Nghiên cứu tín hiệu ECG với giải pháp công nghệ ASIC sử dụng các linh kiện chủng loại FPGA cho các ứng dụng truyền thông

MUC
LUC
1.
Miic luc
2.
Bang giai thich eac chu viet tat
3.
Danh sach nhung nguai tham gia de tai
4.
Danh
muc
cac bieu bang so lieu
5.
Tom tat cac ket qua nghien euu chinh
6.
BAO
CAO TONG KET
6.1 Dat van de
6.2 Tong quan
6.3 Muc tieu va ngi dung nghien euu
6.4 Dia diem va thai gian nghien
euu
6.5 Ket qua
6.6 Thao
luan
6.7 Ket luan . kien ngbi
6.8 Tai lieu tham khao
7.
PHU LUC
7.1 T6m tat de tai nghien
ctru

khoa hoc (T.Viet)
7.2 Tom tat de tai nghien
euu
khoa hoe
{
l.Anh)
7.1 Fhiet ke tren FPGA de
loai
on eho tin hieu
ECG nha bien doi song eon
7.2 Bia luan van tot nghiep bac dai hoc ve
FPGA
7.3 De cuang da duge phe duvet
7.4 Hop dong duge thuc hien
7.5 Tom tat ket qua nghien euu
7.6 Phieu dang ki ket qua nghien euu
1
2
4
6
7
7
8
15
15
16
16
17
17
!8

20
28
41
43
44
OAI
HOC QUOC GIA HA
NOI
TRUNG
TAM THONG
TIN THIJ VIEN
I)
q^^
2.
BANG GIAI THIGH CAC
TlT
VIET TAT
Ky
hieu
TiengAnh
Tieng Viet
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BER Bit Error Rate
CBl
Cross Band Interference
CSA Carrier Serving Area
DC Direct Current
DC!
Discrete Cosine Transform
DDS Digital Data Service

DFE Decision Feed-back Equalizer
DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
DMB Discrete Multi-Band
DMT Discrete
Multi'Fone
DMS Discrete MultiScale
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DVVMT Discrete Wavelet Multitone
Transform
DVVr Discrete Wavelet Transform
FDM
l-requencN
Division Multiplexing
YVi
Fast Fourier Transform
FIR Finite Impulse Response
FPGA Field Programable Gate Array
FWT
i-ast
Wavelet Transform
Nhieu
Gauss,
trang cgng tinh
Ty
le
bit
loi
Nhieu giua cac bang
Vung
phue

vu song mang
Dong dien mot chieu
Bien doi Cosin roi rac
Dich \ u
dCr
lieu so
Bg can bang phan hoi
qu>'et dinh
Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac
Da bang rai rac
Da am rai rac
Da phan giai roi rac
Xu
ly
tin hieu so
Bien
doi da song con rai
rae
Phep
bien
dot song con
roi
rac
Hop kenh phan
chia
thco tan so
Phep bien doi fourier
nlianh
Bg
Igc

dap ung xung
hirti
ban
Ma tran cong kha lap trmh
Phep bien doi song con nhanh
HPF High-pass Filter
IBI
Inter-Band Interference
ICI Inter-CaiTier
Interference
IDFT
Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
IDWMT
Inverse Discrete Wavelet
Muhitone
Transform
IDWF
Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
IFFT
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
ISl
InterSymbol Interference
LMSE Least Mean Squared Error
LPF Low-Pass Filter
MCM Multi-Carrier Modulation
MFB Matched-Filter Bound
MRA Multi-Resolution Approximated

MRSE Mean Redundacy
Squared
Error
MMSE Minimum Mean Squared Error
MSSNR Maximum Shortening
Signal-to-
Noise Ratio
PDF Probability Densitv Function
PSD Power Spectrum Density
SDE Scale Domain Equalizer
SNR Signal to
Noise
Ratio
STFT
Space Time
Frequency
Transform
Mach
Igc
thong cao
Nhieu trong bang
Nhieu giu'a cac song mang
Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac
ngirge
Phep bien doi da song con roi rac
ngugc
Phep bien doi ngugc song con
roi
rac
Vien Ky thuat Dicn va Dien tu

Phep bien doi ngugc eua phep
bien
doi Fourier
nhanli
Nhieu giua cac ki hieu
Sai so binh
phirang
trung binh toi
thieu
Mach
Igc
thong tbap
Dieu che da song mang
Bien bg
Igc
hoa hgp
Gan
dicing
da phan giai
Loi binh phuang con
dir
trung
binli
Loi binh phuang trung binh toi thieu
Lam ngan
lai
toi da
t\
so
tin hieu

v:cn
on
Ham mat do xac
xucit
Mat do pho
ce^ng
suat
Bg can bang
mien
phan
giai
T\
so cong
biuii tin hicu
U'cn
iihicu
Bien doi
viine iho'i eian
tan so
3.
DANH SACH
NHLTNG
NGlTOI THAiM
GIA THL C HIEN DE TAI
a. Chu tri de tai : Ths. Nguyen Quoc Tuan
Bg mon He thong Vien thong
Khoa Dien
tir
Vien thong
Trirane

Dai hoc Cone
nehe
- Dai hoc Quoc eta
I
ia no\
b. Cac can bo tham
gia
1.
Tran Quang Dat
2.
Mau van Phuo'ng
3.
Biii
Trung Ninh
4.
Iran
Thanh
I
lai
Ths.
Truang Dai
bgc
Cong nghe
FIgc
vien Cao bgc Truang Dai hgc Cong nghe
FIgc
vien Cao hgc Fruang Dai bgc Cong nghe
Cu nhan Truane Dai hoc Cone nehe
4.
DANH MUC CAC BANG SO LIEU,

HINH
VE
Hinh
1:
Tom tat
luu
do thiet ke VHDL Trang
10
Hinh 2: Sa do
ngiiyen
ly mach do tin hieu ECG Trang
11
Hinh 3: So do mach do tin hieu ECG Trang
12
Hinh 4: Sa do
Ichoi
he xu
li
tin hieu ECG Trang
13
Hinli
5: Mach chi tiet loai on tren DWT Trang
14
5. TOM TAT CAC KET QUA NGHIEN CUU CHINH
CIA
DE
TAI
Ten de tai: Nghien
eim
tin hieu ECG vai

giai
phap cong nghe
ASIC sir
dung
cac
linh
kien
chiing
loai FPGA
Chu tri de tai: ThS Nguyen Quoc Tuan - Khoa DTVT
Ma so de
tai:
QC.07.12
Muc tieu nghien
euu:
- Nghien
ciru tai
lieu,
thu thap. tim hieu bo sung ve FPGA.
Tao ra san pham mau cong nghe
Xilinx
su dung FPGA
Noi dung nghien
ciiu:
Nghien euu ngon
ngir
thiet ke VHDL:
-H
Lam chu ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA
+

Xay dung cac mach bien doi s6ng con.
Phuong phap nghien
ciiu
- Nghien euu pham mem thiet ke
ISE
Foundation 8.0 cua hang Xilinx.
Nghien euu ung dung xu ly thong tin (dien tu. xu ly so ).
Ni^hien ciai
cons
neibe
FPGA
Ket qua nghien
ciiu:
San pham khoa hgc:
T 01
bai bao dang tai tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe DHQGHN.
San pham cong nghe:
+ 01 san pham cong nghe su dung cong nghe Xilinx.
San pham dao tao:
+ 01 kJioa
luan tot nghiep dai hgc.
Hieu qua kinh te
\a
kha nang ap dung thuc te:
^
Cho cac do dac \a thu thap cac tin hieu
y
sinh.
-1-
Cho cac thiet bi dien tu chu\en duns.

