần số
9
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NiMNO8PQRMs3D8OK1Oj813<Q
1Oj813MPNpNOn.
'RcPV3ONMs3n.8OK1Oj813MPNO
e1lZQRn.V3ON8O<K1Oj813
1NDMD81pNJENiMQRn.V3ON8OK1Oj813<Q
III . TRÌNH BÀY VỀ CÁC MẠCH CHỨC NĂNG TRONG BÀI
1. Mạch tổ hợp
1.1 Mã hóa
k1D3TjEkK1MDen3cLTc868/J.8ONQRM1€83Z
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M@MD81pfoEu8Z1˜1LVqM1•NpNz88UM1O<MONwM1O<MO
wVqQR8OEkQRQ1TUw8O81N6.81p813Ow•./AMN™n31wNtw
T82•cM1OB1xBNwN•wV\8O3O81wmTJ8f•M81Q]
VbM1•TJ88y8wKo17.UNp•foEu813/B1•M8LB12cB1jEk1OSMSM
818Vq8O8e1fSOwZZY
OMSM1781RQRKpMjT081wES/8o1wMSMNNg.K1p8.•
M1‰13/V•c7.NiM8./gN13/n]coNg.B1j[VLQR17lM1_mE<T9w
MD1g.N8o17.M1_MD<f81NNg.K1pE[.mM1OELM1[
E•M<wmMD1g.NN43M1_1g.f8M1˜1L<<9<99NpHnSMN41N43
M1_8Of1AwmV•c7.VL1‡n]n.RES/M1O3Ko8XZ68MjMSM
8h1iBf8NDNiM‰cMSMEkQR5MOV‡>13/EkZ&ELM18LO3MSMEkQR‰c
ELM1Ek1OS5cuBEk%‡MOV‡>Z

1.2 Bộ mã hóa nhị phân – thập phân ( bộ mã hóa BCD)
Ek1D314)81uBB1vcELM1N7MD17ETbM1./p<9M1•QR1781uBB1v
811Ek1714B1vZ~LEk/M{NiM‰cEk~
jM1vcofEk1D3~
10
2. Mạch giải mã
LM1jEkcELM1MDM1•M?iMcLTAELM1Ek1OS8•McJ.MD<
EkQRSBTOšTO81e82•QŒMD<š3NiM8SMNwEkšTO
81o812Ekš3Z681UšTOM1OB1xBB1jNiMfu8cUM1OM1•M
?jEkZLM1jEkNiM•VbM1o18O1xBKU1V•c7.w1p814
c‡V^NOLwjEkN43M1_f1AZ
lZ<ZjEk~Q3c‡V^NOL
8VLELM1jEkK1SM6813/Q]Vb8O1p814c‡V^NOLNDcELM1
jEk~Q3c‡V^NOLZLM1/B1•M8LB121g.QOTAELM1jEk
~Q381uBB1vNkD[B1P8AMf[TeELM1K1/B1jM1O38h1iBMD
1g.š3cUM3On.R816B1258.•cOLN™c‡V3OV‡M1.13/M381OV‡
M1.>NpcEMSMNOLc‡VMP81J8QS8LOUMSMQR13/Ko8XZ
AM1J81k/n‡E•.3M6.8€MTcOLN™c‡V^NOLMs3E8QRN™NiMM6.8LO
f[^NOLc‡VMDM1.3OV‡5">13/M381OV‡5>›NiMQyBnJB1e1QR`
T.511e18U>O3M{MD<c‡VMONiMNz8cEV6.B1‘/81uBB1v
M1OQR17814›DNiMNg.K1pUf78K1•.3ELM1jEkZSMM1v
3Ms3c‡VNiMQyBnJB811l1M1v[•3E|1M1vc"M1.13/
M1.Z1•8XQyBnJBM1OlcOL18e1f/[VANv/%
11
e1FZ6.8€MTM1v3Ms3<VLc‡V^NOL
pN™c‡V1p814<QRO81eMSM8131c‡V82•B1jQScUwVONDwMSM
8131c‡VNg.B1jNiMB1vMXMf[MSMN78[K1Oj<`9NJFa9O1ETA
.mM6BM1.‘81c=&ZjEkQŒMD17ETbRMSMM1v3wfwZZMs3
c‡Vn.RE3QQ13/cU.m58.•"M1.13/M1.>Z
3. Mạch dãy

