LÀNG NGHỀ KHẢM TRAI CHUYÊN MỸ (PHÚ XUYÊN- HÀ TÂY) VÀ VẤN ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN BỀN VỮNG LÀNG NGHỀ

Đại học quốc gia Hà nội
Viện việt nam học và khoa học phát triển





Nguyễn Dương Liễu







LÀNG NGHỀ KHẢM TRAI CHUYÊN MỸ (PHÚ XUYÊN- HÀ
TÂY) VÀ VẤN ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN BỀN VỮNG LÀNG NGHỀ





Luận văn thạc sĩ

Hà nội - 2009
Đại học quốc gia Hà nội
Viện việt nam học và khoa học phát triển






Nguyễn Dương Liễu





LÀNG NGHỀ KHẢM TRAI CHUYÊN MỸ (PHÚ XUYÊN- HÀ
TÂY) VÀ VẤN ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN BỀN VỮNG LÀNG NGHỀ


Chuyên ngành: Việt Nam học
Mã số: 60 31 60

Luận văn thạc sĩ






Người hướng dẫn khoa học:

PGS.TS VŨ VĂN QUÂN




Hà nội - 2009

i
Mục lục
Mở đầu 1
1. Lý do chọn đề tài 1
2. Lịch sử nghiên cứu vấn đề 3
3. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu 4
4. Đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu 4
5. Phương pháp nghiên cứu và cơ sở tài liệu 5
5.1.1. Phương pháp điều tra bằng bảng hỏi. 5
5.1.2. Phương pháp phỏng vấn sâu và thảo luận nhóm. 5
5.1.3 Phương pháp liên ngành 6
5.1.4. Phương pháp tổng hợp, phân tích, thống kê 6
6. Đóng góp của đề tài 6

7. Cấu trúc của luận văn 7
Chương 1. Vài nét về làng nghề khảm trai chuyên mỹ 8
1.1. Vài nét về làng nghề Việt Nam và vùng Hà Tây cũ 8
1.1.1 Khái niệm làng nghề 8
1.1.2. Vài nét về làng nghề Việt Nam 10
1.1.3. Vài nét về làng nghề vùng Hà Tây (cũ) 11
1.2. Vị trí địa lý, điều kiện tự nhiên 12
1.2.1. Vị trí địa lý 12
1.2.2. Địa hình, đất đai 13
1.2.3. Sông ngòi 13
1.2.4. Khí hậu 14
1.3. Cơ cấu hành chính và dân cư 15
1.3.1. Cơ cấu hành chính 15
1.3.2. Dân cư 15
1.4. Lịch sử hình thành làng Chuyên Mỹ 16
1.4.1. Quá trình lịch sử và cư dân 16
1.4.2. Quá trình hình thành làng nghề khảm trai Chuyên Mỹ 18
1.5 Tiểu kết chương 1 24
Chương 2. Thực trạng phát triển nghề khảm trai Chuyên Mỹ 25
2.1. Quy mô sản xuất 25
2.1.1. Thiết bị 26
2.1.2. Nguyên liệu 28

ii
2.1.3. Quy trình 31
2.2. Hình thức tổ chức sản xuất 36
2.2.1. Hợp tác xã 36
2.2.2. Công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn 37
2.2.3. Hộ gia đình 38
2.3. Sản phẩm và tiêu thụ sản phẩm 39

2.3.1. Các loại sản phẩm 39
2.3.2. Tiêu thụ sản phẩm 41
2.4. Lao động 43
2.4.1. Số lượng lao động 44
2.4.2. Chất lượng lao động 45
2.4.3. Dạy nghề và đào tạo nghề 46
2.5 Tiểu kết chương 2 47
Chương 3. Tác động của nghề khảm trai đến đời sống và vấn đề phát triển bền vững
làng nghề 49
3.1. Tác động của nghề khảm trai đến đời sống cư dân Chuyên Mỹ 49
3.1.1. Tác động đến đời sống kinh tế 49
3.1.2. Tác động đến đời sống văn hóa - xã hội 68
3.2. Vấn đề phát triển bền vững làng nghề khảm trai Chuyên Mỹ 76
3.2.1. Hiện trạng môi trường làng nghề 76
3.2.2. Phương pháp khắc phục khó khăn để hướng tới phát triển bền vững làng nghề 79
3.3 Tiểu kết chương 3 84
Kết luận 86
Tài liệu tham khảo 89


iii
Danh mục hình
Hình 3.1: Thu nhập của các ngành kinh tế ở Chuyên Mỹ (2000 - 2008) 52
Hình 3.2.   53
- 2008) 54
Hình 3.4. C - 2008) 55
ngành - 2008) 56
Hình 3.6. C  59
Hình 3.7.  -  62
Danh mục bảng

Bảng 2.1. Quy trình các khâu của nghề khảm trai 35
 50
D nhau  52
 64
n mài  66
 66
 71
   71
Danh mục bản đồ

Nam11b
 .12b
.51b
Danh mục chữ viết tắt
TTCN: Tiu th công nghip
HTX: Hp tác xã
TNHH: Trách nhim hu hn
1
Mở đầu
1. Lý do chọn đề tài
 V ,   là 
có
ngày nay
  
 
 , nông thôn.

 



        


                
 

, , àng quê. Tuy 

, 
,  
  

có 
kin





 


2


nghi


 


  và có
 cao giúp chúng g phát



             
- - 
 Theo 









 - 



- 

mai sau.
- 
, 


3
2. Lịch sử nghiên cứu vấn đề

 
 , 







 [21, tr. 12].  