6. BAO CAO TONG KET
6.1.
Dat van de :
1
u
nira
cuoi the ky 20 eho den nay, tat ca cac cong nghe da phat trien
manh nie
lam tang cuang sue manh cua xa hoi. Hau bet cac phat trien quan trgng nay. ngoai cac
dac trung cua tung
Imh
vuc. deu dua vao
nhirng
phat tnen cua Cong nghe Thong tin
v
a
dien
tir
truyen
thong,
gom ca phan
cimg,
phan mem va cac thuat toan lien quan. Soi
chi do noi ket cac thanh phan nay chinh la khai niem
tich
hgp thong minh: cac
du
lieu
duge sap dat phan tich va bai toan duge giai quyet vai nhung phuang phap su' dune tri
tue nhan tao.

Ve phan mem. chung ta co cac khai niem quan trgng nhu
xir
ly
ttr thicli
nehi.
thong minh nhan tao. phan mem nhung Ve phan
cung,
do tich hgp cac vi mach cane
ngay cang cao, cac bg xu ly cang ngay cang manh \'a nhat la cong nghe san xuat bg
nha
nga)'
cang tra nen tinh vi.
Hien nay chung ta c6 the
sir
dung may tinh ca nhan. cac bg vi xu ly tin
hicti
so
(DSP) va cac bg phat trien phan
cirng sir
dung cong nghe FPGA de giai quyet mot
\'an
de.
Neu
cbi
su dung may tinh de giai quyet thi thiet bi rat cong kenh va gia thanh cao.
Co
nhCrng
ap dung
bai bue}c
phai xu dung cac bg

vi
xu ly DSP de eo
gia ihanh
thap
\a
ggn nhe
ho'n.
Tu}'
nhien. trong truang hgp nay chung ta can thiet ke cac
giao dien
de
lien ket
\'ai
cac thiet bi khac nham hgp thanh mot he thong thich hgp. Cuoi
cting.
ncu
muon mot thiet ke dac biet de kiem chirng chat
lugng
va tinh kha thi cua
mgi giai
phap,
chung ta c6 the dimg cong nghe FPGA. cho phep chung ta
thiel
ke
va
\a\
dirne
cac mach xu ly c6 chue nang nhu mong muon. Dau tu cho phan
ctrng
va phan mem

FPGA khong qua dat. cac
chip
FPGA lap trinh lai duge
sir
dung duge nhieu
Ian,
\'i
va\v
cong cu FPGA rat thich hgp
voi biroe
dau tien trong
chucmg
trinh dao tao
thicl kc
vi dien
tir.
Mot trong cac ung
dimg
trong khuon kho de tai SIS la
xa\-
dung he
thone
\u li
dua tren FPGA tich hgp DSP. Doi tugng xu li
lua
chgn trong de tai
na\'
la cac
tin hieu
y sinh (tin hieu dien tam do - ECG)

6.2. Tong quan
cac van de
nghien
ciiu
a) FPGA
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
la vi
mach dung
cau
true mang phan
tu
logic
ma
nguai
diing
eo the lap
trinh duge.
(ChuJ^eld
a day
muon
chi
den
klrci
nang
tai
lap
trinli "ben
ngoai''
ciia
nguai

su
dung,
Idiong
phu
thugc
vao da}
chu\cn
^an xuai
phue
tap
ciia
nha may ban
dan).
Vi
mach FPGA duge
cau
thanh
tu cac bg
phan:
•
Cac
khoi
logic
ca ban lap
trinh
duge
(logic block)
•
Fie
thong mach lien

ket lap
trinh
duge
• Khoi vao/ra
[10
Pads)
Phan
tu
thiet
ke san
khac
nhu DSP
slice,
RAM. ROM.
nhan
vi xu ly
FPGA eung duge
xem
nhir
mot
loai
vi
mach
ban dan
chu\en
dung
\SIC.
nhu'ne
neu
so

sanh FPGA
vai
nhung ASIC
dac che
hoan toan
hay
ASIC thiel
ke
tren
thir v
ien
logic
thi
FPGA khong
dat
duge
muc do toi uu nhu
nhCrng
loai
na_\.
va han
che uvuig
kha nang thuc bien
nJiung
lac vu dac
biet phue
tap. tu)' \ay
FPGA
iru viet
hon

a
cho
CO
the tai cau
true
lai kbi
dang
sir
dung,
cong doan thiet
ke don
gian
do
va\
chi phi
giam,
rut
ngan thai gian
dua san
pham
vao
sir
dung.
Con
neu so
sanh
\'ai cac
dang
vi
mach

ban dan lap
trinh
duge
dung
cau
trhc
mang
phan
tir
logic
nhu PAL.
CPLD
thi
FPGA
uu \ iet ban cac
diem:
tac vu tai lap
Irinh
cua
fPGA
thuc hien
don
gian
ban: kha
nang
lap
trinh linh dgng
ban:
khac
biel

quan
tri^ng
nhat
la
kien true
cua
FPG.V
cho
phep
no eo kha
nang
chira
khoi lugng
leVn
cone logic
(logic
gate),
so voi cac vi
mach
ban dan lap
trinJi
duge
eo
truac
no.
Thiet
ke hay lap
trinh
cho
FPGA duge thuc hien

chu yeu
bang
cac
ngon
wdu
mo ta
phan ctrng
HDL nhu
VHDL, Verilog.
.AHDL.
cac
hang
san
xuat
IPCiA
Ion
nhu'
Xilinx. Altera
thuo'ng
cung
cap cac
goi
phan
mem
va
thiel
hi
phu
ira
cho

vjua tnnh
thiet
ke:.
cung
c6 mot so cac
hang
thu ba
cung
cap cac goi
phan
mem
kieu
na\
niur
S\nops>s,
S\nplif\
Cac goi
phan
mem
na\
c6 kha
nang thuc hien
tat ca cac
btioe
cua loan
bg quy
trinh thiet
ke
IC
chuan

\'ai
dau vao la ma
thiet
ke
tren
HDL (con ggi la
ma
RTL).
Kien
true
mai cua
FPGA
cho
phep tinh
hgp so
krgng tiroug
doi Ian cac
phan
tu ban
dan
vao 1
vi
mach
so
vo'i
kien
true
truac
do la
CPLD. FPG.A

co kha
nane chua
Un
tu'
100.000
dSn
hang vai ty cong
logic,
trong khi CPLD
chi
chua
tir
10.000 den
lOU.Oou
cone
loeic;
con so nav doi vai PAL. PEA con thap ban
nira
chi dat vai nehin
de^n
10.000.
• CPLD
duge
cau
true
tu so lugng nhat dinh cac Ichoi SPED
[Simple
programcible
devices,
thuat ngir chung chi PAL. PEA). SPLD thuang la mot

mang logic AND/OR lap trinh duge co kich
thirae
xac dinh va chua mot so
lugng han che cac phan
tir
nha dong bg (clocked register). Cau
true
na\
han che
kha nang thuc hien
nhu'ng
ham
phtre
tap
va
thong
thtrang hieu suai
lam
viee
cua
vi mach phu thugc vao cau
true
cu the cua vi mach ban la vao
\'eu
cau
bai
toan.
• Kien true cua FPGA la kien
true
mang cac khoi logic.

kJioi
logic,
nho ban nhieu
neu dem so sanh vai mot khoi SPLD, uu diem nay giup FPGA co
the
chua
nhieu ban cac phan
tir
logic va phat huy toi da kha nang lap trinh cua cac phan
tu logic va he thong mach ket noi. de dat
duge
muc dich nay thi kien true cua
FPGA phue tap ban
nJiieu
so vai CPLD.
Mot diem khac biel vai CPLD la trong nhCrng FPGA hien dai duge tich hgp nhieu
nliCrng
bg logic so bgc da
so'
bg toi uu boa. ho trg
I^-\M.
ROM.
toe
do cao. bay cac bg
nhan cong (mullication and
acciimiikttion.
MAC),
thuat
ngCr
tieng Anh la DSP slice

dung cho
nhirng
ung dung xu ly tin hieu so DSP. Ngoai kha nang tai cau
true
\
i
mach
toan cue. mot so FPGA hien
dai
eon ho trg tai cau true cue bo. arc la kha nane
lai
cau
true mot bg phan rieng le
Irong
khi van dam bao boat eigng bmh thuang cho cae ho
phan khac.
Lfng
dung cua FPGA bao gom: xu ly tin hieu so DSP, cac he thong hang khong. vu
Iru.
quoc phong. tien thiet ke mau ASIC (ASIC
prototvping).
cac he
llione elieu
khicn
true quan, phan tich nhan dang anh, nhan dang tieng noi, mat ma hgc, mo
hinh
phan
cij'ng
may
tiiili

