Nghiên cứu chế tạo hệ thống phân tích dòng chảy xách tay sử dụng các điện cực chọn lọc ion làm Detector xác định các ion chứa Nitơ có trong nước thải Phú Dưỡng

DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUCING
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TlT NHIEN
D^
T.AI:
NGHIEN
ClTL
CHE
T.AO
HE THONG
PH.AN TICH
DONG CHAY
XACH TAY
Sir
DUNG CAC
DIEN Cl/C
CHON LOG ION LAM
DETECTOR XAC
DINH
CAC ION
CHlTA NITO
CO TRONG
NlTOC
THAI PHU
DLONG
MA SO : QT-97-06
CHU TRI Ot

T.AI:
PGS. PTS.
PH.WI
HUNG VIET
; "•—
I
B
rf
dr/ooc5i
HA NOI - 1999
TfiN
D^
TAI
:
*'Nghien cicu che tqo
he thong phdn tich dong chdy xdch tay
su
dung cdc dien
cue
chon
loc
ion lam detector xdc dinh cdc ion chua
nitatrong nuac thaiphu
duffng"
MA
SO: QT-97-06
CHU TRI Dfi
TAI:
PGS. PTS.
Phani

Hung
Viet,
Gidm doc trung tdm Hod hoc Moi
truang
-
Tru&ng
Dai
hoc Khoa hoc tu nhien - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha
Noi
CACCANBOPHOIHOP:
- ThS. Do
Phiic
Qudn,
Trung tdm Hod hoc Moi
tru&ng,
DHKHTN HN
- ThS.
Duang
Hong
Anh.
Trung tdm Hod hoc Moi
tru&ng,
DHKHTN HN
BAO CAO TOM TAT
1.
Detai:
• Ten de tai :
''Nghien cioi
che
tqo

he thong phdn tich dong chdy xdch tay su dung cdc
dien
cue
chon loc ion lam detector xdc dinh cdc ion chua
nita
trong nuac thai phu
duang''
•
Ma
so: QT-97-06
2.
ChiJ tri
de tai:
• PGS.PTS Pham Hung
Viet.
Giam doc trung tam Hoa hoc Moi truang - Truang dai hoc
Khoa hpc tu nhien - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi
3.
Cac can bo tham gia:
• ThS. D6 Phuc Quan. Trung tam Hoa hpc
Moi
truang, DHKHTN HN
• ThS. Duong Hong Anh. Trung tam Hoa hoc Moi truang, DHKHTN HN
4.
Muc
tieu va npi dung nghien
cihi:
• Muc lieu :
Giai thieu mau
ihiet

bi phan
tich
dong chay su dung cac dien cue chon loc ion lam
detector xac dinh cac ion
nitrat.
nitril
va
amoni
trong
nuoc
va
nuoc
thai.
• Noi
dung
:
Phal tridn
cac ket qua nghien cuu
v^
cac
loai
dien
cue
chon loc ion trong dong chay su
dung
tai
phong thi
nghiem
Thiet ke va che tao he thong mang
thaim tich

khi
de:
nang cao dp nhay, dp chon loc
cua phuang phap phan tich
Ung
dung thiet bi de kiem
ira
cac
mSu
nuac
\'a nude
thai.
5. Cac ket qua dat
dirac:
• Nghien cuu che tao mang long chon loc
ion nitral [14.15]
gom c6:
- 3 % ionphore cho Nitrat
(tetraoctylamonibromua).
- 30% PVC.
- 67% o -NPOE
(o-Nitrophenyioctyl
ete)
Dp doc dien
cue
58 mV/dec trong khoang tuyen
linh
tu 10' den
lO""^
M/1

va he so
chon
Ipc
ion doi
\6i
cac anion gay anh huang
toi
qua
irinh
phan tich cua dien cue hau
hei
nho han
10".
Khao sat cac
dit^u kien
lam
\'iec
cua dien
cue
trong dong chay la dem photphat
10"^
M. pH
=
2,8 va loc dp 2.3
ml/phiit.
• Che tao bp
th^m
tich khi tren ca so cac vat
lieu
bang nhua Teflon eo ty

le
dien
tich
be
mat so vai
the'
tich kenh
dan Idn
han so vai cac bo
thim
tich thong thuang khae
(24.6em"')
(hinh 2.2)
diing
ket hap
vcd
he
FIA,
phuc vu cho qua
trinh
phan tich ion
nirit.
• Tren ca so he
FIA-ISE
chpn loc ion nitrat, da khao sat cac dieu kien chuyen hoa
NO.
->
NOx
->
NO3" thong qua qua

trinh
trung gian
chuydn
hoa thanh NOx.
Dung dieh chat mang la muoi
KH2PO4
nong do
10"^
M/1 vai pH=2,8 trong do c6 chua
0,1%
Wt
H2O2
va
NaN03
nong dp
lO'-M/l
Dung dieh axit hoa la
H3PO4
nong dp
5.10'M/l
Toe dp dong chat mang la 2,3ml/phut
The'
tich vong miu
500|il
• Che tao duac dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion amoni mang long tren eo so ionophore
nonaclin/monactin[16] bao gom:
- 3 % ionphore cho amoni (nonactin/monactin).
- 30% PVC.

- 67% o- NPOE
(octo-Nitrophenyloctylele)
- KT4C1PB 70%
irpng luang
so vai ionophore
• Khao sal cac
dit^u kien
lam viec
ciia
dien
cue
amoni trong he FIA ket hap vai bo
iham
tich
khi {dong chuyen hoa
NH4'
->
NH,
la dung
dieh
NaOH,
pH=:12;
dong chuyen
hoa
NH;,^
NH4*
la dem
Tris
pH
=

7,2)
dt
tang do chpn loc
ciia
phep phan
lich,
tu do
ma rpng kha nang dp dung cua dien
cue
cho xac dinh ion amoni trong nuac thai. Dien
cue
lam viec tuyen
linh
trong khoang tu
10'
den
lO""*
mol/1
NH4^
vai
dp doc la 53,2
mV/dee.
• Ky thuat phan lich su dung cue chpn
Ipc
ion la dan gian, nhanh, nhay va
chinh
xac
cao.
Tren
co

so ket hap
voi
ky thuat FIA va bp tham lich khi cho phep tang dp chpn
cac phep do
thir
nghiem cho mot so
miu thue
le da dupe tien hanh va cho ket qua
dang tin cay va nit ngan
thai
gian phan tich.
6. Tinh hinh kinh phi
ciia
de tai:
• Tong kinh phi dupe cap la
12 irieu
dong tu nguon
kinh
phi nghien cuu co ban
ciia
DH
Quoc gia Ha npi
di
thue hien de tai trong 2 nam.
BRIEF REPORT
1.
Title of project:
'^Development
of portable flow injection system with ion selective sensors as
detector to study nitrogen-containing ions in eutrophical

wastewater^'
VNU Hanoi Research grand number: QT-97-06
2.
Name of investigator: Ass.
Prof.
Dr. Pham Hung Viet, Director, Center of
Environmental Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU Hanoi.
3.
Members of Project:
MSe.
Do Phuc Quan, Center of Environmental Chemistry, Hanoi University of
Science, VNU Hanoi.
MSe.
Duong Hong Anh, Center of Environmental Chemistry, Hanoi University of
Science, VNU Hanoi.
4.
Object and Content of Project:
Object:
Development of a model of portable flow injection system with ion selective
sensors as detector to study nitrogen-containing
ions
in eutrophical wastewater.
Content :
Development and application of liquid membrane electrode such nitrate and
ammonium ion selective electrodes used as polentiometric detector in flow
injection analysis system (FIA).
Design and fabrication of gas dialysis chamber to enhance selectivity and
sensitivity of polentiometric method used ion selective liquid membrane
electrodes.
Application of

