Tài liệu anh văn grammar exercise

Lesson 1: TENSES
VERBS
Động từ được dùng để làm hành động cho chủ từ. Để phân biệt các loại động từ (kinds of verbs), chúng ta
hãy quan sát sơ đồ dưới đây:
Auxiliary verb : (do, have, be)
Special verb :
Modal verb : (must, can, may, might, could, should …)
Verb :
Regular verb : (open, close, clean, remember…)
Ordinary verb :
Irregular verb : (run, write, speak, drive…)
Động từ tiếng Anh có hai loại: động từ đặc biệt (special verb) và động từ thường (ordinary verb).
(1) Động từ đặc biệt gồm có:
* Động từ thường (auxiliary verb) :be (dùng để chia các thì tiếp diễn, thể bị động), have (thường dùng
để chia các thì hoàn thành), do dùng để chia các thể phủ định và nghi vấn).
- He is working hard this month. (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
- The house was built five years ago. (thể bị động)
- He has learned English for two years. (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
- Do you like tea ? (thể nghi vấn)
- She does not like coffee. (thể phủ định)
* Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb): cần phải có động từ theo sau.
- We must study hard.
- He can play the piano.
Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt là khi đổi sang thể phủ định ta chỉ cần thêm NOT vào sau các
động từ đó và khi đổi sang thể nghi vấn ta đưa các động từ đó ra đầu câu.
e.g: - He is not working hard this month.
- Is he working hard this month ?
- He has not found his book.
- Have you seen her yet ?
- She cannot swim.
- Should we go there ?

(2) Động từ thường gồm có:
* Động từ có quy tắc (regular verb): là động từ khi thành lập quá khứ đơn (simple past) hay quá khứ
phân từ, ta chỉ cần thêm –ED vào sau động từ đó.
- I opened the door this morning. (simple past )
- I have opened the door. (past participle)
* Động từ bất quy tắc (irregular verb): là động từ có hình thức quá khứ và quá khứ phân từ khác
nhau (cột 2 và 3 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc)
to go went gone
to write wrote written
to run ran run
to hit hit hit
E.g: - He went to the cinema last night. (simple past )
- He has gone out. (past participle)
Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm là khi đổi sang thể phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải dùng trợ động từ
“to do”. Ta thêm NOT vào sau các trợ động từ thể phủ định và đưa trợ động từ ra trước chủ ngữ nếu ở thể
nghi vấn.
e.g: - He did not go to the pub last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night ?
- I do not like tea.
- Do you enjoy classical music ?
- She does not know the answer.
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- Does he understand the lesson ?
* Động từ “to do” vừa là động từ thường vừa là trợ động từ
e.g: - He does his homework. (động từ thường)
- He does not understand the lesson. (trợ động từ)
SIMPLE PRESENT (thì hiện tại đơn)
Công thức:
* TO BE
 I + am

He/ She/ It, danh từ số ít + is
We/ they/ you, danh từ số nhiều + are
E.g: He is at home now
He is not at home now.
Is he at home now?
* TO VERB
 I/ We/ they/ you, danh từ số nhiều + V
I/ We/ they/ you, danh từ số nhiều + do not + V
 He/ She/ It, danh từ số ít + V
S/ES
He/ She/ It, danh từ số ít + does not + V
Cách sử dụng
- Dùng để diễn đạt thói quen ở hiện tại
e.g: I walk to school every day.
She watches TV everynight
- Dùng để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự thật hiển nhiên
e.g: Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom. (không có gì quý hơn độc lập tự do)
- Dùng để chỉ các hiện tượng thiên nhiên, các quy luật vật lý.
E.g: - The sun rises in the east. (mặt trời mọc ở phía đông)
* CHÚ Ý:
+ Thì Hiện tại đơn thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như: feel, see,
hear …. và các động từ chỉ trạng thái như: know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need,
want, remember, recognize, believe ……
+ Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Hiện tại đơn với động từ: appear, belong, have to ….
+ Thì Hiện tại đơn còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lặp đi lặp lại (Adverbs of frequency)
như: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never…
E.g: - That child needs care.
- This book belongs to me.
- He never comes late.
Bài tập 1: Chuyển các câu dưới đây sang thể phủ định và nghi vấn

E.g: They ride the bike to the field
→ They don’t ride the bike to the field
→ Do they ride the bike to the field?
1/She feeds the animals.
2/We take photos.
3/Sandy does the housework every Thursday.
4/The boys have two rabbits.
5/Simon reads English books.
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(+) S + is/ am/ are + O
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + O
(?) Is/ Am/ Are(not) + S + O ?
(+) S + V/ V
S/ES
+ O
(-) S + do/does not + V + O
(?) Do/ does (not) + S + V + O ?
6/He listens to the radio every evening.
7/Anne is the best singer of our school.
8/The children are at home.
9/The dog runs after the cat.
10/Lessons always finish at 3 o'clock.
11/ I write a letter every week.
12/ A mountain-bike costs a lot of money.
13/ We like hamburgers.
14/ They make good ice cream.
15/ My friend takes tennis lessons.
16/ Sandra eats a hot dog every day.
17/ We speak too fast.
18/ They often watch video films.

19/ She puts popcorn in the pan.
20/ He goes to school by bus everyday.
Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất
1. I ……………. a student.
A. are B. is C. am D. aren’t
2. My father excuses when I feel like going to the cinema.
A. make always B.always make C. always makes D. is always makes
3. His students ……………. German in class.
A. doesn’t speak B. don’t speaks C. don’t speak D. aren’t speak
4. She ……………. six years old.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t is C. not is D. aren’t
5. John books.
A. reads sometimes B. sometimes read
C. read sometimes D. sometimes reads
6. The flowers watered by Bob.
A. are normally B. normally are C. normally is D. is normally
7. ___by Bob who……………. in Turkey at the moment.
A. is B. are C. am D. does
8. Danny ……………. his father on Sundays.
A. phons B. phones C. phone D. phonees
9. My husband and his colleague golf whenever they are not too busy.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. is playing
10. I what you mean.
A. doesn't know B. not know C. don't know D. am not know
11. John ……………. in the supermarket
A. works B. working C. work D. are worked
12. John always on time for meetings.
A. arrive B. arrives C. are arriving D. is arriving
13. Barbara usually dinner for her husband after work.
A. cook B. cooks C. are cooking D. is cooking

14. My parents normally breakfast at 7:00 a.m.
A. eat B. eats C. are eating D. is eating
15. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons to work together every day.
A. drive B. drives C. are driving D. is driving
16. It …………. almost everyday in Manchester
A. rain B. rains C. raining D. is rains
17. We …………. to Spain every summer
A. fly B. flies C. are fly D. flying
18. The bank ……… at four o’clock.
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A. closies B. closes C. close D. closees
19. Jo is so smart that she ………… every exam without even trying
A. pass B. passes C. passing D. passies
20. My life is so boring. I just ………. TV every night.
A. watches B. am watch C. watch D. watching
21. I ……………. in a bank
A. work B. works C. working D. worked
22. She ……… in Florida
A. live B. living C. lives D. is lives
23. My mother ………………. eggs for breakfast every morning
A. fry B. fries C. frys D. are lives
24. My best friend …………… to me every week
A. write B. is writes C. writes D. writing
25. John ………… very hard in class, but I don’t think he’ll pass the course
A. try B. trying C. tries D. trys
26. Do you ……………chocolate milk?
A. like B. likes C. likeing D.likees
27. He ……………… to come to the movies.
A. don’t want B. doesn’t want
C. don’t wants D. doesn’t wants