Do tinh linh dgng cao trong qua trinh thiet ke cho phep FPGA
giai
qu\
et lo'p nhCrne
bai toan
phiie
tap ma truoe kia
ebi thirc
hien nho phan mem
ma\"
tmb. ngoai ra
nho'
mat do cong logic
Ion
FPGA duge ung dung eho nhCrng bai loan
doi
hoi
khui luoive
tinh toan
Ian \'a
dune trone cac he thone lam
\aec
theo
tho'i
eian
ihirc.
b) VHDL
VHDL
la
ngon

ngir
mieu
ta
phan
cirng (VHSIC HardM-are Description
Language).
VHDL mieu
ta
boat dgng
cua
mach
hay he
thong dien
tu de eo
diroe
mach
hay
he
thong dien
tu
thuc. VHDL duge ung dung cho
bai
thiet
bi
logic
lap
trinh dtrge
la CPLD (Thiet
bj
logic

lap
trinh duge)
va
FPGA
(cau
true mang phan
tu
logic
nta
nguai dimg
co the
lap trinh duge).
Mot trong
cac
tien
ich
chinh
cua
VFIDL
la no cho
phep
to hgp mot
mach dicn
hay
mot he
thong vao trong mot thiet
bi lap
trinh duge. Moi
mgi
khi

v iei
code
\
1IDL.
no
CO
the
duge dung hoac
de tao ra
"mach
dien^'
cho ben
Irong
mot
thiel
bi co the lap
trinli duge (cua Xillinx hay Altera.
Atmel
)
hoac
eo
the duge e1e trinh
de
cung cap cho
nha
ma}'
che tao chip
.ASIC.
Khac
vai cac

chuong
trinli eho may tinh
chi co the van
hanh
mot
each trinh
tu.
VFIDL
duge
coi la
'"ma-code'"
vi no
cho phep
van
hanh song song.
Chi cae
trang
thai
cua VHDL duge
dai
ben
trong
mot
PROCESS,
FbrN'CTlOX
nay
PRnLFDLRb
la
diroe
van hanh trinli

ttr.
NMillK
Cnnipiliinoii
0;uL-
ll.'^^
OiHKiu/
i[|,in
OjHlltli/i'd (K'llisl
'
<C\:\\C
\e\-e\'
SiiViul.itUMi
Pl.u.
.V kniiU
tlij'> ice
^IHiUl.llidti
Hinii
I
•
Tom
tat
:iru
do
ihiei
ke
VHDL
HI
c) Mach do tin hieu ECG
tipcng tiF
Tin hieu ECG la rat yeu va khong ro rang, dien ap chenh lech giCra 2

Llicn circ
phia tay trai va phia lay phai ca l-3mV va tan so cua cac tin hieu ECG nam trong
khoang giua 0.02Hz eho tai 150Hz. Chat lugng
ciia
cac sensor cam nhan tin
hieu
LLC;
tiiv
thuoc vao bang thong cua no. Cac sensor ECG tren thi truang
eia
re co bane thone
tai 30FIz.
Do vay mach do tin hieu ECG Analog thuang la mach
khm'ech dai
tan so rat
thap.
tu dgng hieu chinh diem zero, mach
Igc
thong thap, mach
Igc
thong cao va mach
Igc Notch. Duge gep noi vai may tinh de thu thap va
chi
thi cae tin hieu ECG. So do
ngu}en
Iv
cua mot mach do tin hieu ECG
duge
1116 la
diroi

day:
Nhirgc
diem chinh cua mach do tin hieu ECG
luong
tu la kho gia cone ( xu
li i
tin hieu tuang tu duge do do chat lugng tin hieu FCG analog khong cao.
1 in
IUCLI
ECCJ
khi duge thu nhan bai may tinh co the duge
xir
li so.
nhirne thier hi
cone kenh .
tieu
thu nane
luoue
Ion va
eia
thanh rat cao.
.1
^1
ONVK^'f"
.•iDv.f.l!.>.
1
vv •
«
I
•'

>
•
in;
.
^^:J
i'•'••'—-x!)
ha ;
, v
I
z-;^
Hinli
2.
So-
do
nguven
iv
macii
do
tin
ineii
EC
'(.i
Mach do tin hieu ECG gep noi vai
ma}'
tinh de thu thap so lieu
FCC.i
\a \u'
li
co
so do mach in

(PCB) duoc
chi ra trone
hinli ducu
da\-
:
//
ITnli
3:
So'
do
mach
do tin
iiicu
ECG
d)
Xi>
li
s6
tin hieu ECG
diFa
tren song con
Mot trong cac giai phap doi mai cong nghe, nang cao chat lugng tin hieu FCG.
thiet
bi
thu nho va gia thanh ha la : so hoa tin hieu ECG vd
xir
li tin hieu so ECG
dira
tren
EPGADSP.

Tin hieu ECG cung nhu cac tin hieu
}
sinh khac can phai giai
quvct
eac van de chu }eu sau:
Loai on
Khoi phue dang tin hieu ngu} en goc
Nhan dang tin hieu
(niu)
Da CO nhieu giai phap khac nhau de giai
quvel
cac van de nay. I rong khuon
kho cua de tai, chung toi
chi
dat van de xu li on cua tin hieu ECG. NhCrng nam gan
da\',
cung
\'ai sir phai
trien cua khoa hgc va cong
nehe.
cac ki thuat
xir li
tin
Incu
\
sinh (dien tam do. dien nao do ) da ap dung cac
kl
thuat bien dai nhu:
- Loai nhieu theo
ngiro'ng

sau khi thuc hien bien
doi
song con
rai
rac
(DVV'l
)
-
Sir
dung cac giai thuat cho
Igc
so nhu:
'fha}'
doi bac thuat toan LMS.
RLS ilico
huoiie thav eloi
kich thuoe
buoc
thich
nehi.
cr
-
•
'
KT
thuat loai nhieu thong qua
ngirong
sau khi thuc bien DWT ngay nav da
v
a

dang phat trien manh vi ki thuat na}" eo uu diem la do
phire
tap
\'ira phai
chap nhan
duoe. kha nane loai on cao.
\'c
nguvcn
tac.
me)t
tin hieu bat ki co the duge phan
lieh ihco
eac ham
-^OUL:
^K^W
va cac ham phan
giai
thco
bicu
thuc:
4h
=
Z«,„."
(*.„"<')
"XX'^', V^,.4')
Trong do :
a^
^.
la cac he so ham phan giai con
J^,,

la cac he so ham song
eeni
tai do
phan
giaiy.
tp^
„
va
y/^^^
la cac ham phan giai va ham song con tai do phan giai /.
Phep phan tich tin hieu theo cac ham song con la phep phan tich tin
hieu
dong
thai theo ca mien
tho'i
gian Ian mien tan so. Dieu nav cho phep
chLing
la dinh
\u
tin
hieu rat tot theo ca thai
gian-lan
so va do do vice loai nhieu va khoi
phue
tin
hieu elugc
thuc hien mot
each
kha de dang, chinh xac.
Nhieu

ciia
tin hieu ECG duge thuc hien loai bo bang
each:
^au Idu
bien
doi
song eon
ro'i
rac (DWT) tin hieu FCG da
duge
so boa de co etuoe cac he so
c/
chung ta thuc hien co/gian cae he so d
^^
dua theo
ngirang
da
dirge
xac dinh. (iia tri
eua
netrong
£'
duoc tinh loan khi xir li tin hieu ECG dua tren SNR \a
M
tri
c:ic
b:'tnL.
con khi phan tich tin hieu ECG. Chimg toi da
sir
dung giai phap

ngu'ong
thich
nehi
theo time bane con. Khi do:
i
are
rain
' a
I
^'-2X/U^.
Z
min"
E/
,
.t-
}\
k.\
J
Tin hieu ECG da duge loai on thu duge bang
each
bien doi nguac
^one con
ro-
rac
(IDWT)
cae he so d , . So do khoi cua he thong duge mo ta duoi da}:
Ph,iii tich
1^
fc
II<JII'>1U1