LM1Vk/cELM1cOMMDMSMB1P8]1ANiM8LOf[MSMELM1cu8TMSM
ELM1cOMM2fjTMSMfJ3Ms3ELM1K1M1_B1b81.MTO8h1iBfJ
TOEM{B1b81.MTOMj8L81S178LMs3ELM1Z
1311T81311V4M1
1311cVk/ELM11AMDM1•M?c.•VMc7.1OzMfJNh
V•c7.QR8\R8JBQ3QOQOTiMcLZE|ELM1cu8M1_c.
•NiM<f8wTu/81311Vf3O1U.f8B1j8LO8\f6/1U.
ELM1cu8Z
13111uV•c7.QOQO
LM1M1R8V•c7. 1V4M1
FZlZNJE
NJEc81J8f4NJENiMQRn.M]3TOwNP.3Ms3fNJEcQRcin.
NJENiMZ
)NJE14B1vNmf)NJE81uBB1vNmf
;ZLM1V3ONZLM1V3ONNiM•Vb681g.8OMSM81J8f4N78]w1ELM1
V3ON8OK1R’3VOw8OfKU1TEP.wLM1V3ON8LO
n.V{wn.E18OTw8LOQD1e1QM1O&n]cd1OL8NT
TZZZ
LM1V3ON1e1'Z
LM1V3ONN31Z
LM1V3ON1‚8Z
LM1V3ONVqZ
12
13
CHƯƠNG 2
Thiết kế mạch đo tần số
I . THIẾT KẾ SƠ ĐỒ KHỐI VÀ CÁC LINH KIỆN CÓ TRONG MẠCH ĐO
1.1: Thiết kế sơ đồ khối về đo tần số và chuyển thang đo
14
Mạch

đếm
Start
Stop
Chuyển
thang đo
(mode)
Chia tần
Khối
nguồn
Bộ tạo
xung
vuông
Chốt thời
gian
Mạch giải
mã
Hiển thị
ra LED 7
đoạn
D81pM13Q2NmK1R811lB1P%
+ 1P8LOn.T.
+ 1PNOT1p814KJ8•.j
1.2 : Thiết kế phần tạo xung
1.2.1: Tạo xung vuông
Of83Q]Vb===Np8LOn.T.
1.2.1.1 IC 555
e1=%M6.8LOTMSMM1vc1K7===
===cE8cOLc1K7K1ScB1hfJfv/TAT7MV0V8LONiMn.T
.
TMD81p813/Nh8PQR8q/81oM1wTAQ2NmELM1N2jwNg.M1JNiMNn.Z