28. …………….we too late to catch the bus?
A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Do
29. It …………… a beautiful day today.
A. are B. am C. is D. does
30. Sorry, Lisa ……………….not here at the moment.
A. are B. is C. am D. is does
31. …………….I correct?
A. Are B. Is C. Am D. Do
32. Robert ……………… to my school.
A. don’t go B. doesn’t goes
C. don’t goes D. doesn’t go
33. My parents ………… in a 2 bedroom apartment.
A. live B. lives C. living D. do live
34. We ……………. European.
A. do be B. be are C. is D. are
35. You …………… so happy today!
A. looks B. looking C. look D. does look
36. I ………………… tea.
A. like B. am liking C. likes D. to like
37. What ………………… this word ………………… ?
A. does mean B. is meaning
C. do … mean D. does … means
38. I ………………… to go to the movies.
A. don't want B. am not wanting C. doesn’t want D. is want
39. Nobody ……………. up early for fun.
A. gets B. is getting
C. are getting D. get
40. Lisbon and Oporto ………………cities in Portugal.
A. am B. are C. is D. be are
41. Michael Jackson ……………… a singer.

A. is B. are C. be D. isn’t
42. George Bush ………………. from Italy.
A. leave B. leaving C. do leave D. leaves
43. What ……………… your name?
A. be is B. be are C. is D. are
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44. Spain ……………… in Europe.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
45. …………………you from Spain? Yes, I am.
A. are B. be C. am D. is
46. Tony Blair and Paul McCartney ………………British.
A. am B. are C. is D. be are
47. How old …………… your sister?
A. is B. are C. she D. am
48. She ……………….a nurse! She is a doctor.
A. are B. is C. aren’t D. am
49. Demi Moore and Sharon Stone ……………….actresses.
A. am B. are C. is D. be are
50. Then he ………………… to have a shower before breakfast.
A. goes B. go C. is going D. are going
Bài tập 3: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với thì Hiện tại đơn
1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ She always (cook) in the mornings.
3/ She (go) to school every day.
4/ It (rain) very much in the summer.
5/ Bad students never (work) hard.
6/ He generally (sing) in English
7/ Honesty (be) the best policy.
8/ The earth (go) round the sun.
9/ Two and two (make) four.

10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30.
11/ She sometimes (buy) vegetables at his market.
12/ We always (do) our exercises carefully.
13/ It (be) very cold now.
14/ I (need) some money for my textbooks.
15/ Tom (like) to go to the museums.
16/ We computers. (not use)
17/ They're not very good students, they ………….their homework. (not do)
18/ He to work, he always drives. (not walk)
19/ Mr Bean German in London. (not teach)
20/ His students German in class. (not speak)
21/ He his job, it's boring. (not like)
22/ They in a small flat. (not live)
23/ She German on Mondays. (not study)
24/ I breakfast at 8.00 am. (not eat)
25/ I from home. (not work)
26/ He ……………………. the laptop. (to repair)
27/ Walter and Frank ……………………. hello. (to say)
28/ The cat ……………………. under the tree. (to sit)
29/ You ……………………. water. (to drink)
30/ She ……………………. the lunchbox. (to forget)
31/ I ……………………. (not stay) at home.
32/ We ……………………. (not wash) the family car.
33/ Doris ……………………. (not do) her homework.
34/ They ……………………. (not go) to bed at 8.30 pm.
35/ Kevin ……………………. (not open) his workbook.
36/ Our hamster ……………………. (not eat) apples.
37/ You ……………………. (not chat) with your friends.
38/ She ……………………. (not use) a ruler.
39/ Max, Frank and Steve ……………………. (not skate) in the yard in the morning.

40/ The boy never……………………. (not throw) stones.
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41/ We ……………………. our dog. (to call)
42/ Emma sometimes ……………………. in the lessons. (to dream)
43/ They ……………………. at birds as usual. (to look)
44/ John ……………………. home from school. (to come)
45/ I often ……………………. my friends. (to meet)
46/ ………………. Ken often ……………………. the school bus? (to miss)
47/ The poster ……………………. on the wall anymore. (not/to hang)
48/ ……………………. for the tickets? (you/to pay)
49/ I ……………………. stones. (not/to throw)
50/ ………………. the bells of your church still …………………….? (to ring)
51/ Anne ……………………. my questions. (not/to answer)
52/ ………………. they ……………………. tomatoes in this shop? (to sell)
53/ This girl ……………………. trousers at school. (not/to wear)
54/ ……………………. Mr Barker ……………………. Physics? (to teach)
55/ The guinea pigs ……………………. under the desk. (not/to hide)
56/…………………. Ken often ……………………. the school bus? (to miss)
57/ He ……………… the picture anymore. (not/to hang)
58/……………………. the daily tickets? (you/to buy)
59/The boys …………………….on the stones. (not/to paint)
60/…………. you ………… every night? (to call)
61/He …………………….in the lake. (to swim)
62/Andrew and Colin …………………….muffins. (to make)
63/Simon …………………….a letter. (to write)
64/They …………………….pictures. (to swap)
65/Kathy …………………….with Bob at every party. (to dance)
66/You rarely ………………homework before dad comes home. (to finish)
67/I …………………….a shower. (to take)
68/We …………………….money for new computer. (to save)

69/She …………………….the grass. (to cut)
70/The teacher …………………….his bike. (to ride)
71/Alexander …………………….a film. (to watch)
72/We …………………….a computer game. (to play)
73/The dog …………………….at the cat. (to bark)
74/Peter …………………….his rabbits. (to feed)
75/Philipp and Johnny …………………….a song. (to sing)
76/Mary …………………….her hair. (to wash)
77/I …………………….to Doris. (to talk)
78/Peggy …………………….a picture. (to draw)
79/Henry and his sister …………………….their mother. (to help)
80/You …………………….the poem by heart. (to learn)
81/The teacher …………………….the door. (not/to close)
82/…………………….you …………………….the washing-up? (to do)
83/They …………………….the printers. (to check)
84/…………………….your grandmother …………………….at birds? (to look)
85/We …………………….the checkpoint. (not/to pass)
86/…………………….they …………………….to help? (to try)
87/She …………………….to the centre of the town. (not/to walk)
88/……………….the policemen …………………….into the bank? (to run)
89/ Steve's mother usually …………………….a cup of coffee. (to make)
90/You …………………….the words correctly. (not/to link)
91/He …………………….her name. (not/to shout)
92/We …………………….nice photos. (to take)
93/…………………….Phil …………………….the exercise? (to explain)
94/What …………………….you …………………….here? (to do)
95/I …………………….on the sofa. (not/to sit)
96/The cat …………………….on the carpet. (not/to lie)
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97/…………………….they …………………….to radio now? (to listen)

