Ebook văn phạm anh ngữ căn bản phần 2 bùi gia tuân

| BUI GIA TUAN ©2012
83
VĂN PHẠM ANH NGỮ CĂN BẢN
83
LESSON 16: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES  

1, 



ex2: I can come 
Main clause
If clause
Simple Future
+ will/ shall


         
ought , must, have to






HTHT
Ex1: If I have much money , I may buy a new bike
Ex2: please try harder if you want to pass the exam



Ex5
 

1

2

1,2
, (tùy theo)

Ex1: what will you do if you are free tomorrow ?






Main clause
If clause

| BUI GIA TUAN ©2012
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


 




Ex



 too old to go bush walking, if she were younger she would/ could go bush
walking.
 
 

Ex: what would you buy if you had some money now?
If you had some money now, what would you buy ?


Main clause
If clause
Would/ could/ might + have + P
II

QKHT ( had + P
II
)



Main clause
If clause




QKHT : had + P
II



Ex3: If they had had 

- 
- 
Ex1: If only she were here now, she would give us some advise



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

- 


- 

 







- 
t




ou









6,
  
  

| BUI GIA TUAN ©2012
86
VĂN PHẠM ANH NGỮ CĂN BẢN
86
   
   


Ex1: you can use my car provided that you fill it with petrol






Ex3: but for the fact 

= in the even that


9, G

Ex1: Granting that it is so, what shall we do?
Ex2: granting that to day were Sunday , would you go fishing ?
Ex3: granting that he had seen me in the street yesterday, he would have said hello

Ex1: suppose it rains tomorrow, what will you do ?

Ex3: suppose I had done my homework well yesterday , the teacher wouldn
mark 2.


Ex1: she is busy now otherwise she would help me (to) do it
) do it.
Ex2: she was busy yesterday otherwise she would have helped me (to) do my homework




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


grees or not.



Ex: in case of the rain tomorrow, we will stay at home
b, but for = without ( pr





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LESSON 17: EMPHASIS  


1, 
 

 i vng t  ng t gi nguyên V chính



2, Ph nh
 ng t hoc tr ng t 
c t cn nhn mnh




rrow


 Cách 2: không vit t ng t hong t c bit


tball
3, Câu mnh lnh
a, Mnh lnh khnh : thêm tr ng t u câu

b, mnh lnh ph nh

C1: không cu to hình thc ph 

C2: không vit t

4, Nhn m

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u câu



ng hp nhn mnh cn, cu trúc khnh :
 c l

Ex1: he will go tomorrow

Ex2: he said he would do it

Ex3: I will go next week
6, Cu trúc nhn m
Ex1: is it your mother or your father that gives you pocker money
i t phn thân
a, Cu to : ngôi 1/2 dùng tính t s hu + self/ selves
i t  + self/ selves
i t phelf,
himself, themselves,
b, ch
 i t phn thân làm tân ng ng t n mnh)
Ex1: Romeo killed himself
Juliet killed herself
R & J killed themselves

Ex3: he only thinks of himself
 i t phn thân nhn mnh ch ng i t phng nagy sau S hoc cui
câu
Ex: I myself did my homework

 i t phn thân nhn mnh tân ng ng ngay sau O
Ex1: I did my homework itself yesterday

Ex2: she told the teacher himself about it
Ex3: she told the teacher about it itself

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 
Ex: I live on my own
= I live by myself
= I live alone
  tâm trng, cm nhn ci mt cuc vui ( rng
dùng  hin ti tip din)
Ex: at the party
Are you enjoying yourself ?
Yes, I am
o ng



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LESSON 18: INVERSION - HIO NG

 o ng là hio v trí cng t v ng c nhm nhn mnh ý
a câu
 u kio ng : ch s do ng khi các t, cm t ng  u câu
 Tr  o ng  o ng  , còn các

o ng  
o ng u câu (t ph nh)
No + N
Not + any + N
Ex1: I will lend you no money
I will lend you not any money

Not any money will I lend you
Ex2: she gave me no rice
She gave me not any rice

Not any rice did she give me
ng t c bing t c bic ch ng.
Nng t o tr ng t lc S, V chính gi nguyên.

o ng vng tình khnh: dùng trng t u câu
Ex1: we liked the monkeys most. So did other boys

B, so are we
o ng vng tình ph nh : s d
ng ( Pro)
Neither : liên t + trng t
Neither nor : liên t (conj)
ng t
-  ng tình, ph i ta còn dùng trng t

Ex1: I am not E

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We are not E either = neither are we
kike E