'^
(1
Khoi
piuh:
f->s
i-Tmh
4 So do
khoi
he
xir ii
tin
Ineii
ECG
De kiem tra giai thuat va he
thong,
chimg toi da
sir
dung ca
so'
dCr
lieu
tin hieu
ECG
hUT-BIEI
tai dia chi mang
http:/'vvww.phvsione-t.org.
va ciie
tin hieu
chune
toi

thu nhan duoe. Cac tin hieu
nav'
dtrge
iron \ai
cac nhieu phan bo Gausian. khong
uro'ng quan de xu
li.
so sanh
kiem
tra.
e) Mo phong thiet ke tren FPGA
ron
TM
e khuon kho
ciia
de tai nav.
chiine
toi su dune cone cu thiet ket
IPG.A
ia
TM
Xillinx
S\'Stem
Generator va MatLab phien ban R14. 2008. Cong
^u li-ng
13
FPGA da su dung la
Xillix'^^
ISE phien ban 8.0. System Generator tao eac khoi ham
mo phong FPGA theo

SIMULINK
cua MatLab va \ i the
viec
thiet ke la kha
tnuan Igi
va tin cay.
Ciic
ma VHDL duge tao ra tu dgng khi su dung
S\steni
Generator de
dich
cae tep
SIMULINK
(.mdl).
con Xillinx
ISE
to hgp de nap \ao kit
X'irtecTI
Pro XC2\'P30.
Bang I cho thay cae yeu cau cong chi tiet. Long so cong duge dimg la
hoii lOlJUk
cong. Tan so nhip FPGA toi da la
lOOMHz.
Gia thanh cua kit FPGA
nit
thap
(gia
Virtecdl
Pro
==

300 USD ). Mot mach dirge thiet ke de loai on duge
chi
ra trone hinh
4.
O-
Haa
-r
"JAC
^'
L-^
i^uo*
fiOM
li
r/,"
I
H
iTmli 5 \Licii chi liet
de
loai
on
dun
tren DWT
Ban\i /.
Yeu can
cono
EPGA cho thiet ke
much loai
on
So
Slice cho

[,ogic
So
Slice
cho
Flip-Flop
'
So
LIJTs du'O'c diing
;
So
BRAMs 1
S6 lOBs
422 ]
50^
!
225
4
36
Trong
so'
do thiet ke. chiing toi
sir dting
teVi 3 bo nho dem. trong khi bo
nh(V eteni
dau
ticn Uru
trCr cae mau
loi vao
de thuc
hien bien

doi DWT eua khoi
ihu'
in-
I)
dCr lieu
//
loi vao thi bg nha dem
thii
hai
chira
cac du lieu
ciia Idioi
thir n duge xu li. Bg nho dem
thir 3
chii'a
khoi
dir
lieu thu n loi ra da duge khoi phue nha bien doi
IDW
F.
kich
thtroe
cua bg nha dem thu nhat va thir ba co kich thuac
N=1024
chtra so mau tin
hicu FCd
ciia
mot khoi loi vao. Con bg nha dem thir hai co kich thuac
(K8)xN = 921 b (voi
do

phan
giai7^5)
chira ca
dir
lieu truac va sau
klii
xu li. Nho cua bo dem thu hai ma
phep
xu li thuc hien dong thai, chong lap theo
thai gian
do do
thai
gian tre do
xtr li
duge
giam xuong.
Neu thai gian bien doi DWT cho
1024
mau vai tan so mau
200H/
la khcvang
-
5.1
giav
thi he thone xir li trinli tu eo thai
t'ian
tre
khoane
(5.1
^5,1)

i-l
^ 1
1.2
eiav,
l)av
la thai gian tre
dii
Ian cho viee kiem tra tin hieu ECG cho benh nhan trong
ihai
gian
thi^rc.
Neu he xu li chong lap (song song) 4.1 giiiy thoi gian bien
doi
DW
F va IDW
I
thi
tho'i
gian tre giam xuong con khoang
-
2.6 giay. Khoang thai gian na}' du de
dieh
ehuyen chu ki nhip tin hieu ECG vao bg dem loi vao thir nhat
ha}
bg dem
loi
ra thir ba
va cho phep chi thi tren man hinh tin hieu ECG.
FPGA la he thong co kha nang tinh loan so hgc va giai tich
thiip.

nhirng
mgi he
thong
IT'GA
dua tren khoi xu li tin hieu so (DSP) se cho phep giai cac bai toan xtr
li
phue tap.
Fie ihong
DSP tuan tu sau
klioang
thoi gian 2.6 giay nhan dCr lieu
tai
bo dem
thir 2 eua FPGA de xu li, sau 100 miligia} tra lai ket qua va nang cap dCr lieu tai bg
dem thir hai nay va khoi dgng viec khoi phue tin hieu.
6.3.
Muc tieu
vii
Noi dung nghien
ciiu ciia
De tai
•
iVIuc
tieu nghien
ci'ni
^ Nghien
ciru tai
lieu,
thu thap. tim hieu bo sung them vc
FPGA

^
Fao ra san pham mau cong nghe Xilinx su
dicing
FPGA
• Noi dung nghien
euu
+
Nghien ciru ngon ngu thiet ke VHDL.
Lam
chii
ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA.
Xay dung cac mach bien
doi
song con loai on
6.4.
Dja
diem, thoi gian
vii
phuong phap nghien
ciiu
• De tai duge thuc hien tai khoa Dien tir - Vien
thong,
truang Dai hoc
Cone,
nehe
, DHQG Ha ngi trong
hai
nam 2006
•
2007

•
Phu'omg
phap nghien ciru :
• Nghien
eiru
phan mem thiet ke.' ISL: Foundation
8.0
cua hang Xilinx:
IS
•
Nghien ciru
ii'ng
dung xu ly thong
tin
(dien tu . xu ly so ) dua tren
cong nghe FPGA
Ky thuat sir dung:
o Su dung cong nghe ASIC (Chung loai linh kien EPGA) de thuc
hien
chue
nang xu ly. tao giao dien va dieu khien cho he thong.
I 'lec
diing linh kien
ASIC vao trong thiet ke nay
sH
co cac uu diem:
T-
Bao mat thiet ke cao.
•^
Dam bao tinh ke

thii'a.
o Kit FPGA Virtex
11
Pro XC2VP30 (Xillinx)
v
a DE2 (Altera)
o Phan mem : Xillix
' ISE
phien ban 8.0. va System Generator cua du an
SIS
6.5. Ket qua nghien
ciru
(gom cac phan)
San pham khoa hgc
• San pham cong nghe mem
sir
dung cong nghe Xilinx
• 01 bao cao dang tren tap chi Khoa bgc va Cong nghe Dai hoc Quoc
gia.
- San pham dao tao
• 1 luan an dai hgc cac van de lien quan
Hieu qua kinh te va kha nang ap dung thuc te :
• Cho eac do dac \a thu thap cae tin
hieu
} sinh.
• Cho eac thiet hi dien tu
ehuyen
dung
6.6 Thao luan
Ket qua thu

duge
trong khi thuc hien de tai da hoan thanh dirge
ciic ngi
dung co'
ban da dat ra khi dang ki de tai. Dac biet da dua ra mot ket qua moi la irng dung
thiei
ke mach loai on dua tren song con tren kit FPGA. Day la
ket
qua
Ian
dau tien duge
thu'c
hien thanh cong
tai
Vietnam
vii
tren the giai. Bao cao duge
innh bav
tren tap
chi
Khoa hgc va Cong
nghe
Dai hgc Quoc gia
2008
va se bao cao tai hoi
nghi
(^)uoe
te
vc
Xu h' thone tin

