!"#$%& ' ()*+,-
./&.
"#%&-012$3&45167
89+,./&#:1;<3=>?,
- @
A?BC.&DE.3?BC<3FG%&<33H6
%&I<33JKL,2@<32:MN<3!;
<3O7@P&#<3O7!& B7Q=>OM1
!2G'
C/,<RS7NTUV@@W3V@@UXTX2
XYZZ@[XN2M%&<3)N)N?!
)ND\
ZY?.2NXY?Z<& N' 1!2@]Y^P
[2_`^`\\@
aDLNb$/F%& <!3&c__[(\Z:__[(?!
\Z:__[dD1\@:____1DEB.&DE
Fe__DEB' @__' F1c_[c_\:_
[:_\F%& <!3&$<&cc_Z::_Z::_[&?-f3&
&Sg?\@b1S F%& ,!1!F1!?!
dD1&$@h/1S F%& <!3& 1O7@
57;,' 1!N' 1! &?%&
<!3&(hbN
T i& &S& -#,,+1!K&dD1F&#D
?C$D2!$11!<!3&O7
&
T hM1!,+Dj kFS 1!&7!O7
%& WABD1&M[%& F#;F
<!l!&#S !2711!\
T P&#&&&S<.&MF!DL&R&M
U<!3&F&#S !2711!
T > .&Q&3S<R#,1!#7@
./&' 1!F0?&SmC<!3&!;Fh
Pem.?&S<&N
TP7F&H#D& ,1!' dD1@1!'
n- 71!Fe1!/1fo7G
1De< ,' p@b1S F7<R&2,
1!&?%&!,<RMdD1D"M@
:
TUF<R& B2%& &S<O0&<!3&2%& &S
,<R0&1!,+@b1!16<!3&2F16<O
0&1!/1!& &#,%&<!3&Km,
m[\@W&%&<!3&F21M'&7
%& <O0&,1!1Km,2F1S qR
-m%& &S<O0&2@b1&m*?&</
7F1!2%& <rDL2</7D22%& <O
0&dD1D2 M@P77SdD1MO1
!L.B&</7@W/7L.21<rDL<!
3&FMMdD1H7QdD12M' 1
!@@@s" 1!qDL%& <O0&BMFHMDEM
11;-O7?C-M@
!"
a7?#1dD1%& ,' 1!L&7
n-"?#1dD12&t.&DE@b&n-
"dD1&t.&DE?-$%&
' 1!L&70"#$%& ?#1dD1F
H"#N
T b"727</7uN
Tk3J[?fMdD1eM
!7Q &,\)
T$6<rDLF 2 uN$167
7F?JD67F"-<#?<3BSDL
2445?@b"# G27DL
Tb"</<!<&!&45AUN</<!<&,45AUF
2vFD271=>' 2B&1
4WA<L.&;FQD.&DE,'2B!
?!1O.&DE,G@
Ti& ,1!/1@?D?&?-??
%& ,/1;<w2?#10 &#<3;F-M
;.?#1=>&1<w;M?$.%& ' @
DTWR.- $01!<rDL1!.&DE@
1!<rDL01-&1 2F31O@@6'1
<rDL7%&<!3&Fe1!.&DEQ
01-& 1& BDQCQ<!lKC&?x<!3&
m /7e,m@aS F2<R.-01!<rDL1!
.&DE@
P 2FF31OdDE,2q1& BCQ<!