DNiM•Vb1P.1J8TOMSMELM18LOn.NDMy813/c1•ELM1V3ON
K1SM
1v<5~>%1vM1ORE3QQ‡Npc6/V{Z
1vl5‡>%1vQOSBTAE•MSBM1.‘c<ŽFE•M.m.Z
1vF5!.8B.8>%1vj3w8o17.8UM1vFM<VLn.wK1[E•MSB816B
81e[E•MSBM3OZ
1v;5‡Q‡8>%1vnSMcuB8L81S1ˆTAE•MSB8UM1vF[E•M816Bw13/1OL8
15
NZ
1v=5O8Oc&Oc83‡>%1vcE813/NhE•MSBM1.‘8O===Z
1v:51‡Q1OcV>%1vQOSBTAE•MSBM1.‘clŽFE•M.m.Z
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1v`5&>%1vRTON.m&“Z===cET7MTAE•M.m8\FNJ
<=&Z
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1.2.1.2 Thiết kê mạch tạo xung vuông bằng IC 555
e1:%ELM1BO8.Q8LOn.T.f}===
1.2.2 Tính toán để tạo ra tần số tùy ý
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M1./pMSMVLn.TgVLn.T.Np81.u87M1OT7MNONLM
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ToVb%8LO3n.=K„
M1‰l•3•f•l99Kž
‹•=999„
16
B128e1%
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=•<9ŸF•
• •
•9Z=^•<9Ÿ)a’•9Z=^’
1.3 Thiết kê phần đo và hiển thị
1.3.1 Các linh kiện có trong khối đo đạc và hiển thị
1. œ~^8131%^'œ¡¢<¡"
2. N7E%^;F^;
3. NJE81uBB1v%;9<^
4. LM1NJENmf%;=<`
5. LM18oM11iBfjEk^NOL%;=;F
6. OLT%^;9`
7. jEk~Q31‡n%^;;^
8. LM18oM11iB%^;^;
9. SMMhcOM%"~Cl›!Cl›!C;›!›!Cl›!C;Z
10. €8f6E%H!
11. ~!~œ
12. OMQ838‡
13. 78[%œ'
1.3.1.1 LED 7 thanh
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wNiMVq1c<MMb1p814N2j168Z
Oœ~^8131f3OmEo8168c^MOœ~EyMcLTA13.wTeTu/EMD8Uc
œ~^NOLcTu/w^œ~N2NiMEyMQ3OM1ODMD81p1p814NiMMSMQR8\9)aw
T<TM1•MS81VbwNpB1vMSM181e83M{Vq81UE<c‡VN2Np1p
814V6.M16E5VO8>Z
17
SMc‡VN2cPci8NiM‰8U81‡OM1•MS")))~)œ)’)wTV6.
M16EVO8Z
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QS1EOE.RZ

£Vb% LEDNiMVqNpcEfB1u1p8148OMSM81J8f4N7wN7
8]wN™•.jMSOw838owN™3O81Z
D1UM•.TgMSMcOLœ~MDNQS82N2TAfDN™f}K1o
‡OZ™M1J.QSf}œ~NiMM1OcMDMSM.NpE1‰1‚wfgw8J8K7E
?ciZ
SMœ~B1S83831mOLNiMVq8OMSM81J8f4Ng.K1p8\n3M1O
NmN78]VvVbZ

e1^%M6.8€MMs3œ~^8131
1.3.1.2 IC đếm thập phân 4017 (chia tần số)
;9<^Np8LO3fNJE81uBB1v
18
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OL8N%
) 1v<;5>1un.Z
) 1v5<wlwFw;w=w:w^w<<w<9wa>5¤
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n.TOwE8M1vQxNiMN3cUE•MM3OE8MSM18.P8XwMSMM1vM{cL[
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) 1v<l5!>%O=n.NP.58\¤
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19
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1.3.1.3 Khối tín hiệu cho phép đếm và dừng đếm
20
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Ms3MhcE•M816B9TK1NL8E•MM3O81eELM1QŒV\Z
1.3.1.4 Cổng NOT (inverter - bộ đảo)
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5iMcL>Ms3šTO%¤•!"Zh!M1_MD81pMDE8š3Z8
Mh!M@MD81pNiM‰cfNjOZ

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e1<9%Ko17.Ms3Mh!8UBO8.Q
1.3.1.5 Cổng AND
š3¤[E•MM3OJ.šTO"¦"~¦šTONg.[E•MM3O5R1
1v"TA>%¤•""~Z8Mh"~MD81pMD131OzM1g.šTOZ
š3Ms3D[E•MM3OJ.868MjMSMšTO[E•MM3OZ