 Neither/ nor
Ex1: A: I am not hungry
B: neither / nor am I

B: neither do we
o ng vi các trng t tn sut mang ý ph ng u câu
 )
 Rarely = little: him khi
 Hardly ( ever) = scarely ( ever) : h
Ex1: never have I got Mark 10 at Marth
Ex2: never does she go out at night
Ex3: little do I understand her
Ex4: Hardly (ever) does she speak in the public
o ng khi các liên t ng  u câu
No sooner than
Hardly when
Scarely when

Ex1: I had hardly arrived home when
o ng: Hardly had I arrived home when
Ex2: they had no sooner begun the play than the light went out
o ng: no sooner had they begun the play than
o ng u câu
a, only when : ch o ng m chính tc là


(DC: dependent clause, MC = main clause)
Ex1: only when you work harder, can you pass the exam
b, Only then: ch  
ex1: only then shall/ will we win a lot of money
ex2: only then could I contact her : ch i có th liên lc vi cô y

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c, Only after :
 
 
Ex1: only after having done my homework, did I go to bed
Ex2: Only after dinner does she go for a walk
Ex3: Only after she has dinner, does she go for a walk
d, Only by : ch bng cách : gii t
 
Ex1: only by working harder, can you pass the exam
Only by your harder work, can you pass
Ex2: only by swimming can we cross the river
e, Only later : ch mãi v 
ex1: only later did I understand her
ex2: only later did I remember who he was
f, Only if : ch n
ex1: only if you help me, will I be successful

g, Only once : (conj) ch mt khi

ex1: only once you she her will you like her


h, Only with : ch v
ex: only with a small knife, could he kill her
i, Only in this/ that way (adv) : ch b
ex1: only in this way will we win a lot of money
 này b c
thành ph dùng trong cng
- Nu b i
Ex1: he enjoys not only reading but also sprorts
Ex2: not only her friends but also her husband is surprised at her success
- Liên t này ch s do ng u câu và không b  ch ng ( vì
khi b  to ra 2 S)
Ex1: Not only does he enjoy reading but also sports

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Ex2: she is not only beautiful but also intelligent

Ex3: he not only cheated me but also beat me

o ng vi cm gii t ch
a, at no time = never:
ex1: at no time have I been here before
ex2: at no time does he give me a gift on my birthday
b, In no way : không có, còn cách nào
ex1: in no way did he have to choose this one
ex2: in no way will we give him what he wants
c, On no condition : tuyi không

ex1: on no condition have they given me anything so far
n bây gi h tuyi không cho tôi th gì)
Ex2: on no condition did I tell an one about this
d, on no account = for no resason : không vì bt c lý do gì, dù bt c 
không
ex1: on no account should you sign this document
( vì bt c lý do gì bu tài liu này)
ex2: on no account do I follow his advice
e, In/ under no circumstances : trong/ cho dù trong bt c hoàn c
ex1: In/ under no circumstances must you do go out alone at night
 Note: tt c các cm gii t u nm trong câu khnh
Nu s dng trong câu ph nh thì thay
No = not any : c th 
Ex1: In/ under any circumstances must you not sign this document
Ex2: on any account should you not sign
 vit tng t hoc tr ng t

u câu)
ex1: nowhere in the world can you find a better place than here
ex2: nowhere did/ could I find him
o ng 

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 Nu cng mc TG (pre) + clause
 Not untill/ till + clause(pho ng
Ex1: he got home till/untill midnight
ot home

Ex2: not untill the refugrees had crossed the border did they feel safe
Ex3: not untill I sawthe photo, did I recognize him
o ng vi liên t ch nguyên nhân kt qu u câu
n ni
- o ng u câu và bt bung ngay sau nó là tính t hoc trng t
th cách
Ex1: she is so kind that everyone loves her

Ex2: the picasso painting was so expensive that noone could afford for it

Ex3: he drives so dangerously that he often has an accident

b, Such that
o ng : Such + be + N + that
 Danh t git c cu to t ng trong cm

Ex1: she is such a kind girl that I love her

Ex2: such the expense of the picasso painting that



o ng 
- Cách x lý : b 
c S  
ex1: if he rings, please tell him that I go out for food

Ex2: if you here the bell, open the door at once


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
 Nu  c S
Ex1: if I were her I would marry him
Ex2: If I were in your sittuation, I would choose another way

 Nu  ng: v

, he would be


 c S
ex1: if he had known that she was ill yesterday, she would have visited her.