vii
Sensor trone nam
idi.
16
6.7 Ket luan va kien nghj
Tiep tue tim kiem cac giai phap cong nghe irng dung xu li thong tm. xtr
li
so
tin
hieu tren cac chung loai FPGA va
ASIC
trone truven thone
6.8 Tai lieu tham khao
[1] D. L.
Donoho,
"De-noising by soft-thresholding." IEEE
Tratis.
Inform. Thenrv.
vol.
41,
pp.
613-627,
1995.
[2] Ju-won Lee, Gun-ki Lee. Design of an Adaptive filter with a D}namic Structure
for ECG Signal
processing.
International
/ourfwil
of Control.
Automation,

and System.
Vol 3. No
l.p
137-142. March 2005.
(31
Li Su and Guohang Zhao
"
De-Noising of ECG Signal Using
Translation-
Invariant Wavelet De-Noising Method with Improved Thresholding
"
Proceedings of
the 2005
IEE2E
Engineering in Medicine and
Bi()log\-
2^th
Ininuil
('onfercncc
Shanghai^
China, September 1-4, 2005
[4]
G. Song and R. Zhao
'''Fhree
novel models of threshold
estimatiM-
i'ov
wavclcl
coefficients
"

2nd International Conference on
IVavelet
Anafvsr^
and
It.s
Api)tieati(m.\
Berlin:
Springer-Verlag.
2001. pp. 145-150.
|5|
C. M. Stem,
''
Estimation
o[
the mean
o{
a multivariate normal distribution
'.
Annals
of
Statistics
9.
1981,
1135-1151
[6|
Uwe
Meyer Baese,
"Digital
Signal Processing with
FPGA"

Springer
Verlug-
Betdin,
ISBN
3-540-41341-3,
2001
[7] Volnei A. Pedroni.
"^
Circuit Design With
\41DL " MEE
Press
Camhridf^e
.
Eneland. ISBN
0-262-16224-5.
2004
DAI HOC QUOC
G'A
^A
NOI
TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU ViEN
D
Mo^
Dai bao Uuyc dan'j irony Tup
du
hluxt hoc vu Cong ni^h<j . DtlOG
l!d
ngi
THIET
K£

TREN FPGA
OE
LOAI ON CHO
TJN
HIEU ECG
NHQ
BIEN DOI SONG CON
Design
of
FPGA Hardware
for ECG
signal De-noising
by Wavelet Transform
Nguyen Quoc
I
uiin.
rrfin Quiinti l):it
Truviig Dai
hoc
Cong nghe
-
Dai iiot
UUOL
gui ila nm
A/)stract:
I
he
elearocardiogram
(ECG)
signal

may
chenh lech
giu'a
2
dien
cu'c phia
lay
trai
\a
pliia
mix
various kinds
of
noi.ses wiule gatiiering
and
tav
phai
CO
l-3mV
va tan
^6
eua cae
ini hicu
recording Some
algontimis
based
on
^mvelel
^QQ
,^^,^^

^,-oj^,_,
\;^\^o-dng ^iLra
0.02Hz
cho
toi
transform
has
been devecloped
for
de-noising
of
i
CALI
nu-*
\
^
• •
i - f
^^•f
, , ,
^ J 5
/
IDOHZ.
Chat
luone
cua cac
sensor cam
nhan
tin
ECG signals

In
order
to
suppress
Pseuao-Gibhs
phenomena
m O and S
wares
and
design
of
Field
Programmable Gale Array (FPGA) hardware
for de
hieu
ECG tuy
thuoc
vao
bang thong
cua no.
C\ie
sensor
ECG
Iren ihi
truang
gia re co
bang thong
noising
ECG
signal,

in dns
paper,
a
new ECG de-
^O''
30Hz.
Con cac
sensor
ECG
chuven dung
cua
noising scheme
is propo^sed
using discrete
wavelei ^ac
phong
cap
cirii
CO
bang thong
loi I
KFl/.
Vo'i
transjorm
(DWT)
iias
been devecloped based
on
a
pho tan

SO
do va tin
hieu
ECCi
rat
veu nlur \a> ihi
model
nf
liie
active auditory
system
besides
by no rat de bi can
nhieu
bai cac on
khac,
do vay
optimizing
the OH i
parameters parallel
to
modifying triet
on mot
each
hieu
qua la van de
quan trong
die
new
tivesold

value,
one can
handle
ECG de-
trong viec phan
lach
tin
hieu
ECG.
noising
with
results comparing
to
those
oj
wavelet
tramjorm.
h-elunUwy
le.sis
of DWT
applicalion W
y^^
^^^-^.^^ ^^,^^
^Q
^^,,^
„,-
^,
(^^,.^,.^,
^,^,^,
ECG

de-noising
were constructed
on the
signals
Mil-
t
-
.•
r
•
j
•
n
•
/^^w•
• r
r,,,,
,
, plian
tach
cac
danu
soni^
P.
soim ORS
\a
soivj.
1
BiH
database

.
; , "," ",
• ,
- ",
CO
dien truoc
day
thu'O'ng
sa
dung
cac ho
loc
^. ' ^y , -,
-
-,.' /r-z-AM
•
,1 -
k-
.
•
taane
ta
bant^
cao, bo loc
banu
thap
va bo loc
lorn
tat:
im iiieu ciien

tam do
(TCCi)
co
t/ie
bi
trou
^
.
, &
• -
- r

I6n
vol
lal
niueu
loai
On
idii
do va tim
thap
du
lieu ^'^^^'^ •• ^^^'^ ^'^^^P '^^' ^"- ^^' '' "'" '^'^''^ ^''^ ''"^"'^
\l{u
vai
giai ihiidi diai
tren iven
doi
song
con

c1a c1m/c
•"'^''i'
*^kroc
de
\ual btri Bernai-J VV \L\\O\\
\
a
pilot
irieu
de
loai
on eac tin
hieu
ECG
Nham
de
loai
Samuel
D.
Stearns
da daa
Ihih vuc
\u \\
lin hieu
bo
iuen
tuong PseudO'Gibbs
vai cae
dang song
O. S y

sinh sang
hu'ang
moi. Ban dau
\\'idrov\
tap
khi bien
dot
song
con roi rac (DWT) va
thiet
ke
mach trung
vao
viec
loc cac
nhieu
50M/
-
601
i/
tuong
tren
day
cong
idia
lap
trinh
I
FPGA)
de

loai
on tin
hieu
u'ng
vai
tan
s6 ngu6n
dien
lirai
thanh
pho va dat
ECG. trong
bat bao nay. mot
kieu loai
du
kiidc dupe
j-a
cac
tieu
chi
chinh
cho
.xa
li lin
hieu
v
sinh
la:
dua
ro

dua
tren
DWT
theo
mo
iunh
cua he
thong
,^^
^j^j|^,_
,^^,^
j^,^^
^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^,.,,^, ^.^
'j^,^
^,^^.^,^
Cac lieu
chi
nav'
la
ve^
cung quan trong
cho cae
bac
sT
tron^
chuan doan
lam
san^i
va cho cac he
ihinh gic'ic

Cac
tluuu
so
DW'T
duoc thay
doi de
loi iru
hod
gia tri
ngirong
va ket qua
loai
on
duoc
so
scinii
giua
cac
phep bien
dot
son-e,
con Cac
dfr iieii iiu hieu
"EGG
suduugde kiem tra ung dung DWT loai 6n
duo.
^^^^^'^^ ^r
dong chuan doan benh
.au
nay.

