Nghiên cứu ứng dụng vi điều khiển VAR

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r)=RA"ZS.Ja@+"''I1E
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Y
CHƯƠNG I: TỔNG QUAN
1.1. Nhu cầu sử dụng thiết bị tự động trong doanh nghiệp.
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X'(wl]CS"lo!'"567/X3&
FJ6'l9AJKHXUAHF(X@Fx*S&SH!(F$7@+@yC&
6%&DX'$%Jz4!!"#{&F "'X'(4*]
"|"lo!"#{&%*%*HF'I!"#$%F
%&'(%?$%F&"rJ*$^(2H}@B@:]XH[
[^J&%"#H+%$&*{&{F$ &%$%F%&'(r!"#
{&%F B`^$&B(~@lF]SS5(]J%+H"{{B
(~@HF'IB^!"#xH$%F&"r!"#{&"lo/
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R!(F$7C&!"#{&6u%K%45BF%H&(F$74:
@"W&["#&%*C&@X$lhI4*J*@4'H[?b*
4`^€"{F•&*X@$&"h4:F'I!"#l

•!"#"{@_&
•!"#F%"#‚FSH6W•$ƒH6{"#T($F(u(„
•!"#"567'"#
•K%…F%+"#$%H`3&X*
l4TS45 !"#_F%&'(H&"rJ*$^J:4*
*S*$_.^(_^BFJ%+r%&'(€B`^HJU($F(H
B(~@%:6%&4*F 46F
1.2. Nhu cầu sử dụng thiết bị tự động trong đào tạo
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#"&PI"+"lo"5"{HlhD(B"lo!T($.b
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1.3. Lịch sử nghiên cứu
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1.4. T;ng quan v> vi đi>u khi@n AVR
1.4.1. Gii thiu vi điu khin AVR
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1.4.2. Kin trc vi điu khin AVR
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Hình 1.1. Kiến trúc Harvard và tổ chức bộ nhớ của AVR
E
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4:F" &ƒb&•)G4*•Ys%?lF&\O4:F" &ƒb&•GG4*
•,sRIJlo1&*S{7&S"2ŒK%€J%+($%D89
,L#:R9P.$%#:*S"lo%[`(wl
"7Jl$bF$%h&{U4*D"%+lA$rHF$ '+
C&#"@lA$r"loJl$b$%[`(;Wl:C&[`( :
+_#:R9P$.(8 $WC&[`("loƒ _%$†[`(
1L#:R9P.%*>?W*Sƒ{_F#`Ja”J:$%
D4"56789
YMMN9OP#:MMN9OP{–$.F#4"56789
4*"lo$ST(K%@#B"Z#:F'> &ƒU"C&#:
MMN9OPJXJ*•GGGGF#`Ja6F&{€1SK"1;#:
MMN9OPL#:MMN9OP{74*%"lo6%BGGGGGJ
c. Tp các thanh ghi
^BF#"56789"5{,)&"&[P#I$%F
&*S•{F/[$.H2F&"lo"?.€9G
"9,'(&"loF*)(H@i({&H"FI€
9G"9Y4*9"9,^BFJ'&%F$.F&"5{7$S
T($!(4*$ST($%$r"A"^BF&l{@#
%+J'J*FJ'RLHRLHNHj4*O9wlJ'ŽHFJ'*S
ƒF"#"F&9"9,
Hình 1.2: Tệp thanh ghi
G
F&9G4*9)"9,{F/[2&9G

"lo$%FJ'+(#:lA$r-NP‚-%&N$%$&@PK@%$S„H
$%6F&9)"9,"loJ*@F&%$†l
"lo@%+$.rF&%$†&S"lo$%5J'
F(t%&‚9KK$$K$%„
d, Khối logic số học
;IIDJX‚-„!'F&%Fl&%F—(u(WI
D4*JX$.#C&F&"|"loƒ" F&%F*S"lo
!'$%@#6Œ"ZZ"AJ˜Pi@#&%F-"5J*@Bl_
"Fh$%&$+F‚RR„HŒ#4*%J'
e, Bộ nh EEPROM
^BF#4"56789"5{@##:MMN9OP$.(
jJlo#:MMN9OP&S"2€1SK$.#"567EGR)GGH
SG\)"1;$.PK&G,F&t"7$ST(MMN9OPZ@
&" &ƒMMN9OP‚MM9„H&bJ'MMN9OP‚MMj9„H4*&
"567MMN9OP‚MM9„L#:MMN9OPJ*@##:6X @^bJ'
6Z"'^( UjbJ'$%{{7"lo4*`{&}"'4*
4r4TS4'4*"D#:*S{7J*@$!(L#:*S"lo`K@l@#
#:bJ'l<6X"lo$ST(l@##:R9P@*"lo
$ST(l@# %+4h&$ST("74@^6%B)Y"1
@H4*(#4*%Z"'^(%4"567‚8„
f. Bộ nh SRAM
L#:R9P{$.F#`Ja{F*&%$%D89
jJloC&#:R9P&S"2€)=SK"1;L#:R9P"lo
$ST(}F5J'$ST(bJ'$!(%?F(L#
:*Sw"!A%[`(h&$ST(#:R9P})
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:R9P_.%*>7%(u($ST(#:R9P%*$.NO94*
NO9C&F#"567wlW'-Mt%4'(]6." &
ƒ\bJ'HR9M‚0„$%&P9"lo"?*‰Š