98/The eagle …………………….the mouse. (to catch)
99/Why …………………….Ruth …………………….for money? (to ask)
100/The boys …………………….into the pool. (not/to dive)
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Công thức:
e.g: She is doing her homework
She isn’t doing her homework
Is she doing her homework?
Cách sử dụng:
- Dùng để diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra vào thời điểm hiện tại. Thời điểm này được xác định cụ thể
bằng một số phó từ như : now, right now, today, at this time, at this moment, at present, presently, this +
time (e.g: this week, this month… ).
- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai gần và thường đi kèm với trạng từ
chỉ tương lai như: tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, … (đặc biệt là trong văn nói).
e.g:
The president is trying to contact his advisors now. (present time)
We are flying to Paris next month. (future time)
Bài tập 1: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất
1. John at this moment.
A. arrive B. arrives C. are arriving D. is arriving
2. This week Barbara is away on business so Tom dinner for himself.
A. cook B. cooks C. are cooking D. is cooking
3. Today they ……………………… to Ho Chi Minh City to study medicine college
A. drive B. drives C. are driving D. is driving
4. At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they breakfast much later.
A. eat B. eats C. are eating D. is eating
5. My husband and his colleague golf right now.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. is playing
6. What ………………… with my coat?
A. do you do B. are you doingC. does you do D. are you do

7. We …………………. with my sister whenever we go to Chicago.
A. stay B. are staying C. stays D. is staying
8. They ………………. to finish the race now.
A. are trying B. is trying
C. try D. tries
9. What happens in golf when you ……………?
A. play B. is playing C. are playing D. plays
10. What ………………… at? - A strange bird.
A. do you look B. are you looking
C. does you looking D. are you look
11. Look! She ……………………. the same shoes as me.
A. wears B. is wearing C. are wearing D. wear
12. We ………………… for a new house.
A. look B. are looking C. is looking D. looks
13. Who is that man over there that Kelly ………………… to?
A. talks B. is talking C. are talking D. talk
14. John lives and works in Florida but he …………… a holiday in England at the moment.
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(+) S + is/ am/ are + Ving + O
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + Ving + O
(?) Is/ Am/ Are(not) + S + Ving + O ?
A. is having B. are having C. has D. have
15. I wonder why the neighbor's dog ………… again. Maybe there is a burglar!
A. barks B. bark C. is barking D. are barking
16. He ……………… now because he won the lottery last year.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t work
C. don’t work D. aren’t working
17. Why ……………… English this year?
A. are you learning B. do you learn
C. are you learnt D. does you learn

18. I …………with my sister for a month because she is pregnant and I can help her.
A. live B. lives C.is leaving D. am living
19. Tell me - what ……………………. That way, I will recognise you at the station.
A. you arewearning B. do you learn
C. you is wear D. does you wear
20. Jane is in the kitchen and very stressed! She …………… dinner for 20 people
A. is cooks B. cooks C. is cooking D.are cooking
21. You look busy. What you ?
A. are/ doing B. were/ doing
C. did/ do D. have/ been doing
22. I …………………. my dinner right now.
A. have B. had C. am having D. having
23. We ……………. to a fancy restaurant tonight.
A. are going B. go C. went D. had gone
24. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John …………………
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. sleeping
25. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) …………………
A. rains B. rained C. is raining D. rain
26. John at this moment.
A. arrive B. arrives C. are arriving D. is arriving
27. This week Barbara is away on business so Tom dinner for himself.
A. cook B. cooks C. are cooking D. is cooking
28. Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons to work separately because Mr. Parsons has to go to a meeting at
another branch.
A. drive B. drives C. are driving D. is driving
29. At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they breakfast much later.
A. eat B. eats C. are eating D. is eating
30. My husband and his colleague golf right now.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. is playing
31. I ………………… to my teacher now.

A. talks B. talk C. is talking D. am talking
32. John …………… football at the moment.
A. play B. is playing C. are playing D. plays
33. Look! Mandy and Susan …………… a film on TV.
A. watches B. is watching C. are watching D. watch
34. Now the sun ……………
A. is shining B. shines C. shine D. are shining
35. Listen! The band ………………… the new guitar.
A. are testing B. tests C. test D. is testing
36. Listen! Sandy ……………… in the bathroom.
A. sings B. is singing C. are singing D. sing
37. My mother ………………. breakfast now.
A. makes B. is makes C. are making D. is making
38. …………………… text messages at the moment?
A. Are they sending B. Do they send
C. Do they sending B. Are they send
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39. Look! The boys ……………… home.
A. are coming B. comes C. come D. is coming
40. I …………… a cup of tea now.
A. have B. has C. is having D. am having
41. …………………. in the pool right now?
A. Are the boy swim C. Is the boy swim
C. Is the boy coming D. Do the boy come
42. I …………… with my friend at the moment.
A. am chatting B. chats C. chat D. is chatting
43. Look, they ……………….to church!
A. runs B. run C. is running D. are running
44. Now, you …………………a letter.
A. are writing B. writes C. write D. am writing

45. Right now, mother ……………… in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. is cooking C. cook D. are cooking
46. Look, the monkey ……………. a banana!
A. eats B. eat C. is eating D. are eating
47. We ………………… at the moment.
A. watch B. are watching C. is watching D. watches
48. Look, They ……………… their breakfast!
A. has B. is having C. are having D. have
49. At the moment father ………………. a little red car.
A. drives B. is driving C. are driving D. drive
50. Look, the two little penguins …………….!
A. swims B. swim C. is swimming D. are swimming
51. The children …………………their breakfast now.
A. eats B. eat C. is eating D. are eating
52. Look! Sally and Joe ………………….tennis.
A. is playing B. are playing C.plays D. play
53. Nelly ………………….a cup of tea every morning.
A. drinks B. drink C. is drinking D. are drinking
54. We can’t play tennis. It …………………. now.
A. is rains B. rain C. is raining D. rains
55. Bill ………………his homework at the moment.
A. are doing B. is doing C. do D. does
56. Listen! Phil ……………….an English song.
A. sings B. is singing C. are singing D. sing
56. Michael can’t play football. He ………………. guitar at the moment.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. are playing
57. Listen! Ann …………… the piano.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. are playing
58. What are you doing? I ……………….a model plane.
A. makes B. is making C. am making D. make

59. What …………………………… tonight?
A. do you do B. are you doing C. does you do D. is you doing
60. Where…………………………… now?
A. is she goes B. is she goingC. are she doing D. is she go
Bài tập 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1/ My mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present.
2/It (rain) …………… now.
3/ The student (look) up that new word now.
4/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep)
5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment.
6/ Miss Helen (read) a newspaper now.
7/ Look. A man (run) …………. after the train. He (want) ……… to catch it.
8/ John (travel) to England tomorrow.
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9/ I (leave) the city for weekend now.
10/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now.
11/ I (see) you wear your best clothes.
12/ We (look) …………… the sunset at this time.
13/ My friend (study) English at present.
14/ Listen. Someone (knock) ……………… at the front door.
15/ I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) ……………. that I
(know) how to use it now.
16/ Today he (sing) in Spanish.
17/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer.
18/The teacher …………………….the door at current. (not/to close)
19/Look! Steve's mother …………………….a cup of coffee. (to make)
20/ Presently you …………………….the words correctly. (not/to link)
21/He …………………….a film right now. (to watch)
22/We …………………….a computer game now. (to play)
23/Look at that dog. It …………………….at the cat. (to bark)

