MC LC
Trang ph Trang
L
Mc lc
Danh mu vit tt
Danh mng
Danh m th
M U 1
NG QUAN 3
3
3
1.1.2. Vt liu tinh th vi mao qun Ti-MCM-22 6
6
1.1.2.2. Tng hp Ti-MCM-22 8
1.1.3. Vt liu mao qut t Ti-MCM--SBA-1 20
1.1.3.1. Ti-MCM-41 20
1.1.3.2. Ti-SBA-15 23
t s t ca titano silicat 25
a kim loi chuyn tit rn
25
1.1.4.2. Axit kim loi chuyn ting ca vt liu mao qun trung
27
t s 28
- 28
28
chn l 29
1.2.1.3. S i H
2
O
2
trong s t ca H
2
O: TS-t
li titanosilicat 33
1.2.2. Chuy 35
1.2.2.1. Ngun monotecpen 35
37
39
41
u thc vng dng 44
1.2.3.2. S m a axit ng dng 46
C NGHIM 49
2.1. Tng hp vt liu vi mao qun tinh th MCM-22 49
ng c 49
2.1.2. ng hp Ti-MCM-22 49
2.2. Tng hp vt liu MQTB Ti-MCM-41 51
2.2.1. ng c 51
ng hp Ti-MCM-41 52
2.3. Tng hp vt liu MQTB Ti-SBA-15 53
54
2.4.1. u x -ray Difraction-XRD) 54
2.4.2. hng ngoi 55
ng nhit hp ph - kh hp ph (Adsorption and
Desorption) 57
2.4.4. n t truyi cao ( Transmission
Electron Microscopy TEM 58
T ngoi kh ki(DR-UV-VIS) 59
2.4.6. (EDAX - Energy-Dispersive
Analysis of X-rays) trong TEM 61
Raman 63
2.5. Phn -etyl oleat -MCM-22;
Ti-MCM--SBA-15 65
T QU O LUN 67
3.1. Nghng ht li--
67
HMi 68
/Si trong gel tron
-- 70
-MCM-22 71
3.1.4u c 74
3.1.5ng ph ng (IR) 80
nh tra Titan nh ph DR-UV-VIS 84
87
3.2. Tng ht liu mao qut t Ti-
MCM-41 vi nhiu t l 88
3.2.1.p Ti-MCM-41 v l Ti/Si= 0,005; 0,01; 0,03 88
3.2.2. -MCM-41 b 89
3.2.3.Ph t ngoi kh kin rn ca mu Ti-MCM-41 vng
91
p ph ng nhit N
2
ca Ti-MCM-41 92
EDAX ca MCM--MCM-41 95
3.2.6. Ph Raman ca MCM--MCM-41 95
3.3. Tng ht liu Ti-SBA-15
v .97
3.3.1. Tng h-SBA-15 v
Ti/Si=0,01; 0,03 97
-SBA-15 .98
3.4. Phn --MCM-22, Ti-MCM-41
Ti-SBA-15 102
ng hc c -pinen trong m
quan vc mao qun ca zeolit MCM-22, MCM-
SBA-15 102
a vt liu Ti-MCM--MCM-41
trong phn -pinen .103
3-pinen 103
-pinen. .107
ng Ti c--
-pinen .109
3.5. Phn ng ox---SBA-15.110
3.6 .114
KT LUN 127
n lu. 129
Tu tham kho. 130
Ph lc 142
DANH MU, CH VIT TT TRONG LUN
CPA : Campholen andehit
D6R : Double-6-Ring
nh
FT-IR : Fourier Transfer-Infrared Spectroscopy
Ph hng ngoi chuy
GC-MS : Gas Cromatography Mass Spectroscopy
Si khi ph
:
HOMO : Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
ng cao nht b chim
HMi : Hexametylenimin
Mt lot
IZA : International Zeolite Association
