Tải bản đầy đủ (.docx) (11 trang)

Bài tập kỹ năng môn ĐTM Nhóm 8

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (583.77 KB, 11 trang )

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÔN ĐỨC THẮNG
KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG & BẢO HỘ LAO ĐỘNG

Môn học
ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC ĐỘNG MÔI TRƯỜNG
BTKN
Chủ đề : Năng lượng hạt nhân

 
  
   !
" #$% "&
'()*+,-

I. GIỚI THIỆU VỀ NĂNG LƯỢNG HẠT NHÂN
1. Khái niệm
• ./0%12.#31.%456%127/04181987:1;4
./0<+41=%12>1?15@ 4;4.A'B%1249:
;1(C/D';'E>F17/04?EG6 >.#'2%4%12,H4EI
4;4'/D';'9;441:J )1K0'%12#'2L'M%(F1
44;4.A'BNO9+41/N4#G47+4?EG9;4 7OEI
/N47/047:1%L D/N4# 77/044>:1#4D7:
';176H41%.P47Q>(
• 31.6L E>F14B O./0.#-R199+
1P,S91 H4-.+1ET(
• ./0%127/04?EG7:1%L 9U./0764V 18N,
N./09+1T/9546B#9+(
• #;>76%1241:1%L 76.1G41LO1;1%311W
7:,95J$;7%(
• ./0%127/04?EGJXD"@4 1L18N(*56
%124O45EG,J )44F'./0 Y (


2. Năng lượng hạt nhân vì mục đích hòa bình
• G411K1:@418.@ 7864?EG./0%12.#7:
7JLZ<.0+44V ./0%12.#4[41F144;4/N4
#4\?EG,1]4;47O945JZ#15@ 0'1;4@418,
7)1W7JLZ64?EG./0%1295E^78P
14V _9+%12952>>:4B49Y]#P 1#4V 4
/W#51L/W(
• ?EG./0%12`G47+4A J`4a .#.%JY_9+%1
2H41=JY4;44/D1L`MF1_9+%12(*+`7]E\
MF1_9+%12,18N718#7#';#9b981c6'/N4
95'KJ8_9+%12d(6'/N4#>7/04181.e'ZG47+4%
4864X<4;4.%_9+%12N">1f41LG431g5'KJ8,
hN#>O?EG9i1e1%124G47+4#J`(]7
o 6'/N44B44;4@4 9;49MF1./0
%12,N7O9695?EG9i1e1#>7:';11L:_9+%1
2(
o *'R'.##L 7:MF1./0(\@4 @>O?
EG./0%124G47+4#J`,#91L1$1L/W
7 4<181984#;>./0%12EI.A'B
/N4j?EG.6L .##,4;4@4 #>4T'
7/044F''R'7:.##L H47: .%#;#>1L1$
1L/W@418(
o g:;1181L`.##L 41:7/04M]/.#31'T1L
J6';'4P';11L:7T7%%127:8/N4#
.#7O#>1`'Lk1.9Yc6'/N495'KJ8_9+%1
2d(g5@4 #41:J+e1481%_9+%121L9
4AJ$L#J344$P1 1L 4V 6'/N4(
o *;4@4 9b981#6E>1L`c6'/N495'KJ8_9+%1
2d7O41#1+4111L64121V6'/N4(L319
P4,>811F14@4 1LI7O954_9+%12k'

l@4 7D.m9541F>44T'481%_9+%1
2(2>.#311L<7096'/N47/04181.e'(
3. Tình hình phát triển, tầm quan trọng của năng lượng hạt nhân
• +781W7:n"n,4 "#;>%121L9f'18N7H11%
-S@4 9;4 (L,./0%12489-U
1K11G./01L18N(61%,1 7 .#/N4'G134.N
F1#./0%129S!,U4T./04V /N4#>7/04
4;4.A'B44F',$1L+1B .#C;'(%i,-.A'B%12
7 44F'1NU764@4 #>(o 4/W@4C;',e1
o#i481ND&U1K./076%127/04MF11L
1#18N(
• pN<.0189V98'O91%./0n9./0,
./0%127 #>4#1LX7/04/ 43(6T814;41#2
J >N7/04MF1,4;4181J$1EA,1;:E##>7O?EG
./0%12(31./0.N4;49+1#@2P4F'/1#T(((7O?
EG)./0#>(*+4;4734D%121L4;41#2J >7
 .%9487F#B4%4@2i# (
• q7:
o ;1L`#>7].%44/W31./0./09K.),%4
#@ 1L\D,T/51e(
o *F1151L/W+1(
o *'+e#,6MF1#E61+47F1?EG+1DO
N31#;>1V>76(
• /047:
o ;1L`MF176%121L 31./04F11'M%J 
)rL 954>: 7/04,31>1?134s41
t4V>8.#C.1#*Lu(*;44F11#>64/ 44;4M?.b1L61
7:#.#>4D.N4P 1#4V 4/W(>4D5v5
1L/W4V 4;4#;>76%124A781=./0'M%1Y L 1=
@;1L`'2L%12,1>,4/W741:9:;14k