FIA/ISE
in conjunction
with
flow through gas dialysis chamber to
determination of nitrogen-containing ions in groundwater and
v.astewater
in
Hanoi area.
5. Results of Research Project
Nitrate ion liquid membrane component:
3%
Tetraocthylammonium bromide
30%
High molecular PVC
67%
Plaslicizer
o-NTOE
(oclo -nitrophenyloctylete)
Dynamic slope value of the nitrate liquid membrane electrode:
^%
mV/decade
Dynamic range of linearity showed from
10"^
M/1 to
10''
M/1
Almost selectivity
coefflcient
value for foreign anions
K^",,

^o
be determined by mean
of SSM in the range from
10"
to
10^
Flow injection analysis condition: Phosphate buffer
(pH=2.8,
10~
M/1) and flow rate
2.3
ml/min.
Design and fabrication of gas dialysis chamber from PTFE with available wider
channels (a ratio surface area to volume of channel is 24.6
cm')
improves the
efficiency of gas transfer and thus the detection capabilities of system.
Condition of FIA
-ISE
conjunction with flow though dialysis chamber for
nitrite
determination:
Carrier solution:
10'^
M/1 phosphate buffer, pH=2.8 containing 0.1%
wi
H.O,
and
10"'
M/INO3.

Oxidation solution
NO/
^
NO,:
5.10'
M/l
H,P04
Flow rate of carrier solution: 2.3 ml/min.
Sample loop volume: 500
fil.
Ammonium liquid membrane component:
3%
nonactin/monactin
30%
High molecular PVC
67%
Plaslicizer o-NPOE (oeto -nitrophenyloctylete)
70 %
wi/wt KT4CIPB
to
nonactin
Investigation of working condition of ammonium electrode in FIA system conjunction
with
NH-
dialysis chamber:
Carrier solution; NaOH.
pH=l2
Trap solution: TRIS buffer, pH=7.2
Tins
FIA system approach has been application for determination of nitrate, nitrite

and ammonium
in
natural water and domestic wastewater
Ha not, ngay thang nam 1999
XAC NHAN CUA
BAN CHU
NHlfiM
KHOA
CHU TRI
D£
TAI
U ?Tl
A;^^^^^^/^^^'^''''^^'^^^'""""^^*-^
XAC NHAN CUA
TRUING
I. MO DAU
Su phat trien cua khoa hpc, cong nghe va dai song hien dai doi hoi cac nha phan tich hpc
phat
tri^n,
phdi
hap nham sang tao nhung ky thual, phuang phap phan tich moi cho kha
nang thue hien cac phep do
vdi
toe dp cao, xac dinh nhung luang vet va sieu vet cac chat
vai dp lap
lai
va dp chinh xac ngay cang
Ian
[1,2].
De dap ung nhimg yeu eau do bat dau

tir
nhung nam 60 cua the ky nay, cac nha phan tich da co nhimg y tuang va co gang
nghien
cufu
tim ra nhung ky thuat
mcd
nham tien hanh mot each ban
tir
dong de dong nhat
cac thao
tac
phan tich dac biet lien hanh cac phan ung kho thue hien trong cac phong thi
nghiem binh thuang
[3-9],
vi du cac phan ung tao nhimg phuc mau co dp hap thu thay doi
theo thai gian, cac phan ung xuc tac can duac tien hanh trong
didu
kien nghiem ngat. cac
phan ung xay ra khong hoan loan, cac phan ung
diang
cac thuoc thu oxy hoa -
khir
khong
b6n
trong khong khi. Mat
khae,
trong nhieu truang hap nguai la can tien hanh dong thai
nhieu phan
xxng
phan tich mot

each
dong thai hoac thue hien cac phan ung noi tiep nhau
mot
each
nghiem ngat,
sir
dung cac chat che khae nhau theo nhimg thu tu nhat dinh trong
mot he phan ung.
Nhung
ky thuat tren ro rang la kho
thue
hien
dupe
bang tay su dung cac
dung cu thong thuang va neu phai thue hien
thi
tat phai nhan nhung ket qua co dp chinh
xac va dp lap lai thap.
De
phan tich nhung
lucmg
vet trong cac doi
tircmg
phuc tap nguai la
con muon ket hap cac phuang phap tach, cac phuang phap lam giau co hieu qua cao nhu
chiet
bang dung moi huu co, trao
dOi
ion vai cac phucmg phap do quang hpc va dien hoa
trong mot thiet bi phan tich boat dong tu dong [10-13]. Thue hien nhung y tuang tren, cac

nha phan lich da che tao duac nhung thiet bi boat dong ban tu dong ghep vai cac may do
quang hoac may do dien hoa de phan tich trong
nhiing
truang hap rieng va sang tao ra
nhung may phan
lich
hoac phuang phap mai nhu sac ky long hieu nang cao. phuang phap
dien di mao quan
v\'
Trong ban bao cao cua de lai nay chung toi trinh bay mot nghien cuu che tao va ung dung
dien cue mang long su dung lam detector cho he FIA ket hop vai bp tham tich
khi
de
phuc vu cho xac dinh mot so chi lieu ion nitrat, nitril va amoni trong nuac va nuac thai
sinh boat cua thanh pho Ha
npi.
Nha ap dung ky thuat mai nay cac thao tac phan tich
dupe thue hien thuan tien. lap lai va nil
ngdn
thai gian phan
lich
miu. Cac
tin
hieu phan
lich
thu dupe dual dang
pie
thuan tien cho qua trinh dinh luang.
n.
PHUONG

PHAP
NGHlfiN CtfU
Theo nhiem
vii
cua
da
tai la nghien cuu ung dung dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion lam detector
trong he thong phan tich dong chay nham xac dinh chpn
Ipc
cac ion chua nita trong moi
truang, cac buac khao sat tien hanh sau day :
Che tao mang va dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion nitrat.
Che tao mang va dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion amoni
- Che tao bp tham tich
sir
dung mang tham khi teflon
Khao sat cac dieu kien lam viec cua dien cue trong
irang
thai
tInh
va trong he FIA
- Khao sat cae dieu kien lam viec cua he thong dong chay ket hap vai bp tham tich khi.
Ung dung he thong dong chay xac dinh ham luang cua cac ion nitrat, nitril va amoni
trong mot so miu nuac va nuac thai