24/At the moment he …………………….his rabbits. (to feed)
25/They …………………….a song at her birthday party tomorrow. (to sing)
26/She …………………….her hair now. (to wash)
27/I …………………….to Doris at present. (to talk)
28/She …………………….a picture now. (to draw)
29/They …………………….their mother at this time. (to help)
30/You …………………….the poem in the next contest. (to read)
31/He …………………….in the lake this summer. (to swim)
32/Andrew and Colin …………………….muffins now. (to make)
33/Simon …………………….a letter while I’m at home. (to write)
34/They …………………….pictures right now. (to swap)
35/Kathy …………………….with Bobat this moment. (to dance)
36/We …………………….home now. (to run)
37/I …………………….a shower then. (to take)
38/We …………………….money for new computer. (to save)
39/She …………………….the grass in the garden now. (to cut)
40/The teacher …………………….his bike on the ground at present. (to ride)
41/Alexander presently …………………….a film . (to watch)
42/We …………………….a computer game. (to play)
43/The dog …………………….at the cat now. (to bark)
44/Peter …………………….his rabbits at current. (to feed)
45/Philipp and Johnny …………………….a song now. (to sing)
46/Where is Mary? - She …………………….her hair. (to wash)
47/The eagle …………………….to catch the mouse right now. (to try)
48/Why …………………….Ruth …………………….for money at this time? (to ask)
49/The boys …………………….into the pool this time. (not/to dive)
50/…………………….you …………………….the washing-up this week? (to do)
51/They …………………….the printers now. (to check)
52/At the moment……………….your grandmother ……………….at birds? (to look)
53/We …………………….the checkpoint tomorrow. (not/to pass)

54/…………………….they …………………….to help then? (to try)
55/She …………………….to the centre of the town at present. (not/to walk)
56/………….the policemen ………….into the bank to stop the noisily current situation? (to run)
57/ Listen! Ann ………………… the piano (play)
58/ What are you doing? I ……………… a model plane. (make)
59/ Can you help me? No, sorry, I …………………. the baby. (look after)
60/ Where is mum? She …………………. dinner. (cook)
61/ Who ………………….? This is Mr Blackwell. (speak)
62/ What are you doing? I …………………. English. (learn)
63/ Tom ………………… his bike at the moment. (clean)
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64/ What are you doing? I …………………. TV. (watch)
65/ Today it ………………. (not rain), the sun ………………… (shine)
66/ What (you/do) …………………at the moment?
67/ (you/ speak) ……………… that you are a millionaire now?
68/ He (not/wear) …………….a tie today.
69/ He (travel) ………………abroad on business now.
70/ David is in Paris this week. He (stay) ………………at the Hilton.
71/ Look! He (leave) …………………. the house.
72/ Quiet please! I (write) …………………. a test.
73/ She (walk) …………………. to school at present.
74/ But look! Today she (go) …………………. by bike.
75/ Next Sunday we (go) …………………. to the countryside to see my grandparents.
76/ He (go) …………………. to the cinema with Sandra right now.
77/ We (play) …………………. Monopoly at the moment.
78/ The child (cry) ………………… now
79/ I (not / do) …………………. anything at the moment.
80/ (watch / he) …………………. the news presently?
81/ He ………………(read) a book at the moment.
82/ We ……………… (visit) our friends this evening.

83/ They …………… (have) dinner at the Browns this evening.
84/ I ………………(not/watch)TV, I ………………….(work) now!
85/ What …………….(you do) this evening?
86/ ……………the teacher (explain) ………………. the present continuous to the class now?
87/ The patient (fill) ………………. out a form at the hospital currently.
88/ Sue (take/ not) ………………. a test on the present continuous tense right now.
89/ Did you hear that? I think the baby (cry) ………………
90/ Hurry! The bus (come). I (not/want) to miss it.
91/ A: What (your father/do)?
B: He's a teacher, but he (not/work) at the moment.
92/ She (stay) with her sister at the moment, until she finds somewhere to live.
93/ Ron is in London at the moment. He (stay) at the Hilton Hotel.
94/ They ……………… (have) a great time at today's party.
95/ Justin (write, currently) ………………. a book about his adventures in Tibet.
96/ My mother-in-law (work)……………. at our house this week.
97/ Look! Pauline …………………the flowers. (water)
98/ Listen! The girls …………………. a song. (sing)
99/ She ………………. home by bus now. (come)
100/ Jack ………………… to spend this weekend with his grandmother. (plan)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I. Cấu trúc
Thể khẳng định:
S + have/ has + PP + O
Thể phủ định:
S + have/ has + not + PP + O
Thể nghi vấn:
Have/ has + S + PP + O
*Lưu ý:
Dùng “has” khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít: He, She, It………
Dùng “have” cho các ngôi số nhiều: We, They…

E.g.
● I have seen my dog
I haven’t seen my dog
Have you seen your dog?
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● She has written to me recently
She hasn’t written to me recently
Has she written to you recently?
II. Cách dùng:
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả:
● Hành động đã xảy ra ở quá khứ không xác định thời điểm
E.g.
I have read that book
→ “Tôi đã đọc cuốn sách đó”. Hành động đọc sách đã xảy ra nhưng trong câu không có một trạng ngữ chỉ
thời gian nào.
● Hành động đã xảy ra hơn một lần trong quá khứ (hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ)
E.g.
+ “for” + khoảng thời gian ( 5 months, 6 years……)
E.g.
I have lived here for 3 years
→ “Tôi đã sống ở đây 3 năm”. Tôi đã sông ở đây rồi, tôi đang sông ở đây trong hiện tai và tiếp tục sống ở
đây trong tương lai She has studied this story twice
→ “Cô ấy đã đọc câu truyện này hai lần”
● Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và tiếp tục xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai
*Lưu ý:
Trong cách dùng này, thì hiện tại hoàn thành thường đi kèm với giới từ “Since” va “For”.
+ “Since” + điểm thời gian (1999, 2000, last year………)
E.g.: I have lived here since 2002
→ “Tôi đã sống ở đây từ năm 2002”, và tôi đang sông ở đây trong hiện tai và tiếp tục sống ở đây trong tương
lai

***Các trạng từ dùng kèm thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
+ Since, ever, never, for, just
+ Ready, lately, recently, already (dùng trong câu khẳng định, sau have / has hoặc dùng cuối câu)
+ Yet (dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc câu hỏi Yes/No)
+ So far , up to now, up to present , since then
+ In recent years, this month, for / during the last few years
***Một số lưu ý trong cách dùng trạng từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
“Already” được dùng trong câu khẳng định, đứng sau “have/ has” hoặc cuối câu
E.g.: We have already written our reports
E.g.: I have read the entire book already
“Already” diễn tả điều gì đã hoàn thành sớm hơn mình nghĩ
E.g.: I have already mailed your letter
“Just” được dùng trong câu khẳng định, đứng sau “have/ has”, diễn tả điều gì vừa mới xảy ra
E.g.: I have just had lunch
“Yet” được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn, đứng cuối câu
E.g.: John hasn’t decided what to do yet
* Trong 1 số trường hợp “yet” có thể đứng sau “have/ has” và ngữ pháp thay đổi: “not” mất đi và PP trở
thành động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”
E.g.: John has yet to decide what to do
“Yet” diễn tả điều gì đang trông đợi xảy ra
E.g.: Has it stopped raining yet?
*Cẩn thận kẻo nhầm với “yet” làm từ nối có nghĩa “nhưng”
E.g.: I don’t have the money, yet I really need a computer
*Mệnh đề: This is the first time…/ This is the second time…
E.g.: This is the first time he has driven a car
*Từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời điểm bao gồm cả hiện tại: today, this week, this month…
Ex: I have smoked 10 cigarettes today (Có thể tôi sẽ hút thêm nữa cho đến khi ngày hôm nay chấm dứt)
III. Bài tập:
III.1. Do we use for or since with the following time references ?
1. I haven't phoned home……………… Christmas.

