Thiết lập cân bằng vật chất và cân bằng nhiệt lượng của thiết bị chưng cất dầu thô với năng suất 6 triệu tấn/năm

BÀI TẬP LỚN CÔNG NGHỆ CHẾ BIẾN DẦU
Đề A4:
 !"#$%#&'''"#$
()#*
The task:
+ ),-./0!1*
+ 2345/0!1*
+ (!6!7!8,,9*
+ 6:
• ;78*
• <048=7!*
• <07-/>5$8?@*
• 
• 
+ 6:
• <0A!8,-*
• )4B$!-*
• )4B0*
• 
Quá trình chưng cất dầu thô
1. Ý nghĩ của quá trình chưng cất dầu thô.
;#CD!E=5#,!88$F6--$F6
#C$0,!88$F#8=$?;84G#C#HAI
41JK48=C*
!80#0,L$MN8O
4048=#C4PQ8*
!8$F4R4MA./00/0
!10$#H$=3L$448*<0/0!1
N0F6/,PS;>S#8Q!;8@,-
F(;>(#;8@T,-
U/0!1F6/,PB9G#0/0!1

.*T,Q8J,-#I46/0!1#
V0IS;$(;,FJS;(;*<0#0,
4=,,T8=1S(;*
W0I8=1S;VX4P
048=:$FQ!8QQ$QQ$U*
2. Cơ sở lý thuyết của quá trình chưng cất dầu mỏ
Y0!1#B/0!1.0
48=*Y0!1,4Z00F0#4P
00AG!8Q8KF8J4BF0#
F,V*
T,Q80#%/0!1
:
+ 43J
+ E=
+ %A,3,F*
2.1 Chưng đơn giản
+ Chưng cất bay hơi dần dần:
<,AI!876#4PM044%8
[Q!*
+ Chưng cất bay hơi 1 lần ( bay hơi cân bằng)
\I46:8O438,3
NT49F4B0*
]4P#^8,38O0I!849
FZ*
+ Chưng cất bay hơi nhiều lần
Y0!15#9/0!1,3#BHN4B
>,N03@4HU*
]4P#:<8O0048=Q8#8#H*
<43JF4=44B8F
!_!0ADC*;84G$4P8FJ

#BDC%JG5
,G,+4GE=*
2.2 Chưng phức tạp
;#BDGTE=1,T
43J1F04048=#8#H-J
AIE=*
+ Chưng cất có hồi lưu:
`P8FJDC$%5#B
Ja#4X*)%ZMV4549-##Bbb
C3#3F0!FCH=4#-#
Ac8FFG5*
+ Chưng cất có tinh lyện:
C3N/0!1Z!84^99J6bC
3,P4B9*Y0!1,4Z!8
0,*`P4J#J8ZMV83b3C
$!804!04d,4#*
<G,e84B83F5*
+ Chưng cất trong chân không và chưng cất với hơi nước:
fD0AG!8%F9$g,
F4B#M46Ja#$,,P#8/0
!18=80#7#008
4G=Z,*
`B90A!8IB,84B%
*`H048=G4B8$!0Z,V>J#4B
$4B98M,G?@0=4B>hi'+ji'
8
<@*
4B834B,VTF
,3*f3#J#03!-#V
N4B3*

2.3 Đĩa chưng cất
`d3MJ,!45%/0!1!84^!84^
b737C!80*
<G!98=4dF04AIT,8=,-*)
#I46#4J#J8ZMVbC3J4P
/0!10/J*
f,AI,08=4d:
+ `dD>2QQ!,@
+ `dG>kQ+<!,@
+ `d(>(Q!,@
2.4 Stripper
`H7!6GlJa#4X0
c36!-G*`P8=C0Ac,$%Z/0!1
0,3!-0Ac$45%J#4980*
Y0!1AI0!Q!4L/0!1!*
Y0!1,Z!8bBCKj+m'4d$4U-=%
0F6/,P%T3!Z*
2.5 Sự hồi lưu ( Refux)
+f54X$40,:#=8!7CG4B4K4X0
MH40,04P!84^73*K4G#8/0!10
48=4!4P34Ja##8#H*
+f5!:/0!15!Z0,#B
Ja#C#!-04d4!8#=!5!N=
00Ja#=%49X4B!8
0$I4#BK!04P4G
,-40*
Sơ lược về nguyên liệu
1 Dầu thô Việt Nam và tính chất
Q8HF-JF0N()#4N#E
hmn*o''T",>)5:p88Fi''q@*2J4H08=

