nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của mật độ và kích cỡ thả nuôi đến sinhtrưởng, tỷ lệ sống của nghêu (meretrix lyrata sowerby, 1851) giai đoạn nuôi thương phẩm tại vùng bãi triều, kiến thụy, hải phòng


TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NHA TRANG
NGÔ XUÂN BA
NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẬT ĐỘ VÀ KÍCH CỠ THẢ NUÔI
ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, TỶ LỆ SỐNG CỦA NGHÊU (Meretrix lyrata
SOWERBY, 1851) GIAI ĐOẠN NUÔI THƯƠNG PHẨM TẠI VÙNG BÃI
TRIỀU, KIẾN THUỴ, HẢI PHÒNG
LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ




TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NHA TRANG
NGÔ XUÂN BA
NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẬT ĐỘ VÀ KÍCH CỠ THẢ NUÔI
ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, TỶ LỆ SỐNG CỦA NGHÊU (Meretrix lyrata
SOWERBY, 1851) GIAI ĐOẠN NUÔI THƯƠNG PHẨM TẠI VÙNG BÃI
TRIỀU, KIẾN THUỴ, HẢI PHÒNG
LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ
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HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. NGUYỄN TẤN SỸ

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LỜI CAM ĐOAN
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Tác giả
Ngô Xuân Ba
,
4
LỜI CẢM ƠN
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Hải Phòng, ngày tháng năm 2014
Tác giả
Ngô Xuân Ba
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5
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4<6="*"!5MƒNghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của mật độ và kích cỡ thả nuôi đến
sinh trưởng, tỷ lệ sống của nghêu (Meretrix lyrata Sowerby, 1851) giai đoạn nuôi
thương phẩm tại vùng bãi triều, Kiến Thụy, Hải Phòng„
Mục tiêu của đề tài:
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Mu0:Meretrix lyrataJ
Nội dung nghiên cứu
- !:.;'@[._/0<"1G !37P..N"' !18"="#@[3"%45
&*._/:J
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"!i&'-e"J
Ý nghĩa khoa học và thực tiễn của đề tài:
+ U.1I1@A.0<"1G37P..NM~AM40G".O&[ 1E"!59>"#k
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…8"9'._/1R"!4.O&[1E...O9/.;.=7>8."X!..G

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…zMMf1M;.f"!:"DG!1I/.K@-e"7u._/:
Meretrix lyrataJ
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11
CHƯƠNG 1 - TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
1.1. Một số đặc điểm sinh học của đối tượng nghiên cứu
1.1.1. Đặc điểm phân loại
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H/qq#!C/q
!*/(q#q"#!-
n!:8#qMeretrix lyrataaZˆq#F>3ypd
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1.1.2. Đặc điểm cấu tạo
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Hình 1.1: Đặc điểm cấu tạo ngoài của nghêu|,}
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FR0h"._/.V.z!R#)#e"0I@X"•F:"##/0sM.VJV.e"Y
$0!R&A!.O"@W"•"#.Y>#/0sM.V&&6X!..#).VJ.
&A!.O"<M"#[Mf*."Y".O7s.V"#@X.6&/3.O7s.V"#@X.6
&/F066†[6I"#P&".O7sM6†"#@X.6&/6RMP/0h"4@|+}J

13
Hệ hô hấp$0/!1 !40/20F:"#-/0J(Œ!F:$0
/!"e030Œ!"e0$0!R&A!"O78"AM4Y!6X!/F20G"00†.z!R
8MeM"Y:g#).Y>&&6X!.."O0/J(/._/:"G.
CY0/"<"3.zMfH._/40/!CP606MfH._/
40/"#CP6G!"YJ.8MeMMf1faf0!5d†60†O
[Mf&/|+}J
Hệ tiêu hoáFc"1f"•0!56..-L.F!5JUL.F!5$0/!1 !"@O;
6X!/!40/3..4-L.F!520-9/0!561f..40/J(!5#e"
1O!'.S40G"4Œ0[._/*"!:36I"#P._/0!520!g//!.O7s.V
"#@X.3MP/"#:._/.O7sM6†"#@X.J!8M"q0!54"?.9'cJYC>k
"L!36.0†6.z!R8MeM20"#7*!/"m0V1qJY#G"