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2. We've been here…………….nine o'clock.
3. I have worked for International House ………………….more than eight years.
4. I haven't visited my home town …………………….I left school.
5. I haven't been to the cinema ………………….ages.
6. I have studied non-stop ………………….9.15.
7. I have had a driving licence …………………I was eighteen.
8. She hasn't had a day off ………………1999.
9. Johan has been in England ………………more than two weeks now.
10. Peter has been my best friend ………………… we were nine.
III.2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1.The train to Newcastle ……………already …………… (leave).
2. Alan ……………(be) married twice.
3. The Browns ………………(have) a baby!
4. This is the first time I………………(break) my leg.
5. We …………… (live) here for a year.
6. I think I…………….(see) her before.
7. She…………… (have) a holiday this year.
8. The shop……………….(not open) yet.
9. John ………… never …………(ride) a bicycle.
10. We ……………….(not do) our homework yet
11. Some ……………… (leave) me a message.
12. I ……………………… (not/see) her since we left school.
13. He ………………….(break) my car for many times.
14. Peter……………… (be) in Rome a long time ago.
15. Please come on time, this is the second time you …………………….(be late) this week.
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá khứ đơn)
A/ Form:
* Đối với đặc biệt Tobe: Was / Were

* Đối với Động từ thường (Verb):
- Positive:
+ Với động từ hợp quy tắc ( Regular verbs):
+ Với động từ bất quy tắc (Irregular verbs):
Lưu ý 1 : V-ed : Động từ thêm « ed »
V2 : Động từ ở cột thứ 2 trong bảng Động từ bất quy tắc. (Học thuộc lòng)
- Negative:
Ex1 : I did not work hard.
Ex2 : We did not see Peter.
- Interrogative :
Ex1 : Did you work hard ?
Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
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S + V-ed + …

S + V2 + …

S + did + not + V(inf) + …

Did (not) + S + V(inf) + …?
B/ Usage :
1/ Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
Thường dùng với các phó từ hoặc các cụm từ như:
- yesterday ( morning / afternoon / evening)
- last ( Monday / week / month / year / night / summer…)
- ago ( 2 days ago, a year ago, 15 minutes ago …)
- in + khoảng tgian qkhứ ( in 1985 )
- before
- once : trước kia, xưa kia, đã có một thời ( đứng trước động từ chính hoặc cuối câu)

- once upon a time : ngày xửa ngày xưa
Ex :
- There was a bank robbery in central London last week.
- Her father died twelve years ago (Bố cô ta mất cách đây 12 năm)
- I had an argument with them yesterday morning (Sáng hôm qua, tôi cãi nhau với họ)
2/ Diễn tả một hành động hoàn toàn thuộc về quá khứ , tách rời với hiện tại (dù không nêu một thời
điểm nhất định).
Ex : - The Chinese invented priting. (Người Trung Quốc đã phát minh ra việc in ấn)
- King Quang Trung was a military genius, a visionary diplomat, a preeminent leader
(Vua Quang Trung là một thiên tài quân sự, một nhà ngoại giao biết nhìn xa trông rộng, một lãnh tụ
kiệt xuất)
- Our teacher always advised us to be studious and dutiful to our parents
(Thầy chúng tôi luôn khuyên chúng tôi chăm chỉ học hành và hiếu thảo với cha mẹ)
Do vậy, thì này được dùng trong văn sử ký, thuật truyện hoặc kể về các sự cố trong quá khứ.
3/ Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra đồng thời với một hành động khác trong quá khứ
Ex : She left the room as I entered it.
4/ Diễn tả những hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
Ex : He parked a car, got out of it, closed all the windows, locked the doors and then walked into
the house.
( Anh ấy đỗ xe, bước ra ngoài, đóng tất cả cửa sổ, khoá cửa chính và sau đó đi vào nhà.
5/ Mượn “did + V(inf)” vào câu khẳng định để nhấn mạnh :
Ex: She did see him in the street the other day. (Cô ta đã thấy anh ta trên đường phố vào ngày hôm
kia mà)
6/ Used to / 'ju:s tə: / , cuối câu phát âm là / 'ju:s tu: /
* Hình thức:
- Positive: S + used to + V(inf) +…
- Negative: S + didn’t + use to + V(inf) + ….
- Interrogative: Did + S + use to + V(inf) + …?
* Cách dùng:
Diễn tả một thói quen, lề lối sinh hoạt hay những tình huống đã hiện hữu / đã xảy ra trong quá

khứ và đã chấm dứt trong quá khứ, không còn liên hệ gì đến hiện tại.
Ex1: - I used to live in London. ( Tôi đã từng sống ở Luân Đôn)
- He used to smoke, but now he’s stopped.
(Anh ấy thường hay hút thuốc nhưng bây giờ đã bỏ rồi)
- Life here is much easier than it used to be.
( Đời sống ở đây thì dễ dàng hơn (ta thường thấy) trước đây)
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Ex2: - I didn’t use to like her. / I usedn’t to like her. ( Tôi vốn không thích cô ta).
- Did you use to go there? / Used you to go there? (Bạn có thường hay đến đó không?)
- There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there? / There used to be a cinema here, usedn’t
there?
( Ở đây trước kia từng có 1 rạp chiếu phim phải không?)
PAST CONTINUOUS
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
A/ Form :
Ex: TO WORK
Xác đỉnh Phủ định Nghi vấn
I was working I was not working Was I working?
You were working You were notworking Were you working?
He/she/it was working He/she/it was not working Was he/she/it
working?
We were working We were not working Were we working?
You were working You were not working Were you working?
They were working They were not working Were they working?
Lưu ý:
Các động từ Love,Like, Dislike, Hate, Loathe(ghét), prefer (thích hơn)Believe , Detest (ghét cay ghét
đắng), Fear(sợ), Respect, , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive(nhận thấy, nhận thức, lĩnh
hội) ,Notice(chú ý) , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect (nhớ lại, nhớ ra) ,Consist( gồm có) ,
Contain(bao gồm,chứa đựng) , Concern(có liên quan) , Belong , have (có) Possess(sở hữu) , Own , Owe ,
Concern , Matter , Appear(có vẻ), Look (có vẻ), Feel (cảm thấy) Seem (dường như), Smell (có mùi),

Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (có nghĩa là), Signify (có nghĩa là), See (hiểu), Realize (nhận ra),
Recognize (nhận thức), Hold (chứa đựng), Keep(tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), depend (phụ thuộc),
suppose (giả sử), need, ……là những động từ không dùng ở Quá khứ tiếp diễn. Thay vào đó ta dùng
thì Quá khứ đơn
B/ Usage :
1/ Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
Ex :
- At 7.00 this morning, I was having breakfast. ( Lúc 7h sáng nay tôi đang ăn điểm tâm)
-What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday morning? (Bạn đang làm gì lúc 8 giờ sáng hôm qua?)
-At that moment, I was sleeping (Lúc ấy, tôi đang ngủ)
2/ Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kéo dài trong suốt một khoảng thời gian nào đó ở quá khứ.
Thường có « all / the whole of + từ /cụm từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ »
Ex :
- I was driving all day yesterday. (Tôi lái xe suốt cả ngày hôm qua)
- The whole of last week, they were staying with me.
3/ Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra ở quá khứ thì có một hành động khác chen vào.
- Hành động đang diễn ra : Dùng thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Hành động chen vào : Dùng thì Quá khứ đơn
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S + tobe + V-ing
(was / were)
Trong câu thường có các liên từ « when / as (khi, thì) » , « while (trong lúc, trong khi) »
Ex :
- Yesterday, when they arrived, we were watching T.V. (Hôm qua, khi họ đến, chúng tôi đang xem
TV)

(chen vào) ( đang diễn ra)
- Ann was doing her homework when the phone rang. (Ann đang làm bài tập thì điện thoại reo)
V2
- What was she doing when you arrived? (Cô ta đang làm gì khi anh đến?)