9;11(
o gM>L P41`e@4P491L\(
ww( CHÍNH KIẾN CỦA NHÓM
]4k15,?EG./0%12.#95 1#(*+`18,4
@>817$'764?EG./0%12,9:464?EG
./0%12`G47+4A J`(@>817$/e>JX`<>
24+/ 
( Sự cố nhà máy điện hạt nhân nghiêm trọng
(( Thảm hoạ nguyên tử Chernobyl năm 1986
• #>!1;-!,.A'B-4V #;>76>1?*]LJ>.
';1K,2>L 31.%1GKW4;4.A'B9;4,.#1 4>.x.A'
B%12(2>.#P4%121LT1L\F11L.$4?(y954
1/W4f4;47;2>JG'M%J >.JT1LW#. L3L O
9P4'+ 12>J z5p81,31/N45{#2>{,s#
'+ 75 g(%#>';1L ./0'M%.NF'J1L.T
N@J>1?7/04RML ( 1\ ,#.%14;4
F7OO5v51L/W4_/OB49Y]7]E\ /WE2(
• ]31J;4;T72>4V *D@ ./0>1?@418tws|su#
K4B4}188Nt~•u,#&!/WJ$4/N'% >1%1W
7:M>L GK,9(/W,1L74(1L/W0'.#1Lm],7
481`1/ 1W7:7(>,K4B4A J`M t1K4B4J
651L/WZ4164/Wu4LZ1K/W481.@ 
781\ *]LJ>.7.1N9(/W1L 7%1=
78 >(.#4/ 1+<>:.5L`Le'N#1L45
2^##>1 > .#64T484€@ 1#J15€,.N'Y7/04
M2>EPJ @ .A'BJ$K7:1FJG'M%18'1G4';1
1;L 51L/W(
• ;2>JG'M%1=GK.A 'B-#;>76%12
*]LJ>.7J 'V31'T.N.1K42{,/X78#1L6
/WXr9L ]#4;4/N4.;O

• •/X4V 1FJG'M%';1L 1=GK‚F'&.T@J
>1?4V i1ML te1ou)*81L 8N.T
1Bww,7981#J39P4Z1L#;>J$4;4.>#1#(P418
7 1/D#>4f44fƒ4A9RE#1LO1e'9„< EI<J6
';'9f4'G4e@77/041L:9 (
• z]1,M]J\41R'#;>J >1LP41J$vM%Z1L3197F1
1LT#;>76%12*]LJ>.(g("&'/D16);>
J >1LP41,M]J,M]V,M]1,M]1,M]4BY #M]4F'4B77/04?
EG7:4.%1\ %12#1F147O7J$vM%(n&7F15
6'Xo]. L7J$vM% 9.A'B-4V #;>76%1
2*]LJ>.';1K(
• l,49!(1Lm]Xr9L ]7/04L N@14F7O(
/W1 W.#Ev'M%,1>7O#>^4/ 7/044B
1P4(

1.2. Thảm họa nhà máy điện hạt nhân Fukushima
• hT72>F1,#>1;",, 1Le1\ 737F1#1T
]E ,#;>76%12…9 H'#.%14;4F7O7N
4;4.A'B#LAL†'M%2>L P4#;>76…9 w(`
1L%5v'M%#>4#4 (>954/W1?1%4l,
/2>O.%OB49Y]4V 4/W1L9P4J$
/X #>(yP98'F1#7:? 4< #;>##1;7:
9?%4'M%(
• g541/D1LP418'1=64LAL†'M%1>98#
`/W'7D1;#OI7F1951:X7/041LO1e'
9„1N(
• g1F/N4vM%J$1;1L 1=31J:4B 4V #;>76%1
2…9 y 4,1L701LAL†.NF19:1=;(
2. Nhiều quốc gia vẫn tiếp tục tiến hành sản xuất vũ khí hạt nhân
• p_9+%12t18s4.] L‡] 'u.#.%_9+V>E61#