2.1 Dung cu va hoa chat
2.1.1
Hoa
chat
Tat ca cac dung dieh
d6u
dupe chuan bi tu cac loai hoa chat tinh
khiet
phan tich (loai
p.a)
cua hang
Fluka,
Bucks, Thuy sy hoac hai loai tinh khiet hoa hpc, pha bang nuac cat hai
lan.
Dual day la cac
loai
hoa chat chinh dupe su dung trong qua trinh nghien cuu:
Tetrahidrofuran
(THE)
Amoni sunphat: (NH4)
2SO4
Bac sunphat
Ag2S04
- Axit:
H3PO4,
HCl,
H2SO4.
axil
boric,
axil

xitric.
- Dung
dich
NaOH
- Cac muoi
v6
co:
NaCl,
KH2PO4,
Na3HP04,
Na.PO,.
NaOAc,
NaHCO;,
NaBr.
Nal,
NaSCN.
NaNO., NaNO,,
NH4CI,
MgCL,
LiCl,
NaCl,
BaCU,
KCl,
Na,B40,.
KMn04.
K2Cr207,
H2O2
Vat lieu mang cua hang Fluka, Buchs, Thuy Sy
Dung dieh dem MES
(2-morpholinoethanesulfonie

acid).
TRIS (Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomelhane),
2.1.2 Dung cu thi nghiem
Dien
cue
so sanh
Ag/AgCl
tiep xuc
kep.
Hang Orion Research. My
Bom Mini-Micro Ismatee 4
kenh.
My
- Van bom
mau
Rheodyn Model 5020, My
May do Digital Ion pH meter 692 Metrohm. Thuy
sT
- Bp tu ghi Kipp & Zonen BD 40 Ha lan
Tliiet
bi
lav mau
nuac mat Kemmerer, Mv
2.2
Che
tao mang va dien
circ
chon loc ion
2.2.1 Chuan bi dung moi
De hoa tan cac thanh phan mang chung toi

sit
dung dung moi tetrahydrofuran khan, tinh
khiet. Do dac tinh cua THF co kha nang hap thu hai nuoc trong khong khi va
da
bi peroxit
hoa trong
didu
kien binh thuang, nen trong THF
thucmg
co
lin lupng
nho nude va peroxit,
VI
vay
can
phai chung eat THF truac khi
sii
dung. Qua
trinh
chung cat duac tien hanh nhu
sau :
Cho THF vao binh cau ba eo the tich 500 ml. Cho them KOH vao
binh
chung cat de' lam
kho loan bp nuac lan trong THF. Dun hoi
luu
1,5 gia trong dieu kien eo dong khi Nita d6
phan buy loan bp luang peroxit, sau do cat lay 1/3 lupng THF ban dau
thi
ngung qua trinh

cat. THF
dupe
giu trong
Ip
sach,
dung gia'y nhom bpc lai va dupe bao quan noi kho rao.
Vi THF doc va de no nen phai chung eat trong tu hot va
iranh
ngpn
lira.
2.2.2
Che
tao mang va dien
ciic
Mang long chpn loc ion g6m 3 thanh phan chinh : thanh phan chpn loc ion (chat
irao
doi
ion
long
hoac chat tao phuc vai ion trung tinh), chat deo hoa va
hcfp
chat cao phan tu PVC
CO
long khoi luang la 200 mg. Ngoai ra tiiy theo
tijng
loai mang cu
tha
co
ih6
cho them

cac thanh phan phu nham muc
dieh
ue che cac ion la trong qua trinh do cac dung dieh co
cuang dp ion lan. Cac thanh phan mang duac hoa tan hoan loan bang 2 ml THF (khan,
linh khiet) trong mot
Ip
thuy linh pyrex, sau do rot dung dich mang vao vong
ihiiy
tinh
duang kinh 24 mm
dai
tren tam
kinh
sach (rua bang xa phong, nuac cat, etanol, axelon va
say kho).
Di
cho dung moi bay hai sau 24 gia la se thu
dupe
mot mang long chpn loc ion
CO
dp day khoang 0,2 mm.
Diing
mui khoan cat mot mang co duong kinh 5 mm lap vao
than dien cue van nang. sau do
luyen
dien
cue
24 gio trong dung dich npi truac khi sir
dung.
Tlianh

phan
ciia
mang chpn loc ion nitrat
[14.15]
gom co:
- 3 % ionphore cho Nitrat (tetraoctylamonibromua).
- 30% PVC.
- 67% o -NPOE
(o-Nitrophenyloctyl
ete)
Thanh phan
ciia
mang chpn
Ipc
ion amoni [16] bao g6m:
- 3 % ionphore cho amoni (nonactin/monactin).
- 30% PVC.
- 67%
o-
NPOE
(octo-Nitrophenyloctylete)
- KT4C1PB 70% trong
lucfng
so vai ionophore
[CH3(CH2),]4NBr
(TOAB)
Tetra
Octyl
Amoni Bromua
(o-NPOE)

o-Nitro phenyl Octyl Ete
O.
/O
H(n-Bu)
/
a
/ \
CH(n-Bu
(BBPA)
Bis
(l-Butylpeniyl)
Adipate
\
BK
/
(KT4CIPB)
Kah Tetra
(4-Clo
Phenvl)
Boral
CH^
Q
0
CH
O
CH3
Nonactin/Monactin
Hinh
2.1 : Cong thue
ciia

cac thanh phan
sir
dung trong che tao mang long
2.3.
Che tao bo tham tich [17]
Bp tham tich khi la mot bp phan gom 2 kenh dan dupe ngan
each
bang mot mang tham
khi
CO
kich thuoc 16 mang xac dinh. Trong
Ihi
nghiem nay
chiing
toi dung loai mang
microporous polytetrafluoroethylen (duang kinh
16
mang co 0,2 um). Mot vong dem cao
su
CO
tinh tra
vt
mat hoa hpc de
giii
cho mang tham khi a vi tri c6 dinh. De tang
hieu
qua
cho viec van
chuyein
khi qua mang,

Ihiet
bi buong tham khi dupe che tao sao cho moi
kenh
ciia
thiet bi nay co ty le
dien tich
be mat so
\ai
the tich buong lan han so
\ai
cac
thiet bi thong thuang
khae
(24.6cm ' so vai
16.3cm'
i.
V6 thiet bi buong tach duac che tao
bans
vat lieu nhua Teflon (hinh 2.2)
5cm
PTfEri'Tiitir iri
Pl.jitir
cnn,
-=zz
3cm
1 '
1
1
'il.T,
h—f'

:.
7i-
—• ;
r.
H^ •
JTfr.
Hinh 2.2. So do thiet ke bo
thaim
tich khi.
2.4 Khao sat cac dieu kien lam viec
ciia
cac dien
cue
[18,19]:
2.4.1 Khao sat dieu kien
lam
viec cua dien
cue
mang long chon loc ion nitrat
- Xay dung duong lam
viec
va xac dinh he so chpn loc cua dien
cue
chpn loc ion nitral va
cac
diau
kien do trong dong chay.
He so chpn
Ipc
cua dien

cue
duac xac dinh theo phuang phap dung dich rieng: cac dung
dich
NO;,HCO/
CP,
Br -, I
".
NO,',
SO^'
duac pha trong dung dich dem Tris 0,01 M/1,
pH
=
7,51
- Khao sat
diau
kien phan tich nitrit sir dung he FIA vai dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion nitrat ket
hap vai bp tham tich khi.
Phuang phap nay dua tren ca sa
sir
dung mot bp tham tich khi dan gian vai mot loai mang
tham khi ket hap trong he thong dong chay. Dung mang thich hap trong buong tach co
tha
ngan duac cac ion
gay
can tra
chuydn
tai dien cue chpn
Ipc