 




Làng nghề thủ công truyền thống Việt Nam , Làng nghề -
Phố nghề Thăng Long Hà Nội Làng nghề
Việt Nam và môi trường , Những bàn tay tài hoa của cha ông
, Hà Tây - Làng nghề, làng văn 
Phong Châu            
   





Nghề khảm trai ở làng Chuyên Mỹ, xã Chuyên
Mỹ, huyện Phú Xuyên, tỉnh Hà Tây 
khóa 


  
- 

4
              
ch 


  - 
   
                

3. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu
   

 
 .
  
Thứ nhất: 
 .
Thứ hai: 

Thứ ba:   - 
-  
Thứ tư: 
              




4. Đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu

nó  - 
Hà Tây 




5


k

 .
au kh


  
5. Phương pháp nghiên cứu và cơ sở tài liệu
5.1. Phương pháp nghiên cứu

           


liên ngành 
5.1.1. Phương pháp điều tra bằng bảng hỏi.
 




thôn 

5.1.2. Phương pháp phỏng vấn sâu và thảo luận nhóm.



n


    


6
5.1.3 Phương pháp liên ngành
   - 



- 




5.1.4. Phương pháp tổng hợp, phân tích, thống kê
 
 thông tin

- 
- 
           


5.2. Cơ sở tài liệu
 
-  
-    

- 
 
hai là chính.
6. Đóng góp của đề tài
- 



7
-  
làng 
- kinh

- 

7. Cấu trúc của luận văn
Nvà K :
- 
- 
- 


8
Chương 1

Vài nét về làng nghề khảm trai chuyên mỹ
1.1. Vài nét về làng nghề Việt Nam và vùng Hà Tây cũ
1.1.1 Khái niệm làng nghề
 116/2006/TT-BNN,  18/12/2006 


















 66/2006/-

 7/7/2006 







 
:
a) Nghề truyền thống 

 
b) Làng nghề 

.
c) Làng nghề truyền thống         





, 







:
-  

-  

- 
-quy  

 




- 

- - 

-    - 
    

9


- 
- 
-  tên làng.


 116  , khi
 , 












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
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
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
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
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
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



 
 116, 

  . Tuy





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



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  


inh là 35%). Theo






 116  1492/1999/-




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
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


 . 








 [86, tr. 31].


- C
- Có no, 

- 
-  
ó ki
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
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
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
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

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
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
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 trên 95% 
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

 , 

 

10
( 2000 ) 

72.6% 


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, n
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
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

 , .
1.1.2. Vài nét về làng nghề Việt Nam

1.1.2.1. Số lượng
 ông

[13, tr. 3-9]

 [88, tr. 117].
1.1.2.2. Phân bố
  
 
cao vùng khác, có các trung



() 
 [87, tr. 16]
- 


Trung BNam


1.1.2.3. Mức độ phát triển




   
  



11
  

t tr,



ngày càn              
 
 - 
1.1.3. Vài nét về làng nghề vùng Hà Tây (cũ)
Hà Tây  


-tHà Tây
() có 1.46
[14, tr. 15]
 Hà Tây  

 [10, tr. 84]    



 
Q  Hà Tây 

   (c
 -  


1.1.3.1. Số lượng và loại nghề

t may-     -  
- - 


12
 
. [33, tr. 127]
1.1.3.2. Thu nhập


 - 
               

- 
-
-





- 


1.2. Vị trí địa lý, điều kiện tự nhiên
1.2.1. Vị trí địa lý
             




            
g Kim

 
 sông     
 - K -  - 
- 


13
- 
 - 
-  

  -    -  







1.2.2. Địa hình, đất đai
 
               
             





[76, tr. 38], trung bình






1.2.3. Sông ngòi


               




14
là 1.100        - 250m (làng   
Trung). 


chính 

           
  
 





               


 
1.2.4. Khí hậu
o, có


0
-16
0
C
85
mùa hè và mùa th

nô

khác. Vì là v    
2


3

              



   

15




1.3. Cơ cấu hành chính và dân cư
1.3.1. Cơ cấu hành chính

 [76, tr. 39]

. 
- 
- T 
- 
nh).
- 

- 
- 
h.
- 
Trong 7 thôn, có 2 thôn công giáo toàn tòng 
1.3.2. Dân cư
             
        là     
 

 h














, , . 



















 . 



 

16














. , , 

















 , 










 (


 
1.4. Lịch sử hình thành làng Chuyên Mỹ
1.4.1. Quá trình lịch sử và cư dân








 [42, tr. 61]

- 



            .
 


Cho - Phù
Vân - Phú Nguyên - - 
 
 - 
 - 
 -
 

 [65, tr. 583].

17
Theo sách Các tổng trấn xã danh bị lãm 
          [60, tr. 49] 
 [48, tr. 113]
    [43, tr. 46-47]      
   

 [43, tr. 46-47]1945 


B
 [60, tr. 49]
, 
 [48, tr. 253, 274].

và Trung [43, tr. 46-47] [43, tr.
194]


 


  








 
             




18
1.4.2. Quá trình hình thành làng nghề khảm trai Chuyên Mỹ

              



 




b [41, tr. 98]

nh 
    
 
 [24, tr. 363-364].



 
làng Yên Khánh - 

hì  
 [34, tr. 235], 


 

 [26, tr. 464].  
              
 [26, tr. 443] là



và 

19



  
n v
 trai ,   ph
 chép: 

 l
 [31, tr.120]
, m

 

trong xã 

.
             
Nam. 

            
          
                 
               


          
Tông (1740 - 
 khéo tay. M

    
 

 


20






              





 [9, tr. 54-55].
 


    
    



 ng có 
- 
 
 

- 


                

cùng nh

 [31, tr. 122].