Ex2: if he had been carefull yesterday, he would have passed the exam

 Note:
+ Nn hc S
+ N dng ph nh thì bt buc chuy
              
mistake at school.

ng ho ng cc chuyn sang dng áp do ng 
c b o ng 
Ex1: only if you help me, will I be successful
Ex2: Only if I had two wings, would I fly every where

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LESSON 19: TAG QUESTIONS  CÂU H

1, Câu hi không. Cu to gm 2 phn: nu phu  th khng
nh thì phn sau  th ph nh
 Câu hi cu to phn hi  
2, S ca câu h
- c bit hoc tr i t 
- u ph

Ex2: 
u



N
ng
This/that
It
These/ those
They
i t bnh ch i
They
None/ neither
They

i t bnh ch vt
It

 Các VD minh ha:

Ex2: those are 


Ex5: None of them are E, are they ?
3, V ng câu h
 Nu phc bic bi phôi.
 Nu phng thì ph ng t ng.


Ex3: we had better not talk in class, had we ?
Ex4: lan used to ride her bike to school, 
4, Th ca V : nu phu mang ý ph 

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 Các t mang ý ph nh : No, not, nobody, noone, nothing, never, little, rarely,
seldom, hardly (ever) = scarely (ever), none, neither
Ex: nobody like her, do they ?
Ex2: noone is ready, are they ?
Ex3: they never go out, do they ?
Ex4: she little understands me, does she ?
Ex5: neither student is lazy, are they ?
Ex6: nothing is cheap here, is it ?

Ex7: he could hardly feed his farmily, could he ?
5, Câu h t buc phi vit tt, hoc chuyp)

You learn E well, do you not ?
ng hc bit
Phu
Ph
I am


Shall we
Mnh l
Will you



Ex3: open the door, will you ?
7, Ng u câu h
 Nu lên ging cui câu lú này câu hi nghi vn, h ly
thông tin
 Nu xung ging cui i hu mình hng
tình





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LESSON 20: INDIRECT SPEECH  LI NÓI GIÁN TIP

 speechless(adj) không nói nên
li
Speaking + / country/ club/ everning (a + n)
Spoken + language ( E, F, K ): T anh nói, ting F nói
Writen E : T anh vit
Hc TA có 4 k c, vit
I, Khái nim: th nào là li nói gián tip ?
- Là loi li nói ch truyt li ý ci nói mà không truy
- Do vy khi nói gián tip ch cn chuy ý
i t ( DS IS)

i 1 câu t TT sang GT thì các thành ph ng,
i bii phù hp vi ch ng  m i thiu)
- Câu gi thi
2, khi V gii thiu  hin ti ho c gi nguyên thi
 trc tip.
3, Có th dùng nhing t gii thi bi câu
trn thut. Có th i vt buc phi theo
sau chúng nu là câu trn thut.
- V gii thiu có tân ng :



: nói/ bo ai rng
- Nu  câu gii thin sang gián tip bt bu



4, Nu câu trc tip có hô ng thì chuyn nó làm tân ng ca V gii thiu  câu gián tip.




 Duyen (that) he likes E
5, Nu V gii thiu  QK thì chuyn câu gián tip phi lùi thì:
  
 HTTD 

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 HTHT 
 HTHTTD 
  
 QKTD 
 QKHT i
 QKHTTD i
will 

note again:
- Nu câu trc tip miêu t quy lut bt bin ca t nhiên thì p có th
gim thi ho c

( th
round
6, S bii trng t v thi gian và v trí
Now , at the moment , at present , presently





 y gi


e next day/ the following day







 Note:
- Nu thi gian  ng t gii thiu  hin ti và chính là thi gian ca m thông
tin tc là thi gian cng t trong câu trc tii thi gian ca (V) gii
thii thi gian

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-  trng t TG ch không phi thì



7, Nu câu trc tip s dng V khuyt thiu




shall 
i
 Could : ch kh i
Ch 


Ex2: the policeman 

c, Must , should( nên), ought to:
- Nu nói v bn phn, trách nhi
th 
- Nu nó miêu t li khuyên thì S c s dng V
gii thi





 



 join him on the trip





 
my mother advised me to get up early
i khi chuyn gián tip


e, Dare: dám, thách : gim thng

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t ): khuyên trc tii khác không làm gì
 d


8, Nu  câu trc tip s dng các c
 c v u không có tht  hin t
 Would rather + clause : 2 ch th v
 
 It was time + clause QKHT
n gián tip ch bii, gim thng t ng t  mnh
 theo sau chúng gi nguyên hình thc ca câu trc tip




 




 

9, Câu trc tip s dng các lou kin
 Loi 1: ging
 Loi 2 + loi 3: không gim thi V

 the boy said if it rained the following day, he would stay at home.