Hình 1.3. Bản đồ bộ nhớ dữ liệu SRAM
g. Các cổng vào ra
^BF#"56789"5{@#JloJ:F24*%\$&}@
$%6%B€,$.EGR),),"1=$.PK&G,^BF2JI$&
C&F#"56789{7 •"'")G@.$^Wo("I4:
4'"567$!(F-Mj4r6X"@+2F24*%$&
"5{," &ƒ4*%$&"6™@4:<L&" &ƒ4*%\$&"lo""7"?^
r%F$.'*JI4*%%?JI$&H" &ƒ6F""7`^$&b
J':F"{"lo"?^r*JI$&H4*" &ƒ/,"lo""7"D
bJ'€F]"{"lo^r*JI4*%
h. Truy nhập bộ nh và thực thi lnh
L#`Ja89"lo"567_"ZZ'IH"ZZ*S{7_
.%*%?H{Z+4*"lo(u(H@#"ZZ9.$%{7"lo
>ZZ'I*S6X3&^6Œ#&*%4*"lo$!
(%^BF&%F$ST(.$%#`JaL#`Ja{@#"lhI
&H4*J'r@+(\B@|‚QK\K%K„"lo!'"Zh4:4'
!J'/@iJJ'"lor@+(‚QK„H"]SJ*@#J'J.3&"
-H{{7"lo!_6I-%@#$r"AJ˜P?6FH4'
$ST(#:R9P@@^)6ŒS.]J*4'$ST(#:
R9P@#&%$†t%" &ƒ#:9P&%
$†*SƒJ*@#$%F&%$†‚F?(&•HšH%?›„{$.
($r"ZZ/^"lo""7$ST('(&4*"7&%
)
F$.&%$†œh"7@6<C&6Œ"ZZ/^H6I-
!'(u(W*SH4*&"{" &ƒ*S‚%?"D$&€"{4*%&"W„
i. Ngắt trên AVR
Hình 1.4. Sơ đồ ngắt
K$$(Hlh"loDJ*UHJ*@#W'6~^(_"#`JWH
S.#`JW+@€/6UF%+"#'+"7‰BSŠ"@#A
6F!'@#'@46~^(*%"{H'@4*SDJ*$r(4U

•$‚K$$(K$4K$%K„R&66<'@4$%$H#"@lA
$ry"lo$B45F$ $l:"{"7#`JW3&S45!'(F'@4
•&_l4TSHU{@/"#l.`JW&%^HUlh"lot
"7`JWF!6'^hl6XI3F5h&FW'‘"
U{7`^(F€F .$%(‚UF%#"@@K$\%K$
$*HUF%3F$r_bJ'}9R),)6<x„&S%FF].
%*‚UF%{%"lo^HUF%{{bJ'"|"loTx„
k. Timer – Counter
@K$\%K$J*F@%JK"#JT(4:N/[WC&F#
@K$\%K$Hl.DC&<HJ*" h‚+%$&@#6%Bh&H"@
h&x„4*"@!6'$.F(89HF#@K$\%K$•{.@
/[+%$&F`"5$#NŽP‚NJKŽP%J&%„H_@#I•
89H  @#  I  @K$\%K$  •  "lo  t  l  F  #  ]  ƒ  h  &
‚&J$&%„$%F/h&!F#@K$\%K$"lo&K%
"#$#&/&F$ " h&SF$ "@C&<H7$.(
@K&={)#@K$=‚@K$\%K$G4*@K$\%K$)„4*#
‚@K$\%K$„
,
1.4.3. Đặc tính giao tip của vi điu khin AVR
8"56789{6B[&%(‚$S5X„}&(lA
(F(
•$S5X9
•$S5XRN
•$S5X)
a. Truyn thông UART
T  b  R9  $%    &  J*  4  U  C&  @  €  4K$&J
RS$%%•S$%%K$&J9K4K4K$&$&@K$Hz&J*#$S5
TI("Z#4*6X"Z#<a$}6F'@R9‚&S
9ƒ{"#$S5T6X"Z#„lh"7ƒ (
/‚K4KH&$“&$K„H6X(Bƒ@#~&%(R9&S9