Hip hi zeolit quc t
LUMO : Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
ng thp nhng
MCM-22 : Mobil Crystal Material twenty two
Vt liu t hp s 22 ca Mobil
MCM-41 : Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41
MWW : MCM-tWenty-tWo
MQTB
MR : Member Ring
POX : -pinen oxit
Mt lot
SBA-15 : Santa Barbara Amorphous
SBU : Secondary Buildings Unit
c cp
SDA : Structure Directing Agent
SEM : Scanning Electron Microscopy
Hin t
TBOT : Tertrabutyloxit titan
TEOS : Tetraethylorthosilicate
Mt lot
TBOT : Tetrabuthylorthosilicate
Mt loi hot
TPAOH : Tetrapropylamonihidroxit
Mt lot
TPD : Temperature Programmed Desorption
Gii h
UV-VIS : Ultraviolet Visible light Spectroscopy
Ph t ngoi -kh kin
XRD : X - Ray Diffraction
Nhiu x tia X
DANH MC BNG
Bng 1.1. Mt s d li
Bng 1.2. Ca mt s loi zeolit
B
-1
) ca zeolit
Bu kin tng hp zeolit Ti-MCM-22
Bng 3.2. ng ca th
Bng 3.3: u vt lic tng hp
B b mn ca MCM--MCM-41 vi
l
Bng c Raman
B b mn ca SBA--SBA-15 v
t l
Bn sn phn --
MCM-22 (0,01)
Bn sn phm phn -
Ti-MCM-22(0,01), Ti-MCM-41 (0,01) Ti-SBA-15 (0,01)
Bng 3.9: ng ca nhi n sn phm phn
-pinen
Bng 3.10. ng c-MCM-41
Bng 3.11. ng cn sn phm phn
etyl oleat-- Ti-SBA-15
DANH M
a zeolit ZSM-5
a zeolit MWW
ly cn ca zeolit b
Tra Ti trong b khung zeolit (spt-t
(spt-6)
1.5. H th-22
a Supercage-12MR
Ca vt li--41
Biu din s l
nhi ch
Ca vt liu SBA-15
ng clohydrin
ng s dng peaxit
n ph t-pinen
-pinenoxit
chuy ca sn phm dn xut epoxi ca trioleat.
qung hp Ti-MCM-22
ng hp Ti-MCM-41
ng hp Ti- SBA-15
tia tn x .
i xi xng (Antisym) c
kt Ti-O-Si trong tinh th zeolit
chuyn mng
a h ghi nhu ph EDAX trong TEM.
XRD c
-HMi (b)
(Ti/Si
=0,001; 0,02; 0,03)
XRD cu HN1
nhiu x tia X ca mu HN4
nhiu x tia X ca m nhiu x tia X ca
mu HN6(b)
nhiu x tia X ca mu HN7
a mu Ti-MCM-
(b)
a mu Ti-MCM- ng dung
dch axit HNO
3
2M
u ch trc ti
d
t trong t din TiO
4
ng ca mu Al-MCM-22
IR ca HN4 ( mm Ti-MCM-22)
H IR ca HN5 (Ti-MCM-22)
IR ca HN6
IR ca HN7
DR-UV-VIS ca mu HN5 (Ti-MCM-22)
DR-UV-VIS ca m7 (b)
nh SEM ca mu Ti-MCM-nh SEM ca mu Al-
MCM-22 (b)
nh SEM ca mu HN7
u XRD ca MCM-41; Ti-MCM-41 v l
DR-UV-Vis ca Ti-MCM-41 v l
p ph ng nhit N
2
ca Ti-MCM-41 v l Ti/Si kh
mao qun cu Ti-MCM-41 v l
nh TEM ca MCM-41 900.000 ln.
