Nghiên cứu chế tạo và khảo sát tính chất vật liệu Polyme Nanocompozit trên cơ sở Polyaniline và Graphit

1

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ



ĐẶNG DUY TRUNG



NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO VÀ KHẢO SÁT TÍNH CHẤT
VẬT LIỆU POLYME NANOCOMPOZIT TRÊN CƠ SỞ
POLYANILINE VÀ GRAPHIT











LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ

HÀ NỘI - 2011
2

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ


ĐẶNG DUY TRUNG



NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO VÀ KHẢO SÁT TÍNH CHẤT
VẬT LIỆU POLYME NANOCOMPOZIT TRÊN CƠ SỞ
POLYANILINE VÀ GRAPHIT

Chuyên ngành : Vật liệu và linh kiện nano
Mã số : Chuyên ngành đào tạo thí điểm





LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ


NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC : TS. NGÔ TRỊNH TÙNG







HÀ NỘI - 2011
1



DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT:

APS Ammonium persulfate
ARPES Angle Resolved Phoyoemission Spectrocopy
ATR-FTIR Attenuated total reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Apectroscopy
GNS Graphit nanosheet
GO Graphit oxide
FET Field Effect Transistor
FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Apectroscopy
MEG Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene
MOSFET Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
PANi Polyaniline
PSS Poly (sodium 4-styrensulfonate (PSS)
SEM Scanning Electric Microscopy
TGA Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
UV-Vis Ultraviolet- Visible
XRD X-Ray Diffraction













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PHỤ LỤC HÌNH VẼ

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Hình 24: S 
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Hình 31: S 

 V/s
Hình 33: C 

ng I-
Hình 36 : Transistor tr
Hình 37. S 
Hình 38. S 




Hình 42: 
Hình 43: S 
Hình 44: S 


Hình 47 
Hình 48 

--GNS
-GNS và GNS phân tán trong nc sau 1 tháng
4



-GNS(1%)
-GNS (b), PANi (c) và nano compozit
PANi/PSS-GNS (5%)
-GNS(1%)
 compozit PANi/PSS--GNS
-GNS, PANi/PSS-GNS(0.5%),
PANi/PSS-GNS(1%), PANi/PSS-GNS(3%) và PANi/PSS-GNS(5%)

5



MỞ ĐẦU




 

                  
 

                 
graphen,  y nanomet) 
  
 



 graphit


 
- 
-          
nanocompozit.

c  UV-vis , 
 


6



CHƢƠNG 1. TỔNG QUAN POLYANILINE ,GRAPHIT VÀ
GRAPHENE

1.1 Giới thiệu về graphit
1.1.1 Cấu trúc graphit
Graphit              



 [5]









Còn than 
 

2
tan


graphit.
 

 -cacbon


3

o
C. Không 

làm các  .

7




Hình 1: Tinh thể kim cương và graphit
1.1.2 Tính chất graphit

 -

4

3

là 3,35A
o
-16 A

o




               
phonon 
 la các
- 

   
8



RCC) vì tính
 và  xám

1.1.3. Phân loại graphit
Graphit    

o


graphit và p

       
      ãi           

               





o

 


công ng- 


 
cô
ô
 


 




9



ô

 

 

khoa 

cô

1.2 Tổng quan về graphene
1.2.1 Tính chất của graphene
1.2.1.1 Graphene là vật liệu mỏng nhất trong tất cả các vật liệu
         

        
- 


1.2.1.2 Graphene có tính dẫn điện và nhiệt tốt


                


1.2.1.3 Độ bền của Graphene




          


        

          

Hình 2: Ảnh minh họa vết lõm
của một tấm graphene đơn
nguyên tử chụp qua đầu mút
kim cương của kính hiển vi
lực nguyên tử.



10



 


 
                

  



trong 

tinh.
1.2.1.4 Graphene cứng hơn cả kim cƣơng
          
-



                


 







          


1.2.1.5 Graphene hoàn toàn không để cho không khí lọt qua
           


11



[16].

-li.
1.2.1.6 Graphene dễ chế tạo và dễ thay đổi hình dạng
          
cu


[6]



1.2.1.7 Hiệu ứng Hall lƣợng tử trong Graphene

 [6]
 
nà
sóng.
        
   
- 
       
Hình 3       
 
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      


 

          [1] 

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 
29. 

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         

Hình 3: Sơ đồ hiệu ứng
Hall lượng tử

Hình 4: Hiệu ứng Hall
lượng tử đối với trường
hợp pha tạp và không pha
tạp
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
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
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 

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
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1.2.1.8 Chuyển động của điện tử trong Graphene



sáng. 


nó.