lK/7eSF1my1<rDL7
%&<!3&@%&<!3&FdDE1-&7[ 2FF
31O\7%&<!3&F1mfeDQ@W&
z
?C0 -<rDL 2L7F
1!<rDLL72?.?@
WR.-01!<rDL1!.&DE1<R7,R
1<!3&@WR.-01!<rDL1!.&DE<R
LL?,1-&&@PdDEqDQ1S F1
<M7F 2y2DL1?e,@>2F
&??BQ, 2& B<!lC6F
2LL?{?R1R.@
WRLL?,7%&?/1!#1R1R
.@b1<RLL?,7%&?/17<#k
<#M1' E%& $,' 1!@
P 2F-MF<R.-01!<rDL1!.&
DEFD2<RLL?, 2F1!DL
10R&,7%&?/&@
C<R".F2Bm*+,../&N5B$%&
' 1!FQ?#R173q7)$$<&7)<r
DL-&%&!$R<!3&, 2F)$%& ,1!/
1Q&@|@Qm*LS&B$%& ,
C3-'13q7!!%& ##%&-0&t
.&DEB.MO7<!3&!!!6<#3q@
h@P}@~K[0?A•A\q1G& ?T,
<!F?3B-;!,"@
hqM?G?T2G& dD1
oe!p@hu?T./&1;/<3 iUWA#
K-<R7%&M44WA?m1Q@iUWA2
./&%&-01616%&<3F"#F.&
DE0,! @i<32K-?m1Q%&-<O
0&;<O,?m1Q?m1Q%&-F
&SV7OMiUWA2e%&GK?B&-
€e?,1@
b./&@/<3h@qkQ&C27d<32
;<O6,Fd?<3(hb<32@h@ 2
B3&B./&Q#"&&y7M,<3"
1;R<L?G@
U2<!l,72B•q7&Q&2,16
DEB&1@b27ME?!#%@-00
16<32@W3@22ME@<rF23&-
HM?2&?-N
T 2"3[2<R& .2F<30
?&\
T 2<R-1;#d?,016<3@h@@‚K
qof2<!l,01"7S?L&7
&#D-&12p
ƒ
22BODMSB0&ODMSB[\&7
N
T <rDL@=<rDL?!<rDL!16
<32.&DE<rDL16?/<rDL3F
<32<rDLH6SF2f
1R--<rDL .&DE2F&?2fOM
?!$@=<rDLDLBMF„LBM7<r
DLLB&&vD2'2
<rDL1M
T 2e2&7N2C&1[<R.&</F.&
kF\S22@4BM2?
2;<O&,1G2F2B&-
#%&-0016<32@U&7,2EH
MC#&1M"&&y&Od2F
&7,2Dd,<32%& 2
LBC&1@
=2DC&1,16<3@2?@2Fe
1,@2D1.&B2%& 1
K6@@PN“Chỉ có số lượng lao động, hay thời gian lao động
tất yếu, trong một xã hội nhất định để sản xuất một vật phẩm mới là cái quyết định
lượng giá trị”@b2?!u@-u@3
Q[2@e•B<37<rDL20?
,377M&7167&
32\@hQm*uRF3Q1;1;
-,16<3&M7S22.16O6
-,16<332@63Q7M1
?#„?2 12' K@
./&%&-0.&[1\</<3,o
1S M1,72 Kf-&S1
B-22Kf-</<3,2p@}"&
</<3, b$<&7F21u<#1
<!l<!3&7;6d63QB<!
3&7;<!lF&63QB<37<!
l$[/</<3 $3&!\1,2
1M
he 1677/7?l1;F<R${-G,16
7@aS ?1677$.F17E
7;6'$.1<!l1M'$.1;
/e1,7;<!l?@AJ!F$
1677'#1?JD67@1S F$<&
716777?#
dDEm#&?%&!E$<#1<!l<3
6@
…
412D63Q%& S B
u0@2<!l,/M[/!#MFG
SF†& -\2<!l,!;[/fQ2</
16'M1\qfuo/Mf!;1"
.' CF 2m;F!;1".Fr71;
/M•;1;1;71;!;;p@aS F?
16 !;;B%& !/M
!;@
#$%!&#'()$*+#,-$.
/*!0/$./ 12345367285395:;2<=>89>?@
>3A28B6>C4>DEF89>?@>3A28B6>6728DE
i& &SdD1&#%&-?,0;!
31!FB&-<R27,1<!#@""&&y
#?0@aS &SdD1oe!pG
& ?3@
W36C<R"2,<32•[<32!;\&
?-N7161RD"BF1M<3&7!<1
B<#)S&17<# 7<#16BS.