- They burst out laughing while their father was speaking to me
(Họ cười phá lên trong lúc cha họ đang nói chuyện với tôi)
4/ Diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra cùng lúc với một hành động khác tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Do đó có thể dùng miêu tả quá khứ.
Ex :
- I was reading a book while my wife was cooking. (Tôi đang đọc sách trong lúc vợ tôi đang nấu ăn)
- The girl was cooking in the kitchen.Her father was reading while her younger brother was revising
for the end-of-term test.Suddenly, there were shots and screams in the distance (Cô gái đang nấu ăn
trong bếp. Cha cô đang đọc sách, trong khi em trai cô đang ôn tập thi cuối học kỳ.Bỗng có nhiều tiếng
súng và tiếng thét từ xa vọng lại).
5 / Diễn tả một hành động tiến triển dần dần trong quá khứ, mà không cần nêu từ ngữ chỉ thời gian.
Ex :
-It was getting colder. (Trời đang lạnh dần)
-The river was rising. (Nước sông đang từ từ dâng lên)
6/ Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ.
Ex :
-I was always working full-time (Tôi luôn luôn làm việc trọn ngày)
-He was always asking questions (Anh ta cứ hỏi hoài)
EXERCISES
Exercise 1: put the verbs in the past simple tense
1. I (not/go) to work last week.
2. I (meet) her on Tuesday.
3. Last year I (buy) a new car.
4. My teacher (teach) this lesson two years ago.
5. He (sleep) badly last night.
6. His son (write) a letter for him yesterday.
7. He (receive) a letter from his friends yesterday?
8. They (drink) all the wine at the party last night.
9. She (not/lend) you enough money?
10. He (be) sent in prison last month.

Exercise 2: put the verbs in the past progressive tense
1. The children (be) afraid because it (get) dark.
2. The aero plane in which the football team (travel) crashed soon after taking off.
3. It was a fine day and a lot of people (rush) to the seaside.
4. Two men (fight) at the street corner and a policeman (try) to stop them.
5. I went into the garden to see what the boys (do). Jame (weed) and Jack (cut) grass.
6. While he (learn) to drive, he had twenty - five accidents.
7. Someone came to the house and left this note while we (go) fishing.
8. Where he (live) when you last saw him?
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9. The car had nobody in it but the engine (run).
10. Whom you (talk) to on the phone as I came in?
- I (talk) to Mr. Bean.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1. I saw Maggie at the party. She ________ in several films.
a. wears b. wore c. was wearing d. has worn
2. The man got out of the car,_______ round to the back and opened the boot.
a. walking b. walked c. walks d. walk
3. Mike________ one hour ago.
a. phoned b. was phoning c. had phoned d. has phoned
4. While her husband was in the army, Janet________ to him twice a week.
a. was writing b. wrote c. was written d. had written
5. We ________English this time last week.
a. learned b. were learning c. have learned d. had learned
6. Alan took a photograph of Sandra while she________
a. didn't look b. wasn't looking c. hasn't looked d. hadn't looked
7. Last night Tine________ in bed when suddenly she heard a scream.
a. read b. was reading c. had read d. had read
8. While mother________ dinner the phone rang.
a. cooked b. had cooked c. has cooked d. was cooking

9. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong ________ down onto the moon, the first person ever set foot on
another planet.
a. was stepping b. stepped c. has stepped d. was step
10. The secretary________ the report by 10:00 yesterday.
a. hasn't finished b. hasn't finished c. didn't finish d. would finish
11. Jane's eyes are red. She________
a. cried b. has cried c. has been crying d. had cried
12. The little girl asked what________ to her friend.
a. has happened b. happened c. had happened d. would have been happened
13. John________ a book when I saw him.
a. is reading b. read c. was reading d. reading
14. We had just got out of car when it ____ to set fire.
a. has begun b. had begun c. was beginning d. began
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
(Thì q khứ hồn thành)
1. Form : (+) S + had + V3/ed….
(-) S + had + not + V3/ed…
(?) Had + S + V3/ed….?
2. Usage:
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø x¶y ra tríc mét thêi gian cụ thể.
eg. They had live here before 1985
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ (before, after,
when, by the time). Hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì Past Perfect, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì Past
Simple.
Eg: After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed.
* AFTER + S + HAD + V
3 / ED
, S + V
2 / ED
BEFORE + S + V

2/ED
, S + HAD + V
3 / ED
WHEN + S + V
2 / ED
, S + HAD + V
3 / ED
Exercise
I/ Use the past perfect tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. We (already / have) ……………………… breakfast when we went on an excursion.
2. He (leave)…………………….for New York before this month.
17
3. She (never, be)……………………there before this week.
4. The bell (just, ring)……………………….when I arrived at school.
5. I saw a big ship last week. I (never / see)…………………….one before.
6. The football match (come)…………………… to an end before I reached the ground.
7. I ( not / fall)…………………… asleep when I heard the noise in the next room.
8. Where he ( live)…………………… before he moved to this city?
II/ Give the right form of the verbs in brackets : simple past or past perfect.
1. He ……………… already (go) ……………… before I (come) ……………… there.
2. After my sister (wash) ……………… her clothes, she (begin) ……………… to study.
3. Bill (work) ……………… at the University for 40 years before he (retire) ……………….
4. John (live) ……………… in Paris for one year then his parents (come) ……………… to visit.
5. Mary (not go) …………… to the film with us yesterday evening. She (see) ………… it before.
6. They (go) ……………… home after they (finish) ……………… their work.
7. When we (come) ……………… to the stadium, the match (already begin) ……………….
8. He said that he (see) ……………… that man before.
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
(THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HỒN THÀNH)
1. Cách dùng:

Thì Tương Lai Hoàn Thành được dùng để chỉ một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động
khác trong tương lai hay một điểm thời gian cụ thể ở tương lai.
Nó thường được dùng với trạng từ chỉ thời gian có dạng: By the end of + mốc thời gian tương lai ;
By+ mốc thời gian tương lai; By the time + mệnh đề ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Ex: 1. The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
Ex: 2. By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.
Ex: We will have accomplished the TOEFL test taking skills by the end of next year.
Ex: By the time Halley's Comet comes racing across the night sky again, most of the people alive
today will have passed away.
2. Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will have + V
3
/ V_ed
(-) S + will not have + V
3
/ V_ed
(?)Will + S + have + V
3
/ V_ed ?
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HỒN THÀNH TIếP DIễN)
1. Cách dùng:
Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra bao lâu rồi vào một thời điểm cụ thể
trong tương lai . Các cụm từ chỉ thời gian đi kèm là:
By the end of + mốc thời gian tương lai / By + mốc thời gian tương lai/ By the time + mệnh
đề ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành + for + khoảng thời gian
Ex: By November, we'll have been living in this house for 10 years.
By March 15
th
, I'll have been working for this company for 6 years.

2. Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will + have been + V-ing
(-) S + will not + have been + V-ing
(?) Will + S + have been + V-ing?
GHI NHỚ: Khơng dùng các thì tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác (see, be, hear )
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
18
1. I (finish)…………………………………. this book by tomorrow evening.
2. By tomorrow we (have) ……………………………… our injections.
3. By the end of next year I (be)…………………………… here twenty-five years.
4. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave)……………………
5. By next winter they (build)………………………………. four houses in that field.
6. At the rate he is going he (spend)……………………… all his money by the time he is twenty-one.
7. By next year I (save)………………………….$Ј250.
8. By the time we get to the party everything (be) ……………………….eaten.
9. The train (leave) ………………………………before we reach the station.
10. If I continue with my diet I (lose) …………………… 10 kilos by the end of the month.
11. By the end of my university course I (attend)…………………… 1,200 lectures.
12. By the end of this week my illness (cost)……………………………. me Ј100.
13. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend)…………………… Ј25,000 on his education.
14. By the end of the term I (read)………………………… all twelve volumes.
15. When you come back I (finish)……………………………… all the housework.
16. The police (hear)…………………………… of the theft by next time.
17. We (drink)……………………………… all that wine by the end of the year.
18. On the fourth of next month he (be) ………………………….in prison for ten years.
19. By the time we reach Crewe we (do)………………………. half of the journey.
20. At this rate you (break)……………………… all the wine glasses by the end of the month.
21. If we don't hurry the sun (rise)…………………… before we reach the top.
22. I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. ~

You'll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish)…………………… their speeches and
everybody (go)……………………… home.
23. By midnight he (be) ……………………… unconscious for forty-eight hours.
24. By the end of the month 5,000 people (see)………………………… this exhibition.
25. By next April I (pay)……………………………… Ј3,000 in income tax.
26. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all these old houses (be) ……………pulled down.
27. On 21 October they (be)………………. married for twenty-five years.
28. The strike leader said, 'By midnight 500 men (come)……………… out on strike.'
29. At your present rate you (burn)………………… …… all that coal by the end of the month,
30. The treasurer said, 'By the end of the year all our debts (be paid)………………………… off.'
31. Tourist: We've only got five hours in Rome; we are leaving but I'm sure that we (see)…………….
everything of importance by then.
32. Householder to Zoo: One of your elephants is in my garden eating my tomatoes.
Zoo official: The elephant keeper will be with you in half an hour.
Householder: Your elephant (eat)………………………. all my tomatoes by then.
33. I hope they (repair)…………………… this road by the time we come back next summer.
34. By the end of next week my wife (do)……………… her spring cleaning and we'll all be able to
relax again.
35. Yes, I make jam every week. I (make)…………………… about 200 kilos by the end of the summer.
36. In two months' time he (finish)…………………… his preliminary training and will be starting work.
37. He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says that by the end of next year he (plant)
……………. 2,000.
38. I'll be back again at the end of next month. ~
I hope I (pass)…………………. my driving test by then. If I have, I'll meet your train.
39. Come back in an hour. I (do)……………………. my packing by then and we'll be able to have a talk.
40. When he reaches Land's End he (walk) ……………………1,500 miles.
41. He's only 35 but he's started losing his hair already. He (lose)……………………… it all by the time
he's 50.
42. His father left him £400,000, but he lives so extravagantly that he (spend)…………………… it all
before he's 30.

43. By the end of next year I (work)…………………………… for him for 45 years.
44. Everywhere you go in central London you see blocks of flats being pulled down and huge hotels
being erected. In ten years' time all the private residents (be driven) ………………….out and there 11
be nothing but one vast hotel after another.
19
45. Our committee is trying to raise money to buy a new lifeboat. By the end of the year we (send)
…………………… out 5,000 letters asking for contributions.
46. By the end of my tour I (give)………………… exactly the same lecture 53 times.
47. A hundred people have died of starvation already. By the end of the week two hundred (die)
………………… When are you going to send help?
48. Since he began driving, Tom has driven an average of 5,000 miles a year, and had an average of 21/2
accidents a year. So by the time he is 60 he (drive)…………………… 200,000 miles and had 50
accidents. Let's try to persuade him to go back to cycling.
49. Did you say you wanted help picking apples? I could come on 1 October. ~
We (pick)……………………………… them all by then. But come all the same.
50. Apparently Venice is slowly sinking into the sea. Scientists are trying to save it but by the time
they've found the answer the city probably (sink)…………………………
51. By the time you (receive) ………………… this letter, we (cross) ………………… the Atlantic
Ocean.
52. When you (come) …………………. back, he (buy) …………………………… a new house.
53. The meeting (finish) ………………. by the time we (get)……………………………… there.
54. I (finish) ………………………….the book before my next birthday.
55. By the time you get back, I (finish) …………………………. all my correspondence and then I can
help you with yours.
56. By next month, I (leave) ……………………………… for India.
57. By next Saturday, we ( live)……………………………… in this house for a year.
58. When he is 40, he ( learn)……………….Spanish for 15 years.
59. By next month I (write)………………………….this book for 3 years.
60. Next month I (know)……………Mary for 20 years.
Lesson 2: PASSIVE VOICE

1. Công thức chung
Active: S + Verb + O
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O)
Eg: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
* Công thức chi tiết của các thì
Active Passive
S + V1 + O S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + V2/ed + O S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + V3/ed + O S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + Vo + O S + will/shall + be +V3/ed

2. Rules Khi đổi từ chủ động sang bò động, ta chú ý các bước sau:
a. Xác đònh S (Chủ từ), V (Động từ), O (Túc từ) và thì của động từ trong câu chủ động.
Eg: (Active): She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V1 O
b. Đem O lên làm S, chuyển S xuống làm O đặt sau by.