nh TEM ca Ti-MCM-41 v l
Ti/Si = 0,005 (a); 0,01 (b); 0,03(c)
.26. Ph XRD ca mu SBA--SBA-15 vi t l
(Ti/Si=0,01;0,03)
.a. Gi hp ph ng nhit N
2
ca Ti-SBA-15
c mao qun
nh chp TEM ca mu SBA--SBA--SBA-
15(0,03)
DR-UV-Vis ca Ti-SBA--SBA-15(0,03)
-pinen
khi GC-MS ca -pinenoxit
khi GC-MS ca este etyl oleat epoxit
mnh GC-MS ca etyl oleat epoxit
-
Ti-MCM-22, Ti-MCM-41Ti-SBA-15
phn ng ti v a -
titanperoxo
t s sn phm chuy cp ca -pinen oxit
1
M U
H t c du
cracking reforming
-t h2008 cc h
n, propilen tcracking(BTX) t
reforming 110, 85, 70 tri
i chp cht
;
c c
ch c hidroxi, ete (PEG)
. Vi o
chuym quan trng ln,
n phm trung gian cho tng hp hc p.
Nguc t du m iu ch
sn ph t o trong thc vth
tt yu hi m bo n bn vngp cht cha
ni t du thc v
n phm ng dng trc tip n phm trung gian cho
tng hp cht mc phm [41-46].
-pinen, limonen,
ng d cht tt
hong b mt, cht ty rc. Mt chn lc sn
2
phm ca phn thuc nhin lc ca
t li zeolit v-
ng ch
quan trng vi nhiu ng d hp ph 2-4,
13-15]. Vt liu titanosilicat-1 titan
s ph
propen (ca BASF) to hidroquinol [51,56,92
i v t liu mao qucho thy vt liu vi
mao qun zeolit MCM-22 t liu mao qu-41, SBA-15
m ra kh uyp cht hp chc ln
Trong lu u ch Ti-MCM-22, Ti-MCM-
Ti-SBA-15 vi vic ng t divt
liu titanosilicat- oleat
. c bi
framework-i hiu qu
ca Bo trong mng borosilicat. th
trong vt liu b
-pinen
3
NG QUAN
titanosilicat
Gii No
c d th v
41,46]. V mt kh th
etilen chim phn ln so vi olefin p cht
ec
ln nhp x khong 40-50% tng gi sn
xut b th gi ht 1,47.10
10
9
t thp k
[25n xut etilen glycol
(cht cht ty ra, cht hong b m
n.
ng hc ZSM-5-mt
lo dng cht to c
mui amoni bc b-Br (tetrap
bt
i sn xut benzen Naple (). Vic s d
template h, nhiu
vt liu metalosilicat mi. Tititanosilicat TS-1 i
-i
cho thc s dp
cht titanosilicat th ng t di
4
TS-c BASF s d
[31,51,55].
Titanosilicat t liu zeolit trong mng, ong
n , r t so v
truyn thng. Titanosilicat TS-a silicalit 1 (MFI) gi
ca ZSM-5 vi thay th Ti(IV) trong mng cho th
u loi phn ng i H
2
O
2
[73,82i i
ng ca propen
u thc hin B 119,121]. Phn ng
d-1/H
2
O
2
ri quyt
c c n gp ph to ra p cht thc
h ng th
oxometalic kh
c tng hp TS-
cu tng hp titanosilicat vc bi
vt lin l-1 b hn ch khu
lc ca s l39-51].
y, vic cp thit liu titanosilicat c s hiu qu
- c du m p
tng hc phm.
Gt loi zeolit mi MWW (MCM-22) cu
n so v n thM u r c bi
zeolit MCM- mt
5
v p ph
c ln i ng hp ca
ZSM-5.
-
Mobil Bedger.
Vt liu mao quc
biu th thng mao qun
mt rt ln nhc s n t c
trong sut thp k ng dng ti
cht hp ph ht mang [5-7,19,46,61,69].
T m v mnhiu n lc nhi
bc tip hop ng silic xp. So vi vt
liu vi mao qun tinh thnh
c cao do nhi m
n[41].
l
mao qu
gp nhi b lbu
khin s n hot
liu mn cht -c tng hp vi
vic s d
mao qun- bn thy nhio
vi MCM-41. Vt liu Ti-SBA-c ng d
6
n n l sn xut
tinh khic phm. Ti
dng t din vy tn ti c[82,125].