Nhung
lai lu CO
.s"
ilulieu \iiT-Blil '^^'"'"' ^'^^1
day.
cung
voi
sa
phat tnen
cua
khoa
hoe
va cong nghe,
cac
\C\
thuat
\a
li
tin
hicu \ iinii
I.
GIO'I
THIEU (dien
tam do.
dien
nao do .,) da ap
dung
cae ki
thuat hien
dai

nha:
Tin hieu dien
lam lam
do
(ECG) la mot
Irong
- Loat
nhieu theo ngaang
sau khi
thuc hien
cac
tin
hieu
y
sinh
da
diroc
nghien
cii'u
rong
rai
bien
doi
song
con roi rac
([)\V1
)
va
img
dung

Imng
cac
phong
kham.
Mot
dang
_
^^,,
^j^,,^^
^^^ ,,.^,
j,^^,^,
^j^^^
|,,^ ^^, ,,,^^,. ; ;.^^,._
souii
ECG
thone
thaane thiriTne
la
sir X6
hop cua
+-
u- ,i % .
-
^ i s
i^'
ui ^ ,i i ,i
'
^ t ^ =r
. .
K

^-|Q,
]Q.^^
thuat toan
tAlS.
KL.S tlieo haotu
ihia*-
soiiii
F.
^-one^
QRS
va
soim
I
(Fiinh
I). Sa
phan
,-•,',,".,-,.,
.
,^
, , ,
^
. . ,
^
.
. ,, :
do!
kich
tluroc
biroc
thich

neiii,
tach chmh
xac cac
dang song
nav la rat
quan
trong
khi
phan tich
tin
hieu
ECG. Tuy
nhien
do
' >Jh^n
dang
tm
lucu mu de
tach
tin hicu
tin hieu
ECG la rat yeu va
khong
ro
rang, dien
ap
FECG

"
1—1

p
1
R
1
P-S
1
S-
v,\
^
^1
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p-t
-
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1
Trn
u
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c^-«'-;•
J
'
U
i-iinli
I
Cac
lliain
so
cinnii
cua tin
hieu
dien
in
nam
1999
|2| va
dagc
ap dung cho
loai
on cae
uii
hieu
ECG
13.

SI
Tin hieu ECG chaa on ngau
niaen khe^ng
taong quan vd'i do dai
hfru
han
^o the ^!uoe
bic.;
dien
s{i)
=
x{[)
+
n{t) (1)
trong do xft) la lin hieu ECG nguven goc khong
CO nhieu.
nft)
la on trang Gassian co trung binh
zero va
plurong
sai
a^.
Cac he so song con tai cac dp phan giai khac
nhau CO the nhan
dux^c
bang
each
lay DWT cua
tin
hieu ECG c6 on. Tin hieu ECG

diri^c bien
doi
sonu
con roi rac
{'DWT)
tro
thanh:
KI thuat loai nhieu thong qua ngaong sau khi
thuc hien DWT
nga\
na\ da va dang phat trien
manli
vi
kl
thuat
na\
co
iru
diem la do
phac
tap
vira
phai chap nhan duoc. kha nang
triel
on cao.
Tu>
nhien \iec lua chon giai thuat cho viec loai
nhieu tin hieu ECG va chon cong nghe
irng
dung

cho he thong phan
cii'ng sir
dung song con do rat
da dang.
Flon nua
phuong phap loai bo on thong
qua ngirong sau khi thuc hien bien doi song con
kinh dien
ga\
i-a
hien
tirgng
Pseudo-Gibbs tai
dang song
Q
va S cua tin hieu ECG do DWT.
Nham de giam
hien
tao'ng Pseudo-Gibbs tai dang
song
(,)
\a
S. thi
vice
lua chon giai thuat ngaang
thich nghi theo
tirng
bang con dagc dat ra trong
bai bao nay. Cac ket qua thuc nghiem da chi ra
rang,

phirong
phap \6'i giai thuat trong bai bao
nay tot han
phaong
phap kinh dicn tren dav ma
van
giu"
duoc cac dac tinh hinh hgc cua tin hieu
ECG va
t>
so tin hieu tren on (SNR) dirge ap
dung
tren
cac he thong
diia
tren FPGA ket hgp
DSP.
II.
LOG
NHIEL SL
DUNG DWT
Bien doi song con da dagc
irng
dung rat rong
rai trong viec
xir
li lin hieu va hinh anh. Hien
na\
CO
hai

phiro'ng
phap chinh loai on nha phep bien
66]
song con cho cac tin hieu ECG: a) phirang
phap toi da
modul
bien
dbi
song con. Tai
phiriTng
phap
iia>,
CO the
loai bo on \a
liru
lai thong tin
cua tm hicu goc tai cung thai
dieiTi,
nhirng so
lugng
lin
toan Ion va khong on
dinli
111.
b)
phirong phap song con ngirang loai on sau khi
bien
doi
sons con
dirac

de xuat bai Donoho vao
sit)
Yd
(n
1
y
Yd
(/)
i
)
vai
d^
^^
ia cac he so
^ong
con
tai
do phan
giai
/.
0^ „
va
(//,,,
la cac ham phan giai \a ham song
con tai do phan giai /.
Phiro'ng
phap
ngirfyng
loai on sau
kin bien

doi song con roi rac
(DW'l^)
la
plian
chia cac
he
so song con vai mot ngaang
dirge
chgn on dinh.
Thong
thubng,
cac
he
so song con
na>
eb
bien
Co
nho hon ngirang on
duge
dat lai bang zero va cac
he so song con khac co he so Ion ho'n
nguon^i
on
se
duge
giCr nguven (ggi la ngirong cung) hoac
Li
CO lai
chiit

it (ngirong mem). Tin
hieu FX'G ioai
bo on CO the dagc khoi phue
tir
cac he so
s('>ng
con nho
bien
doi
IDW'T
nha
chi
ra
uom: hinh.
2.
Ph.tn ti.;li
M.JII.MI.J
y\\"\
i-i.M.
H'lnii
2
Ix)a!
bo on
dira
ircn
/ven
doi
u'ur^
coi
Phiro'ng phap loai on cac tin hieu

FCCJ
tlira
tren bien
de^i seing
con don
gian '.a
de
^king su
dung. The nhang
phao'ng
phap
na\
sir dunLi
ngirang cirng co the dan den
sir
giao
dgiig
eua
cac
tin
hieu khi
khoi
phue. con ngirang
n"iem
co
the lam
MIV
giam
tin
hieu

FT'CJ (
LKW
biei
su\
giam bien do song R).
Heyn nira
nguai ta tin
rang,
phirong thuc song con
Igai
bo on kinh
dien dira
tren
DW 1 ceS
the dan
toi hien
lugng
PSCULIO-
Gibbs tai cac song
Q
va R
khi khoi pin.ic tin hicu
ECG
|4|.
Phuang phap ngaang cung loai on dagc su
dung \5\ sao cho
^d
.
kiii\d
> £

(3)
M , n
~
^ ,
l^hl
t/
, „
>
C
•I
0
khi \j
,.i
<c
d .
+ €
kin
(I •'
-
f.
(^)
I
0
khi'\^
d^\
<
£
V6"i
t-=
-^'•'2a'log A

.
A'
la so man tin hieu
ECG trong mot khoi bien doi DWT,
a~
la
phuong sai doi
vdi
on trang phan bo Gauss. De
dan gian [6| xac dinh
a
=
{medial^d^
^\))/0.6145.
Phiro'ng phap ngirong mem loai bo on
dagc sa dung
|S|
:
d
Viec
lira
chgn ngirong
^: thieii
nghi
du:i i ."^)
phai CO
gia tri cao ho'n gia tri
.v
-
cr ^,'2

log A
sao cho s(t) phai gan vai A'(/). lien quan
voi
do
sai lech
giira
s(t) voi
s[t).
cong suat on
^ua lin
hieu. Do sai lech nay phai co loi binh phiro'ng
trunu
binh nho.
diroc
xac dinh :
I
'*
roiiu
do
cl
-
£,)
khi\d^,\
>
£\
khi\ d \ <
£
(4)
lim
d.