nam a cuoi dong chay.
Dieu nay da dupe chung minh vai su phat
trian
cac phuang phap ban tu dong co do chpn
loc cao da xac dinh
NO,
hoac nitnt hoa tan a muc lan ban 5 M.
Nitrh
co the duac
ehuyan
hoa thanh
NO,
trong moi truang pH thap. sau do dupe tham qua mang teflon dat trong
buong tach va
dupe
chuyan hoa thanh nitrat bai dung dich oxy hoa thich hap. Dung dich
nitrat nay
dupe
bam qua detector cue chpn loc ion nitrat. Dp chpn loc va kha nang phat
hien cua thiei bi
dupe
danh
gia
thong qua ket qua xac dinh nitrat. Thong qua ket qua
nitrat do duac. nguai la suy ra ham luang
NO,
va luang nitrit ban dau.
^
Xac dinh do pH va ham luang chat oxy hoa trong dong chat mang
Sii

duns dung dich nitrit
10"^
M/1 trong cac dong chat mang co dp pH va cac ham luang
chat oxy hoa khae nhau, so sanh chiau cao
ciia
cac
pic
tuang ung da chon dieu kien lam
viec sao cho dp nhay
ciia
phep do la
cue
dai
*
Xac dinh thai gian
ciia
phan ung chuyen hoa
Thai gian phan ung
a
day
dupe
tinh la khoang thai gian
tij
khi dong van thu nhat den khi
bat dau dong van thu hai. Bam dung dich Nitrit tai mot nong dp nhat dinh, thay
d6i
thai
gian phan ung, khao sat
ke't
qua do thi do de tim thai gian phan

ling
phu hap nhat.
* Xac dinh toe dp bam dong chat mang oxy hoa
Ghi
the'cua
dung dich miu Nitrit a mot nong dp (10 M) trong diau kien toe dp bam dong
chat mang khae nhau. So sanh chieu cao va dp rpng cua pic do toe dp bom gay ra, tu do
chpn toe dp bam thich hap.
* Xac dinh dp pH va loai chat axit hoa
Kha nang chuyen hoa tir nitrit thanh
NO;^
rat phu thuoc vao loai chat axit hoa va dp pH
cua no. Tien hanh ghi the cua dung dich Nitrit vai cac loai chat acid boa co dp pH khae
nhau.
Tim
ra chat acid boa va dp pH thich
hcfp.
*
Xac dinh he so chpn
Ipc ciia
dien
cue
doi vai cac ion can sau khi da qua bp
thaim
tich
Di khao sat dac tinh
ciia
dien cue Nitrat trong he. Chiing toi lien hanh do he so chon
Ipc
ciia

dien cue doi voi cac ion can sau
khi
da qua thiet bi mang tham
2.4.2 Khao sat dieu kien lam viec
ciia
dien
cue
mang long chon loc ion amoni
- Khao sat dien cue do a trang thai
tinh
Xay dung duang lam
x'lec
ciia
dien cue amoni trong cac dung dich dem khae nhau :
Dem MES CO
pH
=
5.5
Dem
Tris
co pH
=
7,2
Dem borat pH
=
9,0
Xac dinh he so chpn
Ipc ciia
dien cue
Ha so chpn loc

ciia
dien cue amoni duac xac dinh theo phuang phap dung dich rieng. Cac
dung dich muoi riang biat cua cac
cation,
nong do
O.IM
dupe
pha trong dem Tris pH - 7,2
nong dp
0.01 M/1.
- Khao sat dien cue do trong he FIA
Tren co so ket qua
ciia
phan do
tinh,
chiing
toi sir
dung cac dung dich dem khae nhau da
khao
siit
lam chat mang cho he FIA. Cac dung dich amoni co nong dp tu
10"^
M den
10"^
M dupe bam lan
lugt
vao he thong.
Ngoai ra cac yeu to
kliac
cung duac khao sat.

- Khao sal he FIA ghep vai bo tham tich khi
Sau khi khao sal cac yeu to
Iran,
chung
toi tien
hanh buac tiep theo,
gdn
them mot bo
tham tich khi amoni da tang do chpn
Ipc
va kha nang ung dung
thue
le
ciia
he thong.
2.4.3 Khao sat dieu kien phan
tich
miu
thue te
- Diau kien lay miu va bao quan miu
Xir ly
sa bp miu tru6e khi phan tich
III.
K^T
QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1 Khao sat cac dieu kien lam viec cua dien
cue
nitrat
Doi vol cue chpn
Ipc

ion cac ya'u to quan trpng nhat la khoang tuya'n tinh, dp doc va dp
chpn loc do'i v6i cae ion ngoai. Cac ka't qua thu
dupe
cho thay dien cue nitrat mang long co
do doe la 58mV/dec va dap
ling
nhanh (5 giay) trong khoang nong dp cua ion nitrat tir 10"'
den
10'M/1
[20].
300
EMF
(mV)
200
TOO
0-
EMF
=
EMF =
EMF
=
-12.5
8.5 - 59.1
Ig[N03-] (1)
11.0 - 55.7
Ig[N03-] (2)
51.5
iglNO/]
(3)
n (l)TOAB

• (2)T0AN
a (3)
NfTDAfi
-7
-5
-4
3
Lg[NO-
]
3
Hinh
3.1 : Duong lam viae
ciia
dien
cue
nitrat mang long vai
cac chat trao doi ion khae nhau
300
EMF (mV)
200
100
16.0
U.O".
55.7 IglNOj-]
(1)
8.5 -
59.1 Jg[N03-]
(2)
-15.0
-

52.2 Ig[N03]
(3)
48.3
IglNOyl
(4)
a
(1)
B8PA
• (2) o-NPOE
• (3)TEHF
o
(4) DOS
Lg[NO
-5 -4
-2
-1
Hinh 3.2 : Duong lam
\'iec
cua
dien cue
nitrat mang long
\'ai
cac chat deo hoa
khae
nhau
Qua khao sat mot so loai chat trao doi ion long tren co sa muoi amin bac 4 vai cac mach
hidrocacbon eo dp dai khae nhau chung toi co nhan xet vai chieu dai maeh
R=C8
thi linh
dp ciia

cha't
trao doi ion long la nhanh nhat (thong qua viec do thai gian dap ung
ciia
dien
cue) va
CO
dp doe va khoang tuyen tinh lan nhat. Ngoai ra nhan to lam moi truang van
chuyen cua cac chat trao
dOi
ion long cung
v6
cung quan trpng. Vai chat deo hoa la o-
NPOE mang thu dupe co mau trong (kha nang hoa tan cac chat trao d6i ion long
tot),
con
khi
sir
dung cac chat deo hoa khae mang co mau due.
Bang 3.1 : Ket qua xac dinh he so chpn loc cua dien cue nitrat bang phuang phap dung
dich rieng (nong dp ion cua cac dung dich
10"'
M/1,
do
tinh
va do trong dong chay FIA)
ions
NO^-
SCN-
I-
Br-

ci-
OAc-
HCOB
H.PO;
HPO/"
PO,^
so;
NO,-
Do trong trang thai
tinh
E(mV)
61
-48
-15
113
177
250
241
268
271
269
278
126
log
K,
^
0
+ 1.84
+
1.30

-0.89
-1.99
-3.24
-3.09
-3.54
-3.66
-4.18
-3.86
-1.13
aj,max
(M/1)
10'
1.4xl0'
5.0x10"^
7.8x10^
9.8xl0'
1.74
1.23
3.5
2.1x10'
3.5x10'
5.3xl0'
l.4xl0'
Do trong trang thai dong chav
(FIA)
E(mV)
59
-44
-12
109