S quan trng ci s
dng v m c c n n s m
c
s ng dng nhiu trong vic sn xu
i polime, taxol-mt hp ch ng ung
ng lic ph49,126]. Do
th
phn
c v-
chn ln l.
Vic tng hp ra zeolit cha titan TS-
cng s ca EniChem [128,129o ra h vt liu vi mao qu
qun
c. Vt li
gii quy
ng. Zeolit th h mi c ng dng trong nhic
chuyn phm ph t th
vp nhn v m[130].
1.1.2. Vt liu tinh th vi mao qun Ti-MCM-22
7
MCM-22 bng vic s dng
chng ci (SDA) t hong b mt )
hexametylimin dng cht hong b mi
amoni bc b. Zeolit mi MCM-22 c bi
n gi vic th ng ca t
dic mao qun la ZSM-5, Ti-MCM-22 hi vng s tip
c .
Zeolit MWW (MCM-c ti hai h thi
c lt nhau. Mt h i 10 MR (Member Ring) t
c hai chi i kia to nc l
trong 7,1 18,2 i hai (12MR),
nhng ch ni gic lng
3 [120,124,127]. Mu rc bi-a
s
p ph cng ki ZSM-5.
m nhng mi v vic tng hp mt h
t hc gi
phi
n lc (shape selectivity) ca b khung ca h vt liu MWW,
h vt liu mi (Ti-MCM-22) c hy vng p c
c l
8
a zeolit MWW
ng ca vt liu zeolit vi mao qun
-c tng
hp thy nhi ng hp MWW titan
silicat (Ti-MWW) li gp nhihc. c thay th ng
MWW s dng axit boric u ch.
Vic s dng tt c
kim lo tr n t ln
[102-110].
1.1.2.2. Tng hp Ti-MCM-22
n gc t i ta quan
nim rhp cht polihidrat c [95,100]. V
i rt nhi c coi zeolit ch
kªnh th¼ng
5.2*5.6A
kªnh ziczac
5.1*5.7A
a zeolit ZSM-5
9
aluminosilicat cn ph thng mao qun r
trt t vc biu din:
M
x/n
[(X
2
O
3
)
x
.(YO
2
)
y
].zH
2
O
n
ba( Al, B, Fe, Ga )
bn( Si, Ge )
H
2
O
ng y/x >1 tu theo tng loi zeolit
+ ( x+y ) tng s t din trong mt t n
+ Dn ca mt t n
thun ti vn s d
thc(*) vi di
ng hp c th zeolit MCM-22.
Zeolit MCM-n t l mol:
( X
2
O
3
) : n (YO
2
) ( n = 20 40 )
bi
bi
Khi mu ch xong, dng khan zeolit MCM-c
chung.
( 0,005 - 0,1 ) Na
2
O : X
2
O
3
: n YO
2
: ( 1 - 4 ) R
R cht to c loi bn
x t (khong 500
o
C ).
10
n nhit, di mt l
2
/g.
MCM-22 h s d
i vi ion NH
4
+
. Sau khi nung MCM-22
ng mt ng, rt xp.
Lý thuyết tổng hợp zeolit
MCM- t liu zeolit c tng hp
metalosilicat tinh th c thc hin u kin thu nhit
(hydrothermal) vi nhi nm trong khong 60
o
C 220
o
C, t t
sung tt cao tu thung loi zeolit. Phn lo
u kim nhit
ng h bn (metasable phase) [24,27-29].
Mt s u kin ng hp zeolit:
1. Cht phn
cht r
2. Phn ng thc hin i cao pH = 9 - 13, trong s
t ca hidroxit kim loi kim hoc kim th (Na
+
, K
+
, OH
-
3. Phn ng thc hin nhi tht ni sinh (ch yu
to ra bi s a H
2
O trong autoclave ).