^ dirge
coi la cac he
R{s.'s)=T±E{s.
l\
.
-
I
(6}
so song con khi bien doi DWT cua tin hieu
xO)
ECG goc khong co nhieu. Con
t'
la ngaong
dagc dat truac tai do phan giai / sao cho
£^
= a72Iog;V/(log /
-i-
1),
y9
>
1
. Ta co the
tha>
rang.
tu\
theo gia
tri
cua /J duoc
lua
chgn

ma piurong phap ngaong mem co the dagc coi
nhu
la phuo'ng phap nguong cirng. De
d^
^^ ^
d,
„
thi do
leVn
cua
d ^,
cang
Ian
dong vai
iro qu\et
dinh va nhu
va>
no phan nao cung phu
thugc vao viec
lira
chgn loai song con
duge sir
dung cho ham song con
(//
.,.
Tin hieu
,s'(/) duoc
khoi
phue
tir

^/,^,
va
a^
,^
nho bien doi ngugc song con reVi rac
(IDWF)vaihv
vgng
s{t)—>x[t).
Do phep bien doi song con la
trirc
giao do do
bieu thuc (6) co the
duge
bieu dien dueVi dang cae
he so song con theo phien ban song con:
P(s^s) X
Y.Y[d
(7)
Chung ta
sir
dung nguven
Iv
Stein
1"!
trong
bai
bao nay de tinh gia
tri
ngirang
t:,

thoa man gia
tri toi
thieii
cua bieu
thirc (8)
T'rong do
\ \ 1 khi \
d
Id '.<£ h
0
Idiild
CO
nX/1//
(9)
<
t'
chinh la so eac he
so
SOIIL^
con bi loai bo.
ITmh
2 cho ta cau true bg
Ige
on
thich nehi theo
taim banii
eon dua tren [)\\ I
Do on va cac anh huong khac ma cac he so
song con
(:/,„bi

anh haang khac nhau tuy theo
loai song con va tai do phan giaiy cua no. Trong
bai hao
nav. chung ta do\ bieu
ihire (4i
ngu'ong
mem
ihanh
bieu thirc ngirong mem thich nghi cac
banu
con;
->
I
,-r->
4->i
-)—>^
J-u l.
i zht
-
^Ic'C^^,,-
y
>
////;/; J ' 'cm
iru^
hn
/ou.'
w
are mm
a
N-2j:i\j,

<
£
X
mm
'•',.^
•
k
= \
(8)
/idi
txio
dtwc
dang
irung
Tup
ctii
Klioa
Itoc
va Cong
n'^'fie
,
f)HOG
Uu noi
I*^hi
clo
: vao
thir
nhat
ha>
bg dem ibi ra tha ba va eho

d
= Yg(i-2n)d
ii) phep
chi
thi tren man hinh
tin
hieu ECG.
(10)
^
-I"
- 'Y^h(i
-2n)d (/) 3.2. Co che
tinh toi'in nguo'ng
thich
ri^hi
Bieu
ihu'c
(8) khi khai trien
chicm
rat
III.
KIEN
TRUC
THIET KE FPGA nhieu dung
lug-ng
cong (gate) va thai gian xa
li
kha
Idn
do he thong lien

tue
phai tinh
(8i
\i\
xir
li
Cac
lep
chira 1000 mau
tin
hieu dien tam
d6
trong thai gian thuc, FPG.A la he thong co kha
(ECG) thu nhan tu benh nhan
duge \ky
ta tap ca
"^"g ^it^h
loan so hgc va giai tich thap. nhirng
so da lieu co dja
chi
mang Internet
'"^igt
he thong FPGA
dira
tren khoi \u
\\ tin hieu
http:
'vvvvvv.phvsionet.ore.
Cac tin hieu ECG yeu
so

(DSP) se cho phep
giai
cac
bai
toan \u
!i
phue
cAii pht\n
cang:
^s^P-
Be
thong DSP tuan
tu ban
khoang thoi gian
• Tan
s6
lay mau tin hieu : 200Hz
2.6
giay nhan
dir
lieu tai bg dem tha 2 eua
1 PGA
. Kich thuoc bo dem l6i thieu :
N=
1024
^^
^u'
''^ ^au
100 miligiay tra lai ket qua va nang
cap du lieu tai bg dem

thu hai
nay va
khoi dgni
viec khoi
phue
lin hieu.
• Do loc
lapsong
con: I
=
8
3.1.
Bo
nho
dem
Gia tri cua cac bien trong (8) thong
thirdng sir
De thuc hien
duge
xu li vao ra thai gian
thyc
dung
d^u
ph^y
dgng
vi
cac phep
bi^n doi DWT
thi phan
cimg

phai xa li lien
tue
cac chuoi mau
^,^ ^^
y, y,,^
i^j ,,
^l,
^\^,.,
t.^n
sono
con eo do chinh
vao va
la.
I uy nhien, day mau da
lieu tin hieu ^^^ ^-^ ^.^^,
j-
^,^,^^ ,^.^^,
^i,^,^
^,.^;;, ^,.^^ ^^.,^ ,^^ ^^
ECG
lien tue
phai duoc phan tach thanh
tii'ne
. •
•
,
,
-
-i - i
-

^
i-
,, -
C
',-,.*-
song con co
loi 14
con so sau dau phav).
1 uv
khoi.
duoc
lu'ii
Lziu'
tron^:
bo
nho'
dem.
,
. , • • • , ,
•
, ,
'
" • •
nhien phep
loai
on dua tren song con
lai
khong
Chung ta sa dung
tai 3

bg nha dem. trong can doi hoi do chinh \ae
nhir
vav. va
lai gia iii
khi bg nha dem dau tien
laa
tru'
cac mau loi vao cac bien he thong FPGA khi sa dung dau phav
de thirc hien bien doi DWT cua khoi
thir {n^}) tinh
se do'n gian hon
nhitiu
trong bai bao nav
IV
A^IO
PHONG THIET KE
FI*(;A
diT
lieu loi vao thi bg nha dem
Ihi'r
hai chua cac
du lieu cua khoi
ihi'r
n dagc
xi'r
If.
Bg nha dem
tha
3 clnVa
khoi da lieu thu n loi ra da

dirge
khoi
phue
nho
bien
dbi 1DW''1
. Kich thuoc cua bo nha
dem tha nhat va
ihi'r
ba co kich
Ihaac N=1024 ^''^ong bai
bao nav, chung
toi
sa dung cong
chua so mau lin hieu ECG cua mot
khbi 15i
vao.
cu
thiet ket FPGA la
Xillinx'"
Svstem
Cjeneraior
Con bg nhd dem tha hai c6 kich
thiroc
(
K8)xN =
va MatLab
^'
phien ban
RI4.

2008,
COIIL!
CU lone
9216 (veil do phan
giaiy^^cV) chira
ca du' lieu truac hgp FPG.A da sa dung la
Xiiltx''^'
ISL phicn
bar.
va
sau khi
xir
li.
Nha
cua bg dem
thir
hai
ma
phep 8.0. System Generator tao cac
khoi
ham mb
xu ii
Ihu'c
hien
ddng
thai,
chdng Idp
theo thai
phone
FPGA theo SIMULINK cua MatLab va

vi
gian
do do thai gian tre do xa li dirge giam the
viec
thiet
ke
la kha
thiian loi
va tm
eav.
\ii6ng,
VI
du neu thai
gian bien deSi
DWT eho 1024 Cac ma VHDL dagc tao ra ta
dbiig
khi MI
mau
VOI
tan so mau
2001 Iz
la khoang

5,1 giav dung
Sv^icin Generator
de
dich cau Lep
thi he thong xa li trinh
tir
co thai gian tre khoang

SIMLLINK (.null),
con
Xlllin,\
ISE to hop de
(5.1+5.1)^1^
1
1.2
gia>'.
Day la thai gian tre du nap \ao kit
Virtec-li
Pro
XC2VP3[',
IkiiiL:
1 cho
Ion
cho viec kiem tra tin hieu ECG cho benh
^hav
cac veu
e:\u
con^i ehi
liel.
lonu
M^
.J-r.::
nhantrongthoi
gian
thirc.
Nea he.xuli
chong lap
^^,.^.^