190
248
260
268
272
282
261
126
log
K^
^
0
+ 1.72
+ 1.19
-0.86
-2.20
-3.23
-3.41
-3.54
-3.67
-4.45
-3.43
1.13
a,
(MA)
1.9x10"'
6.5x10'"^
7.2x10"'
1.7x10"'
1.7

2.6
3.5
2.2xl0'
2.2x10'
7.24xl0'
1.4x10'
Tix
ket qua xac dinh ha so ebon
Ipc ciia
dien cue. chung toi nhan thay cac anion gay anh
huang manh la SCN '. I '.
Br',
NO.
"
va
CI '
va OH
7
Do co dp ma hoa cao. ion I",
SCN'
CO
tha hoa tan true
tiep
vao pha mang ma khong can den
sir
tuang tac
vai
cac chat trao
dOi
ion. Tuy nhian nong dp

ciia
cac
ion gay
anh huang manh nay trong thuang rat nho do vay
su anh huang do chung
gay
ra khong dang ke. Cac
ion
halogen co he so chon loc nho
han, nhung do nong dp
ciia
chiing trong
moi iruong
lai gap nhieu tram lan n6ng dp
ciia
ion nitrat
vi
vay phai
lien
hanh buac
xii
ly so bp bang ket
tiia
bac truac khi xac dinh nitrat.
Ca ion anh huang khae bang
bian
phap phan buy bang
axit
sunfamic hoac thay doi pH
ciia

dung dich chuna ta c6
the
loai bo hoan loan anh huang
ciia
chiing.
Sau khi do kiem tra trong trang
thai
tinh.
chiing
toi
da thir nghiem do trong dong chay
FIA voi cac dieu
kien
da dupe
nghian ciiru
cho dap ung tot nhat :
loai.
thanh phan. pH va
loc dp
ciia
dung dich chai mang cho he FIA la dam photphat
10'^
M. pH = 2.8 va toe do
2.3
ml/phiit.
3.2 Khao sat dieu kien phan
tich
nitrit su dung he FIA voi dien
cue
chon

loc ion nitrat ket hop voi bo tham tich khi
3.2.1 Chon chat oxy hoa
Hien nay, dien cue mang long chpn
Ipc
ion nitrit
Iran
ca sa su dung din xuat cua vitamin
B12
da bat dau nghien cuu che tao [21]. Dien cue mang long loai nay co dp chpn
Ipc
rat
cao v6i ion nitrit, tuy nhian gia thanh
ciia
vat lieu mang con rat cao. Trong phan nay
chiing toi trinh bay mot phuang phap gian tiep xac dinh nitnt khae do theo nguyan tac
khir
nitrit thanh khi
NO,,
sau do chuyen boa
NO,
thanh
NO/
va xac dinh bang
cue
nitral.
Nitrit trong moi truang a xit tao thanh
NO,
se khuech tan qua mang tham khi \a dupe bay
trong dong chat mang chua chat oxy hoa. Chiing toi da thu nghiem
sir

dung 3
loai
chat
oxy hoa la
KMn04,
K2Cr207,
H.O
tat ca deu
dupe
pha trong dem photphat. Ca
KMnOj
va
K2Cr207
deu to ra kha nang oxy hoa rat tot, nhung do tinh oxy hoa manh cua chiing
nen gay ra nhieu tra ngai eo tha lam hong mang. Khi
sir
dung chat oxy hoa
H^O.,
chiing
toi nhan thay rang khong gap tra ngai nhu trong hai truang hcfp tren.
Qua trinh oxy hoa mau xav ra nhu sau
NO,-
'
NO.
+
H.O.
NO,
(thue hian
a pH thap)
NO.

De toi uu hoa dung dieh dem nay ta phai nghien cuu anh huang
ciia
pH, n6ng dp dem va
nong dp
H2O2.
O pH thap va nong dp dem
loang
thi
giai
ban phat hian nitril la toi uu ban.
Tuy nhian dien
cue
nitrat doi hoi moi truang pH
Iran
2,5 va
hian
lupng nhieu a dien cue
phu thuoc vao cuang dp ion. Chiing toi nhan thay rang vai nong do
H.O.
bang 0,1% ve
trpng lucfng so vai nitrit la
dii
de chuyan hoa hoan loan nitrit thanh nitrat. Diau dang
ngae
nhian la khi tang nong dp
H^O.
len
dang ka thi su chuyen hoa nay
lai giam
(diau nay

nhan thay qua theo doi tin
hieu
do).
Bang ket qua sau day se chi ra nong dp thich hcfp
ciia
chat oxy boa va dp pH
ciia
dong
chat mang (theo chiau cao
ciia
pie dupe tinh bang em).
Bang 3.2: Su phu thuoc
ciia
kha nang oxy hoa vao pH \a ham luang
ciia
chat oxy hoa
H.O.
%H2(V\
0,05
0,10
0,15
2,4
3.0
3.2
2.8
2,6
3,1
3,5
3.3
2,8

3.3
4,2
4.0
3,0
3.0
3,1
2.9
3,2
2.7
3.0
2.5
Tren
ca sa nghian cuu \an da toi uu hoa he
ihdng.
chiing toi
sir
dung dam phot phat
0,005M. pH 2,8
chiia
0.1%
H.O.
va
NaNO;
10"'
VI.
Viec
tham lupng nho nitrat co y
nghia
lam tang toe do can bang
ciia

dien
circ
va tang do nhay lai cac nong dp nitrit thap.
3.2.2. Xac dinh thdi gian cua phan
ixng
chuyen hoa
Thai gian cua phan ung chuyen hoa dupe xac dinh la khoang thai gian ka tir
liie
bam miu
den khi dong van thu hai. Khao sat thai gian phan
ling
thich hcfp quyet dinh den dp
chuyan hoa cua qua trinh. Bang ket qua dual day cho ta thay khoang thai gian thich hap
la 2,0
phiit.
Bang 3.3:
Sir
phu thuoc cua dp chuyen hoa vao thai gian oxy boa NO,.
Thai gian oxy hoa (phut)
Nong dp
10-'M
10-'M
10-'
M
10-'M
1,0 1,5
2,0 2,5
Cac
gia tri the
do duac (mV)

70
50
25
15
90
95
65
!
70
40
1
45
25 i 30
65
42
20
10
Cdc dieu kien xdc dinh nitrit bang su dung he FIA ket hap vai bo tham tich khi :
Dung dieh chat mang la muoi
KH2PO4
nong dp
10"^
M/1 vai pH=2,8 trong do eo chua
0,1%
Wt
H2O2
va
NaNO,
nong
d6 10"'M/1

- Dung dich axit hoa la
H,P04
nong dp
5.10''M/1
Toe dp dong chat mang la 2,3ml/phut
The tich vong miu 500|il
Dp nhay may ghi 50mV
Toe dp giay may ghi
Imm/phiit
Hinh ?f3 :
Tin
hiau
FIA
ciia
dung dich chuan
mint
xac dinh bang
dien
cue nitrat
ket hap vai bo tham tich
10
Tinh chpn
Ipc
cao ciia he thong phu thupe vao kha nang khuyech tan cua cae khi boa tan
trong dong chat mang qua mang teflon cua bp tham tich va dp chpn
Ipc ciia
detector chpn
loc ion nitrat. Ket qua thue nghiem cho thay cae ion
HCO3",
F',