.%1#./04V E4;4'B'2%4%12H4n#'
B0'%42>L (31_9+%12YF14_4B445';.N
DJF19_9+@>/N4#(p_9+4B445';1/D7/DN
1L61F14K41:';V>#1#311#'(8B445';
.#1L61FtH4EI6 >4/ 1:1P467/04u1`41:';V>
31INJ;9+ˆ!9(
• *78 >74 @J%127/04EI1L6$1848
@J1BF17/04RML te1ou##>!1;
-&41.#11.]o>#7/04.#1=L ‰@ 41.#… 1
 #7/04RM   9,4_Xe1oJ #> 7,7/04.#
1='.17 J1#'.N#>(
• */W@4%1218'1G4E>1L`/18%12
o o3% i= 45J,1+78#>1;", X<
(-7T7%%12,+1DiS-7T7%‰'/D16.f'_9+
%124-484,+1Di"484‰181J$'1.? 7%
7%M>.G47$ ,181J$'1.? 7%7%4V 1#T#;>
J >RJ%484,+1Di484(K_9+
%124V  /N4i, ^481LU1#4T,18'1G4
E>1L`$1L+/18%12(
o ;&#1;",i7".TJf1.? 7%7%M>
.G47$ 1] www,7#1#6G9:1L Jf1/W
"(
o ;,;>J >RJ48./04o‚&4V g5@2iX
h J >78J:#1e'1Le,D< 4A4IN;>J >
RJ48./041#`o‚s,1=#>1;"J >@ .%T
(9,78J;7LO1P46Ev1e'1e'9+41TM
#RJ,9 G4Ev1e';1N487F1P418(
o s4J81ƒ9RE#1W 'G4G4V 1#T%12,7Q>
 481%1#T%121.? 48./04N()1W,1+4
4P44B';11L:1.? 7%7%M>.G47$ N4V 1#

T,24 734+M;4Jf1Lk#99:;1>.P4
4V 7T7%%12(
o C;'ƒ7Q> 41%1#T%1264,';11L:1.?
7%7%N41#T,7KN4V.%;>J >RJ48
./04N,9Q1L/D4B481%1.? #1L`N4
1#T#;>J >,7T7%%124B445';Y(
 *1:1F>,_9+%12ZX1L%1;7O'A4 4V 4;4/N4%12
'/D2>H4EI1%1`JN1./0,/4†.#74>:#
1L%1;7O'A1F',7$ $/18%124V \#1#951 >7K
4IN64€4f1%12€(
• /N4.N%1214/W9487F1P418%12
o *;4/N4.N%127OEP #98%4EP98418_9+%1
264,i498%418#24F'41%1#E67N
9_9+%1264,1e'1L';11L:7T7%%12B445
';Y#_9+%12N 1##7;14e>D
o  4fE>1L`42JZ%12Ni,44B#98%4,1L/N4
 ƒ7K 1L J$1#J3611.? 48./0418
61B&,1B4.#611.? ŠJ]‹#'.‚,1+44P4';11L:#
1L:9 1.? 7%7%M>.G47$ Š‚-#1.? %1248
./04H17F1No.  ,7Q> ';11L:_9+%12481e1,
1.? M>.G47$ 1LJ:N#1#T%1248./04186
1B&(g818'1#T%121.? 7%7%.N'oL]> 7T1
 1}Ly.L9>4+1B41L J$4%73o:of4
@2 , 4A498%41L/N4S481%1#T%1
2.N'#>(
o P4./0%124V s,C;'1=J/N4';11L:1]/N4D
73.%1,24 731';'A95#91(
• yF6';11L:_9+%126 >e1o41:7J+e1MF1
H47 MF1‚&181J$K%124B445';&(781L6
1F,/01*y*yLO#wL 4O./0#>.P4(o#J;1>

1L>O,44B#.e'1L/W€4Va @2'61€<T72>4V #
4T@>Oe1o,95=7Q> 4;4J/N414/W@2J$,7H4
J61.#4;4#73/4+;4€J#1L/N€4V 4+@>O‹sJ]
1LF7O.1K,731;';11L:_9+%124V e1o€4T
'€7/04E/.e1e'1L1]Ex(
• *;4/N4c/Œ4? %12dF'Lk1';11L:_9+%12
o W€e1J;C~ €i1;""4J81,*y*yLO
7f7/04456_9+%12#>.6%12,4
1:.f'7T7%%1274#1.? 41:1F45#4H4
e1o(
o •3^1]98%4';11L: 461_9+%12
€1 $F11:€,1L@ ,4;4J/N4 >.6%124V
i,e'9Q456%124V  95O4e.%4k1#(
C 91 4_18'1G47T1/.N,4f18#c_9+ d7T
7%%12(
3. Hiện nay, thế giới vẫn chưa có giải pháp an toàn để đối phó với các sự cố từ
năng lượng hạt nhân.
*G1:.#1#'*]LJ>.,1= P4%1278 >1#'#>^.#1#
' ,954E24/#7/04f478N11#' (
 P4,78 >^4ALF1O4$/XHOE7].%tJ$1/,
Ž(u#4/ 497O1L$(
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
11'nn‡‡‡(‡L.E‚4.] L(Ln4.] L‚o 4n
11'nn‡‡‡(1]L 1 .(4(4 n L‚ L]n'] 4]•.‚' 4•@]( 'M•. ‘]
11'nn‡‡‡( E (4(nJ.]n’J.]’1]n’J.]’1141n1]n&!
(1.
11'nn]M'L](]1n1‚14n9 ‚4n‚1 ‚4‚]‚M ‚L‚L‚‚ 1‚
&"(1.
11'nn(‡9']E (Ln‡9nU|UosUs"’U|UooUy ’*]LJ>.

×