03-@a<R<rDL-27MD1qO
1!/&NTUT</O2&7
<rDL122d-F<3<32
1!<rDL1-&<3</1!q& 23;<r
DL<rDL,</%&.&DE2<m/%&
M2F%& </qM71
;,!"2/MdD1@W3D2?f<R
#0<3<rDLe<R#0<3<r
DLdD1F1S RdD1D<#MK
</F?,16&.@
AJ!7D&?F<3MD121;2N
T 1;<3=>& -#
T 1;<3=>1;#
Sản xuất giá trị thặng dư tuyệt đối
Giá trị thặng dư tuyệt đối là giá trị thặng dư thu được do kéo dài tuyệt đối ngày lao
trong khi năng suất lao động, giá trị sức lao động và thời gian lao động tất yếu không
thay đổi.
=!<r@!&12<1B<rDL 7_6F
2…667 &…667dD11
B&Dju<;H<&" N
6 &…6
6dD1…6
‡
n<&dD1NgY
5
5
×__ˆY__ˆ
=!<r1!?JD 7& -#.:6F?6
7 &? Fy…6?2 711<&N
n<&dD1NgY
5
7
×__ˆYƒ_ˆ
b1S F??JD& -# 7&?-67
&? F67dD1$.F.n<&dD1
$.@b1DL.n<&dD1C__ˆF$.ƒ_ˆ@5"
1;<3=>& -#
h1!G?JD 7F1 720
M2=Md<D!26$F,Ff
;F!BLH</?vD2?B?JDu R.;0
"?.%& &emk .%& .2"&
&yF%&&E 1;%&R1%& 7D
1DE< !D; &'?B1%&M
BQ,1CM<r@h&7&,
"e 7.&&lF c6q?JD?n@"
';<OB1!<rDL1;?;B$16
2721;N
sản xuất giá trị thặng dư tương đối
Giá trị thặng dư tương đối là giá trị thặng dư thu được nhờ rút ngắn thời gian lao
động tất yếu( thời gian lđ c;n thiết) để kéo dài tương ứng thời gian lđ thặng dư trong
khi độ dài ngày lao động không đổi b>ng cách tăng năng xuất lđ hoặc phát biểu cách
khác là: giá trị thặng dư tương đối là GTTD thu được nhờ rút ngắn thời gian lđ tất yếu
b>ng cách hB thấp giá trị sức lđ do đó kéo dài thời gian lao động thặng dư trong khi độ
dài ngày lđ không thay đổi
=!<r 7_6…667 &…66
7dD11B&DjO<;HD1N
n<&dD1N gY
5
5
×__ˆY__ˆ
=!uD$$3&<31-&<Md
<31-&<3BM1-&<MF&2</[</
1u1-&<GQB<3</\!
&m3&#ez667dD1$.‰611B&
DjD1" N
6Q…
6dD1‰
6 &…6
6dD1…6
‰
n<&dD1NgY
3
7
×__ˆY:zzFzzˆ
b1S Fn<&dD1q$C__ˆ.:zzFzzˆ
b&MQ&,,+1!F<!3&dD1& -#
1;, &FM<&F??t&SBF<!3&
d1;#1;, &@
G28:=>HIDJ28U-&<&,71u<#1<!l
M7;6Fd167BM7
;<!l@b$<&7L&77?t&S,16
7F/?t&S,7F1;/F%&!*&
?-R.@
$$<&7B-O„NU7?$F1<#
1<!l7;6$.FD2,7;
2!3&#F&22+N=,2Ff-
$<&7@
6K28DJHIDJ284/777;6@
$1677<w$K7D2$<#1<!
l71;/FS 72? @
b1S O" 1;/<3dD1& -#, &DE
-$67& -#2'#1$167FAJ
!F$1677'#1?JD67
he1;<3dD11;#-$$3&
<31-&<Md<31-&<3BM1-&<M
2e%&
2M$3&1672#.-dw1
21;/<3<3dD1[ &S\%& &S& -#
,1;/<3F1!qSDL#e,$3&
7[-$$3&u?CDL7,
?G?+&S\167BM&dD1& -#1;#
%& 727 ;@
:I:9238>>BFL23M2N>O:=>8>>BF>O:=>L23M2PQ32>R3:S
3CT23UHVH89>?>3>?6K28VH3283UH>32389;:<VH3283UH
6 &z6 6dD1‰6
c
h@P}@~K[0?A•A\q1G& ?T,
<!F?3B-;!,"@
hqM?G?T2G& dD1
oe!p@W!3&=>[ &S&L.&7;& -#,
C1!!<3@
aS 0=>&S2#?&8
uF1!•1!H1!?-&N[Q(
HMD1DM4WAT 2F31OFV\1!?!?-&N
[Q(DEB&2W45\%&<!3&MdD1F
/<&N
ZYZZ
ZY?[<!3&1!,+2QEM!,0
1-&<!3&/[\!</7[\q.&DEB<!3&
1!\F<#1!&1<&?2K!
167;?1G&SF?*-&[@\b1S F/ZYZ
Z" 6& BZY?Z@bF16?S
&S<C1Ou'M&SF/1!&1
&SD71!/1M
RF&S/& B2,dD1D7<#M
F1%&-v,71!/1@
TL23M2F89>?@>3A28B6W3923H;F3=>F6L28
ZaFdD17D&.1MC+R<!3&F
QD</e&S/.,dD1
1R-1&.&S1%&-?%&!,
<3v,7/1@
Za1F&3JOC1!-?&YQ&!2
mu,2FD21Y1[Y\@b&&ŠQ&
!2`2.`)&&`Q&!2Š
2.Š@b13q7D!u
2.[\Y[\
dD1& B&Sn<&dD1'
& Bn<&&S@n<&dD1?-&N[g\n-Q$
0<#1dD11!?!K/NgY|3__[ˆ\
n<&&S}gn-Q$0<#dD171!
/1[Z\K/N}gY|[Z\@__[ˆ\@
AJ1n<&&S[}g\&•;n<&dD1[g\@
aFn<&dD1B&-7€37
27,1!#"@<#D</M
"11O.&FeM.&@hB
f3&=>$F&#?A•A__ˆ$‹…_Q:z_ˆ$
‹c_z…ˆO@en<&&Sf2./D,-Q&11
!@}gfQ&11!Q&1"&2@
‹
n<&&SL&7n<&dD1Nn<&dD1$n<&
&S$)#7&& B1!F&M0&;,1!?-1!
@
,S3CT23UHVH89>?@>3>?6K28VH3283UH>32389;:<VH3283UH
<32/MN
T M77
T M0
ŒM77M0D-E<37
M2u 0?<3.&L2B&1
&S<.&M@%&!,<RM .16@
P7M21<3;<O<3?&2??T?7
/%&!?&F.-?&@b1?21
16?!K-1K16@=
16F7d&,021<37
?&R<322Fd?M!16-
,021<30?&,?&R2
7?#1<#0<!l,?&R @=16
1Kz16<&N
••16!&2D-,M7S21<3
?&%& @5" 16@
••16,2D,M7S21<3
?3&%& @16 F?f;<O2?<3#F
;<O2?<3&'&1&S<.&M
••16,2D,M7S21<3
?#%& 16 f2;<O<3?<3#
&1&S<.&MFH6?f;<O<3?D?J
&„;<Ž<&?-&'?B&1,
2@
=16,2F1%&M0
E7@(-, &,MG
$$3&BM-"1,2D
<3
ŒM0F<R&S%&"!<3N
hM0M0D-<30M
2?&FuS;Q&12@%&!,<RM
.f<&&S%&"@aDLN!ON;?FD-F
D21Q&1&___F2f3&Du__ˆB-O!<&" N
b<!3& h<!3& •[ˆ\ #1D •[ˆ\
h;? c__Z:__ __ :__ :_
>- ‰__Zz__ __ z__ z_
D ‡__Zƒ__ __ ƒ__ ƒ_
}[\
2N}XYTTTTTTT3__
_
hZ
?RDMFO;?2f<&&S<w
& BQ&1D2f<&&S;F&<!
l,;?!3&#.!$Ff<&&SO;?
<K$.C:_ˆ.z_ˆ{MH6DQ&1D$.
.&<!l$.1Q&<!l.!<!lD!
3&#f<&&SD!Cƒ_ˆ3&#z_ˆ{M@h&#E
?DO?&&&1f<&&S<<f&@b1
S <RM0?D?&Dj
%&-D& BRDC2f<&&S<2
f<&&S f<&&S#2,.f
<&&S%&"&B-O/<&N
‘
TTTT‘
}YTTTTTTTTYTTTTTTTT3__ˆ
‘Z‘Z
TTTT
}Nf<&&S%&"<#%&"0f<#&SF
&Su&,0/1&?DO/
2&M0&;1@f<&&S%&"F
1&S%&",2[UYZZ\& B
!<3@=!<3,2u<327&S
%&"/N
TT
=Y?Z
<3
?!<316,23 %&!<3@h;
<O,!<3.3JKM3<#!.
16u<#!<3 u<#2@
532X4>8YH>R3ZC>X[>R3>\F>M5>?28>XP;>33:>]:HI:S
3123438YH>X:^B\28F>X>1B_2828C28`228>G28aCb
>R3ZC
A?BC.&DE.3?BC<3FG%&<33H6%&
<33JKL,2@<32:MN<3!;<3O
7@P&#<3O7!& B7Q=>OM1!2G
'
C/,<RS7NTUV@@W3V@@UXTX2
XYZZ@[XN2M%&<3)N)N?!)N
D\
ZY?.2NXY?Z<& N' 1!2@]Y^P[2
_`^`\\@
aDLNb$/F%& <!3&c__[(\Z:__[(?!\Z
:__[dD1\@:____1DEB.&DEFe__
DEB' @__' F1c_[c_\:_[:_\F%& <!
3&$<&cc_Z::_Z::_[&?-f3&[g\?\@b1S F%&
,!1!F1!?!dD1&$@h/1S F%&
<!3& 1O7@
57;,' 1!N' 1! &?%&
<!3&(hbN
T i& &S& -#,,+1!K&dD1F&#D?
C$D2!$11!<!3&O7 &
T hM1!,+Dj kFS 1!&7!O7%&
WABD1&M[%& F#;F<!
l!&#S !2711!
T P&#&&&S<.&MF!DL&R&MU
<!3&F&#S !2711!
T > .&Q&3S<R#,1!#7@
. Những nhân tố quyết định quy mô của tích lũy tư bản
a7?#1dD1%& ' L&7f-"
?#1dDR%&t' %&t.&DE,1!@b&f-
2?F%& ' L&70"#%& %& ?#1
dD1FLBN
T b"727</7uN
$1677)?JD 7)$6<rDLF
2 )k3J@b"# G27DL
Tb"</<!<&!&45AUN</<!<&,45AUF2
vFD271=>' 2B&14WA<
L.&;FQD.&DE,'2B!?!1O
.&DE,G@
Ti& ,1!/1@?D?&?-??%&
,/1;<w2?#10 &#<3;F-M;.?#
1=>&1<w;M?$.%& ' @
DTWR.- $01!<rDL1!.&DE@
Tích tụ tư bản<R$.%& ,1!-u1!2=>@
aDL…___13&__D…__@
L%& &,<3D .&Q&,%& &SDF,MF
,7??d?D1D27 $' $Dy
L$
Tập trung tư bản<R$.%& ,1!-u&
-<’27-?;@
S&1!1R-%&MFd.v.?M
&B<!F2'2B1R-uDL
:
5B#&,LS&N!:&$%& 1!-F
&D%& &S%& &SM#F&$</M,1!.
16F&$16<R#,1!#7@
>B&N
Ta&H#,L1!dD1F2$!-3F
2MO?#1D271FeS&1!DR1!-
2<’$-1?$3FM,S&7
TaR#%&-NL1!RB&-%&-01!
72?%&!,-2D271,eS&1!R
B&-%&-7701!&FDMFdK?
&@@
TLS&%&-S&Fml &B@L
$%& </M,-D2M<w k;DyS&
M;FS&MM?&S$1627Fl MLF!
1O%&M,LS&' $@
&t%&LS& $
••WR.-0<rDL1!.&DE$%&
' 1!
1!<rDL01-&1 2F31O@@6'1
<rDL7%&<!3&Fe1!.&DEQ
01-& 1& BDQCQ<!lKC&?x<!3&
m /7e,m@aS F2<R.-01!<rDL1!
.&DE@
P 2FF31OdDE,2q1& BCQ<!
lK/7eSF1my1<rDL7
%&<!3&@%&<!3&FdDE1-&7[ 2FF
31O\7%&<!3&F1mfeDQ@W&
?C0 -<rDL 2L7F
1!<rDLL72?.?@
WR.-01!<rDL1!.&DE1<R7,R
1<!3&@WR.-01!<rDL1!.&DE<R
LL?,1-&&@PdDEqDQ1S F1
<M7F 2y2DL1?e,@>2F
&??BQ, 2& B<!lC6F
2LL?{?R1R.@
WRLL?,7%&?/1!#1R1R
.@b1<RLL?,7%&?/17<#k
<#M1' E%& $,' 1!@
P 2F-MF<R.-01!<rDL1!.&
DEFD2<RLL?, 2F1!DL
10R&,7%&?/&@
z
C<R".F2BmS3JN5B$%& ' 1!FQ?
#R173q7)$$<&7)<rDL-&%&!$
R<!3&, 2F)$%& ,1!/1Q&@|@
c
"%&&Q,<3-@.-%&m
k6&& B,1!89+,-./&.@
N
b./&&Q&& B,(./&<R1&,(-
W!3&1!,+<R#-/0%&<!3&%&
1&'/#%&MdD1%&R-
dD1@K1;C&12?G?./&41&,1!
-!(-1./&O" (-[-*
+%&G<3SF?DK1;/(hb\)-
&F2.16Km,2Dj7! )&
M0&;? %@./&@M(f2-
2&QQ ,HMFD& ?f
M=>eM=>
(-&QK/<&N
4WA
TU“@@@@@WA@@@@UX@@@@X
W/
i&/& (S7%&M/M
,(R-z/$?&N
T M&[TU\/(-
T MWA[UTWATUX\/(<3
T M[UXTX\/(2
1S zM2M1&7M<3
M&Q,1!M<!3&2*+%& F
2kRL,<!3&1!,+@C" 2N
+&Q,1!<RS7.L(C <
?HOQ&?#1;
B&?N<RS7,!%&zMFQ1%&zFH
%& OQ&?f1!He$.G
<R&Q(@
M<3,&Q(/<&N
U@@@@@@<3@@@@@UX
M FHMD1? &#N4WAW45@U
&# &#;!,G%&<33@
ƒ
d23I2VH>X:<Ub28>3e,fggghihigggg,f
POQ&?m&QWAFS7,(B&-<RS7
?C,W3@M7 2-f0 &
#&F7%&1&UXTXTUf&?-<3@&Q
f€2[UXTX\C%&<3?%R,<3Fe1!
-[XTU\?%&!,-R-2[UXTX\FH61;
-&&l &#%&<3F+-f
&2& B<3@&Q,<3?f
17;FLS7,1M€1&H#,F2
,"' MFC%&<3@&Q,<3!
.L,<3F+?<w?B2?,!<3C@
”M[UXTX\,&QF2D%&<3M
2 HMD12@!62'
F2f2?2<!l,%&<3F?,
22/1=>[UXYUZ\@M FfR-
/$,2?21F& B21@m
MF2-
&Q,2/NUXTXTU@@@@WA@@@@UX
5B3&?m,&Q&F2B&-,F<3
-f0&F?,@U&Q
Me,1&2.L,1&2@U
&Q ?!f,-e
",3FR!#%&-00
<3&@•[&•\
M&,&Q([TU\/2(-@
&Q,-1B&O/<&N
–U@@@@WA@@@@@U•TXGNT•
POQ&?m&@WRS7,(<RS7,@U
2 <3fI KK&<#&Bv@&QT•G%&
&&F%&-27&!#&.K&F1
1&v;@U&Q !€-L7
;S7,($KM=>F;0=>MB&-O
M2G,2@(OS &Q(-[T•\
B&-D-FKD&F1'd1FS<R
S7,(
#j%*+#*#%'kl0##$m[n283oHVHF=2D
28312e
33CT2>X:SFD12>\VH>XaH9Fp28>d23I2[qFp28>d23I2
3WrB@33CT2VH>Xg9Fs>t>d23I2VH>X[W3D6LIJ>a9>?r23
D@23Wr[3eWI53;J>323F9X4>[>3r8uFp2833CT2VH>Xv
…
6&& B,@C?/D17
?&'D1Q&2?†K=>@52'6
R-7e&Q
&Q,H%&<3%&1&.6&& B,
'D6<361&7M
Thời gian sản xuất là thời gian tư bản n>m trong lĩnh vực sản xuất.
6<!3&HN67F6M76DR
0<!3&@6<!3&,1!D kD7,&"#1N
,<!3&)%& d1<!l)<R7,%&
R.#<!3&)$<&7MDR0 &#<!3&@
@M@DR0<!l&?M<!lF1<R
HM,0@ ?B?•F&@,mD+<R
.-0@<3@-&%&!,D2mk@
&#%&GB$-&%&!,
?-MD17,?T--MF/<3?G@@@q
mk?B6M@DR0<3D2q$-&%&!,
T Thời gian lưu thông là thời gian tư bản n>m trong lĩnh vực lưu thông.61&
H6&@F?B!6S& B@ 6
1&F1!?/$<!3&FD2?<!3&<!
l=>@61&D kL&7"#<&" N
163 QF163& #F7B,S!
@
@1&HM &2e%&G2!!Q&&
,<!lF&?<3@
—mk@1&Fu+R1&!3&#F$1
1Q&1<3FH62'mk@&& B%&
<31dM;M1&=>;$-&%&!,@
?,-MD& G%& <3 F!1;
˜163;F%& u1&
6&& B,1!/kM&?-dD1
1<!3&&;F1!;@
hM1!?&M70+R?&<#e&& B
?#&@5B<<#7S7,1!?&F16<#e
&& B,M1!276@
w283oHVHF428312e?x>28y2>g8H233CT2VH>X
h&& B,/1?$?d@&& BL!&
Q @aS Q!#7&& B,/1u#G
&& B@!&767$K/N
#7&& B,11Y[&& B&$,
#Z&& B&$,1&7\N/1
$#7&& B, mk@&& B,2*+%&
G-$-&%&!M7@hLBN
‡
T $#7&& B,#<w?-1!%&!F<r0F
1e0&FJ 2F?&
2 2m2<wLL?
T $#7&& B1!1&7+mk6&& B<w
?-11&7/1?%& <31'd2BO7%&
<3?Q21&7L.@h?kQ&?DFR
R?e &161Q&10<32@&& Bk
1-™FLl@@@<& ?q1OQ&1
-d2&??DD@
T 9+,1&& ?MdD1F12%& a[?!
\1<rDL$& @@@C2%& =>&1&
b1S ?$#7&& B<w$1-&3&<rDLM&
=>@
}"/.™F.-F.-:@*
+,-./&.2%&3D;&?E-K
1<3& .