CI",
Br" khong gay anh
huang tai qua trinh phan tich
NO2",
ngoai
trir
truang hcfp cua ion
503''
la co anh huang ro
ret. Trong he thong, ion
S03^"
chuyan hoa thanh khi
SO2
va khuech tan tuang toi manh
qua mang teflon va
gay
anh huang tai qua trinh dien cue. Tran thue te vai ham luang
sunphit trong moi
trucmg
thucfng nho han
10"^
M/1 do do khong gay anh huang den phep
xac dinh nitrit.
3.3 Khao sat cac dieu kien lam viec cua dien
cue
amoni
3.3.1 Khao sat dien
cue
amoni do
tinh:

Su ton tai cua ion amoni trong dung dich rat phu thuoc vao pH
ciia
dung dich do. do vay
khao sat su anh huang
ciia
pH dung dieh tai phep do dian the
ciia
ion nay la cin thiet. Cac
dung dich dem (nong dp
10"'
M/1) co pH khae nhau dupe
lua
chpn nhu sau : dem MES pH
=
5,5;
dem Tris pH
=
7.2 va dem Borat pH = 9.0. Ket qua dupe the hien trong hinh 3.4.
EMF(mV)
150
100 -
?00
1 - Oo trong dem Tns
pH-7.2
?- Do
liong
dem M£S
p\-{=j.7
3- Do trong dem Borax
pll=S.0

•9lNfi
-2
Hmh 3.4 : Duong lam viec
ciia dien cue
amoni do trong dam vai cac pH khae nhau
I-
dam TRIS
(pH-7.2):
2 - dam MES
(pH=5.5);
3 - dam Borat
fpH=9)
Tu ket qua thu duac chung
loi
nhan thay trong dam Borat
pH==9.0 dien
cue dap ung cham.
gia tri
the
khong on dinh do trong dem Borat pH
ciia
dung dich cao lam thay
d6i
can bang
NHj""
—>
NH;
lach
ve phia NH-, gay anh huang den the can bang dien
cue.

Khi
do trong dem MES pH = 5.5 va dem Tns pH =
7.2
ihi
dien
cue
boat dong tot ban. gia
tri the
6n
dmh. nhung dien
circ
do trong dem Tns co do doc
\'a
khoang tuyen tinh mo
rpng ban, co tha
dai
den
giai
han phat
hien
5.10"
M/l cua
ion
amoni.
II
Qua cac ke't qua khao sat tren chiing toi nit ra ket
luan
dian cue boat dong tot trong dem
Tris pH
=7,2.

Sau khi tim duac dung dich dem va pH thich hap doi vai cue amoni, chiing toi da xac
dinh he so chpn
Ipc
cua dien cue theo phuang phap dung dich riang, ket qua thu dupe
trinh bay trong bang sau:
Bang 3.4 : He so chpn
Ipc
ion cua dien cue amoni mang long va phan tram sai so cue dai
doi voi nong dp 10"' M/l cua cac dung dich ion ngoai dupe do a trang thai
tinh.
Cation
NH,
H^
Li^
Na"
K^
Mg^^
Ca'^
Ba^*
Logarit cua he
so
chon loc
Kj j
0
-3.87
-3.52
-2.40
-0.70
-3.97
-4.05

-4.18
Sai
so cue
dai
Pg
(%)
-_-
0.014
0.030
0.40
20.00
0.03
0.03
1
0.01
Til bang ka't qua he so chpn
Ipc,
cho ta thay ion
K^
va
chpn
Ipc
ion amoni, va cung tu bang tran cho thay
khi
amoni thi sai so gay ra la 0,4% doi vai truang hcfp Na
cac ion
khae
co he so chpn
Ipc
K^^^

j
deu
tij
10"'
den
phep do
NH/
deu nho ban 0,04%. Nhu vay dien cue
tuang doi cao doi vai mot so cation
trir
truang hop
ciia
tham khao nong dp
K^
va
Na^
trong mau moi truang th
sai so do anh huang
ciia
chiing gay ra chiing toi
tien
Na^
gay anh huang manh den cue
hai
ion nay
ciing nPng
dp vai ion
^
va 20% doi vai
K*.

Con doi
vai
10
'^,
sai so do chiing
gay
ra trong
chiing loi che tao co dp chpn
Ipc
2 ion
K"
va
Na*.
Theo cac tai lieu
uang kha cao. Vi vay da
iranh
cac
hanh khao sat theo phuang phap
dong chay.
3.3.2 Khao sat
cue
amoni do trong he thong FIA
Lua chon chat mang:
Til
ket qua thu dupe khi khao sal
dien ciJc
a trang thai
tinh
ta su dung dien cue ebon loc
ion amoni lam detector trong he thong dong chay.

Nhu phan tren da thay pH boat dong toi uu
ciia
dien
cue
la
7.2
do do
khi
lua chpn dong
chat mang ta
sir
dung mot so dem thong thuang co kha nang dem trong khoang nay nhu:
Tris-HCl
pH=7,2; phot
phat(KH2P04
va
Na.HPO,
) pH=7.5:
xitrat
pH=6,7.
Sau day la ket
qua thu dupe:
12
^^idnnm&
Hinh 3.5 Tin hieu FIA khi sir dung cac loai dem khae nhau lam chat mang
Ket qua cho thay vai dem phot phat duang nan khong on dinh, duang lam viec khong dap
ung yau cau.
Khi
sii
dung chat mang la dem phot phat a

pH==7.5
thi co the tuyen tinh trong khoang
tii
lO'"*
den 10''M nhung
khi
do dp doc thap (45,8mV/dec), do thanh phan
ciia
dem co chua
cac ion kali va natri.
Tir
cac ket qua thu
dupe
chiing loi thay dem phot phat khong thich hap lam chat mang vi
tin hieu xau, duang nen khong dupe
Ihang,
dp doc khong cao va khoang tuyen linh hep.
Con doi vai hai
loai
dem xitrat va dem
Tris,
thi
dem Tns cho tin
hieu
tot han. dp doc cao
ban (53,lmV/dec). nhung thai
gian
tra lai duang
nan
keo dai (khoang 3 phut). Trong

truang hcfp dem xitrat, tuy thai gian tra lai duong nen nhanh
(khoang1.5
phut) pic gpn
ban nhung tin hieu do thap va co khoang tuyen tinh nho han (chi
lai nPng
dp
lO^M).
Do
do viec toi uu hoa cac dieu
kien
lam viec trong he FIA can duac tiep tuc nghien cuu ky
han. Hian nav
chiino toi
lam duns lai
a
viae co the su duns duns dich dem Tris lam chat
mang cho he FIA nham xac dinh chpn
Ipc
ion amoni.
Xdc
dinh he so
chpn
loc cua dien
cue
trong ddng chdy:
Sau khi tim
dupe
chat mang thich hap. chiing toi lien hanh do dp can tra
ciia
cae ion trong

dong chay. Cac cation khae nhau vai nong dp
O.IM
lan
luot
dupe bam vao he. ket qua thu
dupe
a bang sau:
Bang 3.5: Ha so chpn
Ipc
ion
ciia
dien cue amoni mang long
\'a
phan tram
sai
so
cue
dai
doi vai nons do
10"'
M/l
ciia
cac duns dich ion ngoai duac do irons dong chav.
Cation
NH,
H*
Lr
Na*
K*
Mg'*