21
e1<<%KoK7.Mh"~8UBO8.Q
1.3.1.6 IC đệm 74HC374
`)8’cB’cOB1BZLM1E8jE8`)f8~)8/B‡‹cB‹cOBMDM1•M?KpE
QOS8NP.3§!¨Z!KpEQOS8NP.3O8‡E)XMMs3MSMM1vZ8M3OcOM
8UMSMM1v!fJMj13fDfSVWMs38O8‡EMXM3TcEM1OMSMKJ8•.j
NP.38O8L81S8[K1SM3Ow8OK1E•M816B8UV{!M1OB1xBMSM
KJ8•.j1OL8Nfe181Z8^;ZF^;Z.d}fN7ENP.TONm1m
MD81pMDE8NP.TOKoM11OL8'M1E88Z./1UQ2Nm8UK11p814E8
M1OE8^;ZF^;Z
e1<l%M6.8€MMSMM1vMs3N7E^;F^;
1v<%~M1vM1‰1AV•c7.%J.~•<81eB.8"TO.8B.8TiM
cLTA~•9›
1vl• M1va%"9• "^V383ŽO.8B.8B1b81.MTOM1v~
1v<9%~
1v<<• <`%^• 9V383ŽO.8B.8B1b81.MTOM1v~
1v<a%!œM1vM1OB1xB8oM1MXM[E•M9ZJ.9œ•981eMn.68V•c7.iMcL
!œ•<wM6E
1vl9%&
1•M?%7EV•c7.lM1g.w81•Vb8OMSMELM1Q]Vbc‡V
1•.x8c‡VE38nwc‡V^w1OzMN7EV•c7.8Uf.QTAMSMELM1Q]Vb1g.
c1K7EyMQOQO
22

1.3.1.7 Mạch giải mã 4543 ,đếm đồng bộ 4518 và mạch lật 7474
e1<F%M6.8€MMSMM1vMs3ELM1jEk;=;F
LM1MD;kTOM1OQR~T^k381oM1•TAMSMkTO3wfwMwVw‡w‹w
Ms3c‡V^N‰3wQ3OM1OMSMN‰3M1S/QS8LONiMQR81uBB1vN€TAEk~[
kTOZ
jQX81u8Ms3ELM1jEk^NOLwMDk38SMN816B%
j;Z:
23
~qj33.11OzMMD81pN2j8XM8JBTAMSM1EM1•3o88h1iBw83MDKJ8
•.j%
1.3.1.8 Bộ giải mã sang hệ thập phân 4518 và IC 7474
;=<`NiMQ]VbB1hfJ168NpM13PQR(hoặc đếm Xung) 1ELM18Rj
VANv/(được gọi là mạch đếm không đồng bộ)%
e1<;%M6.8€MMSMM1vfjEkQ31781uBB1v
O NDw š TO NP.8UcOMKB.8NiMNJEf}Q¢.
cU(chuyển từ mức thấp lên mức cao)8•MccOMKB.8NiMN3TOM1v
cOMKTM1vœ3fc‡NiMRcUV2.mM{868MjMSMELM1NJE8JB
81‡ONg.NJEf}Q¢.n.R(chuyển từ mức cao xuống mức thấp)8•Mc
¢.NJE[š3M.RMqMs38P8AMQŒNiMN3TOM1vœ3fc‡Ms3
8PQ3.TMSMM1vcOMKMs3MSM8PNJEQ3.Ng.NiMRn.RvE.mZ
24
1.3.1.9 Mạch lật :’’cELM1MDK1j?cu8cL8L81Sš38.•81‡OQX8SM
N81oM11iBMs3šTOwNg./MDd1ˆ3•.38‰8OT7Mc.8•V•c7.
8OELM1Tn.68V•c7.3K1MPZ
D1g.cOL‹cB‹cOBK1SM13.wM1€NiMQ]Vbk8O1g.•VbZ
SMELM1’’81NiMKo17.1Q3.
e1<=%d17.’’
J.MSMšTOQŒ•./J8N41š3cMSe81ešNm1mMKcLM1_3}K1O
EAMDQX813/NhNDZ1vKMD81p8SMNE•M816B13/E•MM3O8.•TOM6.8€M
fU8OMs38\’’wVONDTAE8’’MRN4181eM1_MDE8Kp.8SMNT

M1_E8E81R
jQX81u8^;^;%
25