 Nu  câu trc tip s di hình thc :

Thì có th bii theo quy tc chuy

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

Ex2: C2: he said if he were me, he would marry her
10, M thi gian trong QK miêu t n ra thì mng khác
bt ng xen vào có th không ci thi ca V

C1: he said when he was playing
C2: he said when he had been playing on the swings, it had started to rain ( ph bi
11, Nu câu trc tip s dng cu trúc

Shall we


= how about + Ving / what about + Ving : r i khác cùng làm gì
n sang câu gián tip s dng t gii thi
( ý g xut )
- Nu trong câu trc tip có hô ng thì s dng cu trúc
Suggested sb that + S + should + V
  tr li ta dùng
- n GT : agreed + to V
- Phn GT : be against





ey should sell the house but Lan was against
Ex3: how about going to the cinema tonight
( th còn chuyn xem phim ti nay thì sao)
12, Nu câu trc tin không)
n sang gián tip :
- ng t gii thi
- Bing



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




13, Nu câu trc tip s dng cu trúc mi
a, Mi th gì ( Smt)
 c :
Would you like + N ?
How about + N = What about + N ?
ng t gii thiu :
Invited + O(ch i) + N
 c( ý sung sã)
- N ? ( lên ging)
Ex: tea? , sugar ?, a cigarette ?
ng t gii thi  ý mi
Ex1: would you like a glass of fruit juice, Lan? Said Hoa.
 1)
C2: Hoa asked Lan if she would like a glass of fruit juice . (ít dùng)


b, Mi làm gì ?
would you like + to V ?
 i) + to V
 

C2: Peter asked sue if she would like to go to the cinema
14, Nu câu trc tip s dng c ngh lch s:




 m hi, ng i khác vic gì

 ý làm gì)

Peter offered to carry the bag for Hoa


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The man offered to help the girl
The man asked the girl if he could help her (ít dùng)
15, Nu câu trc tip s dng c ngh lch s : mình nh i khác làm gì giúp
mình.











+ Ving
 d ngh i khác làm gì
 
Asked/ requested/ commanded(yêu cu), required( yêu cu)

C1: Tom asked / requested Helen to open the door for him

C2: Tom asked Helen If she could open the door for him.
Ex2: Hoa said: 
Hoa asked/ requested Nam to pass her the salt
16, Nu câu trc tip s d
 i) + to V
Hoc có th gi 
Ex1: the teacher 
C1: the teacher advised the boys not to talk in class
C2: the teacher said to the boys that they had better not talk
17, Nu câu trc tip s dng mnh lnh
a, Mnh lnh khnh : s dng Vgt thuc nhóm: V + O(ch i) + to V
 Tùy theo sc thái ca tng câu trc ti s dng Vgt phù hp ng cnh


 Có th dùng : requested, asked, command, told, reminded



angrily

b, Mnh lnh ph nh binh lnh kh

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

18, Câu trc tip s dng câu hi nghi vc)


B2: thêm liên t if/ whether or not (cui câu)
B3: ging t  c tip và chuyn v trí sau S ca m thông báo, b 
d



the son if he gone to the cinema the previous night


19, Câu trc tip s dng câu hi có t  h
 Cu ti nghi v dng luôn t  hi làm liên t
- Vi câu hi có t  hi mà nm thân t  hi làm S thì V(v ngi v
trí (ch gim thì)
- Nu t  hi v trí V thành câu k, gim thi
m said





20, Câu trc tip s dng hình thc cm thán
a, Các loi câu cm thán vi t c
 Loi cm thán này ch kt hp vnh
What 
 
 




Ex: what a difficult expensive !
Ex2: what big shoes !
Ex3: what salty soup !

| BUI GIA TUAN ©2012
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VĂN PHẠM ANH NGỮ CĂN BẢN
107
 Câu cm thán v nh, ngoài ra loi câu cm thán này
c s di t nh bc TTSH,
hoc s hu cách, hoc tính t ch nh)
How + (adj) + S + be
Ex1: How young your mother is !
Ex2: how big these shoes are !

b, Câu cm thán trong li nói gián tip
S dng t gii hiu: exclaimed : tht lên
Exclaimed that + clause (gim thi)
 
He exclaimed that the weather was awful

Lan exclaimed that the sum was easy
 she said
She exclaimed that their house was large
21, Câu trc tip loi hn hp ( 2 câu tr lên)
a, cùng chng loi
 Các loi trn thu     n     
nguyên nhân cho m  ni
Ex1: 


then

t then as it was raining hard
 Các loi câu hn hp cùng chng loi (ngoài trn thut ) dùng chung 1 Vgt và dùng
 ni

He asked me why I was so late and if I had missed the train
Ex2: 
He asked me if I had go to bed the previous night and if I had slept well.

The teacher told the pupils not to look out and (to) listen to him