()#,4J##=$08=4RF0K!
k=f^$2A`Q$2A($?
Bảng sản lượng các loại dầu thô Việt Nam( đơn vị: triệu tấn/năm)rjs
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k=f^*;F0K#C,#&'+n'u^J
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8/0!1*
3. Dầu thô Bạch Hổ
\Ck=f^#N!64#$0%-(vF8Jmjo
F#*`,#C#C,8()#,*`3F
0#C,w6-8;F6(+wB48;F6
YH()#*
Bảng 2. Đặc điểm dầu thô Bạch Hổ rijj+is
2 63J W/J6
m x!L$
'
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i x!L$
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p '$&i&
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j `P#J,$
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q `BNo'
8
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& `BN '
8
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n <U8$uF '$ o
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mm •M$uF iq
mi (")$# i"i
mh )3$uF '$' q
mj \H)<$#" ii
mo `BM$#W~f" '$'o
Bảng 3: Đường cong chưng cất và trọng lượng của dầu thô Bạch Hổ
kJi:ck=f^
<A u$FH
\Q '$'''i
[ '$''hm
y!8 '$'hiq
z8+ '$'j&&
+ '$imii
z8+Q '$hqjm
+Q '$ iq'
,8Q '$'h''
i$i+4#Q, '$'ijh
i$h+4#Q, '$'oh'
i+#Q,+Q '$h&&o
y48=$
8
< u$FH uB5 WH!-

|Q i$& i$& +
&+nh m$oh j$hn '$ &m
nh+moq &$jh mi$&i '$qj '
moq+i'j q$ij i'$' '$qqhj
i'j+i ' &$h& i&$jj '$qnqi
i '+hm m'$im h&$ o '$&m '
hm +hqm mi$mm o'$q '$&i&o
hqm+jiq mi$o& h$hj '$&jhq
jiq+j&i mi$&j q $m& '$&ohn
j&i+o n$qj &o$ni '$&n'j
€o mh$&m nn$qh '$nhmh
\#0 '$iq m''$''
h+#Q,+Q '$i'nn
+QM '$&oi&
)MO:
;k=f^Gx!L'$&hmn>hn$i
8
Syz@8=cKJ$
9#Ja#!•>M$FQ!8QQ$QQ@8$,-^
Ja#!•l‚o'u-L3458=#B0*
;k=f^B8==$E!604BH!6
{>'$'hu@$3$F#8=U$ZQ-VB8=
G0!8!-!%*<US;GPAI!Z#
,-8/0!1!FMV0>p<<@*
;k=f^BL!ƒƒ8$-4inu$84G#J#
„4B4BN4B$,FGF!8H!G$5E$
,PJ8/J*
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84H!18F*L8=345
S;,3#B*

Tính toán công nghệ
4. Các số liệu ban đầu
−<:L8=m0
−):q!"#
−),-:;k=f^m''u:
$mo
$mo

…&i&>W"#
h
@
FMNQ84B48=
:
Bảng1 : TBP cut pointrhs
y!8 ky8$
8
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)"WQ!8QQ m o
WQ!8QQ"|†~ i'o
|†~"fQ,†~ hh'
fQ,†~"tQQ hq'

(ky8!-GJHJa#kf^
:
Bảng 2 : Phân bố sản phẩm của dầu thô Bạch Hổ [3]
2Ja# u$FH
~ƒƒ m$o‡m'
+j
|y† '$iq
) mh$h&

WQ!8Q  $hi
|†~ im$'n
f†~ &$ i
\ˆ o'$hi
5. Tính cân bằng vật chất
−%#:&'''"#
−) !"#
;84G,,9!8m:
 …qo'*'''F"
3.1.1 Tính lưu lượng sản phẩm
|F6J:
qo'*'''‡…mF"
fJa#|y†:'$iqu
|Ja#|y†:
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|Ja#):
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fJa#FQ!8Q: $hiu*
|Ja#FQ!8Q:
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fJa#|†~:im$'nu
|Ja#|†~:
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fJa#f†~:&$ iu
|Ja#f†~:
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fJa#\ˆ:o'$hiu
|Ja#\ˆ:
‡qo'*'''…hqq*j''>F"

GJF/J:
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47.400
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158.175
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64.650
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750.000
3. 2.2 Tính cân bằng cho nước
*|3T
f38840,0:
Lou!L8!L!QQ*

f3T802!Q!:
Li$ou!L8Ja#*
f3840,0:
hqq*j''‡…m&&q'F"
f38!Q!|†~:
‡i$o…h*nojF"
f382!Q!f†~:
j* o'‡…m* o F"
Chú ý:(FQ!8QQ1FAI34P,3FQ!8QQ!8
!Q!#AI440,0>!Q8Q!@8Gl!8J
a#e#4IM4Ja#FQ!8QQ*
4RAI:
m&*&q'‰h*noj‰m* o …ijj&'F"
*|l!8Ja#:
|l!8Ja#|†~'*mouFH:
#
>|†~@
…'$mou‡mo&*mqo…ihqF"
|l!8Ja#f†~'*muFH:
#
>|†~@
…'$mu‡ j* o'… oF"
|l!8Ja#\ˆ'*' uFH:
#
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…'$' u‡hqq*j''…ii F"
^40!TJa#:
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|0!N04X0:
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Tài liệu tham khảo
1. |-(f*<#C‹)MJW8LFŒ

f)B‹i'''*
2. y2†*2*`)L*fGL#C‹)MJ!%`=Lk0
W8f)B‹mnnn
3. Q$•†<*()#88!8!8>Q!8(Q)#@$;Y
!QƒQ!,$8Q!#$<;}$S!i''q*
\BH!•Q: