Thành phần hóa học của tinh dầu hương nếp lấy từ cây dứa thơm Pandanus umuryilia. Roxd - Việt Nam.PDF

THANH PHAN HOA HOC CUA
TINH
DAU HUONG NEP LAY
TLT
CAY
DCTA
THOM
PANDANUS
AMARYLLIA.
ROXD
- VIET NAM
Le
Thi
Anh Dao
Khoa Hoa hoc
Trutmg
DHSP - DHQG Ha Noi
1. Gidi thieu
cay
dtia
thorn cd ten khoa hoc la
Pandanus
amaryllia. Roxb thude hg
Pandanaccac.
Nd
dugc
trdng
nhi^u
b
Cau Giiy (Ha Ndi), Son Tay, Hai
Phdng

va cac tinh
mi6n
Nam
[
1
].
Trong
dan gian nd dugc
sir
dung lam huong ne'p cua gao tam xoan
(n^u
com them vao vai la cho thom
com),
cay
dura thom cho
miii
huong nep de chiu, ngon
lanh
dugc
diing
trong cdng nghiep thuc
phin
nhu tao mui huong nep cho banh keo, cho gao. Cay
diJa
thorn dugc mgc hoang va trong
nhilu
b
c^c
nude
Chau A nhu Thai Lan, Malaixia, Inddnexia, Philippin Bg phan cho huong

ne^p
la
e^c
la banh te; la de heo cang thom
miii
com nep, mui ben b nhiet dd
cao.
Tren
th^
gidi
da cd
nhi6u
cdng
trinh
nghien
cvax
tach
chi^t
huong nep, xac djnh thanh
phSn
hoa hgc
eiia
nd,
cung nhu
xdc
dinh
ch^t
gay
miii
huong nep [2] [3] [4] [5]. Nhung b

nude
ta chua
thJy
cd cdng
trinh nao cdng bd ve huong nep. Buttery [4] va cac cdng tnnh [3] [5] [6] da khing dinh dugc
chit gay
miii
huong nep la 2 - axetyl - 1 pyrroline trong gao te thom.
Ngudi
ta cung da nghien
curu
sir
phii
thudc cua ndng dd 2 - axetyl -
1
- pyrroline vdi
miii
thom nep
ciia
gao te
therm
va cac
phuong phdp
di^u
ch^
cdng nghiep nd. Ndng dd
ciia
nd rii nhd (chi
tinh
ph^

trieu). Trong gao
thom vdi 7
phSn
ty
eiia
2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline thi gao da cd mui huong
n^p.
Trong
Id
diia
thom
loai
Pandanus amaryllia. Roxb ed ham
lucmg
2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline cao
gip
hang tram
va hang
ng^
ISn
so vdi gao tam
th(*m.
Trong la
di'ra
Xham
ngoai chat thom ehfnh la 2 - axetyl -
1 - porroline con cd mot so chat khae gdp phan tao huong thom nep. Dd la
cdc
piperidin
ankaloit

cd khung
QNC,
nhu Pandamarilaetone - 1, pandamarilaetone -
31
hoac
pandamarilacton - 32 cd
tac
dung sinh
ly
cao [3] [7]. Sau day la mot so ket qua
chiing
tdi thu
nhan dugc.
2.
Ket qua va thao
luan
MSu
M
du-a
thom nghien
ciiu
dugc lay b xa Mai Dich, Quan Cau Giay, Ha Ndi.
2.1.
Xac dinh
ham lucnig
tinh
ddu
hifcnig
nep:
lA diia

thom trudc khi nghien
eiiu,
chiing tdi da xac dinh dugc do am theo hai phuong
phdp
va cd dd
in
tir
71-86%.
Chiing tdi xac dinh ham
lugng
tinh dau huong nep theo ba phuong
phdp.
Khi
xdc
dinh ham lugng tinh dau huong nep bang phuong phap ngam chiet vdi
ancol
etylic da
xdc
dinh dugc dieu kien tdi uu cho vice ngam
chig^t
la
ddng
ancol etylic 96" nhiet dd
ngam
chi^t
la 50°.
Y,£i
qua dugc neu tren bang 1
192
Bang 1. Ham

luong
tinh dau
hirtmg
ne'p
Phuong
phdp
1
2
3
Hieu suat (%)
l,6Mo-
1,13
0,176
Nhan xet
Thom huong ne'p, thom nggt ed mui
dirdng
de chiu
Xanh dam, hoi
nhdl,
thom mui huong ne'p nggt
Xanh dam, nhdt, mui thom nep
bde
1.
Ca't
Idi
cud'n hoi
nude
2.
Ngam chict bang ancol
etylic

96" d 50" (8
gid)
3.
Ngam chiet bang ete dau
hoii
b 65 -
70°C
(8
gid)
Nhu vay ham lugng tinh dau huong ne'p tach bang
each
eat
Idi
cud'n hoi
nude
ra't thap
1,63.10
•"%.
Khi ngam chiet bang etanol, ete
dSu
hoa
thi
thu dugc nhieu hon
nhimg
ta eon chiet
them ca cac chit
phii
(elororin) nen dung dich
trd
nen xanh dam, hoi nhdt.

2.2.
Xdc
dinh thanh phan
hod
hoc
ciia
tinh ddu
hifong
ne'p:
Sau khi lam khd tinh dau
huctng
nep bang
Na^SOi
khan chiing tdi da dung phuong phap
GC-MS,
d^
xac dinh thanh phan hoa hoc
eiia
nd.
Bdiig
2. 'Thanh phan hod hoc ciia
tinh
ddu
hifoiig
ne'p
(Phan cat
Idi
cud'n hoi nude)
SdTTpic
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Thdi giim
km
4,11
5,35
5,83
7,09
7,6
7,8
9,52
11,52
13,20
14,37
14,63
15,58
Ten chal
etanol
axel
on
n-propanol

Chua biet
Chua biet
1 - penlen - 3 -
ol
Chua biet
(Z) 3 - hexen -
1
- ol
2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline
2,4,4 -
Irimetylbut
- 2 - cnolite
3 -
metyl
- 2
(5H)
-
lur;monc
Ham
lirimg
0,5420
2,3570
2,0680
2,0240
0,8410
3,0440
0,8061
0,2016
3,1450
0,1862

83,8191
193
Trong sd 12 chit thi chiing tdi da nhan
bi^t
dugc 7 chit.
DaQ
biet
cf
day chiing tdi phat
hien ra 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline (pie sd 10, thdi gian
luii
14,37 phut ehiem 3,145%) la chit
thom
miii
huong
n^p
khic
vdi tinh
diu
huong
n^p
ciia
Indonexia [5] Malaixia la b chd tinh diu
huong
n^p
cua hg khdng cd chat nay ma chi cd cac ankaloit piperidin
QNQ.
Cd the do hg
khdng eit bang
Idi

cud'n hei nude hoac chiet bang etanol ma cac tac gia da dung
CHjCl^
hoac
CHQj?
Nhu vay thanh phin
chinh
cua tinh diu huong
ne^p
la 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone (pic
12)
ehie'm
83,8191%.
Thanh phan cua tinh diu huong ne'p la cac ancol, xeton va 3 - metyl - 2
(5H) - furanone.
Chinh
chit nay da lam cho tinh diu huong
ng^p
thom, mui
dudng.
Vi ban thin 3
- metyl - 2 (5H) furanone nguyen chit cd mui thom, vi nggt, mui thom ngon cua mat ong, keo
caramen.
2.3.
Tach cac chat:
Chung tdi da
diing sdc
ky cot vdi chit hip thu la siliagel G, sic ky ban mdng, vdi dung
mdi
chay
khic nhau (ete dau hoa),

CHCI3,
CHCI3/CH3OH
(3:
1),
CH3OH
thu dugc 4 phan doan
khic nhau. Trong dd phan doan 3 (CHCO3/CH3OH: 3/1) thu dugc mot giai vang cd mui huong
n£fp.
Tich
ti^p
tuc bang cac dung mdi tren eit quay dudi dung mdi chiing tdi thu dugc 2 chit
sau:
a. 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone: da xac nhan bang GC-MS, gidng vdi phd
chuin
(94%)
gdm cic manh nhu phd chuin
MS
= 98, 41, 53, 69, 83.
-
Khang
dinh bang phd hdng ngoai cung thiy triing vdi phd chuin vdi cac pic sau: 2959
cm',
1730
cm', 1581,8 em',
1464cm',
1381 cm', 1273cm',
1122
cm', 1071 cm', 1039,8 cm'
'
va742cm'

[5].
b.
2 - axetyl - 1 -
pyrroUne:
85% gidng
\ib\
phd chuin. M =
11 Im
m/c = 43, 41, 42, 83,
39,
55, 68, 69, 82 va [4].
3.
Ket luan
1.
Chiing tdi da xac djnh dugc ham lugng tinh diu huong
n^p
tir
ciy du"a
thom Pandanus
amaryllia. Roxb bang ba phuong phap khae nhau, cho hieu suit khic nhau.
2.
Da xac dinh dugc 7 chit trong sd 12 chit
ciaa
tinh diu hudng tach bang phuong phap
eit
Idi
cud'n hoi nude. Thanh phin chu yeu cua nd la 3 - metyl - 2 (5H - furanone ( > 83%), cac
ancol va dac biet la ed chit gay miii huong nep 2 - axetyl -
1
- pyrroline (3,4154%).

3.
Bude diu tach biet dugc 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone va 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline va
nhin
dang eiu tao ciia chiing qua phuong phap khdi phd va hdng
ngoai.
(Vi khudn khd bai
vi^t
nen
chiing tdi se trinh bay cac miu chiet bang ete dau hoa amoletylic sau).
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1.
Dd Tit Lgi. Nhung cay thude va vi thude Viet Nam. NXB Khoa hgc ky thuat - 1995,
trang 1121 - 1122.
2.
Loo Choo Teng T.C.Shen and S.H. Gon. Economic BOSTANY 1979, tap 33 trang 72-
74.
194
3.
Maribel G. Nonato: The "Pandans" as patential source of new parmaceuticals".
ASOMS.
IX,
1998, Hanoi, trang 62.
4.
Ron. G. Buttery Louisa C. Long, Thomas R. Mon Quantitative Analysis of 2 - axetyl -
1 -pyrrolinee in Rice. J. Agric Food
cheml986,
tap 3, trang
112.
5.
J. Jiang: Volatile composition of pandan leaves (Pandanus - amerryllifolius). 5th -

Chemical congress of North America - Symposium 504. Nov. 1997, Mexico.
6. Vararon
lakcanaUimai :
Comparison of
Arorn*Compound
(2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline
in Leaves from Padan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and Thai Fragrant Rice. Cereal chem. Tip 70
sd4-
1993 trang
381
-384.
7.
Maribel Nonato va cdng
sir:
Stnictural
charactezation of
piperidin
alkaloids from
Pandanus amarylliflius by inverse detectet 2D-NMR - techniques. Phytochemistry 1993 tap 34,
trang
1159-1163.
SUMMARY
Chemical composition of the Essential oil of Pandanus amaryllia.
Kuxb
- Cau Giay •
Ha
Ngi
- Vict Nam
Fresh Leaves of Pandanus amaryllia - Roxb from Cau Giay - Hanoi were steam distilled
to produce an oil in

1,62.102%
yield and was analised using GC-MS of the more than 12
components separated, 7 were
indentified.
The major components were 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) -
furanone (A) (83,8%); 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline (3,145%) B; 1 - penten - 3 - ol. A, B -
compounds were isolated.
195