Eg: (Passive) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
20
S by O
c. Thêm động từ to be (phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động), và chuyển động từ chính
sang V3/ed.
Eg: (Passive) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
be V3/ed

3. Notes:
a. Trong trường hợp có liên từ and và giới từ of, ta phải xác đònh đầy đủ chủ từ hoặc túc từ khi chuyển
đổi.
Ex:- Active: He and I see the film
 Passive: The film is seen by him and me.
- Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
 Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week.
b. Trong câu bò động: by O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và trước adverbs of
time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
adv of place by O adv of time
c. Trong câu bò động, ta có thể bỏ “by + O” nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là đại từ nhân xưng ( I, we,
you, they, he, she, it) hoặc là đại từ bất đònh (someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody,
everyone, everybody, people)
EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport.
…………………………………………………….…………………………
4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year.
…………………………………………………….…………………………
5. My aunt made this sweater for her son.
…………………………………………………….…………………………
6. The television station has broadcast all the 22
nd
Sea-Games competitions.
…………………………………………………….…………………………

7. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.
…………………………………………………….…………………………
8. She makes coffee for her parents every day.
…………………………………………………….…………………………
II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice
1. Last night my favorite program________________ (interrupt) by a special news bulletin.
2. When I______________ (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I______________ (meet) by my cousin and a
couple of friends.
3. Kim______________ (write) this composition last week. That one _____________ (write) by Phi.
4. I don’t have my bicycle today. It’s with the repairman. It______________ (repair) right now.
5. Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house_______________ (build) on it
next year.
6. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book?
B: No, I don’t. I_______________ (confuse).
7. A: When____________ your bike_______________ (steal)?
B: Two days ago.
21
8. A:__________ you_____________ (pay) your electricity yet?
B: No. I havent. but Id better pay it today. If I dont, my electricity supply ______________ (shut off)
by the power company.
9. A: Did you hear about the accident?
B: No. What________________ (happen)?
A: A bicyclist_____________ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm.
B: ___________ the bicyclist______________ (injure)?
A: Yes. He_______________ (take) to City Hospital.
9. The Eiffel Tower_____________ (be) in Paris, France. It_____________ (visit) by millions of
people every year. It_______________ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923).
It_______________ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time,
it_______________ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it______________
(recognize) by people throughout the world.

PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS
Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
Caực ủoọng tửứ khieỏm khuyeỏt (Modal verbs) nhử: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must,
had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, .
Active: S + Modal Verbs + V + O
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O)
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
S M.V V O
Passive: This exercise can be done by Nam right now.
S M.V be V3 by O
- Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
S MV V O
Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
S MV be V-ed by O
EXERCISES
Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. People should send their complaints to the main office.
.
2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it.
.
3. A short circuit could cause the fire.
.
4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party.
.
5. Lien couldnt open the door of the classroom.
.
6. They should announce that news as soon as possible.
.
7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library.
.

8. People must repair that old building.
.
9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument.
22
…………………………………………………………….…………………
10. The students may elect Phong their leader.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
14. The principal might interview her.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long.
…………………………………………………………….…………………
* MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HP ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA BỊ ĐỘNG
I. Thể bò động của câu phủ đònh và nghi vấn:
Ex: - (A) Mai doesn’t write this letter.
(P) This letter isn’t written by Mai.
- (A) They didn’t watch the fashion show last night.
(P) The fashion show wasn’t watched last night.
- (A) Did your father make this chair?

(P) Was this chair made by your father?
- (A) Who repaired your bicycle?
(P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
(By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
- (A) What plays did Shakespeare write?


(P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
II. Động từ có hai túc từ: ( có 2 cách chuyển qua bị động)
eg: My grandmother has given me money.
S Verb Oi Od
(Tn gián tiếp) (Tn trực tiếp)
* Cách 1: S + Verb + Oi + Od
S + be + V3 + Od + (by O)
Eg: My grandmother has given me money
→ I have been given money by my grandmother.
* Cách 2: S + Verb + Oi + Od
S + be + V3 + to/ for + Oi + (by O)
Eg: My grandmother has given me money
→ Money has been given to me by my grandmother
- Một số động từ đi với giới từ “ to”: give, send, show, lend, promise, pay, read, throw, wish, offer,…
- Một số động từ đi với giới từ “for”: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, oder…
III. Bị động đặc biệt:
Bị đơng đặc biệt thường sử dụng với các động từ sau: say (nói), report (tường thuật), believe (tin tưởng),
think (suy nghĩ), understand (hiểu), suppose ( cho rằng), rumour (đồn), hope (hi vọng), expect (mong
muốn), acknowledge (cơng nhận), predict (tiên đốn)
* Cơng thức:
Cách 1:
S + Verb + that + S* + V*
23
It + be + V3 + that + S* + V*
Eg: 1. People say that he is an honest man
It is said that he is an honest man
2. They believed that he was in Paris.
It was believed that he was in Paris.
Cỏch 2:

S + Verb + that + S* + V*
S* + be + V3 + to + V (nu V* xy ra song song hoc xy ra sau Verb)
to have + V3 (nu V* xy ra trc Verb)
eg: 1. People say that he is an honest man
He is said to be an honest man
2. People say that the flood destroyed the village.
The flood is said to have destroyed the village
III. Caực ủaùi tửứ baỏt ủũnh: No one, Nobody, Nothing,
Ex: - (A) No one can answer this question.


(P) This question cant be answered .
- (A) They havent done anything.


(P) Nothing has been done.
EXERCISES
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Nobody sent us any tickets.
.
2. Has someone decorated my bedroom?
.
3. Did anything disturb you in the night?
.
4. Nobody has invited her to the party.
.
5. She teaches grammar and writing.
.
6. People say that you send your application form to the university.
.

7. They elect Thu the leader of the group.
.
8. I dont see anyone in the house.
.
9. Lan bought her brother some comic books.
.
10. The students dont play video games on the weekend.
.
11. They believed that he went abroad to study English.
.
II/ Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence
1. The word jeans comes from a kind of material that___________ in Europe.
A. made B. had made C. was made D. are made
2. Different styles of jeans______________ to match the 1960s fashions.
A. designed B. are designed C. were designed D. had designed
3. The ao dai_______________ for years.
A. is modernized C. have been modernized
B. was modernized D. has been modernized
4. A new hospital_____________ next year.
24
A. is built B. will be built C. has been built D. will build
5. Food______________ direct to the market by trucks.
A. delivered B. deliver C. can be delivered D. delivers
6. The house has_______________ after the fire.
A. to rebuild B. to be rebuilt C. be to rebuilt D. rebuilt
7. All the homework_____________ at home.
A. should do B. should done C. should be done D. should be doing
8. The application form______________ to the university before May 31
st
.

A. must send B. sent C. must be send D. must be sent
9. Traffic rules____________ strictly.
A. followed B. must followed C. must be followed D. must follow
10. Students_____________ to participate in the after school activities.
A. encourage B. is encouraged C. are encouraged D. encouraged
Lesson 3:
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(Câu điều kiện)
I. Giới thiệu chung về câu điều kiện:
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết quả hay được gọi
là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (If clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (Main clause).
E.g. If it rains, I will stay at home.
If clause Main clause
Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
E.g. You will pass the exam if you work hard.
II. Các loại câu điều kiện:
1. Loại 1:
- Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
IF + S + V(s/es), S + will/may/must/can + V1
E.g.:
1. If the book is interesting, I will buy it
2. If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.
* Lưu ý:
- If + should có thể được dùng trong loại 1 để chỉ hành động rất khó xảy ra; nó thường được nối với một
mệnh để chỉ mệnh lệnh, được dùng chủ yếu trong các bản chỉ dẫn.
E.g.:
1. If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number.
2. If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition, please inform the factory at once.
2. Loại 2:
- Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai - ước muốn ở hiện tại. (Nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra được)

IF + S + V2(ed), S + would/could/might + V1
E.g.:
1. If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half.
2. If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
* Lưu ý:
- Động từ “to be” ở mệnh đề “If” được chia ở tất cả các ngôi là “Were”, kể cả ngôi thứ ba số ít như : he, she,
it……
E.g.:
If he were the president, he would build more hospitals.
Chúng ta không nói “ If he was the president, he would build more hospitals”
3. Loại 3:
- Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ. (nhưng thực tế không thể
xảy ra được).
IF + S + had + V3(ed), S + would/could/might + have + V3(ed)
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