^j^„^^,
,.^ |^^,,,^
i,;,,,,,^
^ ^,^, , ,-;^ ^^,
,^|^A^^
(song sonii)
4.1
Liiav
thai gian bien dbi DWT va
cnr-
\
D-
i i • i
n/l^
u j /-•••.! i i •.
^ * ^' ^ ' . ^
- FPGA tO! da la
lOO.MFIz,
Gia thanli
eua
kit
IDWl
thi
thai man
tre
mam
xuon"
con
khoans -
2.6

giav,
Khoang thoi gian nay du de dich
chuven chu ki
nhip
tin
liieu
ECG vao bg dem
Ibi
FPGA rat thap
(gia Virlce-11
PIT,
y^i^
I si) i
Mot mach dagc
tliict
kc de loai on dirge
ehi la
lron2 hinh 4,
Bang
1:
Yeu cau cong FPGA cho thiet ke mach loai
6n
trung xung quanh
\Ling
tan so thap ta 2Hz to
40Hz .
1 So Slice cho Logic
' So Slice cho Flip-Flop
'
So

LLJTs du'P'C
dung
;
So BRAMs
So
lOBs
422
507
225
4
36
Tin
liien
ECG
co nhieu 112.fl>it
lOOJ
•^V^^*vJM.V^Hf^^W>>"^'-ft^,^//'.^^H^
Cl
ICO
200 300 400 iOO
-CO
7u0
;C'0 'K'O
I
COO
0 100 200 300 400 500
DOO
700 tfOO
'H'll'
1000

0
., _ /, _ ,.,
0
100
;00
300
-too
^OO
I^DO
70I"J
K'b
JOC
luCO
50
'i.
0
[^,%t *
iljr,'iV v ,.K
•50
r.jV ,.;,|.,'.V-'i/Arj'.'-,'' V '
>-'
.^V-i^
C too :00
300
-WD too
t.OO 700
>;[iO
'}00 UiOfi
20
^-)w*^-^'<te')^4^j|iHirl^#^^i^

0 lOQ iOO :oo 400
500
600 roo fi'O
-KIO
am
,^i^ytimw\im^iii\^^\M
f/i///?
-/
Mach
ciii
net de
loai
on
dun iren DW'T
ITien
co nhieu loai s6ng con dagc biel den nha
Haar.
Me\er,
Daubechies Khong co mot each
nao tot nhat de lua chgn song con nay cho
irng
dung kia. Chung toi thav' rang,
lira
chgn mot ham
song con
phii
hap
vdi
dang tin hieu duoc \u li la
rat quan trgng.

Chung toi da tai ve 30 tep du" lieu tin hieu
ECG khac nhau tir dia chi mang internet
http:.
vvvvvv.phvsioiiet.or^
de tinh toan va thu
nghiem giai thuat. Khi thuc hien tinh loan mo
phong. chung toi da
sir
dung cac ham song con
khac nhau
nhir:
song con Daubechies (bac tir 2
eho
to'i
20), song con Meyer (bac tir 1.3 cho toi
3.9) va kiem tra boat dgng caa mach. Chung loi
nhan
tliay
rang: cimg
loai
song con
duge
chgn.
vai ham song con co bac cao hon thi
hieu
qua
loai on so tot
ho'n,
nhirng do phirc tap se tang
Ien

dang ke. Cac song con Daubechies c6 dang gan
giong
nhat vai dang song QRS cua tin hieu ECG.
Pho nang
lirgng
cua song con Daubechies tap
0
100
200
30D 400 500
600
700
iOO
^\!i'
IUL'O
Hinii
5(a) Tin
hieu TCCi
co on vd
cc'ic lie
K6
ham
snny t
on
Hinh 5(a) bieu dien tin hieu
KCG elu'ra
on \a
cac he so song con Daubechies (d4) tai cac do
phan giai taong irng va hinh
5(b)

cho ket qua
dang tin hieu ECG da dagc
loai
on tren co
so
eac
he so song con da dagc nang
cap.
Tilt hien
E^,
••:< if
li
IMJII-
ii«i ii-ai n
0
IOC
200
JOU
•KiO
500
600 700
-^iv
'luO
li.i'Lr
'•'',!!/
^Vir
0
100
200 300
400

JGO OuO 7uu
ii
1
JUIJ IIULI
^—J^
TVr
-/
100 200
300
44Ju
500
600
7D0
rOO JuO loOO
i
1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1
1
'
( 1 1
1 1 [
\
0
100
200
300
4O0
500
60
Q
700

oo
goo
1000
1
c
r
1000
'J
00
100 100
:oi.
1
4L'0
'00
-UJ
—,,
7J:.
:UO
iuf
••v ^.^^ ,|v^^
i'lv
•!
0
100
2L'J
300
-iCiO
^iO
"'00
'OC

500
JOO
IOO.
iiinii 5(hi
('uL
he
so
ham
^tn}-^
o-n
du
dimi nong >
n/:
va
lin
hieu
ECC da
luui on
On Gaussian
vdi
cac do lech chuan khac nhau da
dagc cgng them vao tin hieu ECG goc de kiem
Ira
hieu nang SNR loai on va dagc xac dinh:
SXR(dB)
=
20
log
Origin
Ecg

Origin Ecg - Noise Ecg
(11)
Ro rang rang, tir hinh 5(a) so vdi hinh 5(b),
hieu nang nguong mem thich nghi theo tirng
bang con cua mo hinh dua ra trong bai bao nay la
rat tot. Bang 2 cho ket qua loai on tin hieu ECG
tep
112.dat
theo cac bac khac nhau cua song con
Daubechies
Bang
2 K4t
qua loai
6n
:
Bac
4
SRN,n(dB)
10 0
12,0
14 0
16,0
18,0
20 0
SRNou,(dB)
16.2
18.5
20 6
22 1
24,0

25.4
Bac 8
SRN,n(dB)
10,0
12.0
14,0
16,0
18.0
20,0
SRNoui(dB)
16,6
18,7
20,8
22.7
24.3
25.5
V. KET LUAN
Trong bai bao nay, chiing toi gidi thieu mot
thiet ke FPGA de thuc hien loai on daa tren
DW'T' theo giai thuat ngudng on thich nghi tirng
bang con. gia thanh ha. Tin hieu loai nhieu thu
dagc dam bao dang cua tin hieu ECG goc, theo
thai gian thirc. Thiet ke FPGA ket hgp
ciing
giai
phap DSP cho phep xa
K
bai toan phirc tap hon.
cho ket qua co do tin cay cao, lam viec trong thai
gian thuc.

Loai
on daa tren DWT vdi giai phap xu li
tin
hieu
mien tan so se la mo hinh co he so song
con phi tuyen dgng
tii'ng
bang con se cho hieu
nane SNR cao
ho'n.
TAI
LI El THAiM KHAO
111
Ju-won Lee, Gun-ki Lee,
dJesign
of an
Adaptive flier with
a
Dynaiuu-
SirutiurL fcr
ECG
Signal processing'. International
ioiirna!
of
Control, Automation, and Svstem. Vol 3. No 1. p
137-142, March 2005.
|2|
D. L. Donoho. "De-noising
bv
^oti-

thresholding." IEEE Trans
inform
Theory vol.
41,
pp. 613-627,
1995.
|3|
P. M. Agante and
.1.
P. Marques de Sa',
""LCG
noise tillering using wavelets with soft-
thresholding
methods."
Coniputers
in
Cardiolog}:
vol. 26. pp.
523-538.
1999.
|4|
R.
R. CoiFman and D. L. Donoho.
"Translation-in
variant
de-noi
sing."
In Wavclas
and Statistics,
Springer Led tire

.\-ote\
///
Statistics
103.
New
\'ork:
Springct-Vcrlag.
i^^94.
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D.Vl
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Ha ngi, thang 05 nam 2008
Sinh \ien