[2].

ng 1.0 microOhm-


 





                

2

2

antimonide là 77.000 cm
2



Hình 5 Hiệu ứng Hall
lượng tử phụ thuộc vào
nhiệt độ

13



Các nhà khoa h            

2

     
2
         
 


 


trong graphene.

1.2.2 Phân loại graphene
1.2.2.1 Graphene đơn
      


       
       
     

        
       Nó



  vùng hóa
8.



Hình 8: Cấu trúc vùng năng lượng của Graphene đơn


Hình 7: Hình ảnh
hiển vi quang học
của lớp Graphene
đơn

Hình 6: Cấu trúc
tinh thể của
Graphene

14





elec


có 



1.2.2.2 Graphene kép
Cấu tạo
 có chi


- 
     
     
     
9.
-    
     
     
     
     
hình 10.


Tính chất đặc biệt- độ rộng vùng cấm thay đổi.

  
           
          
      
         

này.          


Hình 11: Hình ảnh hiển vi
quang học của lớp
Graphene kép

Hình 9: Cấu trúc
vùng năng lượng của
lớp kép Graphene có
cấu trúc đối xứng
(hình màu xanh)

Hình 10: cấu trúc
vùng năng lượng của
lớp kép Graphene
không đối xứng (hình
màu xanh)
15



 nhóm


. Khe vùng này
-electron vôn.
        






  
         
 





c

c

 
X


, 

t


12). 
0
2,46aA



kh
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
2 2 2
2 2 2
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g
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t e V
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. 
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

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 14. 

12
cm
-2


0,2t eV


và
0,4t eV






Hình 12: Cấu trúc tinh thể
của lớp kép Graphene

Hình 13: ô mạng
Graphene
16



15
và V
g



g
t

 
 


Hình 14: Sự xuất hiện khe vùng khi có điện trường ngoài và Sự phụ thuộc của độ rộng
khe vùng vào mật độ hạt

Hình 15: Độ rộng khe vùng phụ thuộc vào điện trường ngoài và mật độ hạt dẫn






.
17




Hình 16: Tiến trình đóng mở khe vùng năng lượng của lớp kép Graphene khi pha
tạp Kali






               
           








 



mili-electron vôn.






18



C


 

1.2.2.3 Graphene mọc ghép đa lớp (MEG)
        






           

          
           


                 

 


1.2.3 Ứng dụng Graphene
1.2.3.1 Dây dẫn và điện cực trong suốt

ép nano cacbon-
 [11]
nano cacbon-

khác.






Hình 17: Graphene
xếp tầng trên bề mặt
một chất nền silicone
carbide được chụp với
kính hiển vi lực
nguyên tử
19

- 




ghép nano cacbon-

-
           

-

nano cacbon-graphene không 
-

1.2.3.2. FET graphene

               



-




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Hình 18: Giản đồ FET graphene của IBM: dụng cụ mọc trên một chất nền silicon
carbide (khối màu đen) và bao gồm các điện cực phát và thu (bằng vàng), graphene
(mạng lưới màu đen), lớp cách điện (màu xanh lá) và các điện cực cổng (bằng bạc)
   



công 

 





1.2.3.3 Chíp máy tính
- có



- 


                


21




Hình 19: Tiến sỹ Leonid Ponomarenko giới thiệu một thiết bị với chiếc bóng bán dẫn
nhúng bên trong



               
               
 Han Wang và Daniel Nezich

, 
 
       


- - cùng







1.2.3.4. Màn hình ti vi cảm ứng





, 















 .






































 

. 


.
22



n
. 

              
graphene, 

 
 1 micromet. Tuy nhiên, 


 , 















.

























.
1.2.3.5. Chất phụ gia trong dung dịch khoan

 



 


             

        




 






 

23



-I SWACO - 

 

quá trình khoan.

1.2.3.6. Làm đế cho các mẫu nghiên cứu trong kính hiển vi điện tử truyền qua
(TEM)



cách 



    
    

     
     

     

     
      
khi qua   ác
     

     

     

     






Hình 20: Hình ảnh
đơn nguyên tử Hydro

Hình 21: Ảnh chụp các nguyên tử riêng biệt ở độ
phóng đại siêu cao a) Nguyên tử cacbon (chấm đen
được chỉ mũi tên), b) phân bố cường độ ảnh, c) mô
hình nguyên tử; d) nguyên tử hydro. Thang chia độ
dài là 2 nm