4. M
m i thi gian ng
Các giai đoạn hình thành zeolit
Tng hp thy nhin hp cht ca
t h i dng gel metalosilicat trong
11
n sau [36-39]:
1. t ti tr
2. n to mm tinh th.
3. n la tinh th.
n ln Si, Al,
mt pH nhnh. S
kt =Al tt mi Si O O i
d
( OH
-
, F
-
tn t SBU nhi s ng ca
cht to cm tinh thc SBU s t vi nhau to
nh.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình tổng hợp zeolit
a/ ng ca t l SiO
2
/X
2
O
3
T s SiO
2
/X
2
O
3
ng rt quan tri vi s
c cp SBU. Theo P.Cox [27
din, khi t s Si/Al > 4 s t diy,
t s i vi dng ca zeolit tng hp. T s
n t kt tinh zeolit. Bng k thut i
ng minh rng t l ng ho
ta tinh thm thi gian kt tinh.
c li, trong h
depolym
2
t
4
-
trong
dung dch tng hm pH dm.
m t kt tinh ca zeolit.
12
b/ ng c pH
N OH
-
nh ng ln s m kt tinh
la tinh th zeolit. yu dng Al (OH)
-
4
.
S monome ca silic (Si(OH)
4
a Si O Si ph thuc
pH. Vi n silic c n gim n
44,47].
ng hng silic cao, pH nm trong
khong 9 - u t rt quan trng quyn s tn ti c
d
+ pH >9: Al tn ti dng Al(OH)
4
-
+ pH >12: Si tn ti ch yu hai dng SiO(OH)
3
, SiO
2
(OH)
2
.
Khi gel tng h pH cao s
o ma tinh th ng thy
i mi loi zeolit ta cn chn mp.
c/ ng ca cht to c
m template hay chng t
i c
ly cqun ca zeolit b
13
Chnh mi nh
ng th
ki c
c ng cn th hin 2 yu t
sau :
+ ng t TO
4
sp x ng khc bit xung quanh template t
ng loai zeolit.
ng b mt dm th c ca
mn khung zeolit [33,42,46].
Nhu v ra rng, nhng cation h
nh ng c t tt. L
p x
theo mp nh sp xt.
La cation h c vi silic trong dung d
tc nhy cho s c
ngang gia cation hn ti mt khoi
hn gia cation h bc Si. S tin s
a tinh th rng kh ng hp zeolit,
c bi
d/ ng ca nhi i gian
c tng h u kin thu nhi u ng
trc tip ca nhi c n s
rc gi
14
18,36-42].
c thi gian kt tinh,
nhi t cao s
+ Zeol b
chuy chuyn
e/ ng c
c dung d tron
t vi nhau to mng lng. S
to gel trong h t yu gia
t. S tng h u phi trn to
gel. Ln dung dch Na
2
SiO
3
vi dung dch NaAl(OH)
4
sau:
c hiy ra t c
c chuyn cht ca
p xp li c m tinh
T=25
0
C
[Na
a
.(Al
2
O
3
)
b
.
(SiO
2
)
c
. NaOH. H
2
O] (gel)
Na
x
[(AlO
2
)
x
(SiO
2
)
y
] . mH
2
O (zeolit)
NaOH(dd) + NaAl(OH)
4
(dd) + Na
2
SiO
3
(dd)
T=60-220
0
C (trong autoclave)
15
th ho, th ti aluminosilicat
m tinh
thn thi gian kt tinh.
u t ng t
m tinh th n h
kc tinh th l
S thay th a Silic trong c
t, vic thay th
4+
t axit b mt cng
th, s thay th i nhit b mt
ca zo ra nhng kh ng dng mi cho zeolit. Khi
thay th i chuyn tii zeolit (Ti, Ga,
2
O
2
, N
2
O, O
3
Zeolit Anatat
1.4. Tra Ti trong b khung zeolit (spt-
anatat (spt-6)
thay th