Ca'*
Ba'*
1
Logarit
!
j
i
ciia
he
so
0
-4.00
-3.60
-2.80
-0.80
-5.30
-4.70
-5.30
chonioc
Kj j
Sai
so cue
dai
P^
(%)
—
0.010
0.020
0.160
15.850

0.001
0.006
0.002
13
So sanh ket qua
vira
thu
dupe
vai ket qua
a
trang thai
tinh,
chiing toi nhan thay trong dong
chay dp chpn loc tuy co cao ban nhung vin bi
Na"*"
va K
"^
gay sai so lan
(0.16
% do Na"*"
va 15,85 % do
K"*"
gay ra). Qua do ta thay rang, vin chua the xac dinh true tiep amoni tir
cae
mau
theo phuang phap dong chay.
Vi vay, tren ca sa tham khao tai lieu nuac ngoai,
ciing
vai nhung ket qua thu
dupe a Iran

chiing toi chuyen sang huang nghian cuu mai la xac dinh ham lupng amoni bang he FIA
CO gan
bp tham tich khi.
3.3.3 Khao sat trong he
FIA
co
g^n
bp tham tich
khi
Tu
nhOng
ket qua thu
duge
trong he FIA thong thuang va nghian cuu tai lieu tham khao
[ ] chiing toi buac dau nghian cuu dap
ling ciia
dien cue trong he FIA co gan bp tham tich
khi
v6i
dong hap thu khi la dem Tris pH =
7,2.
Lua chon pH cho phdn
i(ng
chuyen hod
Amoni trong dung dich ton tai can bang sau:
NH4"^
+
OH
- ====>
NH3 + H+

(3.1)
Di
can
bang chuyan dich ve phia trai (tao NH3) thi can phai tang pH
ciia
dung dich thanh
moi truang kiam. Trong truang hcfp nay, chiing toi da diing dung dich NaOH co pH khae
nhau cho phan
ling
chuyen hoa va dong thai lam dong van chuyen
mau
den bp tham tich.
Sau day la tin hieu FIA va duang lam viec cua dien
cue
khi diing NaOH co pH khae nhau
cho phan ung chuyen boa.
-~i
s
— *
-^^
Hinh
3.6 : Tin
hiau FIA
kei hap
voi
bo tham
lich khi
100
EMF(mV)
0 -

-100
:oo
-i'JU
^
J"
y
2'
A
pH = 8
•
pH
=
10
0
pH
=
12
LglNH
-4
Hinh
3.7 : Duong lam viec cua
FIA
ket hap vai bp thaim lich khi a cac pH khae nhau
Tii do thi
Iran
ta thay rang:
vai
pH =
12
dian cue lam

viae
lot nhat.
nghIa
la phan ung
chuyen hoa
Iriat
da nhai. Neu pH cao ban nua
.se
dan den qua trinh thuy phan cac cation
kim loai kiem
lh6,
gay
tac mang. ngan can qua trinh tham
khi.
Vay pH tot nhat cho phan
ling chuyen boa la 12.
Xdc dinh
ihZyi
gian chuyen hod
Thai gian chuyen hoa cung chinh la thai
gian
ke'
lu khi
dong van
ihu
nhat den khi dong
van thu hai) bao gom :
4-
Thai gian chuyen boa tii NH
^

thanh NH3
duai
tac dung
ciia
NaOH
(dian
ra
a
kenh
duai)
+ Thai gian NH3 tham qua mang de lan kanh tran
+ Thai gian chuya'n hoa
tir
NH3 thanh NH
+
(dian ra a kenh
Iran)
Chiing toi sir dung nong do NH
"^ (10"^M)
da khao sat. Ket qua thu duac trong bang sau:
Bang 3.6 : Anh huang cua
thai
gian den chuyan boa den dp nhay (nong do dung dich
amoni
sir
dung trong khao sat nay la 10"' M/l)
Thai gian
(phiit)
1.0
The(mV) 88.2

2.0
89.7
2.5
95
3.0
96.8
3.5
94
4,0
92,5
Tij
do ta thay rang thai gian cho su chuyen hoa lan nhat la 3
phiii.
Xdc
dinh he so chon loc:
Trong he nay, qua trinh xac dinh
NH4+
khong bi
Na"^
va
K+
gay anh huang nhung neu
nong dp
Ca^"*"
va
Mg^"^
lan se bi thuy phan, tao ket lua dang huyan phu (do pH cao cua
moi
truang), lam tac mang, can tra qua trinh tham khi. Trong truang hap nay, dung dich chat
chuyen hoa (NaOH) can cho tham EDTA (nong dp

0,0IM)
de tao phuc ben, ngan khong
cho Ca
'^
va Mg
"^
thuy phan.
Anh huang cua
toe
do bam vd the tich vdng mau :
Ngoai cac yeu to quan trpng nau
Iran,
khi thay
dPi
cac vong miu co tha tich khae nhau
\'a
diau chinh toe dp bam khae nhau chiing toi cung nhan dupe cac dp nhay khae nhau. Gia
tri lua chpn
phii
hcfp cho he phan tich nay nhu sau :
-I-
Toe
dp bam kanh tran : 1,5
ml/phiit
-I-
Toe dp bam kenh duai: 1,0
ml/phiit
-I-
The lich vong miu la
:

100
\x\
3.4.
iTng
dung do
mkn
moi truang
nude
va nuoc thai
Hien nay so dan a
thii
do Ha noi co khoang
Iran
1,5
irieu
nguai. Vai han 250 nha may lan
va trung binh. khoang 1000 co so san xuat nho, 20 benh vien va nhiau vien nghien cuu
khae.
Lucng nuac thai hang nam cua Ha
npi
ca 120 irieu
m'
dupe thai ra
chii
yeu tii 4
khu cong
nghiep
chinh nam a phia nam thanh phd da la ngu6n gay o nhiem anh huang
true tiep tai nguon nuac khu vuc Ha npi. Cac khu cong
nghiap

nay chu yeu nam rai rac
chung quanh huyen Thanh tri bao gom 33 nha may
Idn
nhu :
• Khu cong nghiep Van dian: nha may boa chat, nha may pin, nha mayphan bon phot
phat, nha may
muc
• Khu cong nghiep
VInh
tuy: Cac nha may dat nhu: Nha may del 8-3. nha may dat Ha
npi,
nha may Hong ha
• Khu cong nghiep Minh
khai
va Giap bat: Khu che bien thue pham (6 nha may), nha
may khoa Minh khai. nha may
cha'
tao may a Mai
dong
• Vai nha may a khu cong nghiep Thuang dinh. cac benh vien va cac phong thi
nghiam
Ion
nhu: Thanh nhan. Bach mai va Viet x6 cung dang
thai
nuoc ra song To lich va
Kim nguu.
Nguon nuac thai a cac benh vien \'a cac phong thi nghiem nghian
ciiu
thuang c6 chua
nhihig