(N
,+(F-'O7+RQ&1,(F'
1?DK1;/
@H>bFD@H>b312343Q&1-F1!&1
&S%&"D!&.,,.e!&17<#
&S<.&MB7,F?! !1!!163& .
1;#2 2B2?N<#
!!,T?v<O0&&7[KH\B1<rDL&7
76@Ud51!,+7S&S
<.&MD"&.-M[/7S=><&?
C&S%&",Q&1-\D&.7
16 <O 0& &7?-&—@
h/(hbH.-F& -#F3" DRF
Q•7%& V2.-& #
/;!
h$/.-['
zN-'1
-'&!2&S<.&M@-&S<.&
MHM71;#"&DFa&72MQ&
2BHG1qDL.?BRM.&7#
Q;.&L
-F!<3&,lMD?<33&%& O
&f0&7#&F?,lB!
q&Q&,3q7.!!0&73&@D2!<3&
,l!!!0Q&1.&7D3&&1&S
%&"FS !0?D.&7#&7&
‰
&&1&S<.&MF1S .-0Q&S
<.&M&S%&"&1.0&7#&F
<#.™0!<3&,l1%& O?<3.&7
3&!-.&7#&1S 2BB&
$/.-D<R?&&S!<3,
l&1?Q&1.&721?&@
5.-['
z2MN
Z5.-•['
z@
Z5.-••['
z@
Hg@H>b312343#N
5.-•&1.;<O2&?-R.&S
1&ŽFO&S1OQ;.&L 16&S
-<w?-11&?lE70
16!S!;1;.11O7?!&S<.&
M;<016!S!&;@5.-
&7,&72&?-R.&S,7
@5.-D%&!2@
Xg@H>b312343##
5.-••D"2@P&#S !Q&1.1-&<!3&
7.E7?!&7F!!?+&SF"1
B $ $ <& &7 $ <& 7 .@
hC6M&.ye1!?D-&
.-: @b1?MH&.-:ye
,&7<w"/.B &S<.&M2@a
w2F,&7f&#&.&7kMe1!M&#&.
DM@h'w21!?D-?&#•<#
#B"DMuGSDL&Ž,6
&.@WRS0,&7?D-&.
q M&
w283oHVHF428312eF=2D>?12DEF`a9>?r23<CBS287=W23>s
F_282b2828345>3{I36`28:;2<=>`2[3C12H23
@H>b28C2HC1B&&<rDL
&$%&-ab&M10R&F2
01B1S@b1Q" F<!3&-q2
D&-&" 7.&R161!DM<GF<&
& ...F" ?j&H1A&C?
17?-<!3&•FMS&O7
F;<OSF?t&SeMS&F73q7M7SS&
-F<!3&-edRFRm&S,
D"F6<#Gd,Ge</?2?$@W#D.&1
- e
c
Pd?D .&Q&B?3q7,1F&Q&"6
<#1623q7BF6<#161"
&Q&,161;RRl' $!<#1F
1,M@b1S f27-BO7
G/1&Q&$.163& .2D2 .&Q&!;&
-K1& .FE?E &7&?-
F..@@@CEu"$B0@š.&
Q&d!;&-o(L7B-
0NT3q716p13" DRK1
16?& ?<RMw,?&RD"1
%&0!R%&!*<rDLQ&1FD
-1Fl M!--#
<@
hLBN
T5#.-ND;<O&7&ŽF&72&SV
!& E& .FSDL<R&Ž,B"" H
EF6k1M$3&F-&%&!FDL1E
Hu"&<UH.Hm/?H. H.&FE
& ..H" <&V
T5#.-:ND".!Q&1#F?t&SF-V
B!-R.K1<!3&2FM-&%&!
b1S F-DL/.-.-:3"
DR;&?E-K1<!3&F& .F
16D"16mk5!qRG%&
.,+3q7,1N3" DR11-$
:_:_-2F-M2+R-@216 &B
11?•†FMS&›& ;LS&›3;<1
?&R@|@