(B6o(4:@# S7"2@/"'F("7+%$&@#~&%(*%
"{8WH~9R),)‚&SOP„$.F@FSWF]J*!6o(C&(
94*(S7"2@/"'F(W'€(9lhK%@/
-@/J%J*YH@/J%“J*G8$%6"{HW'K%~9R),)
$.@FSWF]lhJ*•)8%@/J%4*•)%@/J%“
b. Truyn thông SPI
RN‚RK$&JNK$(K$&JL„J*@#~$S5XI(I"#&%%
|P%%$%J&"5`^>]SJ*67$S5XP&K$•RJ&4KH$%"{{(
P&K$"5(I3F$rS5X4*F(RJ&4K"lo"567_P&K$
4r$S5Xƒ`BS$&b&P&K$4*RJ&4KRNJ*@#F$S5%X
‚QJJ(JK`„z&J*+t@#h"7@3F$r$S54*T{7`BS$&
"ZhRN"X6"loDJ*~$S5X‰1]SŠ4r{1"lh&%(
$%~*S"{J*R;‚RK$&JJ%6„HPRO‚P&K$(RJ&4KO(„HPOR
‚P&K$O(RJ&4K(„4*RR‚RJ&4KRKJK„
c. Truyn thông I2C
Ž‚“%•Ž$KRK$&JK$K&QK„J*@#@%JK$S5XI("Z
#$.F(89!&$.~$S5X))J*4UC&€K$•
K$&K$J*@#~$S5X%|"'NJ(RK@%%$
FJT(4*`]S!*~[@EEG85ABŽ$%89%*%*
lAW)H%"{r@7ŽC&896Xƒ<(+&%(b&F
894:&@*{7tŽ"7"567^6Œ@# *%K%~
)‚F(:H#S7"2jHjH"ZZh&!x„
Ž‚)„J*@#$S5XI("&(C‚+@ C&@€
@J•@&K$K$&J%@(K$„;F'@‰@J•@&K$Š"lo7J*$%$.
t@#{7{5A@# J*@P&K$H"Zh@#RJ&4K{7
$_*@#P&K${{6B[8W$%@#@+ŽC&589
1
6I4:&H^6Œ@#89*%"5{7$_*P&K$_@#h"7@
*%"{S.@#@+t@#89"567F(:‚l
MMN9OP)1G)1•+„r6F'@‰@J•@&K$Š6XZ+4rF

(:"lo6–J*RJ&4KH6X{6B[$_*@&K$Ž‚)„
"lo!'$.)"lhRj‚RK$&Jj„4*R-‚RK$&JJ%6„$%"{
RjJ*"lh$S5\TbJ'4*R-J*"lh` ([/K%~
)HF"lhRj4*R-$.F {^r‰!{(@_Š‚%(K•$&
%?%(K•%JJK%$„Hz&J*{F‰"'$_6u%J.Š‚(JJ•($K%$„%F
"lh*Sœ$+Fƒ‚JK„H)]Rj4*R-_@/&%
1.4.4. Vi điu khin Atemega16
PMJ*4"567=!&$.6$<9R4:6B[
!'@iJ'$%4•@#6Œ`J%6HPM{7"+"lo
I"#PNR‚$'J'\„
Hình 1.5. ATMEGA 16
'^&%‚(K$Q%$@&K„HJ*J%+4"56789=X^
^(
1.4.4.1. Sơ đồ khối và chức năng các khối
Y
Hình 1.6. Sơ đồ khối của ATMEGA16
a. CPU
NC&89{/["B@B%!%+"#W`FFlA
$rj%"{{(B{6B[$ST(#:H!'F3F$rW%FH
"567F %+44*3BJaU
8"567K@K&{^$<&$4&$H$%"{"lh$S5%#
:bJ'‚&&@K@%$S„4*"lh$S5$%#:lA$r‚($%$&@
@K@%$S„"loF$.j&&@K@%$S{=4*N$%$&@@K@%$S{


Hình 1.7. Sơ đồ cấu trúc ATMEGA16
b. Khối I/O
8"567&@K&{,)"lh4*%$&&J*@1(%$NO9HNO9
LHNO9HNO9j@i(%$={7lAF"567€@#F
2$&{"'$_#6u%J..6t/[(&6Xt"'