sinh vat gay benh. nhieu hoa chat co doc tinh. Nuoc thai
sinh
boat cung nhu nuac
thai cong nghiep la nhung doi tuang co chua nhieu
ion
co
nita.
Lucng nuoc do dupe
thai
true
tiep vao cac kanh, muang, ao, ho
da
tan dung cac chai
dinh
duong trong nuac thai da
nuoi ca. Dong thai tir cac ngu6n nuac nay chung cung co tha duac diing da bam tuai cho
hoa mau.
Chinh
VI
vay. chung toi tien hanh lay miu a mot so nha may nuac
Iran
dia ban Ha
noi
cung nhu mot so diam tren he thong thoat nuac nham thu nghiam kha nang ung dung cua
thiet bi phan tich dong chay sir dung
cue
chon
Ipc
ion phuc vu phan tich cac
ion

v6 co
chua nita.
16
3.4.1 Lay
mSu
va bao quan
mkn
[22] :
Ngoai viec lay miu nu6c ngim
a
cac nha may nu6c phuc vu cho viec khao sat thi cae
miu
sit
dung cho viec phan tich con
dupe
lay tai mot so diem doc theo cac con
song,
ao,
dim
ca chLi
yeu la khu vuc thupe huyen Thanh tri. Miu dupe lay bang thiet bi lay miu
nu6c
a
dp sau 0,5 met v6i the tich khoang 1 lit va dupe axit boa ngay lap tuc bai 5ml axit
sunfuric dac doi voi muc dich phan tich NH/, con doi vai phan tich
NO3"
va
NO2
thi miu
duac bao quan bang eloroform da ban cha'

sir
chuyan boa cua cae vi sinh vat. Tat ca cac
miu nay dupe dung trong chai thuy tinh 1 lit mau nau va dupe bao quan a
4'^C
trong
phong thi nghiem.
3.4.2 Xac dinh ham
lugng
cac ion amoni eo trong mau nuoc ngam:
De khao sat viec xac dinh ham lucng cac ion v6 co co chua nita trong moi truang. buac
diu chiing toi thu nghiem
tia'n
hanh xac dinh ham luang ion amoni co trong nuac ngim
tran dia ban Ha npi bing dien cue chpn
Ipc
ion amoni mang long vira che tao a tran. Dong
thai so sanh ket qua thu dupe vai viec xac dinh bang dien cue khi amoniac thuang
mai
do
MI che tao.
a) Xdc dinh ham luang cdc ion amoni co trong man nuac ngdm hang dien
cue
mang long:
Viae xac dinh nong dp ion amoni co trong nuoc ngam
dupe
thue hien theo phuang phap
iham.
Npi dung
ciia
phuang phap do nhu sau:

Do hai gia
in
the
ciia
dung dich miu truac
khi
tham
(E,)
va sau
khi
tham
(E.)
mot the tich
Va dung dich chuan NH/ n6ng dp Cs vao dung dich miu tha tich Vo va nong dp chua
biet Cx. Khi do
taco:
CsVa 1
Cx
Vo
^Ka
'^QA£
5
^^O
Vo + Va
Neu Vo lan ban Va rit nhieu thi ta co:
C -
Vai AC
=CsVa/Vo
AE
=E.

-E,
AC
,QA£5
Vo
Vo + Va
Cac miu dung trong
viae
khao sat
dupe
lay
lu
cac nha may nuac nam tran dia ban Ha
npi
nhu : Nha may nuac
Mai
dich. nha may nuac Phap Van. nha may nuac Ha dinh. nha may
nuac Yan phu, nha may nuac Tuang mai. nha may bia Heniger
Tien hanh do gia tri
the
E, truac
khi
them 0.25ml
NH.Cl
O.IM
va
gia in
the
E.
sau
khi

tham 0,25ml
NH4CI
O.IM
roi tinh nong dp theo phuang phap them nau chuan ta thu duac
ket qua nhu sau :
-
»
uimBi '
Gia tri the do
duac tinh bang
mV
Lanl
Lan2
Lin3
TrungbinhE,
linl
lin2
lan3
Trung binh E2
AE
Nong
do
(mg/1)
Phap
Van
Truac
-71.8
-72.1
-72.1
-72.0

-52.6
-52.8
-53.3
•52.9
19.1
13.9
Sau
-75.0
-75.5
-75.1
-75.2
-54.5
-54.8
-54.1
-54.5
20.7
12.3
HaDmh
Truac
-79.2
-79.8
-79.6
-79.5
-56.3
-55.5
-56.4
•56.1
23.4
10.2
Sau

-81.3
-80.9
-80.9
•81.0
-56.5
-55.8
-56.3
•56.2
24.8
9.3
YanPhu
Truac
-96.0
-96.1
-95.7
-95.9
-59.7
-59.9
-59.3
-59.7
36.2
4.7
Sau
-99.4
-99.8
-99.2
•99.5
-60.7
-60.9
-60.4

-60.7
38.8
4.1
TuangMai
Truac
-88.6
-88.6
-88.0
-88.3
-58.9
-59.1
-58.4
-58.8
29.5
6.9
Sau
-91.1
-90.7
-91.3
-91.0
-60.6
-60.8
-60.1
-60.5
30.5
6.5
Do
miu a nha may
nuac
Mai

Dich
va May Bia
Heniger
nam
ngoai khoang tuyen tinh
cua
dien
cue
nan
chiing
toi
khong
dua cae gia tri do
dupe
ciia
chiing
vao
phin
ket qua.
Di danh
gia
tinh diing
din va
tinh
kha
ihi ciia
phuang phap buac tiep theo chiing
161
xac
dinh

ham
lucfng
ion
amoni trong nuoc ngam
ciia
cac miu
Iran
bing dien
cue
nhay
khi
NH^
thuang
mai
do My che tao sau do so
sanh
vai kei qua
vira
thu
dupe a
tran.
b).
Xdc dinh
ion
amoni trong nUac ngdm hang dien
cue
nhay
khi
theo phuang phap {hem
tieu chuan

Do
the
ciia
dung dich
miu
tuang
lu
nhu
Iran.
Gia tri E, la the do
dupe
truac
khi
tham
NH4CI
con
E.
la gia tri the sau khi
iham
0,2 ml
NH4CI
O.IM.
Sau do
tinh nong
dp
theo
phuang phap tham
ta thu
dupe
ket qua sau:

Cac
gia
tri the do
dupe linh bans
mV
lanl
lan2
lan
3
Trungbinh
E,
Lanl
Lan2
Lan
3
Trungbinh
E^
AE
Nongdo (ms/l)
Phap
Van
Truac
30.1
29.4
29.6
29.7
19.2
19.7
20.0
19.6

lO.l
13.4
Sau
40.2
39.5
39.7
39.8
28.2
28.6
28.7
28.5
11.3
11.7
Ha
Dinh
Truac
41.3
41.7
41.9
41.6
27.9
28.5
28.8
28.4
13.2
9.5
Sau
48.6
47.8
48.3

48.0
33.6
33.9
34.4
34.0
14.0
8.8
Yen Phu
Truac
58.3
57.8
58.5
58.2
35.4
35.2
34.8
35.1
23.1
4.4
Sau
60.6
60.5
59.8
60.3
35.9
35.1
35.4
35.4
24.9
3.8

Tuang Mai
Truac
50.3
51.1
50.5
50.6
32.6
32.8
33.3
32.9
17.7
6.4
Sau
53.2
52.5
52.7
52.8
33.7
33.6
34.2
33.9
18.9
6.0