"!8M"qCYC>"@O1*!"O1Y#G"&/3#G".G4Y!MP/C@X!CYC>&/1z
.Y>/9/*..V66^"#:0h"4@3->:9/"V0"e".*!.~1b#/
<0 20[0h"4@._/.O7sM6†|+}J
Hệ tuần hoàn$0.z"!0[0h"4@3MP/C@X!1S6†J!0$00G""V0"e"
6/!"V0•1@A.F/FH.F[!0-/F/"!0J(-/F/"!00†
"#&*"3.z"Ek"e>F:"#J(._/:7 0|+}J
Hệ bài tiết$00G"1 !"<.z06Y"201*!-;/[/!F:
7*!G!"YMP/C@X!-/F/"!0|+}J
1.1.3. Phân bố của nghêu
Phân bố địa lý:
~MVF*._/:M.lyrata46~F!Ee0V>!k@O"•F!E
!n/18!5"/0|,y}JŽ!5"/03:M.lyrataMVF*._>8[6~
6qF!EMP//03$0^  a!R!/d3kY!3/#!3Y]L
a8#qd3f/3>:'!a#!d3•VaZz.#=d3•nA!aY.
n!:d3H.!Ea(/d|x}Jg=0f1V>36~MVF*1)M""#!E
#G#/0!Rc.@!/_>3•/@3•a/0Id6p=0f1V>1)
M""#!E[c.#G@5`3/z/|x}J
Phân bố sinh thái
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45"•+‚{6X!7P..NY""•3+3p00JŽO!1>!RF~:CiFI
.8"Y"3O!1>.".!80{:FI7 z|+}3|+}J:MVF*[6~
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3p0J:MVF*[6~.zR1>."0I18.""#.zM/4Q04@A
F~4†6-.g.Oay{d360~/0@/F~4†F/M_R1>F)!
0:a3p3p.0dJ:44!#G!5"3!5"1G&!"#@["*"+,
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"#@W1h."#@._/F)!:F!81b!"q0~/#T#5"3.LMD"G.64@A
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1.1.4. Đặc điểm dinh dưỡng
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"^6^!4:0h"R1>1E4H.";.=J:4H...0'6Dg.O3..4!"?.
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"6!:#$!.>E6R0!5JZ/7!9/Mf"?.9'3";.=1@A..>E6
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1.1.5. Đặc điểm sinh trưởng
Z?&!"#@[._/:MD"G.6".1G"bAM._/..>8"*0 !
"#@W3";.=30<"1G !•!5"1G'@[18Y"1G&!4€6.!M*!
&!"#@[18z0!6/46!/37P."@X."*!1/6&!"#@[!'03"b!"H"=
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1.1.6. Đặc điểm sinh sản
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1.2. Tình hình nghiên cứu, nuôi nghêu trên thế giới
1.2.1 Tình hình nuôi nghêu
:M. lyrata44!>i"E0'6†.z!"#I7!"81@A.!R@X.
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1.2.2 Nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố môi trường
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1.2.3 Khả năng tích tụ chất ô nhiễm, độc tố trong nghêu
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1.2.4 Nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng của sự cố, suy thoái ô nhiễm môi trường gây chết

nghêu
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1.2.5 Giải pháp phòng tránh, giảm thiểu ảnh hưởng của môi trường tới nghêu nuôi
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1.2.6 Nghiên cứu về sản xuất giống, nuôi và quản lý
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1.2.7 Nghiên cứu về dịch bệnh
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1.2.8 Nghiên cứu về mật độ, kích cỡ thả nuôi tới sinh trưởng của nghêu
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1.3. Tình hình nghiên cứu, nuôi nghêu ở Việt Nam

1.3.1. Tình hình nuôi
#..4!>i"E ![!5"/0!5/>3: M.lyrata 41*!
"@A !1/M""#!E0Y31@A.!R1I/M@O[6~6qF!E1h.F!5"
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1.3.2. Nghiên cứu về nguồn lợi, phân bố
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1.3.3. Nghiên cứu về dinh dưỡng, sinh trưởng
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1.3.4. Nghiên cứu về đặc điểm sinh học, sản xuất giống
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1.3.6. Nghiên cứu về giải pháp phòng tránh, giảm thiểu ảnh hưởng của môi trường
tới nghêu nuôi
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1.3.7. Nghiên cứu về dịch bệnh
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1.3.8. Nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng của mật độ nuôi, kích thước thả giống đến sinh
trưởng, tỷ lệ sống của nghêu
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1.3.9. Thực trạng nuôi nghêu tại Hải Phòng
a. Hiện trạng sản xuất
Bảng 1.1: Hiện trạng nuôi nghêu trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng |‚}
Quận, huyện
Năm 2012 6 tháng đầu năm 2013
Diện tích
(ha)
Sản lượng
(tấn)
Số hộ
Diện tích
(ha)
Sản lượng
(tấn)
Số hộ
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