$_6u%J._.%*F(%$"lo"567_F#&&&
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c.Tổ chức bộ nh
RA"Z#:
Hình 1.8. Sơ đồ bộ nhớ ATMEGA 16
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6X&#:9PJ+&J*@,(F&/[HF
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(C&#:bJ'lJ+%*%*"/"#JT(l@##:"#JT(4*
w"lo"F" &ƒ$.
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N-*(".$%#:bJ'&%Z@,)&/
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($%D89"5&%Z@,)&9KK$sJK{" &ƒS'"I€
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4t:O8t:\OJ*&…&%(b&N4* %+48t
:\O{7"lo$ST(lR9P&SlF&\O
=
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Hình 1.9. Bộ nhớ SRAM
l$S`^lF&\Or" &ƒC&<"loW€
G`GGGG"G`GG,s
N,K$&JR9PJ*4t6X&%/&F$%J<!
lA$r
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$.4*{" &ƒW€G`GGGG
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E
Hình 1.10. Bộ nhớ chương trình Flash
L#:lA$r{" &ƒ€GGGG:GGG"lo*%B
4uAU
Bảng 2.1. Reset và véc tơ ngắt
d. Các thanh ghi cơ bản
• &$+F
)G
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Hình 1.11. Thanh ghi trạng thái
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J%&JK$$(K&JK\&JKQJ&‚"]SJ*%(u(%*U
*S_$+FJ%Gr6X{@#U*%"lo(4„
• &jj9`
>]SJ*&=‚&{7"D4*F_&*S„4*{F
"567l:2NO9`‚/J*2$&&S24*%„l@#
$%&*S"loKrlA/"{$.NO9`"lo" z&l
@#2$&loJ+l"{6X"loKrlA/$.NO9`
"lo" z&J*24*%
• &NO9`
>]SwJ*&=‚F{7"D4*"lo„{J*&b
J'C&2N`4*$%$lho(2"lo" z&J*2$&r6&
@#J.&*Sr]lA/$.(%$"{w{t@/J%
$%$lho(@*2"lo" z&J*24*%r&*SJ+@&b
J'"56727*%"{C&&*S"loK‚"l&J.@/„
r"'$_6u%J.‚(JJ•(„C&]lA/C&(%$"{y"lo6W%+lo
J+{y_$+F•›&*S&66_"#8"567y{F$
J*G`GG
• &N`
>]SJ*&=/&bJ'4*%C&NO9`‚$%$lho(NO9`
"loJT(J*24*%„4*{ƒ{7"D@*6X74*%"lo
)
1.4.4.2. Sơ đồ chân và chức năng các chân
Hình 1.12. Sơ đồ chân của ATMEGA 16
@K&Z@{1G]
]"=2T(`^bJ'%%L‚NO9L„{{7"lo
F/["?'&S4rT(`^bJ'

]E9MRM"7"l&(45$+F&"
]G8^(ZX%4"567
]H,j)]*S"I4:&4*I"^
])H,)]•-)4*•-t"7"l&` (€.%*
4*%(
]1")2T(`^bJ'%%j‚NO9j„{{7
"loF/["?'&S4rT(`^bJ'
]))")E2T(`^bJ'%%‚NO9„{{7
"loF/["?'&S4rT(`^bJ'
],G8^("'F(%F%#j
],)9Ms"'F(%FW'4*%j
],,"1G24*%$&bJ'%%‚NO9„%*$&{•
"loWo(#S7"2W'lA!&W'Ij‚&&J%%&J
%4K$K$„
))
1.5. Module SIM900
1.5.1. Cấu trc Module SIM900.
P%JKRPEGG{W[l@#"'%+{7{{W
J*@#"'%+"#4r{{6B[6I4:@+RP"7!'
FF4lA!l@#"'%+rlhlD"'HU4*
6IN9RX3&T(J'%*$&{{6B[U{NR
Hình 1.13. Module SIM900
P%JK RPEGG{7%+"#$%FB[RP=YGP’H
MPREGGP’HjR=GGP’4*NREGGP’>lo64:6Wl:$^
†D.RPEGGl"lo$^5/'&SlP)P
‚P%JK%P%JK„H$%FR@&$N%KHNjHF " 4 @&S4*F
 "#6F%?F/C&8-‚%@&K8KJK-%&%„4*
%F 4" 4 6FHx&%(4TJa$%/"'%+C&
RPEGGJ*G]H{^(^BF&%'4TJab&@%JKRP4*%
@+/

{RK$&J(%$4*jK(%$<(‹*A$%4'(F$7/

P#6.&%&%Z@B(C&P$%(%K4*O(C&R(K&6K$
{‹*"lo^r}J'3&2&%(I(
&%(4:@&$Il"'%+"#
),
Hình 1.14. Sơ đồ khối SIM900
P%JKRPEGGi$o&%/N\NH$^bW%4'$S5bJ'
$.K$KRPEGG"lo64:X'6'@[Jlo4r4TS@/
.ƒ_@/HY@_$%"#R-MMN
1.5.2. Tập lnh AT của Module SIM900
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